Confusing Terms in Research - Confounder/Covariate/Moderator/Mediator | Simple Example

When you do your journal club, sometimes you see confusing terms in research papers - words like confounders, covariates, moderators or mediators. What do they all mean? So today, I am going to walk you through these terms using a simple example.
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► TIMESTAMPS:
0:00 - Intro
1:34 - Confounder
2:10 - Covariate
2:38 - Moderator
3:45 - Mediator
4:50 - Clues in Research Papers

[@abdelgaderalfallah]

I do like this video and to answer your question I'm gonna give you like millions of trillions thumbs up

[@saras3632]

After watching a lot of videos and still feeling confused, finally I am feeling that I am beginning to understand the differences between all of these terms, thank you

[@ToddErnst1999]

FINALLY, someone who makes sense of this! Thank you!! I'm taking master's class in clinical mental health and this was a huge help.

[@WeyTwoGo]

This is absolute gold! Thank you!

[@roupenodabashian1666]

This is a must-video for any resident who will do Journal club! Your listeners will pimp you on all these terms! I have been there

[@PublishedMD]

Thank you for your kind words!

[@iindrayani6718]

Thanks for sharing. This video is really helpful.

[@nimishaphilip1417]

Well explained
Thank you so much

[@Afderac]

I've been struggling for one year, asking my professor, but that is the most clear explanation that I've met (the schema helps a lot !)

[@PublishedMD]

I am glad that is helpful! Are there any statistical concepts you are not clear about? I am happy to make a video to clarify them further.

[@monakheng4902]

that's a fantastic video, thank you

[@RohanKayani]

Clearly explained and very helpful. Thank you!

[@PublishedMD]

Glad it was helpful!

[@sereyhing4826]

Thank you

[@priscillabahaw5673]

This was so helpful

[@mrjercan2]

Thank you for this explination. Very good examples that are easily understood.

[@PublishedMD]

My pleasure! Are there any other topics you are interested in?

[@0907point]

Very very clear explanation!

[@PublishedMD]

Glad you like it. Thanks!. Are there any other research/statistical concepts that you would like me to talk about?

[@alihossainalluwaym3913]

Thank you that was great ...how about collider?

[@rayaotic]

thank you so much :D

[@bridgettsmith7206]

Thank you for the video

[@PublishedMD]

Thanks for watching!

[@dabaabdissa1474]

EXCELLENT

[@MDMAx]

Tyvm!

[@PublishedMD]

My pleasure! Are there are terms you are confused about? I will make a video to explain.

[@zhaoqian58]

Fabulous! Would appreciate it if any reference could be given.

[@evelynlim6230]

Hi, can the age group be the covariate? Because it’s effect the outcome of the results

[@db2065]

Are confounder and moderator the same to an extent?

[@SureshKumarMaddala]

Can diabetes be an exposure in this case?

[@PublishedMD]

Yes, diabetes could be an exposure for stroke. In that case, the research question would be "Is diabetes associated with the risk of stroke?"

[@user-wr4yl7tx3w]

Is it because kidney failure increases the probability for the treatment using Procrit? Is that why it is a confounder?

[@PublishedMD]

That is absolutely correct!
Normal kidney produces erythropoietin. --> People with kidney failure produces less erythropoietin, resulting in anemia. That is why, patients with kidney failure usually need erythropoietin shots (procrit) to treat their anemia.

[@mustafeibrahim-xx1fk]

great keep up. you did a good job. we have learned from you. i am First year PhD students for Public Health, could you give your me your email, in case I need your help.

[@PublishedMD]

HI @mustafe ibrahim, you can get find my email address at the "About" section of my youtube channel. I can't put the email in the comment section because of potential spam bot attacks.