1 Semantics vs Pragmatics vs Syntax - Introduction to Semantics

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  • čas přidán 12. 09. 2022
  • Lesson 1 - WHAT IS SEMANTICS ABOUT?
    Linguistics has three main branches: Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics.
     Syntax is the study of grammar (phonology, morphology, syntax and textual grammar)
     Semantics and pragmatics deal with meaning.
     SEMANTICS is the study of MEANING in LANGUAGE. (i.e what language means) (Hurford, Heasley, and Smith, 2007, p.1)
     PRAGMATICS considers the MEANING in SOCIAL CONTEXTS and the ways people produce and comprehend MEANINGS through language. (i.e what people mean by the
    language they use).
    Notes: Semantics is context-free. On the other hand, pragmatics is context-dependent.
    Ex 1: Peter: “Coming down to the pub tonight?”
    Bill: “I‟ve got to finish a piece of work .”
    The semantic meaning: Bill‟s reply just informs Peter he has a piece of work to finish.
    The pragmatic meaning: Bill‟s reply will normally be taken to indicate that he is not free to go to the pub, even though he does not actually say that.
    Ex 2: “There‟s a new Korean restaurant on Vo Thi Sau Street”
    The semantic meaning: The speaker simply informs the hearer of the new Korean restaurant on Vo Thi Sau Street.
    The pragmatic meaning: The speaker suggests trying that new restaurant.
    SENTENCE MEANING (or WORD MEANING) is what a sentence (or word) means, i.e. what it counts as the equivalent of in the language concerned.
    SPEAKER MEANING is what a speaker means (i.e. intends to convey) when he uses a piece of language. (Hurford, Heasley, and Smith, 2007, p.3)
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