Why Do Bubbles Form In Glasses Of Water?
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- čas přidán 8. 09. 2024
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I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again, pressure changes everything. In today’s quickie video, I talk about a phenomenon that you’ve probably seen a million times and never thought twice about, but points to something fundamentally interesting about the world - bubbles that unexpectedly form in glasses of water.
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Hey everyone, as many in the comments have pointed out, there are some... incorrect details in this video. I encourage you to scroll down to get the corrections (there are many 😄). It's probably obvious this one wasn't as refined as most of my videos, and I'll just eat some crow over that. I've been kind of swamped with travel and a big upcoming project and just needed to get this out. So apologies if this isn't up to the standard you're used to. Thanks for keeping me in check. Love you all!
Getting lazy.
Stuff happens but plz point out the inaccuracies so i don't need to read all comments. I m early in the vid and don't know what to make of it, when to distrust its claims ... Does hotter water disolve mor gas (sounds right). Why would cool water that gets to room temp suddenly need to let go of un-superflous gas at imperfections?
Since you talk of pressures at 2/3 vid: maybe high pressure water in our pipes disolves mor gas that it realeases in our glasses.?
correct more dissolves in higher pressure (like soda pop), but warmer liquids dissolve more solids but cooler liquids dissolve more gas. I think the effect is from the water starting cooler than room temperature and then less gas can be dissolved as it warms.
Mr. Scott, it's always a pleasure to see new videos, but please make sure you take care of yourself and business first. If things not coming together for the video, we can wait. Quality over quantity keeps me here. No worries, and wishing you continued success and "you time."
Dude this is something I've wondered about my whole life but like never looked up myself. You've literally scratched a knowledge itch for me.
The best thing ever is randomly coming across something awesome like this that has always pondered the brain 🧠
Same. To a slightly lesser extent.
He's right that everyone who studied science/eng is kinda...... well yeah thats how that works.
My thoughts exactly
Same! 😊
Correction: It's mainly nitrogen that's absorbed in your body and causes the bends, not oxygen.. Oxygen has other problems when diving, mostly related to the partial pressure of it while breathing it in - it becomes toxic at greater depths.
Exactly, so many use Nitrox of up to 36% oxygen. Can stay down longer, but also can't go as deep because oxygen becomes more toxic at less depth. 100% oxygen depth limit is like 12 feet.
More heat... More air dissolved???? 3:08
Agree with you 100%. When I learned to dive, this was one of the things the instructor covered. He could not stress upon us more the need for stopping to decompress when doing deeper dives to avoid the bends.
@@prakashsubramanian4992 Yeah, he definitely misspoke there
My first experience with nitrox nearly killed me. Lol apparently I can't breath it.
2:48 Your explanation is incorrect (or I didn't get it right). The faster water molecules move, the *less* air they can hold. The higher the temperature, the less air in the water. That's why, as you said later, the cold water is warming up to the room temperature releases the air.
You are correct and it gets more complicated from that with pressure/density gradients, how nucleation sites work, bubbles being low pressure zones, how surface adhesion of a bubble works...
Correct, I spotted this so had to go away and check because I thought I was losing my mind.... Turns out my mind was getting lost and the solubility of gasses in water DECREASES with an INCREASE of TEMPERATURE.
Edit: I just rewatched that section and he then goes on to contradict his statement so I think it was a case of misspeaking....
@@banalestorchid5814 there's a great entropic explanation for why gases dissolve in cold water and solids dissolve in hot water
The solubility of gases in liquids decreases as temperature increases. Get it together, man.
Yes I also noticed this.
No deep dive needed... You could dump as many of these 10 minute videos as you'd want and I'd eat them up, man! Great job as always!
I don’t know… I feel used this time
Good thing you don't determine this.
I agree. I don't always have time for the longer form stuff but I can almost always take 10-15 minutes to watch a video.
As a brewery owner, I appreciate this concept every day! We have charts that predict exactly how fizzy a carbonated beverage will be as a result of pressure and temperature. To carbonate properly and keep the co2 in solution, we get our drinks as cold as possible so the carbonation doesn’t foam out when cans are being filled. I’ve always wondered about still water that forms bubbles in a glass over time. Had a hunch it had to do with temperature + pressure changes! 👏
Byford Dolphin - the answer to the question 'whats the smallest space a human can fit through' that you really didnt want to know.
That’s putting it mildly
And the answer is yes.
Oh that accident was an awful thing that's for sure
"disassociated portions" can pass through the eye of a needle after Total body disruption
Yeah, not Googling that.
Okay off topic but your sponsors must LOVE you! Seriously! Imagine how many boring ads they have to review and then there are your mini-movie-like ads. Few people (internationally!) manage to make such high quality sponsor ads!!! I hope you manage to negotiate your payment accordingly. Much love from Austria
Divers do not have oxigen bottles. Its compressed air. Pure oxygen would be leathal with the added pressure. The problem of gas bubbles formig is mainly caused by the nigrogen!
-nevermind, i need to learn to READ comments.
The deeper they go, the lower the % oxygen in the gas mix divers breathe.
@@paulmichaelfreedman8334This comment is a bit of a mess to be fair.
@@peglor Important part is that the partial pressure of the oxygen remains stable. That's what determines the rate of Oxygen intake in the lungs.
@@paulmichaelfreedman8334 Exactly right.
Small correction at 1:33 Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the air and Oxygen about 21%
I can understand rounding down for Oxygen, but showing 70% for Nitrogen is at the very least a bit weird.
I share the pain bro
LOL 10% "trace"
This is not a small correction, this is 8% difference.
There was multiple little things that weren't perfectly right with his explanations in this video.
Like when he said hot water help to dissolve more gas because molecules are moving fast and then said your carbonic water is going flat when it gets warm...
@@Alfred-Neuman, not trying to defend Joe here, but the warmer a fluid is the quicker gasses within it dissolve. I am not sure how much slower the gasses release with temperature variances in cold fluids compared to warm ones, but the warmer it is the faster carbonated drinks will go flat. Perhaps that was what he was implying.
I live in a country where I can't buy most of the items CZcamsrs advertise, but I actually listened to the adread because I found it interesting.
OHH PLEASE make a video about the Byford Dolphin... That has the potential to be one of the top ten videos You will make. Go For It
I second this! Although it’s not for the faint hearted… #instanthumanspaghetti
0:53 - Harry Landfische...I went to high school with that guy. Nice person.
Leave it to Joe to come with the answers to questions I never even thought to ask. Joe, sir, you are a treasure! Keep up the good work!
As a pipefitter when i do hydrostatic (pressure) testing i have to waiit for entrained air to dissolve into the test medium in order to properly conduct a test and depending on the shape and orientation of the system being tested this can take some time.
Paid by the hour - I hope!
So I used to be in the US Air Force, was a jet fuel truck driver. One of the biggest factors of our job was removing water from the fuel. Because water freezes at altitudes planes fly at, which can cut off fuel flow, and get people killed. The water can get dissolved in the fuel the same way these bubbles get dissolved in water. Water and oil don't mix, but at high pressure they can. So the fuel gets filtered three times before it hits an aircraft. It's similar to this topic and your comment just made me think of that.
There's wrong information in the video at 3:08. You say that heat increases gas solubility in water. That's wrong. A gas becomes less soluble as temperature increases.
Solubility of solids/salts into liquids is directly proportional
Solubility of gases is inversely proportional
It’s really the nitrogen that causes the “bends”, or decompression sickness. Those compressed nitrogen bubbles need to be gassed out through respiration to prevent this. This is why, if you have done a deep dive, it is important to do a safety stop at 5 meters of depth. This is where you just hang out at 5m for a set amount of time (usually 3 mins) to allow for the nitrogen to gas out. At shallow depths, this really isn’t a problem.
Also among the reason to run 100% oxygen or an oxygen/helium (heliox) mix; get rid of the nitrogen.
Pretty basic general knowledge too.
With the humidity of my area, we really do swim thru the air.
At times the air gets so thick that mosquitoes can’t fly.
Us humans be swimming through air in H-town.
🙃 totally the best part of living in the south
@wolfiemuse how did you guess, lol. Now back to driving my mower and being as wet as being on a jet ski
@@sunshine3914idk, I think the mosquitos in my backyard are evolving fins. Nothing seems to keep them away.
I *really* thought I knew the answer to this question before watching this video. I didn't.
So, thank you very much for saving me from possible future embarrassment!
I cannot for the life of me stop hearing that little jingle/tune whenever you say pressure. From that lymbic eruptions video of yours from a year ago.
I work in a brewery. I understood this for years but i love getting an indepth point of veiw and seeing other places it happens.
Regarding "hairy land fish", think about how we build crewed spacecraft. There's an airtight outer layer, and inside that, there is a bubble of breathable air so we land creatures can survive in the vacuum of space.
Now think about the first animals to crawl from the ocean onto land. They had a watertight outer layer, and inside that, a bubble of salty ocean-like water (blood, cellular fluid, etc.) so those ocean creatures could survive in the dryness of land.
Land creatures are the landships of ocean creatures, just as crewed spacecraft are the spaceships of land creatures. Some stories never get old.
As a person working in Hospitality for 10 years now, you really don't want to drink out of glasses that have many small bubbles on the inside as in a large number of small ones. Out of experience those glasses aren't properly cleaned.
Literally was talking about bubbles in glasses of water over breakfast this morning! I felt it wasn't something I'd seen so much as a kid back when CO₂ was around 380 ppm, so guessed it was due to higher rates of CO₂ absorbtion now that we're at 425 ppm.
Now I'm going to be checking the pressure isobars on the weather map whenever I see bubbles forming quicker than the usual!
Stay vigilant, @nettlesoup, Watcher of Bubbles.
I mean some municipalities use CO2 to adjust the pH of the water delivered and that also gasses out after the pressure on it is relieved as well as the temperature rises.
Long time friend of mine is an engineer that does water treatment. Known him since before he graduated college
"Yer a landfish, Harry!"
Great video. There is another rabbit hole you can go down regarding water. It's phase diagram is unique. It's why we can skate on ice, why ice floats compared to other solids, and why fishes have oxygen at deep depths.
Good luck with the travels and project.
Joe I really appreciate the big red arrow pointing to the bubbles in the thumbnail. I would’ve had a hard time finding them otherwise
It's been sad watching Joe get more and more clickbaity.
First the shorts, then the new editing style with horrific non-stop movement and unmotivated digital zooms, and now the big red arrow.
I also understand that Joe has a staff to support and I still like most of what he puts out, so I'll stay.
And Joe or Joe's comment reader...
Yes, there are MANY of us who PASSIONATELY hate this lowest-common-denominator bullshit. It's sad to see. Sadder that it works.
I'd love to see a community poll asking for feedback on the clickbaity changes.
I'd love even more for Joe to simply have an option to view the videos WITHOUT the nauseating unmotivated digital zooms and non-stop camerawork. It takes more effort to do and creates a lower-quality product.
You should also look into gas dissolved in lava and the explosive results when it is released.
"We're basically hairy land fish"
That's a new favorite quote.
Joe, I was amazed when I first learned that the blades of American submarines are classified just because of the difference in pressure, and how certain designs create less bubbles than others (necessary for stealth). That whole thought went completely over my head... I couldn't understand how bubbles just appeared around the prop of a submarine 😅
But anyway, keep going back to the importance of pressure every time it is relevant! It's often a significant piece of the puzzle, if you will...
Great video as always!!
Yup, this is the kind of stuff we had to learn in our college science classes. But we had to learn the equations too. The Ideal Gas law (PV = nRT) is an equation representing the state of a homogenous mixture of gas, which sets variables of that gas's pressure (P) times volume (V) equal to the amount in moles (n) of that gas multiplied by the ideal gas constant (R) multiplied by its temperature (T).
I was vibing with you just deliberately using "thing" at the end there.
I came here to learn about bubbles forming in water (though I had a suspicion as to why), and I learned much more than that.
I use this same analogy of "swimming through air" when I explain to people the different in atmospheric pressure at low and high altitudes. Although you may not notice it very much, the closer you are to the planet, the higher the atmospheric pressure and the thicker the air, basically. Boiling point of water is corollary to the atmospheric pressure, as well, which is why the boiling point at sea level is 212F, but at 9000ft above sea level is only 195F.
This is also why a number of world records were set at the Mexico City Olympics.
With sparkling soda water, it is not at all trivial to measure how much of the carbon dioxide is just physically dissolved in the water and how much is chemically bound into carbonic acid.
Yes! Next Talk about the moist ring around the base of the cup even when its not sweating!
I'm glad to know that my educated guess was correct.
I knew for a long time that - generally speaking - gasses dissolved better in cold water than warm water, and that the early stages of boiling water was dissolved gasses coming out. It made sense, then, that as cold water warmed up that some dissolved gasses would come out as bubbles on the side of the glass. A sort of low-temperature boiling.
"We're basically hairy land fish"... 😂 #alsoTrue
YES! LOL that's legit my favourite go to line from Nemo! "ahhhhh...my bubbles!" 😂
also curse thee Joseph for making me pay attention to an ad with thy hilarity! 😂
I learned about this in my fluid dynamics class. This is the same (opposite) reason for why flowing water doesn't freeze at exactly freezing temperatures. The moving water has no nucleation point for the phase transition to begin
Haha, you kinda reminded me of my first construction job... a meeting with my project foreman and the project manager (his first as manager, usually the engineer) essentially ended with the foreman saying "Cheap. Fast. Easy. You can only pick two"
Just yesterday I was playing with my nephew in the kiddy pool and noticed all the bubbles. I pointed them out to him and we had fun together watching how they made funny designs in the sunlight on the bottom when we disturbed them into floating up. Never did I imagine you'd have an answer literally the next day as to why those bubbles were there
My son is on his way to becoming a Navy diver and then wants to transition to commercial diving when he retires from the Navy. Please do a video on the Byford Dolphin incident. More people need to be aware of what professional/commercial divers do and risk.
Joe, Loved this video. Knew quite a lot of the stuff covered, but your presentation skills make it interesting and fun to watch. Keep up the good work and I look forward to more video's like this one.
One of my undergraduate majors was biochemistry and I had to take a lot of OChem. Then almost 10 years after graduation I found out I have aphantasia. I can't believe people could actually visualize the molecular structures!
We have two wells that bring water to our home. It's a long story, but the deeper well, which gets us through the droughts has about 15 ppm iron and a bunch of other nasty stuff. The only way I was able to solve this was by using "air injection". So we have this cylinder tank, and at the top there is a high pressure bubble of air, and the iron water falls through that, which oxidizes the iron into rust and this precipitates the iron oxide out of the solution, and the filter removes it. I can always tell which well my drinking water is coming from, because the air injection always has loads of bubbles which show up on the glass, but no iron thankfully, which can stain toilets, sinks, glasses, etc. Eventually, I want to add something downstream of the filter to remove these air bubbles in the future.
Reminds me of an Alton Brown episode where he taught to put a toothpick or chopstick in a mug of water heated in the microwave to prevent superheating and possible scalding when removing from the microwave.
Joe you’re awesome. Never thought about this… yet here I am, fascinated! Thanks buddy.
One thing that makes Joe great is a certain turn of phrase a lot of other content creators lack. It's like listening to a writer speak. I can usually count on at least one phrase in each video that tickles my love of words just right. In this vid it was "normal functional fish" LOL
It's weird that I knew everything you talked about, but you communicated it so well, and pointed out bits & bobs I haven't considered. That makes it entertaining and thought provoking!! Thanks
Joe, I can honestly say your voice and overall vibe is therapy to me. I know it's weird, but thank you.
Hi Joe, my first comment ever on your channel. I have seen this many times and gone "Hmmmm.... that's odd", but never been in a position to look it up. Now when I see it, I'm going to go "Hmmm.... that is so cool - thanks Joe." Thank you and keep it up. How about a regular video ad one of these each week? Now THAT, would be supercool.
Thank you for the rabbit hole you just sent me down, Joe. I like learning. I went from this video, to one on the Byford Dolphin, to OceanGate, to how The Titanic was found.
I look forward to your take on the Byford Dolphin. 👍
I actually got it correct :D To be fair, I always used to wonder about it back in the day. So I went down the rabbit hole years ago about nucleation points and stuff.
This and the eye floaty things.
These questions have kept me awake many a night
Air flows like a fluid. We just don't usually see it except through movement like trees, grasses, and visible vapors. Liquids don't compress, but gasses do. Gravity on these materials determines pressure except in a pressure (positive or negative) chamber.
I love the phenomena how an empty glass or bowl condensation fill the botom with water and when you point a fan on it it can move by itself
Quick explanation : the water evaporates. And ALL the water is evaporating.
Nucleation sites just explain why the evaporation isn't confined to a layer of molecules on the surface.
6:47 It's not just that mentos create many nucleation points, but as they also proved on mythbusters, the artificial sweetener helps to enhance the reaction, just like the temperature of light cola, where the effect is best around 50 degrees C
0:00 I know this one. Dissolved air and nucleation sites. Stay awesome and have a lovely day. Toodles!
Yes consider making a video about the Byford Dolphin incident, I've been watching old episodes of Mythbusters lately when I was concluding the Explosive Decompression episode (S1E12) literally just a few hours ago when Jamie specifically said "You know, the myth you can be sucked out of a tiny hole is just not true." and I immediately thought of that; I'm sure he already knows but yeah lol.
In movies they want to get rid of those helmets as soon as possible, that's why you usually just get some vague reference to oxygen then they take them off. Aside from them probably being really annoying to wear, they have issues with things like fogging up and voice recording. Also, the actors generally don't want to hide their faces since that is their product.
Another thing about space helmets in movies that bugs me is that they often have lights in them that are there to light up the actors faces. If you were really wearing a helmet in space you would not want a light in your face like that.
Cool factoid! Thanks! And now I'm going to go look up the Byford Dolphin incident which I probably should not do.
Also: That was probably the smoothest transition to an ad I've seen in a while. Kudos. (I think it's interesting how in the infancy of TV the 'ads' were often part of the show itself and now we've sort of come full circle.)
The byford dolphin story has been covered a lot. But only you could tell the story the best. Please do it. ❤
I wonder how many of the viewers truly understand "TV Static sharpness". I, too, have licked an early CRT and can relate completely.
For beer glasses, nucleation is desirable in order for the beer to form a good head. The glass manufacturing process became too "good", in that they removed the imperfections and thus the nucleation points. So they had to go back and redesign their beer glasses to assist the CO² coming out of solution.
It's a design element at the bottom of many beer glasses now, but there's a practical purpose behind it.
These are fun, this is one of those questions that you find yourself thinking about when you see it but always forget to look up. Please do more!
I noticed that myself, and I always thought it had to do with atmospheric pressure changing enough to allow some air to escape from water mixture
My favorite comment to the fish/water thing was from Bobby Hill- "Think like a fish? Ok I'm wet and I don't even know it"
Also I've always felt that birds were the fish, we're more like crabs or snails.
One of the smoothes Joe Scott transitions into an ad
Student Pilot: I learned way more about pressure and other weather related stuff than I ever thought I would in my training to become a pilot. Interesting stuff.
Once you started talking about pressure and dissolved gases I was really expecting you to tie in the bends. That lake, the glass, “exploding” are all due to the same thing.
Dissolution of Gases can be even worse than you think. Hydrogen can dissolve into metals and cause Hydrogen Embrittlement.
I never wondered about this. My dad built valves and actuators, and my mom managed a water utility. Pressure and phase changes were the background noise of my life.
As the shirt says, "This makes my day".
Thanks Joe 😀
love these quick little videos. love the BIG LONG videos as well.
but if these are a change of pace for you, and you like that change of pace....... ya know. keep on homeskillet.
loved the bubbles fish, it's a weekly sometimes daily movie reference that goes through my head.
Theres something about Factor - why are all the ad reads for this product usually quite entertaining?
-"It's got oxygen, we're fine." Takes off helmet.
-"Uh, captain, I am also detecting hydrofluoric acid vapor and grains of arsenic dust."
Evangelista Torricelli, the first person to measure barometric pressure, also said something related to the "hairy land fish" idea: We live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of air.
I quickly glanced at comments. You mentioned that divers' tanks have oxygen. For the first 30 feet or so they might have oxygen enhanced air, but still mostly nitrogen. As they go deeper they tend to use helium.
Firefighters also use compressed air because it is less explosive. Never give them hydrogen mixed with air - - we need them.
I was literally just wondering about this yesterday.
8:55 Yes they do! In Galaxy Quest Sam Rockwell's red shirt character screams "DON'T OPEN THAT! IT'S AN ALIEN PLANET! IS THERE AIR? YOU DON'T KNOW!!" *Holds breath*
Also, the Byford Dolphin story is NSFL, put a big warning on it.
We're land fish and air is condensing on the inside of the glass. Huh.
Thanks for answering a question I never thought to ask😉✌️
That was a pretty slick Segway.. almost as slick as your new hairstyle. 😂
3:06 "More pressure, more heat means more gas is dissolved into the water. Less pressure, less heat means more of the gasses become trapped in the water." So, in one case there is more gas in the water, but in the other case there is more gas in the water.
More heat means _less_ gas dissolves into water, not more. _Solids_ are more soluble in hot liquids (I forget why), but gasses are less. More energetic molecules are easier to escape as gas (which is why warm water evaporates faster than cold).
Although it’s probably not common knowledge, air is actually very important in concrete structures. Entrained air is very important especially in areas where freezing can happen
it's also helpful to think of all layers of medium are but pressure mediums just like water, where we are swimming in oxygen and clouds are basically floating on layer of oxygen just like a bathtub duck is floating on water, if we make air dense enough, planes could effectively glide around like speedboats
Love the value of Earth's axis 23.5 degrees tilt shirt. May just add this to my Joe Scott merch collection.
Me: *considering going to college for language arts because I like writing and I want to write better*
My family: *pressures me to go to college*
Me: *no longer wants to go to college*
Pressure really does change everything.
This was quite interesting. I had wondered about that.
Oh man, a filmable pressure/temp/humidity controlled chamber would be a cool way to show how the supercritical area of a phase diagram graph is where conditions for evaporation and solvation of a material converge and overlap
Yes it sounds complicated, that's why we need a visual. Thanks Joe for leading my attention to this idea
I guessed it right. Pressure has been one of my pet subjects for years now. Understanding pressure has changed how I see everything.
Finally! I've been waiting for someone to tackle this for years.
I love little factoid videos like this, and I love seeing creators make a video on something just because they were curious about it!
As someone else pointed out, you have it backwards when it comes to the relationship between liquid temperature and gas solubility. Solubility decreases as temperature increases. See Henry's Law. That's why the bubbles form when the water in the glad warms up, the gas falls out of solution
_We call out to the beasts of the sea to come forth and join us._
_This night is yours!_
_Because, one day we will all be with you in the black and deep._
_One day we will all go into the water..._
🤘
ooh this episode showcases the science behind novelty kitchen item from the 80's Sodastream
Well done. You’re correct on the description. Chemistry is a daunting subject.
Here's something I have wondered about. How do your arm hairs know when to stop growing as opposed to the hairs on your head that just keep growing?
You said, "more pressure/heat means more gasses dissolved in the water; less pressure/heat means more gasses become _'trapped'_ in the water," which was really confusing to me...as far as I understand it, the gasses are either dissolved *in* the water (in which case they would be invisible) or they have crashed *out* of the solution around nucleation points (and are thus visible as bubbles).
So what exactly did you mean by "trapped in the water"? IMHO seems like the only important part is whether or not the gasses are dissolved -- not whether the bubbles have been disturbed enough to have risen out of the water yet (if I'm interpreting you correctly)
Also, the example of bubbles forming when the glass and water warm up would seem to suggest that warmer water can dissolve _less_ gas, if the temperature increase causes the gas to crash out of the solution...