Iceland's Erupting Spatter Cone Stabilizes After Dramatic Spillover: Geologist Analysis
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- čas přidán 22. 05. 2024
- Learn the latest developments on Iceland's eruption from geology professor Shawn Willsey with this April 9 update.
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Thanks Shawn. It's interesting to note that land rise is continuing while the lava flow is decreasing. Magma is accumulating faster than lava is being erupted.
Thank you for the lava flow images! I was trying to figure that out from different camera views!
Was so hoping to find you doing an update today!! Hard to get basic questions answered in other chats in a way that makes sense to a non-geologist! Appreciate you and the team!
A magnificent break out about 11 :30pm (est) last night!
I was watching Isak’s drone flight and it was awesome. Partial eclipse over the volcano and close ups of the massive flow.
Hi Shawn, thanks so much for sparing the time from your busy schedule to keep us updated…..have a great field trip, sadly I’m in the UK or I’d be there in a heartbeat…..hope you had a lovely meal with your daughter….hope you’re well and thanks again for everything ❤
Thank you Shawn. I was still awake for the breakout on the northeast side and got to see it as it happened. It was quite interesting. The lava flows have inflated quite a lot, close to the vent. It will be interesting to see just how this buildup affects any future eruptions if they open up to the northeast along the weak line of old fissures.
Thx Prof ✌🏻 always good to hear from you.
I am so greatful for your chanel an explanation I do watch others but you make the explanations of what's going on than anyone else.thanks Shawn
"....aesthetically pleasing..." Thank You Shawn for that intellectually pleasing description of why i'm fascinated with vulcanism !:-)
Who else saw the Angry Witch walking with her walking stick silhouette on the all black lava picture? Thank you for all the updates Shawn.
13:47 Now that you mention it, Yea! 😂👍
Yes and she looked wicked!
@@atengawolsrep something striding across the island for sure !
Absolutely! Or a giant with a club, even from the beginning the figure can be seen. There is a Fire Giant called Surtr or Surtur in Norse and Icelandic mythology. There is an island name after him, Surtsey. From Wikipedia “In modern Iceland, the notion of Surtr as a giant of fire lives on; Surtsey ("Surtr's island"), a volcanic island that appeared in 1963 in Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland, is named after Surtr much like Surtshellir.” That’s who I thought the figure might be. All very interesting. Thanks.
@@jballenger9240I didn't know any of that info. Many thanks for sharing. Wow.
Gosh, what a beautiful dramatic wild show this small growing cone is putting on-
Thanks for the update. I had missed the wall collapse. It really is amazing.
Hoping there is footage of it.
My 5 year old granddaughter will be so upset she missed the collapse and the witch they say walked out the back.
Thank you for sharing! My husband and I love following your videos. Your information is appreciated! 😊
Wonderful update - thanks so much!
Persistent lava flow. Flattening out and filling in the surrounding terrain. That's a shield volcano, or it will be if it keeps doing this for a few more months.
Thank you for the Update and your time covering this.
Great update thank you Shawn this eruption is showing us amazing things. Great learning.. enjoy your field trips
Thank you Shawn.
Thank you Shawn for the update, I love catching the most recent activity in Iceland.👍
Thanks for this update Shawn.
Thanks for the thorough data-driven update! Appreciate the time you set aside to give us your take on the situation, given your particularly busy schedule! Have a great field trip!
Always great videos from Mr Willsey
thanks for the update, Shawn. The resolution on that new lava thickness map is impressive... love resolution on the data!
Thanks
Thank you again, Shawn!
Oh wow. I've had a bit of a week already and totally missed the north side activity. Thank god for all the wonderful footage we have available, so you could share.
Shawn, you are amazing! Thank you so much for all you do for your subscribers! It's wonderful to see someone who loves their work as much as you do. We've learned so much and really appreciate it.
Great info, as always. Thanks for the update, and the history.
Thank you!! Really look forward to your updates. 🙂
Thanks!
Much appreciated. Thanks for supporting geology education
Thank you Sean the maps are really useful to layer up also to see how effective it is to redirect the flow away from strategic areas.
Many thanks. A most coherent update.
The BEST volcano updates available on the interweb!! Thanks!
Some amazing content Shawn, thank you!
Great info. Thank you.
Hello Shawn, wow it's so nice of you to take the time to do an update when you are so busy, your team appreciates you and thanks you :) What about the random roadcut video you wanted to do on your way home from SLC, were you able to do that...?
Wow, saw the backside collapse from the front vantage point when it happened Sunday but so awesome to see it from the other side. Thanks for sharing that view! All of this is so captivating but truly devastating for the town and the people whose lives are forever changed. The evacuation of the town in November is what got my attention to all of this in the first place. Never expected to find volcanoes and earthquakes so fascinating and mesmerizing let alone all the knowledge I've gained because of it. Thank You!!!!
Your updates are so great. If I wasn’t recovering from knee surgery, I’d drive to Idaho and join the upcoming field trip. Thank you for keeping my intellect alive while my new knee settles in. Edit: the new map is so cool!
Best wishes on a speedy recovery. From a guy who’s had four knee surgeries!
Great update Prof, ta V much.
starting my day with Shawn....Aloha Shawn
Thanks Shawn...Amazing lava flow...
Thanks again for the summary 🙂 going through the live stream and Isak's drone, I was surprised about the amount of spectacular things happening. Amazing how fast the land changed over the last 3 weeks. Absolutely Mesmerising.
Thanks, Shawn! Hopefully, you can coordinate a drone flight with Nature Eye.
Ok, this is a seriously cool video no matter how you measure it.
Thankyou Shawn for taking time out for us 🫶
Great Thanks Shawn 🙏🏻
Thanks Shawn.
Thank you I was not able to keep up while I was ill the last few days
Thanks for the update! Great new resources to view the lava field. Hope your talk with the Utah Geological Society went well.
Yes it did. Met some great folks.
Thank you! Awesome!
Aloha Shawn....the North side cone opening is open and stream of lava is still flowing from it....seen via Sandholl live cam just now...
Thank you enjoy yr videos have learnt a lot from them
Thanks so much, just caught up.
Thank you Professor.
Totally mesmerizing.
Thanks so much Shawn I really enjoy your coverage of this spectacular event . I am both learning and enjoying at the same time, can't beat that. So sorry for the Icelanders but they seem to be tough and willing to contend with these outbursts of mother nature. Bob in Va.
Thank you
I saw the witch!!!
Nice 3D model for exploring!
😎☀️ Let's go! Stream time
Thank you for all your great updates. My husband and I plan to be in Iceland in July as part of a cruise with 4 days/4 different ports, and your news makes planning all the more interesting. He is hoping to do a day trip to the Blue Lagoon, but it keeps looking less feasible each day for now. Do you have a currently inactive Icelandic volcano field you recommend for sightseeing or hiking in July?
Thank you Shawn 😊 great update and breakdown 👍 👌 the earth is an amazing living place that is spectacular in all its ways fascinating 😊
Thank you for the update and the education! ❓When you have a chance could you please explain the difference between a 1] shield volcano , 2] composite volcanos, 3] splatter cones, 4] lava domes, 5] cinder cones and/or other types of important volcano types? Thanks again!
Will do this in some upcoming GEOL 101 lectures
Did you see Isaac’s flyover last night. It showed the bottom open up and there were people standing down by it gives a good representation of the immensity of the flow and cone.
❓[14:00] Why is the newer lava not as dark as the older lava? Is it its initial composition, surface mineral deposits or something completely else?
It's the oxidation of the iron and elements. If you look at new lava close it's pretty smooth but then rain and wind and snow hit and chemistry happens. The gray is from the increased light reflected vs the black stuff that's a bit older
Thanks for another informative video. Who knew technology would be such a tool for us to use.
13:10 : See the image/animation. 🤔 ok making that wall around the city, but, the area that lava is flowing, with more layers of lava, with time will harden, become more thick, while the area of the city will keep weak, so, for future eruptions the best/"easy" spot to erupt will be *exactly* the place where the city is... 🙄
Hi Shawn any plans to do a Drone flight soon ?
NatureEye will notify me as soon as they can make it happen. Fingers crossed.
Just a comment, it would be nice if you could show something next to some of these craters so we can ascertain scale.. its so hard to tell how big, wide and tall these things we are seeing really are. Thanks!
Thank you for using my favorite word, "skedaddle"!
Hey Shawn! Do you have a good recording of what the eruptions, etc sound like?
Hi Professor, thank you for your hard word at sharing knowledge about geology. Have a question please;
Can we say that this lasting eruption and specifically this spatter cone, is working as a pressure valve release for the much bigger lava pocket underneath? And consequently avoiding more dramatic eruptions causing damage to the city of Grindavik? Thanks
Xavier from NZ
You didn't mention that the lava is thicker/slower. It is not flowing as far before it stops. The result is a plateau, at "ground level" is building up around the west & south sides of the cone. The effect is to cover the bottom of the cone so it does not appear to be growing as much higher as it actually has. The hidden height is visible from the eastern cameraSo for the last couple days the lava has not been flowing very far to the south towards the town.
Keep up the good work.
Hi team leader!
So basically we can now say that in the evolution of a cone that the large unsupported side will collapse shortly after the lower holes clog and the lake level rises. I believe the east wall also suffered a similar fate shortly after this as well. At the time people suggested it was a tsunami of lava, but the video showed a 300 yard runout over the course of 4 minutes, so if you start 50 meters from the base, it is easy to walk away from one of the collapses.
2:18 (+/-) thanks from the Rio Grande Rift Valley 😂 Shawn (Rio Grande flows about 300m north of me; the headgate for central/northern San Luis Valley irrigation ditches is about 450m notth 😮).
I'm looking at the little red patch/extrusion, just over your white lower screen border, central (over "Hagefell"); I'm wondering if that hot-spot has a story?
Some mole-tunnel of hotter molten lava? A huge spatter ejection? Or would all the black rock we see near camera, have "redhot" rock a few inches below the surface?
I'm also enjoying watching the slow flows midscreen; can pick out a brighter blob 😅 and watch its slow progress past the irregular black channel rim. These observations are better (mine) because the immobile tripod or camera mount is perfectly stable: credit to our Icelandic mentors.
Thanks for these videos, as always, and anyone with a Lava Degree is more than welcome to help me 🎉😂
[Edit; my time stamp is just before you mentioned "this basal conduit" 😅 ]
Hello and thank you for the geology for dummies presentation. It is very easy to follow. My question is, with the magma under so much pressure why does it not eject out like someone standing on a tube of toothpaste. Thank you. Jeff.
What is the source and composition of volcanic gas?
PS - Appreciate the ongoing information on the eruption and other geological information on USA land forms.
The met office website should have the data on the composition but it's mostly sulpher dioxide if memory serves me right. That said the source is the earth itself. Magma like this is often driven to the surface due to the dissolved gases inside. It's why you see those big splatter bursts coming out of the cone. Why it's there.... You best ask a Geologist 😅.
Hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor are most common.
@@shawnwillsey- Thank you
is there a way to place an image of a car next to the cone to see it at scale? ty
? does the hot lava in the lake melt the cone walls , weakening it.....?
I find myself wondering what gradually plugs these openings off. As lava flows subside, we see the gps readings of the Svartsengi group increase mm/day (a steeper line). Is there some kind of plaque that forms layers, gradually restricting flow?
For us just joining- it would be super helpful if you could occasionally say how tall or wide the cone is because it's very hard to get a idea of perspective when looking at the video
Will try and do that but estimates are rough at this point.
@@shawnwillsey thank you for responding!
It was my impression that rather than an obstruction in the basal exit, there was for a time an increase in larval flow rate, I don't know how you can come down haw you can JUST interpret it as a flow channel blockage, an increasing flow would also be a valid interpretation.
Yes and I recognized this on Sunday’s livestream but until we have evidence of increased output, the blockage made more sense. I am open to both interpretations.
Is there a way to calculate how long it takes for the lava flows to cool completely to the (original) ground level? The surface will cool fairly quickly, but the deeper lava bed will be protected…just one of those questions my brain spits out and I don’t know how to figure out the answer. Thanks for sharing your knowledge.
I'm wondering if the hills just to the east of the volcano were built in the same way. Eruption building a spatter cone which then collapses and that pattern continues again and again to build a larger hill. They do appear to have craters at the top.
Looks like wind speed is probably still too high to do that safely.
I think if memory serves me those hills were subglacial but I'm sure a quick google can give you really good info.
Most high points here are subglacial volcanoes (tuya). There are a few shield volcanoes too like the one immediately east of the erupting cone.
Thanks Shawn.
there's an opening on the North side...may have changed....night shot may help see it..
Hey there! Just want to say there is no t at the end of Hagafell. It is -fell as in the old English word fell, meaning hill or mountain. Same as Norwegian fjell or Swedish fjäll.
That is different than what my Icelandic friends are telling me so now I am really confused.
@@shawnwillsey Huh. Checked Wiktionary and IPA gives /fɛtl/ so there may be a soft t-sounding sound *before* the l. I will dig deeper.
@amacotu the "ll" is pronounced "tl" in Icelandic, if I'm not mistaken! ;)
I can remember the collapse of Litli Hrutur as I was there 12h later when a lake had already been established ;-) I guess these spatter cones compare to 3D printing with poor bonding of the layers being printed.
@shawnwillsey Could the last spatter cone block of the flow to the sea if another erruption would take place north of it?
This would rise the danger for the blue lagoon. The new topological map would be awsom, it looks like the south is filed at list up to 90m(w)/85(e). 500m north of it height should be 80m max.
If the spatter cone loses its south east flank and spils some amount south east 200m there would be a 5m+ natural barrier within a year (giving some time to solidify) it closes the Sylingarfell - Midhead - Lyngfell line up to ~90-95m. With the slope of 5m over 1.5km north of the cone and height of 70m east of the flow field ... gvk is safe unless an erruption starts south.
Just curious... What's the approximate height of that cone? It's very hard to judge the scale of those live cam shots. I honestly can't tell if it's 1 meter or 100 meters.
Exciting day here in VA yesterday….the changes in this eruption, the eclipse then BOOM a small earthquake 3 miles from my house last night (just a 2.1 @ 3 mi deep) but it was really a loud boom. No lightning on radar so went out around my house to see if a car had hit house! Reminded me of the folks in 18:55 living w frequent and sometimes much larger ones!
Aftershock from the large New Jersey earthquake from a few days ago? And stay safe!
There was no obstruction. There is a slow motion video showing a gradual increase in flow while the outlet is clearly open. It was an overflow due to increased activity. It overflowed until the increased flow eroded a hole in the back side of the spatter cone.
🤔 I'm pretty sure he showed the lower escape hole getting plugged from a collapse. That started the filling of the crater
That's exactly what I thought; perhaps it was that steep rise in land uplift that was the catalyst after all.
I have the eruption playing on 3 large screen TV's each one shows the vent from different angles. The flow at the "front" toe did infact slow down before the large flow over the "front"edge. Slowly, the flow increased to the point, it ate through to the flow that was at the toe. Both were flowing fast and freely. You could clearly see the level inside the cone raising with both the edge and toe flows. After a few hours, it over topped to the left of the edge and toe flows. That over flow ate a large hole which poured a massive amount out. Quickly following that another crack formed "behind" the front view, which also put out a large flow but not nearly as large as the first.
From watching Isak's latest video there are 3 places at the toe of the cone where it is "leaking/flowing"
@@jamesbong4928 Do you prefer your volcanic activity shaken or stirred? Or just ripped?
❓Why do we not see any obvious degassing ("smoke") after the lava clears the spatter cone? Why does it all see to come while the lava is transiting under the base of the cone? Is it just trapped to just a few spots where it is able to escape? Is it just moving more slowly through that area so it has more time to degas there?
Most is coming out top of cone when gas bubbles burst and throw clots of lava up.
@@shawnwillsey And then the next biggest amount is through the base of the cone, as the lava "slowly" moves through there (and is maybe concentrated somewhat as it percolates through the structure of the cone base)? Once out in the lava flow, going away from the cone, there is less to off-gas and it is not channelled by cone material?
The university: Shawn, we want you to sit at a desk most of the day, thinking.
Also the university: You gotta dance around the room or we switch your lights off!
Yours is not the only university that thinks like that... It baffles me.
Looks like there is a picture of some one holding something
So that shield volcano has nothing to do with these fishers eruption?
❤❤❤
Will the cooled rock re-melt when it falls into the lava lake?
Yes it can
Is the variation output partially due to gravitational forces from the moon on the liquid magma chamber.
I would think the new moon like on April 8th might have some effect.
No lunar effect on lava output.
@@shawnwillsey
Science Direct
"The dynamics of a long-lasting effusive eruption modulated by Earth tides"
P.S. I've called the cone 'The Willsey Cone' 😁
Oh boy. Let’s hope that doesn’t stick.