The Rules that Govern Life on Earth - with Sean B Carroll
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- čas přidán 17. 05. 2016
- Evolutionary biologist Sean B Carroll reveals how a few simple rules govern all life on earth, from the cells in our bodies to populations of animals on the Serengeti.
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Sean's book "The Serengeti Rules: The Quest to Discover How Life Works and Why It Matters" is available to purchase now - geni.us/879NZB
From revealing how inheritance works and developing evolutionary biology to manipulating viruses and bacteria to create products humans need, 20th century biology has been a revolution.
In telling the stories of some of the greatest discoveries of 20th century biology, Sean B. Carroll reveals how a few simple rules govern all life on earth, from the cells in our bodies to populations of animals on the Serengeti. A talk to show you why modern biology holds the key to remedying our greatest medical and ecological challenges.
Sean B. Carroll is an internationally-recognized evolutionary biologist whose research has centered on the genes that control animal body patterns and play major roles in the evolution of animal diversity. He's also an award-winning author, educator, and executive producer as well as the Allan Wilson Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics at the University of Wisconsin.
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One of my favorite Sean Carrolls
Cant believe nobody thumbed that up. It's not hilarious, but it's a good silent smile.
Some empty comments get 100 thumbs.
Oh, so that's why I'm watching a biology video lol
u must not live in ireland then
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Second favourite for me, the physicist and philosopher is first.
The Serengeti Rules
(Rules of regulation / How life works / to intervene in ecosystems)
1). Keystone Species: Some animals are more equal than others. Keystone species regulate community diversity.
2). Trophic Cascades: Some species have strong indirect effects on others through trophic cascades.
3). Density: The regulation of some species depends upon their density (ie. numbers and distribution).
4). Nature is resilient: Given a chance (habitat, protection, time), populations can rebound dramatically.
In general...
* Identify the key players (/species, factors, molecules) that regulate a process.
* Identify the rules that govern the interactions.
* Replace what is missing or fix broken links.
A very informative and interesting talk on evolutionary biology by Sean B. Carroll :)
Thank you for the summary. I just saved 50 minutes.
like take down all governments simultaneously and make the company's stop dumping their waste and fertilizer with toxic chemicals stop chem trails bam
@@jessicawiebe7656 Yes, let's violate the rights of a bunch of other human beings who have just as much right to pursue happiness as you do, so that your (ill-conceived) notions of the way things should work, and what's important can take center stage and dominate life on earth.
Sounds great.
@@jessicawiebe7656 Seriously? Chem trails? Stop smoking so many drugs and try to get a real life. Those are vapor trails caused by very cold temperatures at 35-40 thousand feet (-60 degrees) with hot exhaust gases from the jet engines.
Toxic chemicals in our crops? Yes, I agree fully.... those should be stopped, but made up issues should be ignored. Focus your energies on what's important, and that sure isn't chem trails.
Thank you, Mark MT.
I normally don't watch Biology stuff but watched this anyway due to CZcams's suggestion playlist. I think their algorithm knows more about me than myself. Really enjoyed this lecture and learnt something new today. Thanks to the Ri.
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This video was my first encounter with Dr. Carroll, watching a few years ago. Just re-watching with my wife. He became one of my favorite writers as well. For example: Brave Genius, Remarkable Creatures, Endless Forms Most Beautiful. I read these books, and yinz all should too!
THIS MAN IS A GREAT TEACHER, SCIENTIST AND EDUCATOR! Look at the way he receives the answers of the kids!
This lecture carries an extremely positive message, that if we make the right corrections, damage to nature can be readily fixed. I was very impressed by the style and content of this lecture, and by no means did I think it was unnecessarily padded as some commenters below suggest.
this seems to be one of the Ri Christmas lectures, which are primarily for kids. I particularly like the way he doesn't at all talk 'down' to his audience. Great talk.
Cristmas lectures? I was wondering why Santa was giving a Ted talk in a business suit.
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Thanks for the fascinating lecture!
Dr. Carroll is an excellent speaker, with an interesting, thoughtful, and optimistic message. Well worth an hour of time!
What a wonderful presentation - there is hope after all! Thanks for uploading!
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Thanks for sharing this story of the resilience of nature.
One of the most interesting and engaging lectures in the series, imho.
Fascinating lecture, now Gorongosa park on my list to see places.
His words explained the difficulty terms of science in easier to understand. It 's a great way and in more interesting 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻.
Wonderful presentation. I am not a biologist, but was completely informed and inspired by this talk.
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Top notch lecture. Thank you RI.
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Thank you. This talk was wonderful
Excellent presentation I really enjoy listening to an intelligent and articulate man such as this
Bravo Sir
Excellent talk by Sean Carroll!
Mr. Carroll - Karibu Tanzania!
Thank you. this was an awesome lecture. Really eye opening.
Very enjoyable and informative presentation. Thank you Sean Carroll and RI.
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Fantastic talk!! Thank you for the information!!
Excellent presentation from a dedicated person. Well done Sir.
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I am currently studying this in 3rd year to understand how we can build integrated multitrophic agri/aquacultural systems (IMAS) to sustainably feed the planet without destroying the keystones of the planet's ecosphere. This talk has also helped me understand my post-graduate goals. If you notice, it was feeding humans that started the degradation of the Serengeti in the first place (the virus from domesticated bovines). The solution is to decouple our food production from the environment, until the food production environment is itself a more bio-diverse ecosphere than it's environment. A simple example might be bird habitat and provision of water. A complex example might be the evolution of various preferential microbial, fungi and plant species migrating into the local environment and attracting wildlife. With properly built food production systems built upon the principals of 'trophic cascade', our inputs into this system need merely be sequestered carbon, pure organic ammonia, and some minerals. Sunlight, autotrophs and atmospheric oxygen does the rest. The output can be whatever you want - fish, crustaceans, molluscs, algal products, most plants - even energy generation. But yeah - you have to hear the idea first, believe in it - and then fund it.
dude, please, help this planet survive. I am tired of these idiots multiplying like rabbits while destroying all the grass and even plankton. They are so stupid that they cannot see how a spider of fly can be beautiful, and how this system is way smarter than all they have created in the millions of years of their existence.
I'd like to build a biodynamic garden following Georgia State University's Agriculture department protocol. 1 million pounds of biomass in 1 year in 1 acre. By using aeroponic planters that recycle water from a fish tank, which is fed by compost and earthworms. This trophic cascade sequesters carbon dioxide from the air in the form of collared greens, fish and earthworms. If it were to achieve a critical biomass it could 'split' like cellular mitosis. Organically dividing into two new biodynamic gardens until a surplus of food or lack of land limits expansion.
I am thankful to you Sean
That was a fantastic lecture! Another informative, enjoyable talk hosted by the RI.
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My summary:
context
history of the serengeti
examples for the rules
Trophic cascade: When one species has a chain reaction effect on the whole ecosystem, the chain reaction is called a trophic cascade.
The number of animals can be regulated from the top down (by predators) or bottom up (by food)
There are 4 rules:
1) There are some species which have a disproportionate effect on the diversity of creatures that live in a given place. They are called keystone species
2) Some species have strong indirect effects on other species through trophic cascades.
3) The regulation of some species depends on their density
4) Nature is incredibly resilient. If nature is given a chance, it can rebound dramatically
In the Teton and Yellowstone Park not only do the wolves reduce the numbers of browsers but the animals avoid the cover of the aspen and other small trees because the the wolves use the cover to ambush them. The browsers concentrate down in the open prairie of Jackson Hole and Yellowstone valley. The mountain pika are getting a a little extra chance to survive as well because foxes and coyotes, their major predictor, is being driven out by the wolves. It shows that wolves have been a boon for the area in more ways than imagined.
I cant speak for north america (never be there), but here in germany they're definitely a boon for the whole food network and the environment. They reduce and balance the efforts which will normally need from hunters.
Amazing lecture and absolutely worth an hour of your life.
or a half hour, if you watch it on two times speed and can understand him
This is pure disinformation , this subversive little man is pushing vaccinations .
@John Smith - Are you a vacination denier like Trump ?
Dont be silly - common sense says you risk manage public heath.
Two risks
- ROU = risk of using vacinations and
- RONU = risk of Not using vacinations
Two impacts
- for ROU impact is low (few people have adverse effects / millions people do not and are protected)
- for RONU the impact is high (millions of people not protected subject to daily illness and death / few people saved from adverse effects)
You clearly apply vacinactions to avoid the highest impact to public health.
@@JohnSmith-vy4lh just as in the Serengeti, with vaccinations it's all about regulation!
@@borntodoit8744
as long as YOU'RE vaccinated, how could another person who ISN'T vaccinated put you at risk??
so many brilliant Sean Carrolls
Great talk, although I did find myself hearing Toto's "Africa" every time he mentioned the Serengeti!
"Hurry, boy, she's waiting there for you..." [bold]ba-dum-ba-dum-badududum-dum[/bold]
I would like his opinion on where we might concentrate resources beneficially elsewhere
Very nice - I'll be buying this book.
Fascinating topic and good storytelling.
Great talk. Great upload!
This was excellent!
Time well spent ;)
Excellent and fascinating.
I came for the physicist, stayed for the biologist.
Same
Incredible talk. Thank you
This is an awesomely educational video. Very good !
Excellent. Thank you.
Wonderful presentation! So informative.
worth it to learn abt the keystone species
I had almost forgotten how rare good news was and how much I enjoy it until seeing this video. Great to see something positive working out, much less even undertaken, these days!
great presentation
Thank you so much.
very informative
Excellent!
Such insight.
Thank you!
Wow loved this guys presentation style! Who is he? The new David Attenborough! Thoroughly enjoyed this.
steve darragh there’s only one Sir David Attenborough
Excellent lecture!
Growing up in Frankfurt, Germany in the 1950s, the Gzrimek's were of course a household name, and visiting the Zoo at least once a year, that Bernhard G. managed, was almost obligatory. His movies and shows at the ARD TV channel were regularly watched, and often presented in the Frankfurt schools. I guess we knew as schoolkids more about the Serengeti and its animals than our German habitats and wildlife.
I loved this presentation
Brilliant!
Worth watching
I dispute those aspen are chewed at 40:38 it is the natural maturation of P. tremuloides exposed, perhaps occasionally rubbed and burned but not chewed. Elk are not browsers by choice, they are grazers. Furthermore in the grass in front of him shows plenty regeneration going on: cloning from the Aspen roots, especially when stressed. Possibly the elk are *overgrazing* the regen, which would give a similar result by altering predator population but may lead to increased wildfires with heavier loads of dead grass laying about particularly in early Spring - there is much more research to be done. If you see shredded aspen or willow bark, suspect the velvet being rubbed off antlers in early fall; if you see chewed (clear tooth-marks) suspect first the moose, occasionally a deer - especially the mule deer - it will almost always be juvenile bark on trees or branches less than 10 cm in diameter. Trust me, mature poplar bark is not a great food source, even if you go through the work of chewing through to the cambium.
excellent lecturer
Very very interesting and encouraging.....Gracias
Excellent video
Heartwarming. I just hope the African countries are able to keep these wildlife areas free of human development, given the stresses and challenges of climate change and population growth.
As a young biologist I studied top down and bottom up effects in northern Norway in the 90ies. In the mountains. Bioproductivity had a huge effect. In the valleys there was an abundance of plants, feeding alot off herbivores (rodents, grouse), feeding predators. There you see a typical top down effect. Higher up in the slopes the productivity was lower. Held back by nutrients and climate. So low the area couldn't feed predators permanently. They would walk trough the area and prey some rodents, but it did not effect the numbers. Adding food showed an increase in numbers of rodents in the high areas. Not in the valleys. There was food enough to feed the herbivores, but they were kept down by predators. But in the high areas the herbivores had an effect on the plants. They are much more protective with thorns and bad taste. If everybody is out to eat you, the most protected species will thrive. Whithout herbivores in the high areas the shrubbs took over, If they were too many only grass could live. Those effects was not that visible in the productive valleys. In extreme hights, when the land cannot feed even herbivores, plants put everything into addapt to the elements. The world is green, yellow and white.
In Serengetti (green) there are all trophic layers, and on small preys there is a top down effect. But for some species it is a green desert. It looks like it's alot of food, but for them it is not. They are living in a green desert.
Mr. Caroll is a joy to listen to and an awesome human being. That said, there is one thing that threw me off here. After spending a good bit of time describing how disease was the primary factor in animal populations and habitat viability on the Serengeti, at 33:10 he throws up a slide that only lists predation and food as factors. I don't want to be critical but nature is miraculously complicated and when we oversimplify our view of the many moving pieces, we often distort the big picture. This was a wonderful lecture that really made me think and taught me a lot. It also left me with optimism and a resolve to be respectful of nature and the planet as a whole.
It was a "food chain", which only considers the feeding effects, not death by other causes. It's just a simplified way of looking at it.
A fascinating presentation, and it should be really heartening to learn how nature can bounce back... with some help. But I fear that this useful and informative lecture paints on a canvas which ignores the bigger picture of trends and likely future developments, and also glosses over (or does not mention) the fact that there are areas where the virtual eradication of key species, and in some cases nearly all species, gives the appearance of being irrevocable (marine environments such as the Newfoundland Grand Banks for example).
I am very pleased that the Serengeti and the Gorongosa National Parks have seen a renaissance of wildlife and bio-diversity. But a reliance on tourist income and on governmental protection means dependance on two things: namely a thriving international leisure and tourist industry and an effective government, and neither of these are likely to survive in the face of developing and accelerating trends. The depressing facts are that in many areas (Africa and Asia especially, but also elsewhere) the combination of unsustainable population growth and shrinking food resources, due in large part to the effects of Climate Change, will likely bring about the collapse of effective government, rising civil unrest and conflict, mass migration of populations, the disappearance of tourism, and the physical degradation of many environments due to changes in weather patterns (often drought, but perhaps including catastrophic flooding in some places, eg. Bangladesh). The twenty year war in Mozambique (not really a civil war as the MNR, or 'Renamo' in Portuguese, were a proxy force funded and armed by Apartheid South Africa, with US help, to destabilise the newly independent socialist country) produced conditions that may well be repeated across many regions in coming decades. When millions of people have insufficient food resources, are being driven from their homes by starvation and warfare (which go hand in hand and often create a horrific mutual feedback loop), then the structures necessary to create and nurture a revival of wildlife species cannot survive.
Yes, let us celebrate the successes mentioned in this lecture, but let us also realise that if we cannot fix the bigger story then none of these sub-plots will have any long term future.
I don't agree with everything, but this is a valuable video.
8:43- loses all credibility
I take it back this was a great talk
Wow, Sean Caroll has his alter ego - by day he is an evolutionary biologists; By night, a Cosmologist and physicist... And in order not to confuse himself he changes his middle name... and a beard.
Yep, the B actually stands for Beard.
Sean B Carroll (B for Biota) AND Sean M Carroll (M for Multiverse)... Weird parents huh?
Sean Biologist Carroll and Sean Cosmologist Carroll.
Is there an Anthropologist or an Architect in this family?
Sean is typically in a superposition of being both biologists and physicists. When he arrives to give a lecture and is observed by his audience the probability wave collapses, and only then do the organizers know which Sean Carroll will be speaking.
Toxis 5
Beautiful
What a great presentation. Entertaining and really informative. I just want to know when we will be hearing about the Everettian Multiverse. And what is that "B." In Sean's name? But for someone who has an interest in both environmental protection and cosmology coming across Sean B's presentation was a lovely piece of serendipity. Thanks!
It took this guy about 10 minutes to tell us what his talk was about. I hope he's not disappointed when young people don't watch it! My knowledge of kids, and people generally, is if you haven't got them interested in the first 30 seconds you have missed the boat.
their loss; low attention span. This is not a hollywood movie.
@@karezaalonso7110 you're right. It's more like a British murder mystery.
Brilliant
I don't know why he is called an 'evolutionary biologist', because there was very little mention of evolution (regardless of what might be inferred). It was a very good presentation. Apart from anthropomorphising nature, everything was pretty much pure biology. Well done!
He points out early on that this stuff he presents here is very different from his normal work, which according to him is looking "inside" one animal to see how it evolved, rather than looking at population interplay, which is this video
@@transformrecruitment7068 My point is you can do real science WITHOUT having to invoke evolutionism!
@@Dino7759 evidently! some biology like these studies of population dynamics is less reliant on evolutionary theory
@@Dino7759 Not all biological stydies involve those time scales evolution works on. But you can not study ecology without evolution in the equation. Evolution is a cornerstone to understand the life around us and interactions between species. Especially over time. It is not an -ism. Evolution just happens all the time. If you disregard it you will not get the full picture. If you have an interaction between predator and prey, you have to understand evolution to understand the strategies for hunting and protection. How they developed. The bad hunters and the less protected prey are all dead before they could breed above average, as the best hunters and the most protected prey do. Evolution is ecology over time.
Outstanding presentation. Fascinating!
The wolf is also a very important species. Reintroduction has been very controversial due to predation on lifestock, but the effect on the wild has been positive as outlined by the presenter. Wolves prey on deer for example. By regulating the deer population some suppressed species of plants have been able to regain a foothold and help restore habitats. With an ever-growing human population we need to continue to find ways to reduce our impact on our planet. Pollution such as lack of proper waste management in many parts of the world, the unnecessary use of plastics and so on is something we need and can address. It will make our lives better as well by creating jobs and a more healthy population.
Great presentation here. I like how he presents the data. Reminds me of a great biology teacher I had back in high school. Science rocks.
Nature is resilient, but only if we as humans treat it is a gift to treasured. That we do not kill off species before even having discovered them.
It is nice to see that we humans are not only able to consume and destroy, but also replace and regrow. Let us do more of that. I definitely want to be part of that esp. when it comes to finding ways on how to help humans live in harmony with the land.
So glad I watched this. It makes me realize the importance of stopping Climate Change. If we keep snipping the strands of the web of life eventually everything will collapse.
This had NOTHING to do with climate change. Nothing.
@@kathyyoung1774 If you think this is entirely separate from climate change you need to educate yourself.
@Carol Johnson How about you stop lying? While Al Gores predictions are more than what climate scientists generally say, they're still mostly years in the future so claiming they all failed is a lie by default. Nor has AOC ever said that the world will end, in 12 years or later.
@voilaviolamh Generalized noise and nonsense is what that is. You pretend that those who talk about it as if it's real are only out for the money, while ignoring that those who want to maintain the status quo has by far the largest reasons to do so. Nor is it being "religious" about it, as actual climate scientists disagree a lot, they just don't disagree about the general conclusion, that it's man made and a real problem.And pretending that it's impossible to talk against this supposed "main stream narrative"? An outright lie. Ie, you're just projecting the faults of the deniers onto the actual scientists who are doing the real science, while giving every favour to those throwing out random noise like "but the climate has always changed" as if this somehow means that a massive change over a short time span that directly follows the predictions from scientists can be ignored. No, just because has changed before does in no way make it impossible that some new drastic change has other causes.
Overpopulation by humans must be addressed....this has been a concern for decades.....and overpopulation of the human race has overwhelmingly contributed to climate change and human extinction....
Thanks The Royal Institution.☺
true gold
Wow!
The Circle of Life is Amazing ....our respect to life dies day's is to low and we need to do more to keep life beautiful. Give Nature the Respect that it deserves, our own life's depend of it.
KEEP the CIRCLE round .....and we all benefit from it....plain and simple, it is no magic, no hidden things, just respect life as all other things around you.
He mentioned not paving the road or making it bigger. How do I help keep people tame from doing to much?
Very good talk, thanks for doing this.
The "perfect" science story always ties back to how great vaccines are.
Population Ecology is really fascinating. Good talk!
To enhance your experience in conjunction with the lecture the book, "What Evolution Is" by Ernst Mayer, is a go-to source for the understanding of gene pools and selection processes that is all around us.
Is the Serengeti rule applicable on Humanity and groups of humanity? Maybe on countries and groups in the country and in the workplace and maybe even in ones family? Are there Keystone humans and Groups of Humans?
Sean should also reveal long-term effects that would take much more than a few decades to study directly. Populations of a species that get very low reduce genetic diversity, making that species more vulnerable to extinction from simple causes, therefor more likely. It seems that he should add a 5th rule to address ecological dynamics over longer time-spans.
SIMKINETICS That is definitely a hazard of allowing a population to reduce drastically. I think his focus was on how to bring back the population as quickly and naturally as possible. The genetic diversity issue has been addressed, but this keystone animal issue is something few of us have heard of.
AWESOME! So much for equality....
I would like to know where you went out on the safari .. even what company you used to take you on the safari ..
Finally some good news!
I wish he had circled back to the start of his lecture and talked about the trophic cascades that occur in human bodies when we introduce medicines on a long term basis; i.e. the chain of consequences that results when you follow the TV announcer's advice to "ask your doctor about" the latest immunomodulating drug.
This is a great talk, but that video at 50 minutes _really_ needs a notch filter applied. That 5KHz tone is not pleasant to have to listen to at all =(
Agreed and it is far too long. He could have got his msg across in 20 mins.
right now i'm digging the optical trick squares in the background . One moment you look at it its upside down, then again it goes right side up, and back n forth . 8:12 those statins are great but damn you get some screaming bad leg cramps in the middle of the night . my doctor took me off . but there must be something like say potassium rx which would minimize them so i could get back on the statins . i haven't had any blood work for a year and a half and im worried . got to find a new doctor i think
It's crazy that only 15000people viewed this!
I viewed it, but only 10 mins. Far too much blabbing.
Where do Carroll Quigley's brilliant prognostications fit into all this, Sean?
He was Bubba's favorite prof/mentor at Georgetown and Clinton
honored him at his 92 inauguration.
@
Yes nature is resilient leave it alone!
The audience may be kids, but they are still probably more knowledgeable than most adults.
This guy isn't a bad teacher...
Joe Rosati He is excellent.
Mozambique, thank you for bringing back Gorongosa!