The 10 Most Dangerous Volcanoes on the Planet
Vložit
- čas přidán 5. 09. 2024
- Around the planet, there are a grand total of 1,357 active volcanoes. With so many volcanoes, it is quite difficult to decide which individual volcanoes are the world's most dangerous. This video takes into account every active volcano in existence, and uses the scientific method to determine what are the most dangerous volcanoes on the planet. Included in this list are volcanoes such as Vesuvius, Taal, Aso, and Nevado del Ruiz.
The methodology used is linked in this USGS paper:
pubs.usgs.gov/...
If you would like to support this channel, consider becoming a patron at / geologyhub .
Another way to support this channel is to make an order via our gemstone and geology related etsy store at prospectingariz....
This video is protected under “fair use”. If you see an image or video which is your own in this video and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at geologyhubyt@gmail.com and I will make the necessary changes.
Thumbnail Photo Credit: Gabriel Esteffan, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY SA 2.0, commons.m.wiki...
CC BY SA 2.0 license: creativecommon...
Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers
This video is not opinion based, but rather relies on a tested scientific criteria to accurately determine which volcanoes on the planet are the most dangerous. Included below are the 25 most dangerous volcanoes, the scores they were assigned, and some other notable volcanoes which missed the cut. Important factors include:
-how often the volcano erupts
-how large its eruptions are
-how many people are at risk from an eruption
-volume of air traffic
-slope failure potential
-lahar danger, and other factors.
I want to note that after #30, my list may be incomplete.
Here is the list:
1-Taal: 390 (Philippines)
2-Krakatoa: 380 (Indonesia)
3-Vesuvius: 366 (Italy)
4-Sakurajima / Aira Caldera: 357 (Japan)
5-Campi Flegrei: 355 (Italy)
6-Aso: 354 (Japan)
7-Rinjani: 354 (Indonesia)
8-Mount Etna: 332 (Italy)
9-Fuji: 330 (Japan)
10-Tarawera / Okataina: 329 (New Zealand)
11-Galunggung: 315 (Indonesia)
12-Kikai: 315 (Japan)
13-Agung: 315 (Indonesia)
14-Kelud: 308 (Indonesia)
15-Mount Teide: 308 (Spain, Canary Islands)
16-Merapi: 306 (Indonesia)
17-Ata: 306 (Japan)
18-Tambora: 305 (Indonesia)
19-Popocatépetl: 300 (Mexico)
20-Santorini: 303 (Greece)
21-Nelvado Del Ruiz: 301 (Colombia)
22-Ilopango: 296 (El Salvador)
23-Cotopaxi: 293 (Ecuador)
24-Galeras: 292 (Colombia)
25-Pelee: 292 (Martinique)
26-Furnas: 292
27-Mayon: 291
28-Avachinsky: 290
29-Mount Pinatubo: 290
30-La Soufriere: 283
31-Unzen: 282 (decade volcano)
32-Arenal: 274
33-Fuego: 271
34-Taupo: 270 (Supervolcano)
35-El Chichon: 268
-Mount Baekdu: 265
-Colima: 264
-Stromboli: 264
-Kilauea: 263
-Ambrym: 257
-Santa Maria: 255
-Mount Saint Helens: 235
-Katla: 232
-Hekla: 228
-Nyiragongo: 225
-Huaynaputina: 205
-Mount Rainier: 203 (decade volcano)
-Grímsvötn: 201
-Nabro: 194
-Eyjafjallajökull: 183
-Toba: 180 (Supervolcano)
-Atitlan: 178 (Supervolcano)
-Mauna Loa: 131 (decade volcano)
-Crater Lake: 129
-Long Valley (Supervolcano): 129
-Yellowstone (Supervolcano): 115
-Valles Caldera (Supervolcano): 60
I keep having trouble putting my comments on your videos now. The same yesterday many times about 4 in total. This time once so far. If this reaches you, you will hopefully know that I was unable to comment
I think the list you’ve put should be pinned
What do you mean with decade volcano?
@@georgobergfell decade volcanoes are a series of volcanoes designated by the UN to be watched more carefully then others due to location and eruption history
examples Taal Mauna Loa and Etna
I would presume Nyiragongo would be higher on the list, but it's eruptions are small and there's not enough air traffic and tourism around for a really catastrophic event. Kinda interesting Taupo is higher than Yellowstone, i thought Yellowstone would be the highest of the VEI-8 group.
The world needs more reports just like this.
Totally FACT BASED SCIENTIFIC INFO THAT CAN BE EASILY DOUBLE CHECKED by anyone with a third grade reading comprehension level.
Thank you sir.
Agreed! He researches what he presents as fact. He makes it clear what is his opinion, not fact. And explains his predictions. 👍
Agreed. Just scientific fact, and opinions clearly noted.
I guess that leaves out Fox news and republicans. Sorry I couldn't resist.
@@oldmillrd8153 it had to be done ☹️
🤭!
No, some of it isn’t accurate.
"for those of you that stayed to the end of the video...."
EVERYONE 😀
I am shocked that Mt. Rainier is so far down on this list. It's a large stratovolcano with the danger of lahars, long distance pyroclastic flows, and a densely populated area in those flow paths. I guess that because it's been so long since it last went off, it's viewed as less dangerous. But the idea that it is somehow less dangerous than Kilauea, which is a shield volcano and not known for explosive eruptions, seems odd to me.
Mount Rainier is still quite dangerous, but several factors hold it back. For one, it hasn’t killed anyone (yet). It doesn’t erupt as frequently as other volcanoes on this list. Also, it’s eruptions are generally less than VEI 4
@@GeologyHub the same is true for nevado del ruiz but it still killed thousands
Just like creater lake in oregon. I think Mt rainier has to be potential create large caldera collaps if mt rainier erupts violently
@@HAIYANE9910 Unlikely
Rainer and Mazama(crater lake) are very different
One different sized magma chamber and two, Rainer is fairly young compared to Mazama
@@HAIYANE9910 it just never has in the past (unlike crater lake)
Mt. Teide in the Top 25 surprised me.
I am living next to Teide. If it blows up it will be devastating. The good news is, the Magma doesnt have enough pressure to let Teide errupt. The Island is just too heavy. But there will be smaller eruptions like the one in 1909.
Interesting list of volcanic risk ranking; while serving at Subic Bay, I took a tour of area around the Taal volcano. The whole area was beautiful but as you stated a lot of people live in the area.
I'm having goosebumps while watching this video - specially knowing that Taal is less than 50kms away from my house.
When it erupted last Jan 2020, one of the major problems is the evacuation from it's danger zone. If i recall correctly, Taal started steaming at around 11am and started it's eruption at around 1-2pm.
At around 7pm, I saw the news where people are still having troubles escaping due to the heavy traffic. Good thing Taal's eruption that time is upwards (plinian if I'm right with the eruption type) so it gave an opportunity for the people to evacuate.
Imagine if it erupted violently - it would be very hard to evacuate considering there are thousands living on it's caldera.
How is it going?
@@NoidoDevBefore the eruption the island in which the taal volcano is located looks like a virgin forest. Green and all. now the island looks like a desert. Right now, Taal is under alert level 1🎉
When Taal recently erupted, we can smell the sulfur from the eruption from where we are in Manila. Add to that is the ash fall that reached even the capital city.
I like this kind of content.
He's widened the scope of the channel, and it's made it interesting to a broader audience, without clickbaiting. Always science-based.
Me too
Dude once again you knocked this one out of the park with your expert knowledge on volcanos, kudos
I’m not surprised that Vesuvius was in the top 3, it definitely deserves a high ranking
It does, i was a bit confused on Twitter when Geology Hub put it that high, but i get it looking at it's historical eruptions and the fact the volcano never had a caldera collapse despite some VEI-6 eruptions, which makes me guess the volcano may yet have a magma emptying eruption. It also makes sense for it to be over the larger Campi Flegrei given Vesuvius has more recent eruptions while Campi goes into Fuji scenario as a long dormant volcano with catatrophic destruction potential.
@@caiolucas8257 eruption frequency is what holds it back
Vesuvivus is unlikely to have another caldera collapse due to currently being in the cone building phase of its cycle(Mount Somma, the base of Vesuvivus is very likely dormant) and vesuvivus only repersents the latest vent from Mt.Somma anyway
chances of another caldera are pretty slim
@@KaiserStormTracking I'm kinda unsure regarding the caldera thing, there's a lot of stuff we don't really know for certain about the Campanian volcanoes specifically regarding Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei, we don't know if they share the same magma chamber to a certain extent(i'm sure if they do Campi has more than 1 chamber).
The Somma collapse i believe was either prior to the formation of Vesuvius or actually formed the Vesuvius. The actual Vesuvius cone is not known to have collapsed like Pinatubo despite being a VEI-6 volcano.
@@caiolucas8257 Vesuvius is calssifed as a Somma volcano
somma volcanoes form in a classic caldera eruption and then resulting post-caldera eruptions build a new cone like Vesuvius
Campi and Vesuvisu/Somma as far as we know don't share a chamber. their location is likely pure chance
@@KaiserStormTracking I know that, what i meant is that the Vesuvius cone never collapsed on itself. The shared magma chamber thing has never been confirmed nor rebuffed, it's similar to the Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo. I mentioned the magma chamber because it has long been theorized that Vesuvius may just be part of the larger Campi Flegrei volcano rather than it's own thing.
This video was a fun little surprise. Thanks for making it.
Very interesting and informative. Exactly what is needed at this time. Thank you for your excellent content!
I stayed to the end AND I read the list in your comment ;-). Very interesting information, thank you again.
Ooooh new type of content! I like!
Thanks for the effort you put into this fantastic list. I'm lucky to have been to 5 of your top 10 in person, including Krakatoa before its last eruption and tsunami. If anyone wants to feel what its like to be near one of these giants when it erupts have a read of "Surviving Galeras" ( Number 24 on your list) by volcanologist Stanley Williams.
I went to one (possibly two) of the volcanoes in the top 5, I spent a couple days around Naples (meaning I was probably close to campi flegrei) and I walked to the crater of Vesuvius
Thanks for the tip I’m going to source a copy
Please make a video about the 10 most active volcanoes :)
Glad that New Zealand made the list, or not as I live 122km from Mt Tawawera
Me too, i was shocked Taupo topped the other VEI-8 volcanoes.
@@caiolucas8257 Taupo is very unusual in that it has produced a couple very large eruptions after a pretty short interval. A VEI 7 following a VEI 8 after less than 30,000 years is VERY unusual. Plus, if I recall correctly it inflated then erupted very quickly, much less warning than a typical massive eruption. And of course, quite a lot of people live nearby and its on an island where escape isn't the easiest. Very nasty volcano if it decides to go, thankfully there is still a good bit of time between eruptions and it had a large eruption relatively recently in geologic time. Probably one of the main things holding it back. Although the TVZ should probably be considered as one of the more dangerous volcanic regions on the planet.
@@StuffandThings_ i hadn't looked at it that way, makes sense why it's above Yellowstone
@@StuffandThings_ Thank you for that. Tarawera - though miniscule in comparison to Taupo - also didn't give any notice as I understand. Yet the locals were very well versed in such things.
When I fly into Manila NAIA airport we are sometimes directed to hold some distance from the final approach at 5000 feet or more. The hold takes us almost directly over Taal's lake. Quite a sobering sight when theres a full moon and you see the smoke and steam rising below your airliner.
I live near Mt Rainier so obviously always interested in these videos. :) Love your channel btw.
Oh my goodness you live near there my parents were stationed near there mom always said it kinda creep her out .
Rainier is pretty. However, of all the lower 48 states it and Clear Lake are the two volcanoes I do NOT want to see erupt in my lifetime
I must admit, you make this stuff extremely interesting. Thank you. I love your channel.
4:59 The eruption of Krakatoa in 1883 was reported to have produced a shock wave so loud that it damaged the hearing of crew members on the Norham Castle, a ship located 40 miles away. It was even heard 3,000 miles away. This was a truly enormous explosion, and it was calculated that the shock wave circled the Earth at least 3 times before dampening to imperceptible levels.
I wonder if something like that happened nowadays with the way technology is going, it would be amazing.
@@BushyDust that's besides the op' point
@@BushyDust Krakatoa had a VEI7 eruption in 535/540
@@BushyDust of course yes
Gotta love miles
(No clue how far that is)
this was exactly what i was going to ask to have done! both the way the ranking is done (or what is used to get the rating), and have the top ones listed. great work!
Surprised not to see Iwo Jima as an honorable mention, given that it could produce an enormous caldera forming eruption in the very near future, and some of the most populated and highly developed regions on earth could be swamped by the tsunami produced by an eruption at Iwo Jima.
Me too, i would think it would be quite close to Campi Flegrei in rating, but given it's not that close to people's home i get it.
The reason for this is Iwo Jima no longer has a permanent population
@@GeologyHub True, it would need a truly massive eruption to cause problems. (Granted, it seems to be more capable of that than pretty much any volcano on the planet)
@@TheOobo more capable is relative in this case as in it's capable of doing that in the next few hundreds of years instead of the next few thousands.
The beach on which the Marines landed is now 56 feet higher than when they hit it. An eruption during the battle might have convinced both sides to end the war. Or at least take the war somewhere else.
Tarawera/Okataina is really cool looking. Is there a video on it? I'll go look when this one is over
Oh, there is. That one's next
Yep! m.czcams.com/video/CTzj__5dVIU/video.html
Another great Geology Hub update! Thanks for sharing!
I love this channel. I hope it continues to grow 👌
I’m actually very surprised to see that Mount Nyiragongo isn’t in the top 10; even though it’s eruptions don’t tend to be explosive they’re frequent, and also because of its very fast lava flows and the millions that live on its slopes And not to mention the danger of a limnic eruption from Lake Kivu whenever Nyiragongo’s lava reaches its shores.
I think it's mostly due to low level eruptions and population density. The reason Japanese, Italian and Indonesian volcanoes appear so much on this list is because all 3 countries have large metropolitan centers with volcanoes nearby, their volcanoes also tend to be deadlier and much more powerful. The only exception is the odd Mount Etna, which has around the same VEI as Nyiragongo, but again the proximity to people's homes and much more frequent and deadlier eruptions puts it much higher than Nyiragongo.
It is a shame Nyiragongo didn't make at least a top 30 because it poses a lot of danger, but on that note it's mostly due to poor volcanic monitoring. Africa's self governing countries still suffer the scars of colonialism and exploration and when you add that to corrupt political leaders things can be very bad. Meanwhile African volcanoes in European settlements such as Cumbre Vieja benefit from the European money and stability that results in better volcanic monitoring.
@@caiolucas8257 The city of Goma has a population of over half a million.
@@robertwood4681 while Naples has at least 3 million people and has two very dangerous volcanoes that are both capable of completely destroying the city
We need other people to make a rating system, this is just silly.
It's a good list. I'd have basically all of those in there, maybe slightly different ordering, but that's part of why it's always interesting to compare lists.
With Campi Flegrei to the north west and Vesuvius to the south east, why on earth would you want to live in Naples. Just imagine if both started eruptions at the same time. There would be cries of "It's the end of days" For many it probably would be.
Exactly, i wouldn't like to be there if one of them erupted with a VEI-5, imagine both at their maximum potential(Vesuvius at vei-6 and Campi Flegrei at vei-7), i presume that would be a doomsday scenario for Europe, it would certainly face a volcanic winter.
naples being constructed where it is is part of the reason why those volcanoes are ranked so high, we humans have part of the fault.
Indeed
Even an idiot wouldn't live there
@@rafario448 So blame the Romans? They are kind of the ones who built the place up and at its peak Napels was a important part of what allowed Rome to be able to conquer the Mediterranean, the volcanic ash from Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius was an important part of their concrete formulas which allowed them to build durable and resilient structures particularly at sea as a chemical reactions with the sea water reinforced the concrete. And of course volcanic soil and the geothermal system are things which have lured people into this kind of death traps many many times.
But yeah it is kind of incredulous to build a city inside an ancient caldera of a active volcano
dont forget that as destructive as volcanoes are, they also have the best soil to live on and make a good life out of it.
Thank you. Very interesting video!
This was EXCELLENT, but Iceland has four or five volcanoes that due to the huge amount of ash, would threaten all civilization in an ELE. I was surprised none made the list.
Iceland does have several dangerous volcanoes. However, none made the list as they have not destroyed substantial infrastructure and caused loss of life, which is factored in the calculation.
Congratulations Philippines. Now let's wait for the Final Top 5
Lol
Btw I'm Filipino live in the Philippines
Nice video! Just a correction, Tarawera is just a vent of the greater Okatania caldera, which includes all of the rhyolite domes and volcanic lakes east of (but not including) lake Rotorua. It kinda overlaps with 2 other calderas, which is why we refer to the greater area as the Taupo Volcanic Zone, which at a stretch can be interpreted as one large volcano. Thoroughly recommend a video on the TVZ, it’s a unique situation and has produced many large eruptions.
Kia ora, Michael. Thx for the additional info. (I'm from South Island; we're better at earthquakes down here!)
I was quite surprised to see Tarawera on the list at place 10. Sure: in its time it was a monster and a killer.
I guess the maths bumped it up on one of its sub-scores.
I never think of it as a recurring threat, but more of a once-off event. Is there reason to see it as a likely player any time soon (geological-timescale 'soon')?
@@GedMaybury23 Tarawera/Okataina makes the list as it’s major eruptions frequently effect the global climate. One in the 1300s and one in 1886. Also, a lot of people live in the at risk radius
@@GeologyHub the problem with Nz volcanology is most of our volcanic records are either poorly preserved or unstudied. The 25.3ka (VEI8) Taupo eruption/Oruanui event occured in the height of the glaciation, thus the estimation for the size is probably lower then the actual size. Unpublished data I know about for Okataina Caldera shows it is a lot more active then previously thought, however this brings it to the same level as Taupo Caldera, which (records-wise) seems to be a far more active volcanic centre.
@@GedMaybury23 Okataina centre is a significant volcano, it's just the lime light is stolen by Taupo as it is better studied and the lake is significantly larger. Tarawera just seems to be where the two most recent eruptions have occurred
I have only just realised this myself and would love to see more study and information available.
Thanks Geo hub for the update good pictures
Hey - always love your videos! Can you do a video on Cotopaxi in Ecuador? :)
This would Vs nice to see.
Didn't expect Vesuvius to top Campi Fleigri. Because it erupts more frequently?
I was shocked too because Campi Flegrei had larger eruptions, but Vesuvius had more frequent eruptions plus the actual deaths it caused has more empirical evidence(the skeletons in Herculaneum and Pompeii). Campi Flegrei is pointed to have been the fall of the neanderthal, but that is hypothesis scenario a la Toba causing a population bottleneck while Vesuvius has clear evidence of the destruction it caused.
Does it seem like volcanoes are extra active globally right now? I would like to know if there is a scientific system that rates total global volcanic activity on a regular scale such as by day, week or month.
Just the media and algorithm
We are well within average
with how easy it is to consume information now it's a lot easier to track volcanoes so it seems like they're more active then they really are.
planet nine approaches
Thank you. Well done.
Would be cool to get videos on regional volconology. Like how and why Indonesia is so active and why it has so many vei 7 and vei 8 volcanos
Indonesia’s volcanoes are mostly due to the collision with the Australian plate, which moves about 7 cm each year. It’s the fastest moving tectonic plate on the planet, which causes high rates of subduction related volcanism
Indonesia does have multiple volcanoes that can go vei 6-7 but Indonesia has only one volcano that can go vei 8, it’s just that the one vei 8 volcano Indonesia has happens to be even larger than Yellowstone is
@@jakealter5504 toba?
@@jmarth523 it is two apparently, Tambora (1815), and Toba (74000 y.a)
@@IhsanMIP92 no, Tambora was 10 times weaker than VEI 8
I'm completely blown away (so to speak) that they still have a huge dense metropolitan area WRAPPED around Mount Vesuvius. I live in the Pacific Northwest; we have cities potentially in the way of lahars, and that's bad enough. But can you IMAGINE if they'd built Seattle with Mt St Helens IN THE MIDDLE of the city?!
So long Naples, and thanks for inventing pizza.
They did Ina sense. It's in the shadow of a large active volcano. Which has the potential of a Mt st Helen's like eruption.
@@hollybyrd6186 Right, but Mount Rainier is still a long way away. When Rainier goes, it will be several hours before lahars start arriving. Even then, it's mostly certain parts of Tacoma that's getting it. Imagine if the summit of Mt Rainier was located where the Space Needle is today. It's like having a 10MT hydrogen bomb on a stick in the middle of downtown.
with the powerful eruption that reach VEI-7 and it caldera size is it possible that taal could become the super volcano?
unlikely even tho taal is very young(for a caldera)
VEI-7 is powerful enough to produce volcanic winters or little ice age. Example that is the Rinjani and tambora :D
Taal’s magma chamber is too small. However, a much larger volcanic system to the north (Laguna Caldera) seems to occasionally supply magma to its caldera forming eruptions
@@GeologyHub can you cover extinct ancient caldera in laguna de bay or Apolaki caldera?
Thank you again. In our dark time of internet ignorance, your informed, science-based, and factual videos are much appreciated.
Excellent video on most dangerous volcanoes. It is interesting how this list differs from the decade volcano list. Do the scores for Krakatoa, Tambora, and Rinjani take into account the likelihood of a caldera forming eruption in the near future? Since caldera forming eruptions occurred at those volcanoes relatively recently does it mean that it will be a long time before another large eruption? Since Iwo Jima is more likely to produce a large eruption than Tambora, Rinjani, or Krakatoa it is more dangerous than any of those volcanoes?
Caldera forming eruptions are implied with the category of MAX recorded VEI. Every VEI 6+ eruption with only 1 exception formed a caldera
@@GeologyHub Thanks for the reply.
I thought that taal volcano' highest vei was 6 but never reached Volcanic Explosivity Index 7 wow! Thankyou for letting me/us know geology hub! Godbless you and keep safe!
VEI-7 is enough to trigger little ice age or long long year volcanic winter (example of that is the tambora 1815 and Rinjani 1257 AD)
Also Taal has too be potentially... A supervolcano :D
@@HAIYANE9910 ohh thanks for letting me know ❤️ godbless!
@@mina_sr_my37 btw i am Filipino... I'll live in my country(Philippines) in luzon:)
@@HAIYANE9910 its not a supervolcano. It only had a low VEI7 eruption as the largest and not 8
The volcano that surprises me most on this list is Mount Etna. It’s the second most active volcano in Europe and it’s completely surrounded by cities and towns, but most of its eruptions affect nothing but the uppermost slopes of the volcano. Also, even though it can be explosive, it is not known for creating huge pyroclastic flows as other extremely active stratovolcanoes (Fuego, Santiaguito, Taal, Merapi, Semeru, etc) do.
Thank you for creating and sharing this video. I would like to know how many volcanoes have erupted during the past two decades and if solar weather & planetary alignments may have influenced those eruptions.
Namaste
There has been no evidence showing that solar storms affect volcanos.
The fact that so many people live right next to active volcanoes is beyond me. They are just begging for a repeat of Pompeii. A smart choice would be living far away from all volcanoes even dormant ones.
Mnt Rainer should be a top 5 honestly, its enormous, has a unbelievable amount of very old thick glacial ice, and has almost certainly accumulated a lot of very viscous magma in its middle magma zone/chamber region. I think a decent gas rich influx can be a recipe for a lahar 3 or 4 times as large and deadly than St Helens
Taal really did earn the title of worlds deadliest volcano
and everyone says supervolcanoes will be the end of us
VEI 7 eruption is not small at either.
Hi again!
And yes, as it is near very populated areas, as well as producing massive eruptions!
Taal is not the most deadly in the world, even Sakurajima is better than that.
@@GirlyKat9001 Exactly, a VEI-7 eruption would be enough to cause volcanic winter(look at Tambora).
Thank you 🐾☺️ amazing
I'm British but the Volcano that Worries me Most is Lake Nicaragua, Huge Caldera, Yet nobody mentions it. However if it Erupted and Closed the Panama Canal, Life as we know it would be seriously affected
To be honest bud that is a very good eye. To think that lake has 2 volcanoes in the center of it is concerning. It's very likely there's activity at the bottom of the lake though the smaller one seems undocumented.
Fantastic information as usual mate. Thank you
I have been watching 'live cams' situated near Taal ( which is currently steaming). Fascinating to watch.
THANK YOU Geology Hub! I honestly will sleep better knowing this info and
I really like your speech pattern/style at the end of your sentences!
In Colombia, we laso have Cerro El Machín as the most dangerous volcano but hasn´t created any eruption for hundreds of years, neither ice on its top but area is heavily populated + unawareness of the volcano's existence.
Oh wow, I regularly visit a cam recording Ta'al live a few hours every day. I didn't know it was THAT dangerous.
Maybe you could do a video on Volcanic Winter, what the term means and examples of such. Love the content. Thanks 👍
Thank you for your work. Always informative.
Stay safe eh:)
Me: Whom lived most of my entire life close to the most dangerous active volcano in the world, Taal. Good luck me 👍😅
The odds are unlikely for a caldera forming eruption anytime soon. With this being said, I wouldn’t be surprised if it produced another 2020 sized eruption in the next 25 years
@@GeologyHub 2020 Taal Volcano eruption was my first volcano eruption I experienced. It was really something, breathtaking, beautiful, but dangerous.
When I was a kid, even until now abit, I am interested in Geology and Volcanoes because of encyclopedias. I also have a copy of an old volcano simulation, KWare Erupt.
Maybe not so dangerous, but my favourite volcano (of the ones I've actually seen) is Sangeang Api in Indonesia.
I love the idea of a chick have a favourite volcano ^ Indonesia is a great place for volcano spotting mind you.
I’ve added your favorite volcano to my “cover in my next month” list
Love your channel
Taal in the Philippines is much larger than the image in the video. Taal when viewed using Google earth shows the original crater that blew up or whatever eons ago. The volcano in the video is what grew after the big one blew. Taal lake, in the crater of the original cone has an area of 90.4 sq. miles, 234.2 sq. kilometers. The lake is 25km/16 miles long and 18km/11 miles wide. Viewed by Google Earth, you can see the original rim, the lake, the active cone and a lake inside that with a volcanic island in it. The first time I was there, the size of it blew my mind.
@beejay grutas It was once the tallest volcano in the philippines. I believe it was more than 10,000 ft twice the size of Mayon volcano.
but after the several calderagenic supermassive VEI 7 eruptions it reduced to that size. (Present taal)
@beejay grutas Tambora in Indonesia was 14,000 ft high. After the 1815 eruption (VEI 7) it reduced to 9,000 ft.
@beejay grutas in terms of material ejected and style of eruption. Both had a Plinian style eruption (Mushroom Cloud/vertical blast similar to atomic bomb), Taal vei 7 eruption ejected (Estimation: 50-177 km³). Mt Tambora vei 7 (150-200+km³)
@beejay grutas There was no article about taal's massive past.
Some scientists (based from london) believe that Taal had a VEI 7 eruption based on the size of taal lake (not the volcano island).
Would be interesting to know about vulcanos in central europe and how dangerous they are, there are alot around the mediteranian seas but what about france or germany and that region
There are none which have erupted 'recently'. The most recent eruption in that area would have been Mt Elbrus in Russia, in 50AD.
Germanys largest volcano is the Laacher See Volcano wich some people consider to be a supervolcano, but it hasn't produced an eruption in historic times. Also it doesn't show any obvious signs of unrest except some CO2 emissions. I personally live near the Hegau volcanic area, wich is located in the very south of Germany between the black forest and the lake of constance. Also no notable activity here except some occasional very small (
I truly believe there’s probably be 3 volcanoes in Central America and South America that should be on that list
There's a very good reason why Taal is one of the Decade Volcanoes, and this video shows it
I didn't expect Taal to be at number 1 despite it produces minimal eruptions but its past ancient Taal volcano caldera collapse eruption was so deadly that the pyroclastic flows reached manila.
Yep. It has produced at least 4 VEI 6 or 7 eruptions. It’s scary to think of a 1991 pinatubo sized eruption, but 5-10x larger
Where is larger. Taal caldera forming eruption? Or mount tambora?
What kind of volcanic eruption that similar to caldera forming eruption of taal?
The 1754 eruption is a VEI 5, not small by any means. It produced a VEI 6 4000 years ago, which is not that far off in the past. The VEI 6 would produce a pyroclastic flow that would devour Manila's main industrial belt in its southern suburbs in Laguna and Cavite. World semiconductor manufacturing could grind to a halt as that belt packages a huge chunk of today's microchips.
@@HAIYANE9910Tambora. VEI 7 most likely, but Taal remains frustratingly understudied so we still haven't fully concluded if it also produced a VEI 8
I like how your videos are always to the point and no hype or bait.
curious, where did Mt.Rainier in Washington State land on this list?
USGS ranks it as #3 in the country. The main risk is Lahar as it tends to reach many of the cities in the area like Enumclaw all the way to the port of Tacoma. Settlement and recorded history in the area is relatively recent which makes it hard to asses but USGS has it ranked pretty much near the top. It is not as dangerous to people as Naples where people are living inside the Caldera but no doubt a Lahar is a formidable risk especially from a rare event form Rainer like the Osceola Mudflow event would impact a good number of people.
Wait, what about the Yellowstone caldera
Active, but not too worrying so far.
Infrequent eruptions and no notable threats from non caldera eruptions other then steam driven eruptions
I'll have to compare this to the Decade List.
You will note the absence of Avachinsky and Koryaksky. Kamchatka volcanoes are dangerous but don’t have enough nearby population to make the top 25
I did not expect that list. A foreigner once asked if Tagatay (the place surrounding Taal volcano) is safe. It looks beautiful but aren't we afraid if it erupts. To which locals answer it erupts frequently so the magnitude is never that big. No way it can erupt as big as Pinatubo.
Of course that is the common assumption around here, since Tagatay is among the favourite destinations for people in Manila. But watching this channel and learning that the lake itself (not the center island) is the actual crater, gosh, it makes you a little paranoid.
Not so much about size of eruption here though - but about the danger to people which Taal has that potential.
Yep even then taal is still capable of those vei 7 eruptions
the relative positions of these volcanoes on the list is highly debatable and difficult to weigh up. I believe the effect on air travel shouldnt be too large a qualifying factor -I feel far less threatened by a closed airport than a pyroclastic flow!
That doesn’t really effect the top 3 on this list since all three are known for very violent eruptions and are close to major population centers
I feel like mount Rainier should be higher on that list. It is one of the more heavily glaciated volcanoes on the planet, has a small potential for a massive rockslide courtesy of chemically altered rock, and is near large areas of population. Hell, its even one of the Decade Volcanoes. If that thing ever does even a moderately sized eruption, a lot of people are screwed.
Rainers eruption are infrequent and are VEI4 or below
Thank you yet again for another very informative and interesting video.
Kind of suprised La Palma didn’t make the list (not even the extended one) with its potential for a massive flank collapse and resulting tsunami that would affect large parts of the world. Does the calculator take the size of the flank collapse into account and how many people it would affect, or just whether it is at risk of a flank collapse?
It's likely due to these reasons:
- The collapse is rather unlikely, it could happen, but too many ifs need to be involved for the perfect scenario of a megatsunami to occur.
- La Palma eruptions are very minor, they're Etna level, but Etna has a history of burying cities.
@@caiolucas8257 I mean now La Palma has buried a few cities, but Etna goes off much more frequently and is a good bit more explosive.
@@caiolucas8257 Etna also drops its east flank into the mediterranean sea at times. just like piton de la fournaise and many other island volcanoes they have at least one unstable flank.
The most dangerous volcano is the one you're on.
At first i was sad at not seeing any us volcanos, but on second thought thats a really good thing 😅
Really interesting, thanks for your video.
I was looking at the Galapagos Islands and noticed several calderas that looked like rings left from former larger Islands plus lots of cones on the largest Island, Isla Isabela. I was wondering if any these are considered active? Were any large eruptions in the past?
Bless you bud. Looking at Isla Isabella via it's Satellite Images there seems to be pretty strong evidence that a caldera collapse South West of the Vulcan Wolf. And blatant evidence of Lava Flows having reached the ocean from that volcano. I'm unfamiliar with the geology of the island but the visual evidence seems to support it.
Amazing stuff... Taal was a suprise
doesnt campi flegrei and vesuvio count as the same volcano? i mean vesuvio is just a vent ofthe caldera campi flegrei right?
I thought it was odd too, he counted Sakurajima as part of Aira, but not Vesuvius as part of Campi Flegrei?
I thought it isn't sure weather they share the same Magma chamber or not
@@caiolucas8257 Sakurijima is on the edge of the Aira caldera & shares the same magma chamber .There is no evidence to prove that Vesuvius shares the same magma chamber as campi flegrei .What about stromboli,Etna,volcano,they are all separate volcanoes in the same region.
Well Campi Flegrei is an interesting case in regards to super volcanoes in the sense that it actually 2 Magma Chambers, one higher up and a much deeper one interconnected by a very long tunnel beneath the overlying one. Campi Flegrei's upper magma chamber is considerably small but has a hydrothermal system that could easily result in phreatic eruption but it's not connected to vesuvius. The deeper chamber however is massive and it could be sharing a reserve pool with Vesuvius thanks to the underlying plate boundary but I wouldn't say that makes them the same volcano.
@@Akechi_The_Phantom_Detective it would make the volcano a really complex volcano
A top 10 list.
You're officially a CZcamsr now 😜😄
it seems like a large number of volcanoes are erupting currently , could you do a video explaining why or explaining that it's normal.
Simple
Media and algorithm
Wow! Never thought Taal would be top of this list. I was thinking Tambora or St Helens would top it especially their brutal historic eruptions that taken numerous lives.
What? Mt. St. Helens isn't even that deadly compared to any of the volcanoes listed here. Taal killed 1300 in 1911, and thousands unknown in 1754 in its biggest eruption in historic times, while prehistorically, it's eruptions were even more massive that it now sits at the 3rd largest volcanic lake in the world after Toba and Taupo.
Taal has multiple VEI 6 and possible 1 VEI 7 eruption which St. Helens lacked
This content is cool
Best top ten volcanoes captured on film
Tambora’s eruption was actually bigger but not by a huge amount
on the thumbnail photo that's visible before you click this video from the front page - in that photo - there is a dragon head in the smoke. I looked a bunch of times and then took a picture before posting this comment. Either the creator did this on purpose, or the algorithm optimization AI is doctoring images to increase clicks. Either way, it's worth a chuckle.
Wow thanks dude you are definitely very informative
So I’m confused on the score that you gave to each volcano. The higher the number the less likely it is to cause a catastrophic event?
Higher score = more dangerous. In this case a “destructive event” results in:
-loss of life
-evacuations
-destruction of property
-air traffic disruption
Imagine the guy just plopping Naples right in Vesuvius’ path without realising the pain and suffering he’d cause throughout the centuries
I'm usually pleased if New Zealand gets a mention, but on this list, not so much.
I shouldn't worry, I live 230 km away in Auckland, safely among the 53 previously only small eruptions in the area :-)
Bless you buddy I wouldn't be too worried if you live 230KM that's generally speaking outside the red and yellow hazard zone for terawara. Lake Taupo on the other hand...
Are there any other widely used methods of calculating the danger of a volcano objectively? While I'm no volcanologist, it seems this method produces useful results but may fail to account for particular hazards. It seems odd to me that Niyragongo is ranked as low as it is, for example.
Eruptions at the volcano tend to be infrequent and confined to the lava lake unless it drains which isn't often
@@KaiserStormTracking Still, when it drains it often drains directly into a massive city. Though my feeling could totally be my own bias at play.
i like the little reward for staying til the end :)
Almost Perfect video for me. Thank you
Hey could you make an updated video on rainier that delves into its Eruptive history and geologic formation, or maybe a video on the mysterious Cinder cones around enunclaw WA
He's actually made a video on Mt. Reiner.
Very nice video! The top-listing cán be debated though. Not to 'criticise' or 'mock' your fantastic Upload. On the contrairy! i'd like to start with commending you for your chosen 'standards' of determining. I find that a very good standard actually.
Yet in terms of Effect, aftermath and 'population affected/at risk' and other hazardous catastrophes, there are plenty of other volcanos to also consider imo.
To name a few:
-Though highly dormant still, and activity sliiightly increasing, the Yellowstone Caldera is a threat of mónstrous proportions! But to be just as honest: the consequenses of ány YS-eruption are cómpletely off the chart in this Comparison.
-Toba, like above... nuff said.
-Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Though not as deadly, a heavy eruption in this poorly developed area, could have longterm disasterous consequenses to the nation, and its neighbouring country's.
-Mr Erebus on Antarctica. The 'mere' fact this reasonably active volcano is located in the dénse Icecaps of the Southpole, adds up a great danger to this volcano's true capability's. Perhaps not locally, the 'mixture' of volcanic lava, Ice and the immense 'chemical reactions' that occur when this 'beast' would come to a really big eruption, is nearly unimaginable for a global scale! Imo the consequenses of Erebus 'blowing up', have a same potential as the Samalas(Rinjani) and Tambora?
-Ojos del Salado. Iirc the híghest volcano in the world, located on the border between Argentina and Chile?(not 100 sure). Ojos' is a big of the 'big brother' version of Rainier in the US. The Lahars that this gigantic monstrosity can produce, could wipe out very large areas in South America. Massive mudstreams, rolling down from ~7km altitude....BRR... dont even wna imagine that..
-La Cumbre Vieja, currently erupting on La Palma. Perhaps not the volcano itself, but like the Kilauea on Hawaii, this volcano can cause an énormous Landslide (a vast multitude of what occured when St Helens tore itself apart..), yet this is an Island-Volcano. Such a catastrophe would cause a MASSIVE Tsunami, affecting a véry large part of the bordering nations to the Atlantic Ocean!!
-The Kurils. Though in a lightly populated area, Kamtsjatka, Russia, this ís a Supervolcano! Perhaps not the eruption itself, yet the aftermath would be devastating, comparable to Samalas/Rinjani, or Tambora... Krakatoa?
-Fuego+Pacaya in Central America. Quite active, and plenty of populated villages around it. Fuego's last eruption caused plenty of death and destruction...and it still was only a light eruption. This area is 'saturated' with volcanic activity, hence i name both volcano's, to indicate the area... IT'd go as far up as:
-Popocatepetl. A humongously LARGE towering 'demon', overlooking Mexico City, one of thé most densely populated citys in the world! Luckily, 'Big Popo', hasent erupted on a mássve scale, yet this dormant 'Hellhole' most définately has that potency. There are over 8.5M registered in habitants in Mexico-City alone... and fár more in the unregistered Suburbs and 'swallowed up' residences around it... Imo its not that crude an estimation that 'Big Popo', threatens well over 20M people?
-Aira Caldera. Though you did correctly name an list Sakurajima. Sakurajima is but one of the mány vents, fed by this Supervolcano. Comparable to Lake Ilopango, which also feeds several Craters. Aira is surrounded by DENSELY populated areas in Japan. Sakurajima is the most active of the Aira-vents, but Aira itself is a dormant and terrifyingly dangerous Supervolcano!!
-Long Valley Caldera. Though located in the more distant Death Valley-US, the eruption itself wouldnt affect that many people, This is a 'smaller'Supervolcano, like Campi flegrei: the Fallout of this volcano could affect ALL of California/LA. thats téns of millions of people! Iirc recent studies have indicated this sleeping giant is also sloooowly starting to awake fro ma very long slumber. A hideous idea to imagine... Also to not 'on forehand' exclude the possibility of the heavy seismic activity caused by a large eruption of this 'beast', could perhaps trigger seismic 'resonance' in the volatile San Andreas faultine??.. oof! Tháts just a catastrophe of unimaginable and unprecedented scale?.. ye, perhaps comparable on a scale of Toba/YS... Taupo?
-Taupo Lake, New Zealand. The central lake of the south island... well its not a lake, the lake IS the depression of the Caldera... Like the immensly dangerous Taal.. Luckily this supervolcano isnt very active atm, yet it has an incredible potency! I think i read, one of the Taupo's bíggest eruptions; a VEI-8 Supereruption caused só much fallout, the entire island was covered in 200 feet: over 60 meters of Volcanic ash?.... Holy Sandwich-f*ck???
I could name a few more if i'd do some searching, but i'm curious :)
From one fascinated Volcano-enthousiast to another! Do please reply!
PS, Honorable Mention;
-the Tamu Massif. located 'between Hawaii and Japan' in the middle ofthe Pacific Ocean. Though considered extinct, science cannot exclude that this 'énormous THING', simply takes hundreds of thousands, if not millions of years to build up and would even be able to cause "Flood Volcanism" (A volcanic scale that far, FAR exceeds whatever YS, Toba, Taupo, or évery other volcani in the world, COMBINED have ever caused! I think the only comparable measure would be what happens on Jupiter's Moon, IO. Roughly compared: Average IO eruptions START on a NON-earth scale of VEI 9 or 10... but 11's, or 12's occur there quite often as well. Luckily, IO is FAR far away from our planet... but just for comparison). Iirc the measurements of this Oceanic Volcano are around 350x400KM, and ~4.1KM in altutude, from the Oceannfloor, reaching approx 1.9km, under the sea surface.
The Tamu Massif is a smaller version of the Martian Giga-Volcano, Olympus Mons. Science 'estimates', the last eruption of O.M. on Mars, literally KILLED the planet!
- ??? The mysterious undersea eruption that caused the supermassive Pumicefield, of approx 20.000 footballfields in size, floating over the Pacific Ocean ,a few years ago. We dont know whát volcano caused it, but 'concluding' this was a 'mere Lava-spray' which was immediately cooled by the seawater, causing such an incredible production of Pumice... its frightening to imagine what this volcano could cause, would it blow its top off... Something that'll gréatly exceed the Tsunami that struck India, several years ago?
Also, a 'statistical comparison' to give people a bít of an image of the INCOMPREHENSIBLE power of Volcanism;
Tambora 1815!
Now, to set a 'standard': Thé biggest Nuclear Bomb EVER detonated, was the USSR's Tsar-Bomba. detonated on 2km altitude above the island of Novea Zembla, north of Siberia. This megabomb caused a shockwave that went around the earth, 7x, and caused broken windows as far as Finland and Norway. Below the Detonation-area, a humongous 'Glass Lens' was formed from the superheated fireball that líterally melted the earth into a depression, approx 2km in diameter, 1m pressed below, or due to the melting, and a 'lens'approx 2M thick in the center... The calculated Blastyield of th Tsar was estimated on approximately 56 Megatons....
Now, coming to the Tambora Mega-eruption of 1815, that caused the Year without Summer: Science has calculated, that to blow up a volcanotop from 4350m, down to the current crateredge of 2800m, also leaving a crater of 1km depth from the edge(so 2.5KM of peak) and a 6km crater in diameter, an exposive force of ATLEAST 33.500 Megatons was needed!
33.500 Megatons.... Pun duely intended; This volcano didnt just blow its head off... realising those statistics in practise, simply blows your mind.
Very interesting!🔥🌋🌋🌋
Thank you for sharing this
Can't believe there aren't any in the top 25 from the Eastern seaboard of the US! But glad...