It is official - I have deemed "Space Bites" my favorite Fraser C. related content - I read the e-mail also, but it is harder to read than listening to the show while I work .. Good stuff Fraser, thank you for the content :) .
I tried to explain last week's IMBH story to my sister and I said 'supermassive hack bowl' by mistake. I will never be forgiven. My niece says she's gonna tell all her school friends that matter can't escape the centre of the galaxy because it's in the bowl. The supermassive hack bowl.
Lava tubes mapped! I'm so excited by every bit of progress here. I can barely wait to see some interiors from future missions. Plus super cool Martian rocks. Happy day.
Thanks for replying. I would rather have solar system research money use on machines like the moon and Martian rovers, space telescopes and other automated observatories instead of on humans in space. Advances in AI will make these machines even more adept than they are now. The more we learn about our solar system, the more prepared we will be should there be reasons for humans to accompany these machines on their journeys. A major emphasis should be the detection and tracking of near-earth asteroids and comets, not simply for protection, but as possible sources of metals. I doubt that science-fiction will become real any time soon, and I fear humans in space now is wasting time.
Turning this lava tube entrance into a habitat:: Create landing pad/runway outside, place solar arrays all around with cables running under the regolith and down the hole, place elevator and stairs down and then put a pressure dome over the entrance, barricade both ends of the lava tube internally, pressurize the space and fill it with a breathable atmosphere, drill into the wall and install a nuclear plant as a backup power source, construct habitat modules inside. The walls of course would have to be tested for stability and shored up as needed.
Good idea, however, soil and stone gas permeability would be the first thing to establish. This would give some protection from asteroids, which are a primary concern to moon structures. One of these massive tubules might be an ideal location for an inflatable membrane facility. (And with fractional gravity, stairs seem sufficient for access.)
Not even as sexy as that! Did you not watch how they discovered and isolated graphene? Every line you make on a piece of paper with pencil is graphene...
@@Dranok1 graphite kinda is loosely stacked layers of graphene, but graphene has special properties when isolated that make it very different from graphite.
Hurrah for Gaia being fixed...and improved! I've been absolutely fascinated by the stuff Gaia has been showing us. (Re Mercury- whatever about Iron, or gold, or platinum, being worth fetching, diamonds would never be worth it, as the only reason they retain their value, is that De Beers buys up the absolute glut of diamonds in the world and only sells a few of them. Shatter the scarcity illusion and the hardest thing about diamonds, would be trying to sell them.
@@kruleworld There are four times as many Chinese citizens, in a similar sized land mass to the US. A per-capita map, would look quite differently. Also China is powering the lion's share of the energy transition. Like everyone else, they need to do more and faster, but they added more solar and wind last year, then the US has built in its entire history despite being the greatest polluter the world has ever known .The favourite to win the next election, wants to reverse the little progress they've made.
The current focus on Carbon Dioxide emissions is ridiculous, when the Earth has had nearly 10 times the current levels and survived just fine. Methane (CH4), and nitrous Oxide (N2O) have a bigger impact on the climate than CO2 but get ignored by the mainstream.
@@kruleworld What's scary about CO2??? It just indicates where there will be better and healthier plant growth. It's inert and very scarce gas with only trace concentration of 0.04%. Only complete moron can belive it has any effect on climate because to do that it would have to have effect on weather first. As for the fearporn the death cult is spreading about "Venus" runaway effect - The stoned moron that came up with the speculation was the ignoramus Sagan because he didn't understood ratios of gasses and their thermal capacity, basic physical principles and how pressure and distance to heat-source affects temperature (higher pressure = higher temperature, low pressure = low temperature. This is observable on earth and it's fundamental principle for making forecasts on earth. High atmospheric pressure and much closer proximity to sun is why Venus is hot and low atmospheric pressure and larger proximity to sun is why Mars so cold despite having atmosphere made practically only out of CO2. If the doomsday cult of climate change delusions were correct Mars would be like sauna... Don't believe soyence, scientific method was invented for a reason
"On March 25, 2021, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory announced that Apophis has no chance of impacting Earth in the next 100 years." It's not just negligible or infinitesimally small, it's zero, nada, none.
btw: that lunar radar penetrates deep because the regolith has no liquid water...it's not like ground penetrating radar on Earth, which is far more limited in range
Fraser Cain...While watching Gaia video, I stepped away from my desk for a bit to keep listening w/ some multi-tasking. I had this sudden flashback hit me. I was walking my yellow Lab after a misty rain; enough to make small puddles, & leave the wonderful smell after a nice rain. We still had our +20-yr drought in the West side of Los Angeles, so it was appreciated & welcomed. I was listening to your actual podcast (no video) walking my Lab w/ the lovely sounding voice of your podcast partner-Astronomer-professor. Her name escapes me, but her relaxing, soothing voice made her one of my favorite persons to listen & decompress as we walked.... on my slim, little iPOD NANO! I still have it today, in perfect working condition. This amazed me. Amateur astronomy, wonderful long walks through my quiet neighborhood, w/ my best companion by my side as we traveled through the Universe w/ you both via my iPod Nano! And some of us are still here to continue various versions of what started those 20 yrs ago. Like the Paul Simon song goes, "Still crazy after all these years..."
Not wanting to disappoint you but... most of the "wonderful smell after ... rain" is excretions from bacteria in the soil. They are having a growth party and laughing at us for thinking it's nice.
@@LTV_inc AHHHHH-HHHHAAAA!! Thank you for making my day. I've never been t rolled like this before. It's so funny, I almost pee'd my pants. Where you always this brilliant? Your parents must be so proud of your accomplishments. All those tens of thousands of dollars in tuition look like they went to excellent use. Did your mom (if you know who she is) work extra jobs to pay tuition? University is SO expensive these days. I can tell how smart you must be by your extensive vocabulary. And if you're still reading this, you must be a bigger fool than I thought! LOL!😆Have a great day! I hope you find out who your real mother was. I heard she was a real mother. Ciao for now, Einstein!
“Significantly, these [reduction spheroids] are likely the only biosignatures for subsurface microbial life that you could see with your eye-or the cameras on our rover,” says David Flannery, an astrobiologist and member of the Perseverance science team at Australia’s Queensland University of Technology. But because these structures can also arise from purely abiotic processes, they can’t solely constitute iron-clad evidence for past life-especially when they’re being remotely studied by a robot on an alien world located millions upon millions of kilometers away. Even on Earth, Flannery says, “there is surprisingly little work on [reduction spheroids], in part because it’s so hard to understand these things.”
I feel your pain about missing the auroras... I did get to see them a couple hours past peak time. I'm just so used to the news of solar storms in my feed being greatly exaggerated.
Mercury would probably have gemstones way rarer than diamonds. Radiation sometimes changes the structure and/or composition of crystals and gives them unique properties. Solar radiation on Mercury being so extreme would've created some one-of-a-kind minerals available nowhere else in the solar system. Now *those* would be cost effective to bring back :)
The thing about the Apophis asteroid that is a little worrying, but isn't talked about, is that its close pass will put it inside our spacejunk zone. Unlikely to hit something, true, but any hits could theoretically skew the orbit in a negative fashion to make those future focasts of its orbit useless.
How about no other creatures, since we are the only ones that can even have thoughts like that. Its not a very impressie thought, but still way beyond what any other lifeform that we know of can have. And about the possibility of ones we dont know of? Whats the implication of them thinking the same way? Nothing really, if they can dream about settling other planets/moons it would be the equivalent of a 3 year old child going "moon tunnel protec", cute, but nothing special. I guess its like the saying goes, "Big minds, big ideas, small minds,..." Or it doesnt take much to impress a child. Done ranting 😄
This is always the first thing I think about when I hear about plans for super high speed space travel, one tiny micrometeorite on your path and your light speed travels are instantly over.
Any chance that the mass of Apophis is great enough to affect the orbit of those geostationary satellites (or even come close enough to collide with one)?
There is no way to reach the bottom of a pit (that leads to a lava tube) by a rover or by a spot landing of a lander (that causes a communication breakdown with ground control on Earth). We'd need a lava tube with horizontal entrance on the surface instead.
SO about 25% of the US then? Given that the US is metric in almost all major industries and sciences. The only holdout being the construction industry (and the moderately older general public).
I live in North Florida. The day after the Aurora's were EVERYWHERE I saw a 100 pictures posted on FaceBook, of the Sun setting. We have beautiful sunsets here, always have. There's dust from the Sahara desert suspended in the atmosphere. It adds that extra something, namely pink. It adds pink. I tried asking how many Aurora pictures or videos these posters had seen with the sun in them. I didn't get any answers. I went out in the middle of the night for an hour or so. Didn't see the Aurora either. But everyone else here did and they know what they saw. It just looked exactly like a normal pretty Florida Sunset.
It's a meteor always, no matter the size. It's only a meteorite, after making contact with a planetary surface. At least that's what I remember the distinction was. That satellite was hit by a micro-meteor.
It may yet be profitable to mine diamond on Mercury in the future, not for jewelry, but rather as a construction material for windows and lenses. It may become more economically viable in the future to "quarry" diamond there than to try to produce it artificially in bulk.
Ancient homosapians would be proud to know that tens of thousands of years later, taking refuge underground is still a good idea. They would be happy to know that their descendants are willing to continue the tradition.
in regards to medications expiring, we are hypersensitive to changes in effectiveness of medications here in the "west" but those meds will work just fine LONG past their expiration dates. how long depends on storage conditions and which medications are being discussed. each drug has different potency changes over time and those can be tracked in a lab in situ if needed. i just went and read your article on it as well as the associated paper, the paper is pretty useless for anything other than warning it should be looked at further (which is important and i do agree with) since it didnt contain data about actual testing of medications after their expiration dates either on the iss or when flown back down and is just looking at shelf life data and already known terrestrial degradation. i caution against much worry about expiration dates, your meds are fine and theirs will be too....probably, but we should be sure. as for why im anyone to listen to, i worked in a pharmacy for many years and was training to get my doctorate of pharmacy before like intervened and killed my chance to continue school or work anymore.
@@frasercain that is testable in a lab using a liquid or gas chromatograph which would be a piece of equipment you would expect as part of a mission to mars regardless of needing it for testing drug potency. we know how degraded drugs get on earth if kept in ideal conditions, but it should be tested on the iss if it has not been. knowing if you need to keep them in a specially shielded container or if they must be kept under gravity on long missions is pretty important info it doesn't seem like we have currently. the only questions i would have would be if they use these machines on the iss already or if they need gravity to work (that was never covered in school =p ), and if so would mars or moon gravity be enough or would you need to create workarounds.
Great video Frazier right to the point not long and drawn out I'm 65 years old retired I don't have a lot of time for long videos great content see you later
I didn't see the auroras, I was asleep, was told they would be out again the next night, but didn't see any and heard later they were only visible to cameras, which seems wrong. Anyway, annoyed Australian in the same boat as you.
the annoying secret is those colorful auroras they always show are mostly only visible with cameras, otherwise they are grayish whispy clouds to the visible eye.
Hi Fraser, i think you forgot to mention that the Gaia mission will come to an end early next year anyway. You learned that in your recent interview ! thanks for doing great stuff !
At 4 minutes and 59 seconds please tell me I am not the only one that just sat there and watched Jack Nicholson's Frozen corpse flash on my screen for at least three frames please somebody tell me I didn't just have that in my head,,,,
re - Apophis There's a First-Person Shooter game based on what the earth would look like if you froze someone from the world before Apophis crashed into it and they were unfrozen into the new world order of a post apophis impact Its' not bad
Question for the question show. Ive seen a few reports about deep ocean rocks producing o2 recently. If this checks out what are your thoughts about the implications. Will Our previous understanding of o2 on an earth like planet being indications of plant life need to be tossed out?
Lucy ( no Mercury ) in the sky with diamonds. 💎 Although interesting, I still can't visualize robotic space mining companies on Mercury since we can produce diamonds on the manufacturing floor.
If it was compacted enough to form the density of diamond, would it be a huge mass, (not convenient little crystals to put in a "lunch box")? Being one of the hardest known minerals, how would it be broken up? Imagine a sheet of thick ice, but being made of compressd Carbon. Diamond encrusted drills/saws would have little effect. Lasers would bounce around in unpredictable ways...
You probably heard this, but "Jezero" is literally a word for "lake" in Croatian/ex Yugoslavian languages. And Neretva is a river in Bosnia and Croatia.
Hi Fraser, what do you think the chances are that Mercury might be a remnant of a hot jupiter or neptune considering the amount of carbon under the surface?
13:39 I very SERIOUSLY DOUBT that any spacecraft from Earth is anywhere even CLOSE to being near/above the Galactic plane. Perhaps you mean the solar plane??? Craft sent north or south perpendicular to Earth's orbit?
Imagine how much a wedding ring with real diamond from Mercury would be worth, especially when factoring in the cost of the mission to extract the diamond 💸
I have Gaia DR3 loaded into Cartes du Ciel astronomy software down to magnitude 21. I still need a catalog for the stars brighter than Gaia can safely image, but no other star catalogs are necessary! I can't wait for DR5 either.
@@frasercain There are 4 files binned by magnitude and they increase in size as the magnitude rises to +21. gaia1 0.113 GB gaia 2 1.3 GB gaia3 10.2 GB gaia4 47.9 GB total 59.513 GB
@@frasercain Google-fu to Cartes du Ciel, download the beta version. in the catalog section of the main menu you can load the GAIA dr3 from the menu. Enjoy! They have a Hipparcos catalog with GAIA stars excised so you can have the stars too bright for GAIA to safely study (like Polaris and Betelgeuse!)
That exo super Jupitor is really interesting. Why is it cold. A planet that size should be generating considerable heat just by compressing its atmosphere, like a super Venus. Looking forward to more on this planet.
without a scifi tier energy shield enveloping our crafts or some unobtanium hull, I can't see high speed travel (as you'd need for interstellar) being viable at all
The problem is if you could bring diamonds back from Mercury, the price of diamonds (which is only kept high by restrictive trade practice) would collapse snd you would end up with a load of crystalline carbon costing as much as pencil lead. That's market forces for you.
Closer to the center of the galaxy, where there's starts so close together, would "space" still be dark? Or would there be ambient light even on a planet turned away from the sun?
Question. When I light a candle are the photons emitted new photons created by that light source or just a different phase of something else? I would guess both.
I wonder about gamma rays & x-rays that we observe in near-earth orbits. Assuming that their radiation is subject to red-shift, what wavelength would they have at the source?
Hey Fraser, wouldn't it be a great idea to make a video to compile all major findings from Gaia's observations. Like JWST, we can't do it year by year so it can be by each data release. Let me know your thoughts.
Power and might on full display, Etna is like, who is the boss...ME What a huge show of force. I have been a volcano watcher for a number of years. I remember usually there would be 60-67 volcanos between erupting and on orange, alerting of erupting. At least half or more of which were usually on alert. I just checked, and the total is 96. 34 erupting and 62 on alert. Do these high numbers have anything to do with the barrage of incoming CME's and solar flares. Thanks for your time,updates, and your opinion on this
Can you put rubber on the inside of a spacecraft to help against micro meteorites ?? Will the cold temps make it brittle ? Airplane gas tanks are lined with rubber to prevent fuel leakage if hit.
Diamonds by the ton ! But it was me tuned in a ufologist meeting that it was determined aliens visit planets and other objects first gold . It was used as answer of why they visit . I found it interesting aliens enjoy concerts , but then why wouldn’t they ?
Where can I find the data sets for those visuals? How much are they intensifying the colors to make it appear like extreme emissions or are they dimming the colors to make it appear less than it actually is. Just coloring the emissions and showing a fancy graphic doesn't tell the story in its actuality at all and can be misconstrued without additional information. Take James webb pictures in context, they are not in the visual spectrum and the colors are digitized to create a picture that we can see with our eyes, but in the visual spectrum, those pictures would be mostly dark with bright starlight and basically nothing else.
Diamonds are only valuable because the supply is tightly controlled and because of good marketing. They're not uncommon on Earth even without extraterrestrial sources crashing the price. What would be useful one day is sources of truly rare and industrially valuable minerals like lithium
But what happens if you subtract all the known types of objects from the visible light background, will all the remaining pixels be zero brightness? Are all pixels already occupied by at least one known type of object?
Mars, our neighboring planet, has long been a focal point of scientific curiosity. Recent discoveries suggest that Mars once had conditions that could support life, including evidence of liquid water, a more substantial atmosphere, and a climate conducive to biological processes. These findings have fueled speculation about the possibility of past life on Mars and the potential for discovering microbial life today 🥰🥰😘😘
"There's now no threat from Apophis for centuries." All thanks to SG-1!
Indeed O'neal
@@jonnylightbody301 "O'Neill, with two L's"
I so love that the asteroid was named Apophis because the astronomers were fans of the show ;)
It is official - I have deemed "Space Bites" my favorite Fraser C. related content - I read the e-mail also, but it is harder to read than listening to the show while I work .. Good stuff Fraser, thank you for the content :) .
I tried to explain last week's IMBH story to my sister and I said 'supermassive hack bowl' by mistake. I will never be forgiven. My niece says she's gonna tell all her school friends that matter can't escape the centre of the galaxy because it's in the bowl. The supermassive hack bowl.
I know this feeling. I think my kids still giggle at mistakes I've made in the past.
That's a big bowl...
Lava tubes mapped! I'm so excited by every bit of progress here. I can barely wait to see some interiors from future missions.
Plus super cool Martian rocks. Happy day.
What can people do that these machines cannot? What would be the purpose?
@@andywomack3414 Good question. My opinion: soon, not a lot. Right now, way more advanced decision making in novel situations.
Thanks for replying.
I would rather have solar system research money use on machines like the moon and Martian rovers, space telescopes and other automated observatories instead of on humans in space. Advances in AI will make these machines even more adept than they are now. The more we learn about our solar system, the more prepared we will be should there be reasons for humans to accompany these machines on their journeys.
A major emphasis should be the detection and tracking of near-earth asteroids and comets, not simply for protection, but as possible sources of metals.
I doubt that science-fiction will become real any time soon, and I fear humans in space now is wasting time.
@@andywomack3414 I totally agree. AI and robotics should be how we spend our money on exploring the solar system. We'll accomplish so much more.
@@EmergentStardust And more prepared if or when.
Turning this lava tube entrance into a habitat:: Create landing pad/runway outside, place solar arrays all around with cables running under the regolith and down the hole, place elevator and stairs down and then put a pressure dome over the entrance, barricade both ends of the lava tube internally, pressurize the space and fill it with a breathable atmosphere, drill into the wall and install a nuclear plant as a backup power source, construct habitat modules inside. The walls of course would have to be tested for stability and shored up as needed.
I wonder if Elon can convert one of his starships into an underground boring drill.
Good idea, however, soil and stone gas permeability would be the first thing to establish. This would give some protection from asteroids, which are a primary concern to moon structures. One of these massive tubules might be an ideal location for an inflatable membrane facility. (And with fractional gravity, stairs seem sufficient for access.)
11:15 - Graphite is pencil lead, graphene is the "new" space-age wonder-material.
Not even as sexy as that! Did you not watch how they discovered and isolated graphene? Every line you make on a piece of paper with pencil is graphene...
@@Dranok1 graphite kinda is loosely stacked layers of graphene, but graphene has special properties when isolated that make it very different from graphite.
Hurrah for Gaia being fixed...and improved! I've been absolutely fascinated by the stuff Gaia has been showing us. (Re Mercury- whatever about Iron, or gold, or platinum, being worth fetching, diamonds would never be worth it, as the only reason they retain their value, is that De Beers buys up the absolute glut of diamonds in the world and only sells a few of them. Shatter the scarcity illusion and the hardest thing about diamonds, would be trying to sell them.
Diamonds are a scam. One of the most plentiful of the precious stones by a huge margin.
The Carbon Emissions video was really cool to see
@@kruleworld yeah, maybe "cool" not quite the right word
@@kruleworld There are four times as many Chinese citizens, in a similar sized land mass to the US. A per-capita map, would look quite differently. Also China is powering the lion's share of the energy transition. Like everyone else, they need to do more and faster, but they added more solar and wind last year, then the US has built in its entire history despite being the greatest polluter the world has ever known .The favourite to win the next election, wants to reverse the little progress they've made.
They foist the CO2 alarmism scheme on the rest of the world knowing it gives them time to dominate the rest.
The current focus on Carbon Dioxide emissions is ridiculous, when the Earth has had nearly 10 times the current levels and survived just fine. Methane (CH4), and nitrous Oxide (N2O) have a bigger impact on the climate than CO2 but get ignored by the mainstream.
@@kruleworld What's scary about CO2??? It just indicates where there will be better and healthier plant growth. It's inert and very scarce gas with only trace concentration of 0.04%. Only complete moron can belive it has any effect on climate because to do that it would have to have effect on weather first.
As for the fearporn the death cult is spreading about "Venus" runaway effect - The stoned moron that came up with the speculation was the ignoramus Sagan because he didn't understood ratios of gasses and their thermal capacity, basic physical principles and how pressure and distance to heat-source affects temperature (higher pressure = higher temperature, low pressure = low temperature. This is observable on earth and it's fundamental principle for making forecasts on earth. High atmospheric pressure and much closer proximity to sun is why Venus is hot and low atmospheric pressure and larger proximity to sun is why Mars so cold despite having atmosphere made practically only out of CO2. If the doomsday cult of climate change delusions were correct Mars would be like sauna... Don't believe soyence, scientific method was invented for a reason
[VIPER Rover] "No disassemble!"
it will be less expensive and easier to build on flat ground and then cover it with regolith .
”no threat from Apophis”
Yeah right, that’s what senator Kinsey said back in the day.
;)
"On March 25, 2021, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory announced that Apophis has no chance of impacting Earth in the next 100 years." It's not just negligible or infinitesimally small, it's zero, nada, none.
>BryanM61 : But did Teal'c and Stargate Command concur with JPL's and Kinsey's assessments?
@@brothermine2292 Lemme check with Teal. I've got his intergalactic cell number around here somewhere...
@BryanM61 you clearly missed the Stargate kindsey reference. 😢
I'd put my trust in Stargate Command.
I'm excited about those sulfur crystals.
pretty yes, but not a matrix for the occlusion of life....or rather it's evidence of...
btw: that lunar radar penetrates deep because the regolith has no liquid water...it's not like ground penetrating radar on Earth, which is far more limited in range
The Chinese rover was able to scan down about 100 meters on the Moon through the regolith.
Okay that's a good pun you nailed the cool rock and the shining joke. It actually made me laugh
That's all Anton. :-)
@@frasercain he deserves a raise. I laughed too hard at that. Hey Anton good on ya bro!
@@frasercainAnton as in Anton Petrov? You are not telling me that absolute beast is also writing content for you. I mean, that would be insane😂
No, different Anton. He does the video editing.
I caught 4:57. There was another?
I love your channel. Thank you for all the hard work.
They should land a tracking beacon/echo repeater on Apohis. Something that would allow precise location tracking.
Fraser Cain...While watching Gaia video, I stepped away from my desk for a bit to keep listening w/ some multi-tasking. I had this sudden flashback hit me. I was walking my yellow Lab after a misty rain; enough to make small puddles, & leave the wonderful smell after a nice rain. We still had our +20-yr drought in the West side of Los Angeles, so it was appreciated & welcomed. I was listening to your actual podcast (no video) walking my Lab w/ the lovely sounding voice of your podcast partner-Astronomer-professor. Her name escapes me, but her relaxing, soothing voice made her one of my favorite persons to listen & decompress as we walked.... on my slim, little iPOD NANO! I still have it today, in perfect working condition. This amazed me. Amateur astronomy, wonderful long walks through my quiet neighborhood, w/ my best companion by my side as we traveled through the Universe w/ you both via my iPod Nano! And some of us are still here to continue various versions of what started those 20 yrs ago. Like the Paul Simon song goes, "Still crazy after all these years..."
There is no 20+ year drought in your area.
Not wanting to disappoint you but... most of the "wonderful smell after ... rain" is excretions from bacteria in the soil. They are having a growth party and laughing at us for thinking it's nice.
@@LTV_inc AHHHHH-HHHHAAAA!! Thank you for making my day. I've never been t rolled like this before. It's so funny, I almost pee'd my pants. Where you always this brilliant? Your parents must be so proud of your accomplishments. All those tens of thousands of dollars in tuition look like they went to excellent use. Did your mom (if you know who she is) work extra jobs to pay tuition? University is SO expensive these days. I can tell how smart you must be by your extensive vocabulary. And if you're still reading this, you must be a bigger fool than I thought! LOL!😆Have a great day! I hope you find out who your real mother was. I heard she was a real mother. Ciao for now, Einstein!
@@davids1inwestholl45 I live in Ca. We’re out of the drought state wide. It wasn’t 20 years. As for the rest of your nonsense seek counseling…😋
“Significantly, these [reduction spheroids] are likely the only biosignatures for subsurface microbial life that you could see with your eye-or the cameras on our rover,” says David Flannery, an astrobiologist and member of the Perseverance science team at Australia’s Queensland University of Technology. But because these structures can also arise from purely abiotic processes, they can’t solely constitute iron-clad evidence for past life-especially when they’re being remotely studied by a robot on an alien world located millions upon millions of kilometers away. Even on Earth, Flannery says, “there is surprisingly little work on [reduction spheroids], in part because it’s so hard to understand these things.”
I feel your pain about missing the auroras... I did get to see them a couple hours past peak time. I'm just so used to the news of solar storms in my feed being greatly exaggerated.
Mercury would probably have gemstones way rarer than diamonds. Radiation sometimes changes the structure and/or composition of crystals and gives them unique properties. Solar radiation on Mercury being so extreme would've created some one-of-a-kind minerals available nowhere else in the solar system. Now *those* would be cost effective to bring back :)
The thing about the Apophis asteroid that is a little worrying, but isn't talked about, is that its close pass will put it inside our spacejunk zone. Unlikely to hit something, true, but any hits could theoretically skew the orbit in a negative fashion to make those future focasts of its orbit useless.
Ya gotta remember, if we figured out that we would be protected in one of those lava tubes, how many other creatures have figured that out too?
How about no other creatures, since we are the only ones that can even have thoughts like that.
Its not a very impressie thought, but still way beyond what any other lifeform that we know of can have.
And about the possibility of ones we dont know of? Whats the implication of them thinking the same way?
Nothing really, if they can dream about settling other planets/moons it would be the equivalent of a 3 year old child going "moon tunnel protec", cute, but nothing special.
I guess its like the saying goes, "Big minds, big ideas, small minds,..."
Or it doesnt take much to impress a child.
Done ranting 😄
That's just false, there's lots of animals here on earth that use the environment of their surrounding to their advantage. @@tott598
@@tott598didn’t get the Star Wars reference?
@@Cooper_42 I've read the OG comment again and see no SW reference in there. I've been a fan since I queued up to watch it at the cinema in 1977.
@@Thurgosh_OG Empire Strikes Back reference, I think.
This is always the first thing I think about when I hear about plans for super high speed space travel, one tiny micrometeorite on your path and your light speed travels are instantly over.
Wow! great video! Really informative and interesting, thank you for putting it together for our viewing pleasure.
Any chance that the mass of Apophis is great enough to affect the orbit of those geostationary satellites (or even come close enough to collide with one)?
There is no way to reach the bottom of a pit (that leads to a lava tube) by a rover or by a spot landing of a lander (that causes a communication breakdown with ground control on Earth). We'd need a lava tube with horizontal entrance on the surface instead.
Some have been found, where you could drive into the lava tube entrance from the side.
@@frasercain And that's the only way to go - to install inflatable modules protected from micrometeorites and space radiation.
Or just throw a mini-rover attached to a tether, and then reel it back in when it's time to go look into the next hole.
Exo Jupiter sounds like a great band name.
Thanks for all the news, Fraser! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
How much of the Cosmic Optical Background is red-shifted former x-rays?
Great report, thanks!
4:58 Jack has a ice cream headache...
Too much Rock music?
FOR NON-METRIC VIEWERS, geo-stationary orbit is 23,000-ish miles
SO about 25% of the US then? Given that the US is metric in almost all major industries and sciences. The only holdout being the construction industry (and the moderately older general public).
@@Thurgosh_OG ...and the airline industry.
@@Thurgosh_OG Have you been to a lumber yard lately? What's a 2×4 in metric?
@@Thurgosh_OG I take it you don't drive much? Since speed limits are in miles-per-hour and distances are specified in miles?
@@Thurgosh_OG How many kpl does your car get? Mine gets about 35mpg at 55mph.
The use of scientific units is highly appreciated. A true scientific approach is demonstrated through attention to such details. 🙏🏿🙏🏿👍🏿
I'm hooked on this new game, Carbon Crush. pew pew
I live in North Florida. The day after the Aurora's were EVERYWHERE I saw a 100 pictures posted on FaceBook, of the Sun setting. We have beautiful sunsets here, always have. There's dust from the Sahara desert suspended in the atmosphere. It adds that extra something, namely pink. It adds pink. I tried asking how many Aurora pictures or videos these posters had seen with the sun in them. I didn't get any answers. I went out in the middle of the night for an hour or so. Didn't see the Aurora either. But everyone else here did and they know what they saw. It just looked exactly like a normal pretty Florida Sunset.
It's a meteor always, no matter the size. It's only a meteorite, after making contact with a planetary surface. At least that's what I remember the distinction was. That satellite was hit by a micro-meteor.
It may yet be profitable to mine diamond on Mercury in the future, not for jewelry, but rather as a construction material for windows and lenses. It may become more economically viable in the future to "quarry" diamond there than to try to produce it artificially in bulk.
Ancient homosapians would be proud to know that tens of thousands of years later, taking refuge underground is still a good idea. They would be happy to know that their descendants are willing to continue the tradition.
Whew, first story was a roller coaster!
"REALY COOL ROCK" got me so good!
in regards to medications expiring, we are hypersensitive to changes in effectiveness of medications here in the "west" but those meds will work just fine LONG past their expiration dates. how long depends on storage conditions and which medications are being discussed. each drug has different potency changes over time and those can be tracked in a lab in situ if needed.
i just went and read your article on it as well as the associated paper, the paper is pretty useless for anything other than warning it should be looked at further (which is important and i do agree with) since it didnt contain data about actual testing of medications after their expiration dates either on the iss or when flown back down and is just looking at shelf life data and already known terrestrial degradation. i caution against much worry about expiration dates, your meds are fine and theirs will be too....probably, but we should be sure.
as for why im anyone to listen to, i worked in a pharmacy for many years and was training to get my doctorate of pharmacy before like intervened and killed my chance to continue school or work anymore.
The issue is knowing what the right dose is. You know it's less effective, but not how degraded.
@@frasercain that is testable in a lab using a liquid or gas chromatograph which would be a piece of equipment you would expect as part of a mission to mars regardless of needing it for testing drug potency.
we know how degraded drugs get on earth if kept in ideal conditions, but it should be tested on the iss if it has not been. knowing if you need to keep them in a specially shielded container or if they must be kept under gravity on long missions is pretty important info it doesn't seem like we have currently.
the only questions i would have would be if they use these machines on the iss already or if they need gravity to work (that was never covered in school =p ), and if so would mars or moon gravity be enough or would you need to create workarounds.
16:40 that CO2 animation is incredible, I couldn't help but notice the bits of China that didn't change, just constant orange...
Apparently they have several abandoned coal mines that have been burning for a couple of decades now.
Great video Frazier right to the point not long and drawn out I'm 65 years old retired I don't have a lot of time for long videos great content see you later
Amazing insight my friend
I didn't see the auroras, I was asleep, was told they would be out again the next night, but didn't see any and heard later they were only visible to cameras, which seems wrong.
Anyway, annoyed Australian in the same boat as you.
the annoying secret is those colorful auroras they always show are mostly only visible with cameras, otherwise they are grayish whispy clouds to the visible eye.
Maybe a private company can buy that old telescope now and make a real budget for it.😊
Ah ill work lava tube, just get me there, Elon, Nasa:)
Hi Fraser, i think you forgot to mention that the Gaia mission will come to an end early next year anyway. You learned that in your recent interview ! thanks for doing great stuff !
ESA's Apophis rendezvous a month before the flyby sounds great. What could possibly go wrong?
In order to match it's speed, I'm guessing that they'll do a sling shot around Earth.
Hey Fraser.. I didn't know you were into video subliminal messages? I just saw a still frame of metallica go by ha!
At 4 minutes and 59 seconds please tell me I am not the only one that just sat there and watched Jack Nicholson's Frozen corpse flash on my screen for at least three frames please somebody tell me I didn't just have that in my head,,,,
re - Apophis
There's a First-Person Shooter game based on what the earth would look like if you froze someone from the world before Apophis crashed into it and they were unfrozen into the new world order of a post apophis impact
Its' not bad
@@Raz.C You’re probably thinking of Rage from iD Software back in 2011.
Question for the question show. Ive seen a few reports about deep ocean rocks producing o2 recently. If this checks out what are your thoughts about the implications. Will Our previous understanding of o2 on an earth like planet being indications of plant life need to be tossed out?
Another Great episode. Thanks!
Imagining a little bug crawling out from that Mars rock,. but the rover too busy taking selfies to notice.
If sun was a rogue star and earth rotated around it, how different would night sky look like and how different would be our life on earth ?
Probably lots fewer pretty twinkling lights in the night sky?
Lucy ( no Mercury ) in the sky with diamonds. 💎 Although interesting, I still can't visualize robotic space mining companies on Mercury since we can produce diamonds on the manufacturing floor.
Hah, yep.
If it was compacted enough to form the density of diamond, would it be a huge mass,
(not convenient little crystals to put in a "lunch box")?
Being one of the hardest known minerals, how would it be broken up?
Imagine a sheet of thick ice, but being made of compressd Carbon.
Diamond encrusted drills/saws would have little effect.
Lasers would bounce around in unpredictable ways...
@@stpfs9281 - Other diamonds in contact with their nearest neighbors can break them into ever smaller ones.
What if a tiny insignificant tug from the space probe brings Apophis back to hit earth a long time in the future?
You probably heard this, but "Jezero" is literally a word for "lake" in Croatian/ex Yugoslavian languages. And Neretva is a river in Bosnia and Croatia.
Please, put the link of the carbon emission video here! Thanks!
It's in the show notes
@@frasercain thank you!
Hi Fraser, what do you think the chances are that Mercury might be a remnant of a hot jupiter or neptune considering the amount of carbon under the surface?
If CO2 scares you then a rubber room is where you should live.
I think if there were any kinds of life on another planet, we wouldn’t be surprised and blame the government for keeping it a secret
Lava tubes, left over from the old Lunar Lavatory system. Just need to get a plumber in to turn the water back on.
13:39 I very SERIOUSLY DOUBT that any spacecraft from Earth is anywhere even CLOSE to being near/above the Galactic plane. Perhaps you mean the solar plane??? Craft sent north or south perpendicular to Earth's orbit?
Theres something somewhat poetic about us originating from lava tubes and then finding that the best place to start elsewhere is a lava tube
"Back to basics"?
1:28 im the same i missed the auroras everyone else see it in my town i checked constantly
Imagine how much a wedding ring with real diamond from Mercury would be worth, especially when factoring in the cost of the mission to extract the diamond 💸
I have Gaia DR3 loaded into Cartes du Ciel astronomy software down to magnitude 21. I still need a catalog for the stars brighter than Gaia can safely image, but no other star catalogs are necessary! I can't wait for DR5 either.
Oh wow, that's amazing. How big were the files?
@@frasercain There are 4 files binned by magnitude and they increase in size as the magnitude rises to +21.
gaia1 0.113 GB
gaia 2 1.3 GB
gaia3 10.2 GB
gaia4 47.9 GB
total 59.513 GB
@@frasercain Google-fu to Cartes du Ciel, download the beta version. in the catalog section of the main menu you can load the GAIA dr3 from the menu. Enjoy! They have a Hipparcos catalog with GAIA stars excised so you can have the stars too bright for GAIA to safely study (like Polaris and Betelgeuse!)
The Meteor Apopthis, can we attach a satellite to it with powerful cameras to look into space and our own solar system that would be so cool.😮😊
"Move to space!"
... to live in a cave...
How did they fix a mechanical rupture in the light shielding?
Those Dust clouds are in fact plasma because we do live in an electric universe where plasma filaments connect everything
That exo super Jupitor is really interesting. Why is it cold. A planet that size should be generating considerable heat just by compressing its atmosphere, like a super Venus. Looking forward to more on this planet.
The army has an ongoing study of the shelf life of medications. Most are still fine after 20 years.
without a scifi tier energy shield enveloping our crafts or some unobtanium hull, I can't see high speed travel (as you'd need for interstellar) being viable at all
The problem is if you could bring diamonds back from Mercury, the price of diamonds (which is only kept high by restrictive trade practice) would collapse snd you would end up with a load of crystalline carbon costing as much as pencil lead. That's market forces for you.
Well, if they are not Lava tubes, then they must be Space Worm tubes. Like in Star Wars ! lol
Vey cool!
These days I feel kinda “hopeless”, im im my early 30s and I suspect im born too early to experience anything extraterrestrial.
Lava tube seems an opportunity for a moonbase. Build a dome and enjoy a vast protected pocket.
The pile would have to be so big enough to destroy the market.
It's a paradox.
Closer to the center of the galaxy, where there's starts so close together, would "space" still be dark? Or would there be ambient light even on a planet turned away from the sun?
Question. When I light a candle are the photons emitted new photons created by that light source or just a different phase of something else? I would guess both.
I wonder about gamma rays & x-rays that we observe in near-earth orbits. Assuming that their radiation is subject to red-shift, what wavelength would they have at the source?
It's ok Fraser it's not just you I missed the Auroras too :|
The World within the Tropics never get a glimpse.
Hey Fraser, wouldn't it be a great idea to make a video to compile all major findings from Gaia's observations. Like JWST, we can't do it year by year so it can be by each data release. Let me know your thoughts.
Thanks for this one, Frasier
A Carbon layer on Mercury; is there also a gateway to Proxima ;) (Stephen Baxter ref.)
Power and might on full display, Etna is like, who is the boss...ME
What a huge show of force.
I have been a volcano watcher for a number of years. I remember usually there would be 60-67 volcanos between erupting and on orange, alerting of erupting. At least half or more of which were usually on alert.
I just checked, and the total is 96. 34 erupting and 62 on alert. Do these high numbers have anything to do with the barrage of incoming CME's and solar flares. Thanks for your time,updates, and your opinion on this
Can you put rubber on the inside of a spacecraft to help against micro meteorites ?? Will the cold temps make it brittle ? Airplane gas tanks are lined with rubber to prevent fuel leakage if hit.
Diamonds by the ton !
But it was me tuned in a ufologist meeting that it was determined aliens visit planets and other objects first gold .
It was used as answer of why they visit . I found it interesting aliens enjoy concerts , but then why wouldn’t they ?
The JWST 2 review was superb.
wow! them carbon emissions are quite something to see
Where can I find the data sets for those visuals? How much are they intensifying the colors to make it appear like extreme emissions or are they dimming the colors to make it appear less than it actually is.
Just coloring the emissions and showing a fancy graphic doesn't tell the story in its actuality at all and can be misconstrued without additional information.
Take James webb pictures in context, they are not in the visual spectrum and the colors are digitized to create a picture that we can see with our eyes, but in the visual spectrum, those pictures would be mostly dark with bright starlight and basically nothing else.
Diamonds are only valuable because the supply is tightly controlled and because of good marketing.
They're not uncommon on Earth even without extraterrestrial sources crashing the price.
What would be useful one day is sources of truly rare and industrially valuable minerals like lithium
Apophis is actually a space door dash and is filled with food and beer.
I didn't understand the 2 degree Celsius planet... that doesn't sound too cold, does it?
That's 2 degrees colder than your refrigerator....
I wouldn't want to live there.
"Black Ice Warning!" Beep, beep.
Could we schedule a fly along apotholess instead of a fly by?
But what happens if you subtract all the known types of objects from the visible light background, will all the remaining pixels be zero brightness? Are all pixels already occupied by at least one known type of object?
DeBeers will never let you near the diamonds. 😁
No need, they're super common right here on Earth :). It's called marketing ;)
Mars, our neighboring planet, has long been a focal point of scientific curiosity. Recent discoveries suggest that Mars once had conditions that could support life, including evidence of liquid water, a more substantial atmosphere, and a climate conducive to biological processes. These findings have fueled speculation about the possibility of past life on Mars and the potential for discovering microbial life today 🥰🥰😘😘