How Some Words Get Forgetted
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- čas přidán 22. 05. 2024
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English is a confusing language for many reasons. But the irregular verbs might be the most confusing part. Why is “told” the past tense of “tell” but “smold” isn’t the past tense of “smell”? It turns out that the study of irregular verbs can teach us a lot about how languages evolve. This week, we look at how the era of Big Data is unlocking secrets behind the weirdness of words.
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REFERENCES:
Uncharted: Big Data as a Lens on Human Culture - Erez Aiden and Jean-Baptiste Michel amzn.to/2MLBEHF
Words and Rules - Steven Pinker amzn.to/2vKL1kf
Lieberman, Erez, et al. "Quantifying the evolutionary dynamics of language." Nature 449.7163 (2007): 713.
Michel, Jean-Baptiste, et al. "Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books." Science (2010): 1199644.
Hanley, M. L., Joos, M., & Fein, T. (1937). Word index to James Joyce's Ulysses. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
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Fly
Find
Grind
Bind
Wind/Unwind
Dude in video: Hi smart people!
Me: Sorry you must have the wrong number
You're only as smart as you want to be.
Wow, so smart
@@rainjar nice theory but it's been debunked by the stupid people
Glaring hah
well yes but yes
Yeeted or yote?
Yote
Yeotd
yut
Yate
yaw, yet, yote, really there are so many smh
There’s also “hang.” Generally, the past tense is “hung” except when it comes to the execution method of hanging, then we say someone was “hanged.” Though I have noticed that seems to be fading out as well and often hear people just naturally say “hung” because it’s what they’re used to and say far more often so it’s almost instinctive lol.
Yeah and saying he was hanged is quite different to saying he was hung
Like cost and costed.
@@carrotisalie LMFAO
he got hanged, he was hung.
The hanged man
The hung man
As an Italian, I remember when in middle school they made us memorize around 50/70 irregular english verbs, and that was when I realized I could form actual sentences, tell simple stories and carry small conversation (keep in mind I was 12 and Italian education isn't the best, so that is where I was back then). Turns out those irregular verbs are also the most used ones, uh?
I wish I could do the same with French.
The irregular verbs in Italian are common ones too, by and large, and Italian has a lot (not as many as French or English i don't think): essere, avere, fare, dire, scrivere, udire, vedere, ascoltare, mettere, tenere, aprire, chiudere I could go on. It's easy for you to know the irregular verbs in Italian because it's your first language, whereas I'm learning it as a non native. Like how I have to try and remember that the conjugation of udire is odo, odi, ode, udiamo, udite, odono and thst the past participle of spegnere is spento, not spegnuto
When he said "Google," my phone heard him, thought it was me and did a search. He is indeed powerful
Keep voice recognition turned off. Its a serious serious hassle. I dont use it. My fingers work just fine. Im sure you like it. Dont stop using it. Its not for me though.
@@Darkstar..... Your sentences sound like that short guy from Cleveland Show.
Dark Star oh “Don't stop using it”
You mean I have to stop “stop using” the voice recognition
All the time man
IBrainedMyDamage there’s something called computers and tablets, ya know?
My English teacher would choke to death if she saw this thumbnail
Chungus Review not if they are a descriptivist linguist :)
Show her it. Mwhahahahaha
MY endlig
If my english teacher seed this thumbnail she wood kill her self
XxCurios GamingxX *see
“English is complicated”
Other languages: NoUnS hAvE gEnDeRs
ok nevermind english is worse
Other languages: sOmE wOrDs hAvE fOrMaL aNd iNfOrMaL vErSiOnS
And then there are people who get confused on what nouns to use when the meet non-binary people
Verbs have aspects. They are almost impossible to explain in plain English.
Javanese smiles in all levels of Javanese.
im learning french and it is so hard to comprehend the whole informal and formal thing
Okay, but I'm never giving up my pt endings.
Wept, slept, crept, kept.
ikr theres just something oddly satisfying about the look and sound of them
I agree.
Were fukt
How "apt"!
I doubted it.
"English is complicated"
Me: * laughs in French *
*Laughs in chinese*
Lol French is downright simple compared to English. Your grammar rules aren’t convoluted like ours. Our rules and pronunciations have multiple exceptions to exceptions to exceptions.
*laughs in Arabic*
How can the verb "avoir" (to have) be conjugated in French ?
INDICATIF
*Présent*
j'ai
tu as
il a
nous avons
vous avez
ils ont
*Passé composé*
j'ai eu
tu as eu
il a eu
nous avons eu
vous avez eu
ils ont eu
*Imparfait*
j'avais
tu avais
il avait
nous avions
vous aviez
ils avaient
*Plus-que-parfait*
j'avais eu
tu avais eu
il avait eu
nous avions eu
vous aviez eu
ils avaient eu
*Passé simple*
j'eus
tu eus
il eut
nous eûmes
vous eûtes
ils eurent
*Passé antérieur*
j'eus eu
tu eus eu
il eut eu
nous eûmes eu
vous eûtes eu
ils eurent eu
*Futur simple*
j'aurai
tu auras
il aura
nous aurons
vous aurez
ils auront
*Futur antérieur*
j'aurai eu
tu auras eu
il aura eu
nous aurons eu
vous aurez eu
ils auront eu
CONDITIONNEL
*Présent*
j'aurais
tu aurais
il aurait
nous aurions
vous auriez
ils auraient
*Passé*
j'aurais eu
tu aurais eu
il aurait eu
nous aurions eu
vous auriez eu
ils auraient eu
SUBJONCTIF
*Présent*
que j'aie
que tu aies
qu'il ait
que nous ayons
que vous ayez
qu'ils aient
*Passé*
que j'aie eu
que tu aies eu
qu'il ait eu
que nous ayons eu
que vous ayez eu
qu'ils aient eu
*Imparfait*
que j'eusse
que tu eusses
qu'il eût
que nous eussions
que vous eussiez
qu'ils eussent
*Plus-que-parfait*
que j'eusse eu
que tu eusses eu
qu'il eût eu
que nous eussions eu
que vous eussiez eu
qu'ils eussent eu
IMPERATIF
*Présent*
aie
ayons
ayez
*Passé*
aie eu
ayons eu
ayez eu
INFINITIF
*Présent*
avoir
*Passé*
avoir eu
PARTICIPE
*Présent*
ayant
*Passé*
eu
ayant eu
GERONDIF
*Présent*
en ayant
*Passé*
en ayant eu
*Laughs in Nynorsk
English: Im really hard to learn
Almost every other language: Hold my verbs
What's that profile picture is about I see everyone using that
@@vargvikernes4859 idk
@@ryanxin1848 then why you're using that lol
@@vargvikernes4859 just becauae
Saltanat Kadyrbekova its a youtuber maxmillianmus or something
I have been seeing people write “could of” instead of “could have” and it’s really really grating on me. I can feel my soul leaving my body every time I see it.
Technically, the word "very" should be used instead of "really."
@@alankent If you’re talking about the usage of really in the sentence “it’s really really grating on me”, there isn’t anything wrong with it, considering really is an adverb and grating is a verb and adverbs are supposed to be used with verbs. Also very is supposed to be used with an adjective and considering grating isn’t an adjective it wouldn’t work here.
I could of listened to this comment but I won't:}
@@alankent Does “it’s very very grating on me” sound right at all? No it’s better as “it’s really really grating on me” at least learn to use grammar and spell first before trying to correct people
@@erase_mello plot twist I like both
As a non native English speaker, I've always thought this was the reason why it felt easy to learn the very basics of English but amazingly hard to master it. There are SO MANY EXCEPTIONS to grammar rules that it's crazy how you people learn it from the start haha. On the other hand, Spanish (my native language) seems to me to be rrally hard for you to learn, as our language structure is more complex, but once an English-speaking person manages to dominate that.. Well, then it's easier to master it. Another really interestingly weird and even frustrating thing about english is how many words are pronounced the same way despite even being written different and have totally different meanings. That's rarer in spanish. Anyways. I loved this video
It was never hard for me to learn english because I playd lots of videogames, and I google translated all the words I didn't know, and as the result I spoke fluent english when I was 6th grade
English speakers will hate on Chinese for having to memorize every character (when it’s basically a word) but fail to mention how you just have to memorize every words’ pronunciation, spelling, and tenses. And a bunch of it does not match up, so if you see something similar to another word chances are there is nothing similar in pronunciation or tenses. And even English speakers are constantly making mistakes in everyday convo 💀
Yeah, I'm learning spanish and I feel bad for those who have to learn english
irregular verbs aren't hard to learn or grammar, what i hate the most in english is its inconsistent pronunciation, some words even are pronounced in three ways or i sometimes hear that they don't pronounce it like in the dictionaries, like the word "process" that has two ways of pronouncing it and one of them is for the verb and the other is for the noun, but they just use the pronunciation of the verb for both meanings, which it's kind of annoying or some words have double pronunciation but in the dictionaries don't come up, english is a troll Lol
One of my favourite ways to show English is stupid is the following, reasonably famous phrase:
English is easy, but it can be learned through tough thorough thought though
Each one of those OU sounds are different. My housemate, who isn't native English, couldn't even try and start it lol
*_"Do worms have butts?"_* 😂😂
Tosh T yeah I had to pause the video to double check I read that right.
yes they do doesnt seem like he liked biology class much this guy
Anonymous edgy nerd Probably not. That’s why he decided to do phd in biology
Yes they do. When I picked one up recently, it pooped in my hand out of fear (I was wearing gloves though)
I just commented that to lol
As a non english speaker, it was so hard to learn irregular verbs, we used to do so many tests on them and eventually I learnt them by heart in alphabetical order. Everytime I hear "awake" I feel like adding "awoke, awoken" or "be" with "was, were, been", that's how traumatised I am, only when I got into university I learnt that it's easier study them by sound and phonetically but it was already too late for me
Fra Don't mess with beans Where did you learn English? I've only ever heard "learned," not "learnt" but in another discussion in this comment section someone mentioned "t" endings as being British
@@32fps I'm italian and europeans study british english. I've always wrote "dreamt" and not "dreamed" as well, not sure if "dreamed" is american... I remember that points were removed from my written and oral exams if I used any american english like writing "color" instead of "colour". Also, here in Italy at least, you're considered "bad at english" if you can't imitate a british accent, my teacher used to give more points in speaking tests if you could speak like a briton.
Fra Don't mess with beans Omg that's amazing! Haha I had no idea; I knew there were differences between American English and British English but I never realized verb tenses were one of them. It's odd too because dreamt sounds better to me than dreamed, but I've always used learned. Guess it all goes back to which one you heard first. The accent thing is a bit odd though... although I suppose I just enjoy listening to people's accents when they speak English, makes it more interesting (but then again most people don't like "American" accents, including us XD). At least when I've been taught languages no one pushes you to have the correct accent... I suppose that's why we sound horrible when speaking other languages v_v
Christine Douglas the differences are only in the way some words are spelled and they have some words like trainers (athletic shoes) that we don’t use in the USA. but sentence structure and grammar is all the same
English is my 4th language and I can kind of relate, it was hard for me to learn irregular verbs at first but with revising and dedication, I learnt them from revising repeatedly. I think I started to remember them well in 3rd grade. I've always been interested in British English since I was young, I was the only one in my class who studied English hard to learn it, not just to get good marks. I taught myself English by watching CZcams and reading lots of books. I'm in 10th grade and I'm still trying to learn more and more. I think it's the easiest language that I know and it's fun to learn more because it's easier for me than other languages.
I like the reason “England got invaded a lot” more
But it's a lame reason
You mean "England got invode a lot"?
@@mewmagic545 OMG I WAS ABOUT TO SAY THAT
YOU ARE A MAGIC
It's an incorrect reason though.
It's a reason for weird English stuff, but not the reason for this particular phenomenon.
Some interesting things I found with the Google program:
Peking changes to Beijing in the 1980s
Moscow becomes less significant after 1990
The german word for evil-"böse" is most prevalent in 1940-1950
The use of the german city names in eastern Europe drop dramatically after 1950 (Königsberg,Preßburg,Breslau,etc.)
Rhodesia,Burma and Ceylon loose prevalence after the 50s
Keks becomes a german word around 1900 and explodes in use. (Keks comes from cake and is our word for cookie now :) )
While biscuit comes from the Italian 'biscotti', meaning 'twice baked'.
Peking to Beijing was a result of their government adopting a phonetic spelling of Mandarin in place of the Cantonese used in most western countries (since that was where most Chinese living in the West came from).
And "loose" has exploded in use since the 2000s. 🙄
"joe hanson"
"how tall is joe hanson"
"pictures of joe hanson"
"how many twitter followers does joe hans..."
*"do worms have butts"*
Who is this guy and what does he have to do with worm butts?
yes
He is unlocking the secrets of life leave them be
Le Epic Troll bruh
You forgot about Spotzen
2:00
The verbs in English are a fright.
How can we learn to read and write?
Today we speak, but first we spoke;
Some faucets leak, but never loke.
Today we write, but first we wrote;
We bite our tongues, but never bote.
Each day I teach, for years I taught,
And preachers preach, but never praught.
This tale I tell; this tale I told;
I smell the flowers, but never smold.
If knights still slay, as once they slew,
Then do we play, as once we plew?
If I still do as once I did,
Then do cows moo, as they once mid?
-Richard Lederer
You're welcome internet.
Christopher Baker Thank you.
Have you paid Mr Lederer for reproducing his copyrighted work?
Meny thenk
Thonk you.
I normally hate poetry but that's one damn good poem.
How to roughly translate languages:
Find the probability of all the words in the unknown language, relate them to the ones you know of the same probability, boom a rough translation
English people: "English is complicated!"
Me: *laughs in Russian, French, German, Greek, Latvian & Latin looking at the colleague laughing in Hungarian & Chinese*
*Laughs also in arabic*
Wait a minute.. what about ELGLISH?!
I totally didn’t misspell English
Until you try to sound out a word you've never seen before
forshi, no kurienes tu esi? sveicieni tev no latvijas.
@@madbruv Paldies. Sveicieni pretī no Rīgas. 😉👍
But what is an irregular verb, and how much does it weigh?
*Vsause Music*
Fun fact: Regular verbs woghe 4 grammes in the 1800s, but in the past decade, they've weighed at least 6 grams.
Irregular verbs, however, are harder to weigh, as they irregularly change their regular weight. But last time I woghe them, they were approximately woghed at 2 gramophones.
Ask the Kelloggs. They've been in the business of weighing regularity.
Hahaha! Vsauce is a weird and interesting person. 😅
*Casually writes irregular verbs onto paper and weighs it*
About 2 grams.
"... and how much does it *weighted* "
I love the fact that people once spoke pie. "Yea, I'm fluent in PIE."
I'm fluent in DONUT 😉
@@LisaBeergutHolst im eating a donut rn lol
I dont think that this is what it was called
I'm fluent in pi
3.1415926535897932395033832
We had pi in math, now we have it in language?
1:50
We've got a Joe Hanson stalker on out hands bois
2:32 I'm so glad I only became a linguist after the advent of concordancing software :)
What about phrases. I grew up in Australia with Irish parents. My mum would say 'dress the bed', not 'make the bed'. In Australia we shorten words. We have a colloquial expression for having a quick look around called 'having a stickybeak'. We aussies shorten the phrase to 'have a sticky'. My father was a strict Irish Catholic and had never been in a protestant church (Catholic law used to forbid it as a mortal sin). I was in England as a young adult and assumed the Brits had the same idioms as Australians. My English cousin asked me how religious my father was. I merely said that he'd only just gone into a Protestant Church to satisfy his curiosity as the rule forbidding Catholics from entering a protestant church had been changed. My cousin almost fainted when I informed her that my dad just went in for a 'quick sticky'. She cried out, 'He did what!" Perplexed, I said, 'You know, to have a sticky. (eyes popping out cousin's head). You know, a sticky break. (still confused) to have a look around...... It turned out that she thought my dad had gone into the church to masturbate!
He wouldn't be the first
😂😂😂😂😂
I read this whole comment with a weird mixture of Irish and Australian accent in my head 😂
That was wild from start to finish
I would have thought the same thing too 😂😂😂
I don’t see any comments about this but I absolutely love those Vsauce references, really cracked me up
Especially the eyebrow raise with the "or is it?" background music
I swear😂
3:52 even the bg sound too
Idk the reference seems a bit "tacky"
Hahahhahahaha YES
Its cute when children say "I breaked my toy"
Me: Ahhhhhhhhhhhh (complete mental breakdown and almost explodes)
Very late to the party but, in translation, concordances are still used! They are very helpful for extracting key terms from large bodies of text. We also use it concordances for phrases to see what has been translated a certain way most often
Spelt or spelled.
Dreamt or dreamed.
Burnt or burned.
Learnt or learned.
Smelt or smelled.
Hung or hanged.
Spelled is a recent regularization.
Dreamed is a regularization in the near future.
dreamed is used
The last one is always "Hung" as far as I know, except for in the case of hanging someone, in which case it is always hanged. I think the others are interchangeable although there might be some minor differences.
I THINK, for most of those, the ones ending in "t" are the UK spelling, and the "ed" ones are the US spelling. As for hung vs hanged, that's a usage variable. There IS a difference, but I'd have to look it up.
@@denniswilson3902 "Hanged" is used specifically for the act of actually hanging someone, like killing them. Not just hanging them or another object over something, but using a noose on them.
PBS, you're doing a great job being engaging without trying too hard to be trendy and I'm very proud of you.
I'm happy I looked in the comment to this video! This is a really nice comment! Makes a good change! And you're right, PBS is great for this sort of content! Are you a science-lover!?
@@TommoCarroll everyone should be a science lover
Forgetted? is that a English word? I have seen anyone using it. I can't even find it from the dictionary. Forgetted? I learned a new word.
@@TommoCarroll yeah because of watching bill nye and magic school bus as a kid and even now watching vsauce
@@seanleith5312 yeah the whole point of the video is that words change, people used to say forgetted but don't anymore
I immediately thought about Vsauce's video! Cool and hilarious way to reference/credit Michael's video :)
This video is So Very Interesting and Beautiful to Me because, my youngest and I love making up New words that we use extremely often enough that our close people know what they are and uses them back. Some things crazy that, we started by keeping baby words(bables) around longer than we were babies. I kept using the bables of my siblings and introducing them to my own children to the point that they don't know if they are words in another language or baby bable.
Technically speaking, even if you only read a single book, you HAVE read a fraction of all books.
Not a large fraction, but a fraction none the less.
You don't actually have to read _any_ books - 0/[a lot] is still a fraction.
Boi/gurl u know what he meant
Which also could mean that if one reads the alphabet , it would be a fraction as well . I think...
Interesting, *raises eyebrow*!
Couldn't you technically read one word and still have read a fraction?
2:00 "do worms have butts" lol now I'm curious 😂
nope
their poop comes out of one end of the worm and makes worm poop
and they look like mini dirt hills
@@ristal2714 LMAO NOT U RPLYING A YEAR AFTER SJJSJSJSJS
Yes, that's where dirt comes from. No joke.
@@stevedoetsch no dirt is like sand where it’s just tiny rocks but with plant matter mashed in between
Lol
Left out of this is the _opposite_ phenomenon. Many of the "irregular" verbs fit into one of the "strong" verb paradigms, which are themselves regular. You mentioned one: sing/sang/sung. An interesting thing is that verbs that get used often can make the jump from the "weak" paradigm of marking the past tense or past participle with -ed to using a strong paradigm, because we associate those paradigms with common verbs that sound similar. An example of this would be "wear", which was originally a weak verb, but over time shifted towards using one of the strong paradigms: wear/wore/worn, which is the same paradigm as bear/bore/born.
As a side benefit, once you notice this in English, it can make learning other West Germanic languages, like Dutch and German, much easier.
“We almost never say words like halux”
Me: oh that’s a Zelda boss, right?
My native language is German. It’s like the weirdest language ever.
Oh wait, there’s still French!
I think the German grammar actually makes a lot more sense than in most romance languages. German's not a hard language to learn, because if you follow the rules (and can remember them all) it does pay off.
Und meine Muttersprache ist Englisch. Ich finde Deutsch sehr logisch. Die Regeln funktionieren, obwohl es sehr viele Regeln gibt. Im Gegensatz dazu hat Französisch wenigere Regeln -- die oft nicht funktionieren. Deutsche Redewendungen sind typisch lustig und einprägsam, während die Französche sind oft wie willkürliche Wortsammlungen. Doch weiter zu meinem Punkt. Englisch ist grundlich eine Mischung von sehr altes Französisch und vier sogar ältere Germanische Sprachen. Würde man eine neue Sprache erfinden. wäre es eine gute Idee Erfolg mittels eine Mischung von Deutsch und Französch zu suchen? Deshalb ist meiner Meinung nach, Englisch viel seltsamer als Deutsch -- und auch der Grund dafür das englische Rechtschreibung ein totaler Unglück ist.
Have you looked at the polish language
Meine Meinung! Ich hasse Französisch, es ist mir einfach zu kompliziert
I'm italian so for me french was easier to learn as they're both latin languages. Now studying german was a *disaster*. I had to learn like 50 words for every test because you never knew if the article was Die, Der or Das, the gender isn't even the same as italian so I just couldn't guess. What's even worst is that you also have to study what their plural is since there isn't a fixed rule. You also had to remember to put a capital letter for every noun in written tests otherwise my teacher would remove points. And what I feared the most were the speaking tests. You had to remember so many things at once, like deciding if the verb was going at the very end or not, if the article or adjective needed to have a declension, what case of declension was needed, die der den das dem?? I'm sorry it was a living nightmare, I had no idea how I got german b2. Italian in comparison is very very easy, since the hardest thing I can think of is the huge amount of verb tenses (we have like 8 past tenses) and ways you can say a verb and you need to see which one fits the most.
Now I really curious
...DO WORMS HAVE BUTTS?!?!
Depends on the type of worm. Roundworms, earthworms, leeches and all of those do, and their butts are equivalent to people's faces. Flatworms don't have them though, as just like jellyfish, they can't poop, just barf.
Google it
@@jaschabull2365 woah
Wow
I'm*
An Ngram review of transport methods was interesting as it also reflects societies' engagement with those transport methods. (Lengthy bookmark to the ngram at the bottom of this comment will probably have to be copy/pasted).
- CAR/AUTOMOBILE peaked in 1920 with automobile declining in favour of car ever since. There was an overall decline of coverage until around 1995 when car usage shoots upjust to begin dipping down again from 2015.
- PLANE peaked over the 1940-1970 period and whilst slightly declining, was used consistently until it began dipping down again from 2015.
- TRAIN was at its peak 1890-1920 and declined all the way through to 1990. Usage has been increasing steadily since then, exceeding PLANE for the first time around 2015.
- BUS usage became popular from 1920 (just as TRAIN declined) and climbed steadily but slowly until 2015. Usage of BUS has been declining since 2015.
- BIKE/BICYCLE has not been used as much as any of the words above and after a blip around 1895, settled to low usage. That was until about 1990, since when usage has steadily climbed. The use of BIKE exceeded AUTOMOBILE in 2010 and grows as AUTOMOBILE usage shrinks.
- TRAM never seems to have been popular, only matching BICYCLE usage around 1910 before fading away again. Usage of TRAM has risen tiny but steady amounts since a low in 1980 and now gets about 25% of the usage that BICYCLE enjoys.
Given that we could logically suppose that the usage of the word is relative to the use/desire to use that transport method in some way, it suggests that it's time to get out of PLANES, into TRAINS and out of AUTOMOBILES. Meanwhile BUSES are becoming slightly less popular whilst TRAMS never have been. Heartening for the planet though is that there is increased interest in people getting on their BIKES.
books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=car%2C+automobile%2C+train%2C+bus%2C+plane%2C+tram%2C+bicycle%2C+bike&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Ccar%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cautomobile%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ctrain%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cbus%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cplane%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ctram%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cbicycle%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cbike%3B%2Cc0
Proto
İndo
European
“Did someone say pie, i want pie, give me some pie!”
π
Not a verb, but I'm bringing back the word "betwixt" in lieu of "between." It hit it's peak around 1650, but give it a few decades, it'll come back around
I wish the middle English pronouns would make a comeback too. They just make so much sense. And the -ence, -ither words.
do you mean _bringing back_ ?
? middle English pronouns are virtually the same as modern ones. The main difference is the spelling.
why? bringing back all those good old English words eh? Like " in lieu of" ...
Khasab that's French
I read a novel by Charles Dickens recently (my first time reading a work of his) and he continuously uses the word ‘lighted’ not ‘lit’ which I found very interesting and now I have an answer, thank you
You could also say "one of his literary works" which makes it sound kind of fancy.
Some say that those words have different meanings. You LIT the candle. Then the candle LIGHTED the hallway. But in present tense, they're both just "light".
@@cedrichua3476 Huh? Who's "we"? I use that type of double possessive phrase sometimes, and I thought that a lot of other people do, too. Wait---are you saying that it's old-fashioned!? I never realized that. I thought that double-possessive was an oddity of the English language that would be impossible to eliminate now. But maybe I was wrong.
@@cedrichua3476 thats funny coz ive never ready any of his works and i say "work of his" (btw im american too)
@@cedrichua3476 well, for me it's not stupid, it genuinely made me curious because that's how I usually say/write it too except I never personally realized it until you pointed it out. I'm not a native English speaker and I don't live in an environment where people speak English on a daily basis, so I don't notice these subtle nuances as much. Very thought provoking actually.
Thank you so much for uploading this video. It is helping me get through the pandemic!
"Hey smart people, Joe here."
Dumb people: excuse me?!?
Hey thanks for the shout! This was fascinating. Museums should make concordances of the words in all of their wall labels and text. Would be an excellent way to identify the overused and unhelpful worst offenders of art speak!
Huh?
Hey thanks for the shout! This was fascinating. Museums should make concordances of the words in all of their wall labels and text. Would be an excellent way to identify the overused and unhelpful worst offenders of art speak
I’ve thought about this for a very long time. SpongeBob’s father has a darker skin tone than his son and wife, which leads me to believe he is a full-blooded sponge of color. SpongeBob’s mother has only a semi-darker skin tone than her son, so I infer she is mixed race, which would explain the next member of SpongeBob’s family. SpongeBob’s grandmother has a darker skin tone than her possible daughter, which would explain her as biracial. But SpongeBob’s grandmother is never told to be his maternal or paternal grandparent which is compromising to my theory but only on a small scale. Now, SpongeBob’s cousin Blackjack has a tan skin tone reminiscent of SpongeBob’s mother’s, which means there are more sponges of color in the SquarePants family. Now, time for some math, SpongeBob’s father is full-blooded and his mother is mixed race, so let’s assume she is half sponge of color, now this would mean SpongeBob is 3/4ths sponge of color. In conclusion, with SpongeBob being 3/4ths sponge of color, I believe he has free reign to say the N-word.
What about his cousin spongebill or whatever who judt couldnt stop being annoying
*claps*
Don’t forget that his ancestor SpongeBuck looks exactly like him
I went ahead and let chief know that this is it for you. At ease, soldier.
*claps* You have earned my respect.
I'm not a smart person but this video is interesting!
I love it so much! Like knowing verbs like: Applaud-Applauded(rarely used) but Keep-Kept(frequently used). I slightly understood or understanded?
Great video Man!😊
I'm doing an exam on language right now and this was indeed very interesting. Great content, mate.
“I before E except after C”
wEIrd
It is weird indeed neighbor. But how much does weird... weigh?
There are far more words that defy that rule than follow it.
receive, foreign, counterfeit, neither, einsteinium, canoeing, height, fleeing, feisty, seize, reinforce, forfeit, apartheid, deceit, leisure, neighbor, either, their, weight, beige, seismic, eight, being, kaleidoscope, caffeine, protein, monotheism, conceit, heinous, seeing, etc.
@@jamyreaf A lot of those words don't count because either they come from another language, or there is just a prefix/suffix added.
@@gabor6259 doesn't almost every word in the english language come from another language lol
I have a poem titled “search history” :
Do worms have Butts?
How many twitter followers does Joe Hanson have?
Pictures of Joe Hanson
How tall is Joe Hanson?
Joe Hanson.
Sincerelyy Eccentric haha so I wasn’t the first to notice
Sincerelyy Eccentric a
Apparently Equivalate isn't a word. I think it should be.
Ex: This equivalates to that.
Rather than: This is the equivalent to/of that.
Word: Equivalate
My def: to be the equivalent of.
I love this so much
@@Speed001 you already have the word equal.
One car equals three boats.
My child uses the contraction "amn't" and I don't have the heart to stop him.
In do use it as well
For me it's all 'ay' as in:
I ay
you ay
We ay
He/She/It ay
They ay
I personally believe that it's ok to use incorrect grammar if you're doing it for fun and if you'd be able to switch to to the correct one if forced to write an essay or something for school. God knows I do this all the time while chatting with ppl irl. Definitely don't stop him, lol
This is the most interesting grammar video I have ever sawed!
'People tend to write down language'
i wOUlD hAvE NeVEr GueSSeD
chinese with the couple thousand characters: *uh oh*
Damn did you say that? Or did you write that? Perhaps you typed that?
Not all languages are in literate cultures.
In Old English, they had 3 types of verbs: immutable or 'weak' verbs (what we would today call 'regular' verbs, where the central vowel doesn't change, and which form their past tense simply by adding -ed), mutable or 'strong' verbs (verbs where the central vowel changes in the past tense, like drink-drank-drunk / break-broke-broken), and lastly, fully irregular verbs. From the root vowel and the ending of the verb infinitive, it was obvious in Old English which verbs were mutable and which immutable; thankfully the irregular verbs were few in number, but were also the commonest verbs, and one was able to remember them because of common use (as discussed in the video). However, once Norman French started interfering with English, the difference became less obvious. The rules that helped us recognise mutable verbs from immutable verbs couldn't be applied to foreign loanwords, and so fell out of use; verbs which would once have been considered regular mutable verbs are now ALL classed as 'irregular'.
Although French is often blamed for English becoming weird, I've heard claims that loanwords had nothing to do with it. English just had a number of sound shifts *after* the Norman French, that eventually made it difficult to tell which were weak or strong verbs. This process is apparently also what broke down the case and gender system English once had. The rules used to distinguish these things had become obscure after sound shifts merged and shifted certain sounds over time.
Languages take in loanwords all the time. They don't tend to completely collapse a language's case and gender system.
Can’t trust a lingual history written by a person that uses “commonest”
What fascinates me is that while the past forms of many verbs are irregular, there's not a single irregular present participle. Every single one gets the "-ing" ending.
I think "clad" is about done for in favor of "clothed". I think some high contenders for regularization are "drived", "catched", and "teached".
Scantily clad is very much alive.
Asleep, alive, abrew. Basically sleeping living, brewing.
I "READ" the book.
the above sentence is in present tense or past tense?
English is confusing.
""We have the feet that smell and nose that run!!!""
8:58 Wow... I really used to say things the unconventional way. For years, people made fun of me for the way I spoke. I used to say "dove" and "wed" instead of "dived" and "wedded" I had to change my writing because I was being failed in courses for the way I wrote. Moreover, people often wouldn't understand what I meant as I spoke. So, I had to change to adapt.
Dove is correct...
@@nicholaswilley9001 I'm aware. Unfortunately, it appears that most people aren't.
@@Ana.Forlin I'm curious as to what subject you took that would require a written submission of coursework (that would evidently count towards your grade)?...Safely inferring as you did, that they are superior in the knowledge of the 'written English language'. How has the establishment even been allowed to grade papers? Given that it is the general consensus a fluent English speaker AND writer would be the one grading the paper. Otherwise you may as well have took it up-on yourself to grade your own writing. Which tells me, it wasn't English you took, nor was it a subject requiring the proper use of English language, I.e screen writing or law... Please enlighten me? :)
@@stucutt2828 exactly. unless it's English or related cource, no one will fail you for misspelling one or two words.
@@stucutt2828 I'm not sure as to where you are located, but in Canada (at least Atlantic Canada), professors have complete autonomy in the creation and assessment of their course curriculum. They can grade papers as they please.
The specific course I think of each time I recall that awful experience is "ENGL 1201: Introduction to Principles of Literary Analysis". My professor quite literally called me into his office to talk about why I was failing -- apparently, he had to read my paper 5 times to actually understand my point. I'll quote his words -- "the first 4 times, I was scratching my head, trying to figure out what your point was. The fifth time, I realised that you really did have a point, but due to the flowery and elaborate language you used, I was more focussed on consulting the dictionary to understand what you were trying to say, and your point was lost. It's almost like a work of art, but unfortunately, I can't pass this paper. I'll reconsider if it rewrite it in simple language without the long words". I asked him why my use of long words was such an issue, as the problem clearly wasn't typos or incorrect grammar, spelling or punctuation. He said that no modern day English speaker can decipher this paper on their first read, and will have to read it several times to understand it.
I'm a huge fan of english's lost letters. þ, I think is a very logical letter to have, just to highlight my favorite.
How is it pronounced
Red Hiding Hood It’s pronounced ‘th’.
@@idk-ch7hj ohh cool
Well it's much too late to change it.
Still used in Icelandic with the same sound 'th' (TH sound in 'thought' not 'the') :)
Goosebumped when *that* music played...
2:00
"Do worms have butts?"
Good question...I'm gonna google that
Can't people in CZcams comment section just forget the word "first" 😒
꧁ Nora ꧂ true
They are proud they firsted (or furst?)
It just cannot be holp
Firsted - dangerous
firstn't
We have found Joe Hanson's biggest fan: Joe Hanson
Amazing videos as always :)
Excellent video! Thanks!
I've heard a lot of people say "Wedded" insetad of wed lol
_insetad_
Koalauren * instead
Losted
Don't they have different functions?
That's because to be wedded to something is a common phrase. To wed is rather an archaic verb, to marry and to be married is usual.
On the other hand newly married people are frequently called newly weds.
Anyone who's learned foreign languages knows it's the common verbs that are irregular, often because the modified form is easier to say.
Why to wed has gone out of fashion might even be due to uncertainty, saying he married her at a church wedding, avoids doubt but also repitition. To marry at a marriage ceremony sounds equally stupid.
1:59 next video. “Do worms have butts?”
BoW Skittlez DO IT!!!!
Video after that biography of joe hanson
BoW Skittlez
No, the next video is: "About - Spotzen"
I love the history of languages, especially the English language. There was a British series called (Now, I may be wrong about the title, but it's a close approximation.) "Adventures in English: The History of a Language." It was such a fascinating story and I've never seen anything like it since. (dangling participle)
A really great series on PBS years ago called "The Story of English" hosted by Robert MacNeal.
Damn, tacky got back handed. Really asserted his dominance there.
I once used the word 'gladdened' in an English test paper. My teacher marked it wrong but I had checked it beforehand and knew it was a word. I didn't know words could die and this is very interesting to me. Thank you for the informative video.
Im pretty sure gladdened is still a word, it’s just not used in the most common sentence, for instance if you were to say “I am gladdened” it’s present tense but the verb is past however the sentence still makes sense and you’re speaking in the third person which you rarely use
you can always remember this one:
supercalifragilisticexbialidocious
Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious*.
How about pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis?
@@emmansvlogz4535 I practiced saying that word a while ago so I can say it fluently now.
@@madamii weird flex but okay
@@pmmeurcatpics You're not wrong
It's not about verbs, but something that I've noticed that's rapidly changing is comparative adjectives. More frequently, those regular comparatives -- those that use suffixes 'er' for comparative and 'est' suffix for superlative -- have replaced with using "more" before the base version. "more clear" instead of "clearer", "more bright" instead of "brighter", etc.
Have you noticed this?
After seeing that the GameStop investors were saying the squeeze got squozed, I got curious to see if there were ever any other instances of verbs being changed to become irregular, because it just sounded so funny! Im so glad I found this video. To put my two cents, I think that the rise of autocorrect and spell check might slow down the move towards regularization because people dont have to memorize the irregular past of any verb they dont use very frequently
2:00 "Do worms have butts" he be asking the real questions here
Lol
AND THIS IS WHY WE NEED A LINGUISTICS CHANNEL I WANT TO KNOW MORE. PBS STUDIO DO IT FOR THE ONE TIME
I like Paul's channel Langfocus but if you want an English-specific linguistic channel, I don't know what recommend to you. Paul's channel is overly cosmopolitan.
Luis Aldamiz I have been a die hard of langfocus for years. Paul is more about the languages themselves and not the linguistics behind them
True. But linguistics of all languages is such a wide theme, also slippery terrain: in many instances there are more theories than linguists!
Check out Alliterative
Nativlang and Xidnaf are some of my favorite linguistics channel. Check em out!
Great work. I really like this video and I assume this is useful for English language learners as well.
Great vid, thank you :) Your little Chuck Darwin dude reminds me so much of FoodScienceBabe's videos lol
"You could never read every book, or even a fraction of them, in a lifetime". That's clearly not true. Of course you can read a fraction of them. Granted, it will be a tiny fraction.
Yea if you read 1 book then you’ve already read a fraction of them
I'm SURE he meant "a significant fraction." But, you're right, what he SAID was incorrect.
you must be fun at parties
You don't need to read books.
0/x
Yeah like .0000000000000000000000000000001% or .000000000000000000000000000001/1000000000
So let's throw in a rapidly irregularizing verb ... have you noticed how often the past imperfect of "sneak" is now "snuck"? In my 1960s childhood, "snuck" was strongly disapproved as slang; today, it's common to hear and read.
Can you provide a source on that? That rather interesting, because in linguistic time that's not that long ago.
Ì personally can't, but I found this blog bit.ly/2BewsKP studying it.
Soon it would probably be snook
Upon further review it seems that sneak and sneaked are mostly used and that snook isn’t a word but a type of fish so it’s showed up frequently. I also found the uses for snuck on grammarly. “Sneaked is the past tense of sneak when the verb is treated like a regular verb. Snuck is the past tense of sneak when the verb is treated like an irregular verb. Some people frown upon snuck, so if you're in doubt about which form to use, sneaked is always the safer option.”
One is hanged, but one is beING hung. (In terms of the verb in context of a noose.) BUT WAIT IT DOESN'T ALWAYS WORK. "We hung out this weekend. ""I hung up the Christmas lights." "The Christmas lights were hung [up] a week before Thanksgiving!"
When I think up example sentences, the verb hang is only treated regularly in context of someone being hanged...hung? I don't know. I do believe that this verb is regular or irregular based on the transitivity of the verb (whether it takes an object or not) but it could also be explained by region and local dialectal changes, because I'm certain that one form of the verb is preferred over other forms in certain regions of the English speaking world.
Personally, I don't use the verb "plead" enough, I would use begged instead to avoid confusion. However, if I do use it, plead always becomes pled.
Sneaked vs snuck is also a transitivity question. I personally say snuck as past tense third or first person conjugation. Sneaked is just wrong sounding. Snuck looks weird but said in context it sounds correct. "I snuck out last night to meet Barbara at the park." "The boy snuck around the cryptic house wondering if there was any thing of value."
The title is what got me clicking, not the sentence but the “word” forgotted, i was about to write in the comments about it but it turns out it’s deliberate.
I thinked this lesson ised cool. I just writed about this for my essay in school today. However, my teacher gived me a bad grade for my assignment. He telled me to improve my English. That's why I haved to make up this assignment. But I ised not the only one, as I seed and heared others that getted worse grades than me Wish me luck because I haven't sleeped in a while, as I waked up early to do this long assignment.
For the record, "irregular verbs" used to follow rules in Old English (In German they're called "strong verbs"), based on the morphology of the word. But after various sound shifts, these rules became obscured, and the strong/weak verbs system turned into irregular/regular verbs.
"English verbs are hard"
Portuguese: Am I joke to you?
@ltx if you disregard spelling. that's easier in most other european languages.
@ltx is English not a European language, or are you just a dumbass?
@@yumyumwhatzohai 2nd answer
porque, porquê, por quê, por que....
@MatZ nao importa o quanto eu tente eu nunca decoro os porquês, nao lembro oq é esse negócio de regular e irregular e etc.. por isso acho ingles mais fácil
A real life example is the word “Slay” It’s still “slew/slain” in the dictionary but more people are using “slayed”
I often use different verb rules in different contexts, with whichever would flow better and what mood I'm in.
These videos are so poetically written. I often get goosebumps when he gets to the end to finish it off with a great punchline. Hell, this channel can make the invention of paper look interesting. Shout out to the writers of the script and off course the host (Joe?), who is the face of enthousiastic speaking in these science videos. Love it.
browser history: do worms have butts?
me: idk 😂
I wish this video was twice as long.
Well, I also think the fact that English is a cocktail of a bunch of languages doesn't help at all. English is my third language but since I started on it basically in nursery school alongside my other first languages I never saw anything weird in it until I started learning other languages. Now as an adult with about 8 languages in my pocket, I can clearly see the effects that languages like German, Spanish and French have had on the English language. And even indirectly how languages like Arabic have affected Spanish which has in turn affected English.
But then I also think about the effort I had to put into learning stuff like Arabic and Japanese and English seems easy.
Really fun video, thank you. My theory why the irregular verbs are high in frequency of use is because of their sound. If many things affect our ability to distinguish spoken language accurately, such as hearing deficits, noisy backgrounds, being a visual rather than auditory learner, etc., it would be helpful to have more unique sounds to differentiate between very commonly used words.
If that was a factor, we wouldn't have verbs like "set" and "put" that get more ambiguous for getting irregular. Irregular verbs resist changes because of tradition, nothing else.
Common words get used more often, so are more well known, and the pronunciation is more reinforced, even as the language undergoes a shift, so are more likely to become irregular.
Ngram search: Rock, Paper, Scissors - Paper beats rock, and rock beat scissors. Who would've thunk?
He searchened for scissor not scissors.
Thinked*
Thaarkned*
@@Itoyokofan (that doesn't change his clever comment. Let him have his moment of glory)
i am confusened
He is better than any grammar teacher I have ever had.
Me: Teacher can you Holp me?
Teacher: What?
Me: Holp me?
I might say "I'm fully wedded to the concept of anthropomorphic global warming" but I might also say "my sister wed her long term boyfriend last weekend" so I guess for me wed and wedded have similar but subtly different meanings.
Dogphlap yup
That doesn't count because you used the participle for the first and past tense for the second. The apple is eaten. I ate the apple
Wet
Shoutout to me accidentally picking up the book “Alex through the looking glass” yesterday - literally reading about Zipfs Law. I was thinking about the law all day, and for some reason I decided to finally end my day with watching some CZcams video, this video being the first one I clicked on- and then YET AGAIN, I was exposed to the zipfs law. Why is it that universe wants to expose this law so much to me please provide some explanation 😫😅🤭🙄
Haha, we're waiting _Universe_ - answer here question! 😅
Two explanations. First: You talked out loud about Zipf's law and Google picked it up through your phone/tablet/laptop's mic. Second: Coincidence.
+Macerly
The Universe wants you to know that the most used stuff is the least complex, while the least used are the most complex.
Perhaps the next person to view this video only learned about Zipf's law half as much
omg
Lol, as a long time fan of VSauce channel, I appreciate all the references :P
I use extinct irregular verbs all the time, like, "The squirrel clumb the tree."
oh so now we’re using vsauce’s mystery music.......huh that’s irregular
Really? seems regular to me after being exposed to VSauce videos over time...
:^)
Phil you caught me🙃
Top 10 anime crossover
It's Jake Chudnow's Moon Men. czcams.com/video/TN25ghkfgQA/video.html
Him and michael probably caught up at youtube or something . Sounds like something Michael would suggest.
(@7:48): Kool, and stealthily-placed cross-reference here ('80s modern rock band Modern English's hit "Melt With You")!
This video really holp me understand this concept, thanks