IPA Basics : Place of Articulation
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- čas přidán 3. 05. 2015
- The first of a three part series on how to read the consonant section of the IPA. Topics discussed: What is a consonant?, Place of Articulation, Active and Passive Articulators; Bilabial, Labiodental, Dental, Alveolar, Post-alveolar, Retroflex, Palatal, Velar, Uvular, Pharyngeal, Epi-glottal and Glottal Consonants.
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►Discuss this episode on the subreddit: goo.gl/QU0rKb ◄
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► Artifexian on the Interweb: ◄
Podcast: www.artifexian.com/
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Blog: www.scifiideas.com
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►Links/Further Reading: ◄
IPA: goo.gl/xMwMwN
Interactive IPA Chart: goo.gl/o3Vbk9
Consonant: goo.gl/EwvmhX
Place of Articulation: goo.gl/JBdEzF
The joys of muttering like a lunatic while making the sounds while watching the video. 10/10 would do in public.
CainGrey Yup!
Artifexian Loving all the videos, can't wait to listen to more sounds I wish I could make.
CainGrey czcams.com/video/vzt0cXdUW3k/video.html
CainGrey
If you ever start a conlang and you don't live alone, you keep wondering if someone hears you while you murmur your sounds/words to reassure they sound good
CainGrey I got a lot of weird looks when finding consonants for my Conlang!
It might not have been the best idea to watch this video while eating. Lets just say there was spillage
Rabimmel123 For Linguistics, good sir! :)
*"A V E R A G E H U M A N F O O D H O L E"*
with teet
Termynoloji
69 likes
obshtroction
@@profsusansatsumas and lips too
Bilabial.............. 1:22
Labiodental...... 1:38
Dental............... 1:47
Alveolar............ 1:57
Post Alveolar... 2:24
Retroflex.......... 2:38
Palatal.............. 3:03
Velar................. 3:12
Uvular............... 3:25
Pharyngeal...... 3:44
Epi-Glottal........ 4:09
Glottal.............. 4:43
Chris Gravel thanks!
Thanks!
Chris Gravel he forgot linguolabial was a place of articulation
Linguolabial...... 5:25
This comment should be pinned.
1:22 - bilabial (upper and lower lips)
1:38 - labiodental (lower lip and upper teeth)
1:50 - dental (tongue and upper teeth)
1:57 - alveolar (tongue and ridge before upper teeth). examples: nail, touch, door, sun, zoo, laugh, relish)
2:23 - post/palatal alveolar (same as alveolar but move tongue back a hair, e.g. shine, vision)
2:38 - retroflex (again, same as alveolar but you curl the tongue back). example: "nord" (Swedish)
3:02 - palatal (raise the middle of the tongue to the hard palate), example: yes
3:13 - velar (back of the tongue against the soft palate), examples: king, garden, sing (nasal ŋ sound), wow (w sound)
3:25 - uvular (back of the tongue against the uvula). example: "rendezvous" (French). see also: uvular trill
3:44 - pharyngeal (back of the tongue against the...back of the throat? [see video])
4:09 - epi-glottal ("using the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis" [see video]). example: something about Louis Armstrong's "vocal growl"
4:43 - glottal (using the glottis [see video]). examples: home and the glottal stop (say uh-oh, the pause is called the glottal stop)
Thanks
>list of consonants
>not safe for work
you dirty, dirty linguist
Manatee Man and a cunning linguist at that
@@gorfgapley4371 underrated reply
0:21
Hey, I saw it first!
@@Thycket hey you created exasperation in gd
This playlist pretty much encompasses pretty much everything taught in my Linguistics 101 course last semester... If only I had found it sooner.
This video is over 5 years old and it is still amazing how something complex has been rendered "somewhat easy" for me, purely by tour talent and teaching.
Thank you very much! And I must also point out that I'm not even english/in an english speaking country, so your videos do mean a lot for someone who is looking after a clear, didactic way to learn conlangs
ikr!
"complete with some lips, a tounge, and some teet." XD
Lol
same, just same
ONLY ONE MAN WOULD *DARE* GIVE ME THE LINGUOLABIAL TRILL
I dare you.
@@aetheralmeowstic2392 Lone Starr! At last we meet for the first time for the last time.
Interesting how you can pronounce /ð/ and /θ/ perfectly but don't use them automatically in speech. Is your native language english, but a dialect that doesn't really use these sounds, or another language? If you're non-native to english, do you notice your own accent? Sorry if these questions are ignorant, linguistics is a new interest of mine and I'm particularly interested in how people learn languages.
Alexander Lowry He's Irish, and Irish English doesn't use the dental fricatives.
David Wang some versions of Irish English don't. Neither do some versions of Castillian.
He explains in another episode that his dialect doesn't use them. He's learned how to say them but wouldn't include them in his own conlangs as he likes to be able to speak his own languages.
I'm American and I have difficulty with /ð/ too. Usually when clustered with another consonant. Like, "the" and "that" are fine, but "mouths" well, I've had people ask if I'm having a stroke.
As an american, I never really use those sounds. Most of the time, I pronounce the "th" sequence as a denti-alveolar stop, kinda like the t/d sounds in Spanish, Hindi, Italian, etc.
I’m working on making a mainly click consonant conlang, and I cannot express how helpful this video was for figuring out what the sounds I need are called
When I saw how to pronounce [s] and [z] I was completely confused since I don't do it that way. After looking up the definition of lisp, I found out I have one since I pronounce [s] and [z] with the tongue in between the teeth.
Joseph Schmitz I do too though, and I'm pretty sure I have one now. It's kind of like the 'th' but lower in the mouth. I remember in Pre-K that I had a really hard time pronouncing 'sh' and 'th', because they told me 'sh' was like an s but farther back in the mouth, and 'th' was like s but farther forward in the mouth. This makes a lot of sense because I pronounce 's' with my teeth.
Damn
Same
Joe S I used to have a lisp but I had to go to side classes for it.
whoever made this is an angel. You managed to save a little of my studying time, 3 pages summed up and well explained in less that 6 minutes. Thank you!!
C'mon, pharyngeals are easy to pronounce!
**rasping choky throat noises**
See?
Minecraft Zombie noises
Video prior to this was xkcd, now it's nsfw
Let's not forget, "In the teet(h), *consonants: N,S,F,W* "
Hopecaster “With your tongue against the teat…,”🤨, “Er. Why are you looking at me like that?”
This series is epic dude! Thanks so,much,for taking the time to make it
Thank you so much. Now, I could be able to answer my exam tomorrow! Wish me luck. I was able to grasp everything you've said in 6 minutes. Thank you once again.
This is awesome, not many people cover this type of stuff on CZcams. Great vid man :D
Such a great video! The easiest explanation of articulation places I've seen so far
Purely by name, a Lingo-labial trill sounds life flapping your tounge against your lips and trying not to laugh.
It's even funnier when you realize that it would basically be a fart noise with your tongue sticking out... the classic "raspberry"
it's sticking your tongue out and then flapping the bottom lip
It's easy
According to Wikipedia, a linguolabial trill is not known to be used phonemically but occurs when blowing a raspberry.
Did you miss the velar nasal /ŋ/ when listing English velar consonants?
***** I think I did...apologies :(
Artifexian You also missed the post-alveolar "ch" and "j" affricative sounds. No worries though.
+Artifexian do you use the ogham alphabet for your openings?
+Ryan Bautista he does.
In other Indian languages they have retroflex sounds but in some like Hindi, Urdu, Bengali and Assameese. they are fronted to Post Alveolar or Alveolar.
टठडढण
Thank you so much for this video. It has helped me understand Place if Articulation much more effectively than any other source.
0:17 Is This Not Safe For Work?
Not
Safe
For
Work
Are you watching this at work?
"Foodhole" "then the teet(h)" it all makes sense now
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Washington
The English [w] is labio-velar _(or labialized velar)_, *NOT* bilabial.
It kinda seems like both, so it's an easy mistake to make. I know that the IPA officially calls it labiovelar, though.
That's why he said "four-ish".
I dont understand where does the velar thing comes from? like seriously a "Voiced labial-velar approximant" ie [β̞ɰ] like wtf? i never pronounce the velar stuff its a frekin β̞ + lip rounding [β̞ʷ]
@@Ida-xe8pg It comes from the fact that [w] is the semivocalic equivalent of [u], just like how [j] is the semivocalic equivalent of [i].
Back vowels are also called "velar vowels" (because the back semivowel is a velar approximant), front vowels are also called "palatal vowels" (because the front semivowel is a palatal approximant).
But because [w] is also rounded, it's labialized, hence labio-velar.
You spoke the Indian retroflex correctly. Well done Edger 👍🏻
Your pronunciation of टापू "tapu" was pretty spot-on.
Thank you for sharing this video. You help me a lot. It's clear and easy to understand.
I tried making an epiglottal consonant sound and coughed up a bit of carrot
This was a really great intro to IPA. I feel so much better.
I don't know when i subscribed to this channel but i'm glad i did. Great video.
Diego Martinez Haha! Brilliant comment :)
superb video and lovely to hear a fellow Irish accent :) Well done - I will use this now to try and teach my TY class linguistics!
Pure gold. Many thanks for the video.
Lively, straight to the point, and clear. Funny too.
I always have a hard time believing nose cavities are that large when my sinuses are so easily blocked :P
Had me hacking here trying to make some of these sounds along with the stick man lol.
Great stuff as always, sir!
***** The food hole is a most interesting area indeed. Glad you enjoyed, Kalez. :)
There's also this one articulation I once made up for a conlang of mine - circutongue. Basically like dental, but instead of a teeth sandwich, you use the lips!
My language had these in plosive and nasal form.
i think its called linguolabial
ur so right. i wish 12 year old me knew that
I find this video worth watching for the people who are looking for the specific information regarding this subject
Yay! A good video on consonants. Thank you!
how great sophisticated style you have ,,,, i liked the video
loving the podcasts btw :D
Dude, thank you very much! This has been very helpful!
nobody gonna talk about how artifexian really made me think "wan" is a word for a second;
"p as in pan"
"b as in ban"
"m as in man"
"and w as in water"
I've been looking forward to this.
Excellent comprehensive video! You're very good at teaching, Edgar.
Ted Logan Cheers, Ted.
loving this
Great! I tried that with my teacher the other week, due to your last vid, and he can do all the sounds! I on the other hand have some problems with the ones back in the throat areas :/ sideinfo: Albanian and (Mandarin) Chinese share the ㄖ (ri) and ㄓ (zhi) sounds, although written differently.
PPS: While I think one can learn all the sounds (there's no "jay" sound in german, I learned it) rolling the "r" maybe a genetic thing, like rolling the tongue. -I'm finished now, have a great one y'all!
JayFolipurba I cannot tell you how much I would love to be able to roll my Rs. :(
I feel sorry for you now :-) but tell me this, are you able to roll your tongue? Like :-(o) Because that is due to genetics. I'll make a study, I know 200 people at my school
Now, this I can do! :D
I found myself trying to make all these sounds...
rhyscd147 I did too, but when I got to the [s] and [z] I couldn't do it the way it was shown. TIL the way I say s and z is completely wrong
Joseph Schmitz The impression I get is that sound production varies slightly from speaker to speaker. I don't think there are any hard and fast rules. Linguistics may disagree but that's the impression I got from my research.
Well yeah. That’s just fun. It’s also a good way to look crazy while driving. Which is also fun.
if you haven’t yet, plz make a video about the linguolabial trill! it sounds very interesting! it doesnt have to be a long one!
I would really enjoy seeing an altered atmosphere video. Try building atmospheres with different inert gases or different concentrations that are still breathable. I was thinking neon replacing two thirds of nitrogen in an earth like atmosphere would be a neat excersize, Since nitrogen doesn't really matter to human respiration, we just need an inert gas that can mix well with air and be held by the planet. Also since nitrogen is important for plant growth and amino acids we'd still need some of it on a world with life similar to ours.
This was super useful!
Love these videos! Thanks so much!
ParnischYT Not a problem. Thanks for watching. Means a lot.
this is super beneficial!! thank you and hi from turkey :)
nice consonant examples
Just in case anyone happens to be interested: You are not supposed to pronounce the "r" in the Swedish word "nord". In fact, it is the "r" that modifies the "d" sound into the "ɖ"-sound described in the video. In other words "rd" = [ ɖ ]. Other than that, the pronunciation was pretty much correct.
You are awesome very helpful thank you
Good video.
Excellent video!
sketchesofpayne Cheers, Payne
4:38 this is actually aspirated. A pure epiglottal plosive doesn't sound like a cough. More like a gulp.
Christ swedish has so many sounds that i never thought about! First i realized we use the english R all the time, and now i see how we have a different D sound too!
I'm learning one of the Ukrainian (no reason, I just like learning new languages) and their letters П, Г, and Л always seem to throw me off so far. Г is most similar to the English H. Their H is pronounced like the English N. Л is English L. П is English P sound. Their P is pronounced like English R.
Heather Marie Fiske same thing with russian mate, however the cyrillic aphabet is just the same sounds in different places. And р isn't the english R, it's a trilled R.
Thanks for correcting that. I'm really a beginner at learning this. The best way I catch on with the sounds is through their pop music. I found some artists I like so it really helps with catching on some of the different sounds/words.
I produce the s sound dental and the "shine" "sh" sound without touching my toungue anywhere on the top of my mouth. Is that unnormal?
+Hendy24 Same here.My tongue would touch the sides of my upper teeth(where you crunch your food).
@Astroblaze yeah called fricative
These videos are so cool that I am thinking in creating a language...
2:54
You nailed it bro!
2:39 In my dialect of English, dental fricatives are sometimes replaced by what sound like retroflex plosives. For example, "Go through that area" may come out as "Go ʈroo ɖat area". I don't know why I do this, but my theory is that the integrations of several cultures into the US has influenced the language, especially in major metropolitan areas like the one I grew up in.
4:00 My dialect of English also sometimes pharyngealizes /s/ and /z/, possibly for the same reason, but unlike in Arabic, this does not change how the consonant is perceived.
what dialect is that?
That was super cool
Zephyrus Morley Cheers, Zephyrus. Glad you enjoyed. :)
3:18 English also has the [ŋ] as in loNG. That's a velar sound as well
So far my language is based of a very patternistic, rhythmic sentences using the front of the mouth, and the letters where pressure builds up, patterning the letters toward vowel, consonant, pressure reliant consonant... Going strong so far...
😔2 hours on Wikipedia trying to understand IPA but getting more confused instead.. then this guy explains it in a few minutes lol. thanks
Quick thing: English actually contains the palatal fricative [ç] like in the word hue. You'll notice when you say it that it's a little different from the [h] in house.
That beard is fucking magnificent.
Clicked on the link at 5:27. Not disappointed. xD
4:30 One dialect in northeast Brazil has one. A voiced plosive, ʡ, as in "Ricardo" (Richard), [ʡI'kaχdʊ], or "errôneo" (erroneous), [e'ʡõnIw].
Artifexian: *Tells himself how to pronounce pharyngeals*
Also Artifexian: I can't pronounce them
dude. that's a full degree right there, man.
Wait, you're supposed to pronounce the "Ruh" sound by putting the tongue on the roof of the mouth?
You can easily do an english "r" bilabially. Using the alveolar ridge for english makes you sound like you're deaf or nasal. It is definitely used in spanish, but not english. I don't understand why it's not listed under bilabial. Now I know why it causes so much trouble.
Why isnt the Epiglottal column not shown in some of the charts?
thankss!!!!!
I don't see any teat... lol.
+psammiad Or teet.
Irish people say [t] for [th]
English /ɹ/ is actually postalveolar, not alveolar, but the symbol for the alveolar is often used since English doesn't contrast the alveolar and post-alveolar approximants.
I know affricates are two consonants put together but does it really not count as its own consonant like the post-alvelolar [t̠ʃ] and [d̠ʒ]?
and what about [ŋ], that's a velar in English. and I thought our was [ɹ] or [ɻ].
you missed one. the inuit have sound that can't pronounce but i think the it sounded "aGLuka". the GL was a sound that i could not find in your description.
>tfw you're sitting in front of your computer making weird sounds with a focused expression
I'm from Poland and, while we technically have this "glottal fricative" of yours, almost everyone uses exclusively a uvular fricative... I think that's the name, anyway. Strangely enough, when I learned English, I pronounced it glottal without even noticing.
+Extravagant Sobriquet Yup, most people don't understand the difference between Polish "h" and "ch", while I can hear the difference clearly and I was always distinguishing them in speech since I was a little kid. Moreover, this distinction helped me very much in orthography, because if I knew the difference in pronunciation, I automatically knew how to write it correctly :) Same goes with "u" / "ó", "rz" / "ż" etc.
Bon Bon There's a difference between the u's? Now that's new to me.
+Extravagant Sobriquet What the hell, that guy is just wrong, there isn't (as long as you mean modern Polish, of course). And the difference between "h" and "ch" exists only in a handful of speakers, most people pronounce them in the same way :)
janusz goldberg I'm not wrong. It's just that most people don't know the difference and don't hear it. If you say that there's no difference, then you are another example to prove my case, because clearly you don't hear the difference as well.
I wrote an entire long reply about that, I guess you didn't even bother to read it :P
The "h" sound is a glottal fricative, pronounced deep in your throat.
The "ch" is a velar fricative, pronounced between the roof of the tongue and the velum (also called "soft palate"). Completely different places of articulation and different sounds (at least to me, but that's because I study languages and their phonology, so I _need_ to know my shit).
Take the IPA chart and locate these sounds:
www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-sounds/ipa-chart-with-sounds/
The "ch" sound is marked as /x/ in the "velar" column of this chart, while the "h" sound is marked as /h/ in the "glottal" column.
Bon Bon You're the one who doesn't read MY replies carefully, the first sentence was about the "u" and "ó" "sounds". I am not denying that there are some, although few, speakers, especially in Eastern Poland, that have preserved the different articulation of "h" and "ch" and that your family may be an example of that and that is the way you have learned it, I'm just telling you that you CAN'T be able to actually distinguish these sounds when it comes to the majority of speakers, including me, who pronounce those sounds identically. And as I have already said, the difference between "u" and "ó" is not preserved anywhere as far as I know, if you can distinguish them, maybe you are some kind of time traveller or your parents are REALLY old xD
is your accent irish? cheers on the great video, really helped me remove the rust and dust on me phonetics knowledge.
"Labiodental" sounds like some weird sexual thing, honestly.
+Kinkzoz Well vaginas have lips too.
Why are you cringing like that?
Ben Ramsey I don't think "cringing" is the word you're looking for.
post #617166
vomiting?
Ben Ramsey you're going in the completely wrong direction
post #617166
salivating
I think someone screwed up. I don't put my tongue where you say I should to do. The sides of my tongue are pressed against the the sides of that bone plate. Or does it not matter so long as the tongue touches that ridge?
3:19 "We have 2 Velar sounds: [k] as in king, and [ɡ] as in garden."
ŋ: "Am I a joke to you?"
2:10 I'm a bit confused about [r], I don't say it in the same place as all the others, I say it slightly further back. I use my teeth in a similar way to [w] being Bilabial (Bidental? Is that even possible?) and Palatal, but using the tip of my tongue rather than the body.
There are other Places of Articulation, but they're much more rare and thus're part of the Extended IPA. Such an example could be Bidental.
there's a second place that epiglottal sounds are made: the Simpson house in Springfield, made by Bart when Homer grabs his neck
You forgot the voiceless palatial fricative in words like hue and human
I do my L as a dental and my R as post alveolar.
I also can't do the alveolar trill. Not normally, at least. My tongue curls to the front of the palate when I try.
.....ah I see, on the chart all those sounds are listed in ranges and I'm within the range, just out of center.
some dialects of english have a retroflex sound, actually, with the alveolar approximant being retroflex
δροσερός
If I’m not mistaken, some dutch dialects use pharingials as well.
Recently, I was practicing the rolled r sound and learning it for the first time (I’m an American and to the best of my knowledge, I don’t have this sound in my language or accent). I am learning Ukrainian, in which they roll the r, and the h (a little bit)
Anyway, my little brother came up to me and asked if I was alright. At which i said, of course I was. I asked why he thought I wasn’t.
At which he infamously responded, “well, I heard you demon chanting in the dining room, so I was just checking.”
Needless to say, I doubled over with laughter.
Now I'm curious--do beatboxers use ipa in sheet music? Or just letters?
pharyngeal consonants are SO EASY!D
are there any languages out there with both the rolled alveolar trill r and the french-style uvular trill r?
Joel phoible.org/inventories/view/47#tipa
phoible.org/inventories/view/50#tipa
phoible.org/inventories/view/90#tipa
A few more as well. Rare though.
My dialect of Spanish has those pharyngeal sounds
PR
It's so interesting to me that I don't pronounce everything in the exact same place. I am a native German speaker but I am fluent in English. The English "r" as in "read" I produce further back, as post alveolar or even retroflex. But *sh*are and vi*s*ion I produce more alveolar