10 Gig: 3 Ways to Connect! Fiber vs Twisted Pair vs Copper
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- čas přidán 12. 08. 2020
- A mini 10 gigabit LAN is built from RJ45, Fiber, and Direct Attach Copper in front of your eyes to show you the various common connection types as well as how to mix and match them. Learn everything you need to know about 10 gig home networking and how to upgrade from your existing gigabit system to 10gb.
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In 16 minutes you've explained these concepts better than a college professor did in a month. You even simplified single-mode and multi-mode fiber concepts well enough for practical usage. I had a fiber optics technician certification a few years back (I let it lapse, as the work I needed it for was completed) and fiber is fascinating stuff. Before the certification training, I thought multi-mode was better than single-mode also, but surprise! It's like the difference between shooting a bunch of ping-pong balls down a pipe that barely fits them vs shooting them down a 4-inch diameter pipe. They will arrive in the same order in which they were sent using the small pipe, but using the large pipe, the order will get all mixed up. With ping-pong balls, it doesn't matter, but with serial data, it's the difference between usable, formatted data, vs a jumble of random bits.
Thanks, I really appreciate the vote of confidence! I have many EE friends who I'm sure will cringe at my descriptions, but I'm trying to explain them as I see them, not how they necessarily are :-)
Your explanation is quite good. In single mode (due to the size of the fibre core), the light has only one mode of propagation (one light ray), so a pulse of light you would have sent at the input will be the same pulse sightly attenuated at the output (with a delay, etc.). With multimode, the core is bigger, and thus the light will propagate in a diffuse way, so you will have more reflected rays in the fibre which changes the length of the light ray, thus the pulse sent at the input will be spread in time and looks like a Gaussian distribution.
This explains why single mode is often more expensive, since to produce the single ray, you need to be more accurate (reach the fibre with a precise angle). Also, coupling is more expensive, because you need to cut the fibre in a near perfect way, to clean it, to align the two fibres and to arc weld them (plus, test). The terminators are also tricky to make, etc.
I've been working in the industry for nearly over 20 years and your explanation is the most fuctional I've seen so far. I actually bookmarked it in my networking playlist for sharing if I need to
Agreed, wish I would've had the foresight at the time to save myself from purchasing a piece of paper for 10's of thousands of dollars...
"We're doing it live" bit was CLASSIC!!! Bravo!
Thanks, I was wondering if anyone would remember that and get the reference... glad at least one person did :-)
Howard Stern uses it all the time. I've watched that clip many times. What a goon!
Fook It! We're doing it live!
I loved that part of Bill!
@@DavesGarage “I’ll write and we’ll do it live!”
@@DavesGarage Every now and then I have an excuse to say that at work. I never miss the opportunity. I've got a few coworkers who have picked it up from me now. :D
Thank you - Thank you - Thank You - Dave!! That one comment about connecting an SPF and SPF+ to each other, saved me many hours of debugging my system. Thanks again Dave.
For the others that missed Dave hint about connecting a SPF and SPF+, is to manually set the the SPF+ to 1Gb (not 10Gb) i.e. manually set the SPF+ to a slower speed.
Now I feel like running fiber across my home. I litearly have no reason to.
"I feel like... I literally have no reason to." this format is the foundation of my existence.
@@David-Alfonso mood
I always have a reason to run fiber, even when there's no real rhyme or reason.
Do it! Or at least do one run... that's what I did. I told myself it was so that the whole thing was electrically insulated from the cable modem, but it was just for fun!
I think the biggest real world reasons are runs between buildings, since you've got longer range and eliminate both electrical interference and ground loops. Even for a short run where you don't necessarily need the range, there's a strong case for isolation between buildings.
I know a dude who marked his cables with x for ‚not crossed‘. Higher expert level...
No idea.
If it makes sense to him, that's what matters!
@@scbtripwire it does makes sense to him, but not to anyone else. working in a team with him makes everybody using wrong cables...
What maximum intelligence gets you
@@notofinterest Ah. You didn't say it was in a professional context.
I used to work in a fiber optics lab at Bellcore (formerly Bell Labs). You hit on the reason multi-mode isn't as good for long haul, the time difference between the light that enters straight down the middle vs the light that bounces back and forth. The bits start spreading out until you can't tell a 1 from a zero eventually. They tried to use some variable refraction materials so the light would travel faster in the outer edges, it helped but then someone came up with single mode and that took over for distance applications. The connectors were a real pain in the ass, as was splicing fibers with such precision. I actually did splice single mode fibers using a microscope and micro positioning knobs with a local insertion and detection (bend the fiber and shine light into it) to maximize alignment. Sometimes it even worked!
Good times.
Ugh.. hand splicing SM fiber sucks... I would use an automatic fusion splicer with premade pig-tails (easy mode). I only did a couple terminations with MM fiber (so much fun bonding and lapping a ceramic ferrule, and praying it works)..
Cheers!
@@thudtheace I was working there early days, mid 1980s when such devices were not yet available. We had a splicing setup for experimenting on that used a microscope and micropositioners to align the cores. It didn't work very consistently. Later systems came out that bent the fiber before and after and injected laser light near the splice that could be aligned automatically. But I never played around with those.
"I'm gonna wire it in a way that triggers people" hahahahahaha
I hope I'm not the only who care about the little things like that :-)
He had me mildly annoyed on that.
@@DavesGarage Your cabinet is beautiful, but the wiring needs some work. Sincerely, Former Data Center Provisioning Dream Team.
@@DavesGarage You still plugged it into the left card's port further from the adjacent connection without a hint of hardware mandating it. Thanks for presenting side by side hardware showing that modules pop in/out to build each connection the way you see fit. Surprised how often that isn't brought up with most content talking about only RJ45 or fiber that I have ran across.
@@drescherjm It's how he filters autistic people. I know, I'm on the spectrum myself.But at age 50, I've learned to not let such things bother me anymore and I get the humor of it.
Auto-crossover has been part of the Ethernet standard since GbE was introduced. Prior to that *some* 100BaseT cards supported auto MDI-X and others required crossover cables.
YES. I was wondering if he didn't know MDX exists?!
Is there actually such a thing as "crossover" or "straight through" gigabit? Or just cables wired random lol. It uses all pairs bidirectionally, kind of sidestepping the entire concept.
Some 100BaseT cards, but *most* 100BaseT switches. I can't remember the last time I've seen a switch that didn't automatically negotiate MDI/MDI-X.
@@matthewshapiro1676 there is no crossover for gigabit connections since they are using all pairs for sending and receiving at the same time. But you can't just mix up the cables. A twisted pair should still be wired correctly since one cable of the pair is negatively mirroring the other cable, meaning if you send 1 on one cable then you send -1 on the other.
And it simply won't work if the pins on one end don't connect to the same pins on the other end. Would likely be a much more complex negotiation if you had to find out how both NICs are actually connected to each other.
@@mihaitha Yes it was the introduction of switches on 100mbps that did away with cross over cables. I know that only two pairs of the 4 pairs actually do anything on 100mb but I've not kept up with how 1gb uses the conductors. We used the unused pairs for passive PoE. You can actually power 12v routers with their own power supplies from quite a distance over Ethernet.
@@wayland7150 PoE is still to power cameras (protocol 802.3). Indeed it uses the 4-5 and 7-8 pairs to provide about 50 volts of DC current to the device.
Useful trick on the fibre: You can unplug the individual fibers from the clip that holds them and improvise an instant loopback cable. Handy for testing if the interface is physically functional.
I never figured whats so hypnotising about ASMR. Now that I heard Dave plugging in SFP Modules I totally get it!
This is the first of your videos I've watched. I love it. My favourite things:
- Your high speed delivery of lots of content
- Your gloves
- Your jokes
Subscribed.
Thanks! Glad you found the channel! Tell some friends :-)
If you want to blow your mind, watch his videos on Windows Task Manager.
@@DavesGarage totally agree with the OP, well done Dave!
Came from the Task-Manager post on reddit an stayed since then, I'm really enjoying listening to someone who is well educated in terms of IT👍
Same here LOL :D:D:D:D
My wife and I are both motion graphics artists and vfx compositors. We work locally on our machines and synchronise with syncthing between our workstations and a third machine for backup, which also runs backblaze for offsite. I'd love us to work of a 10gig network with centralised storage, but it just isn't affordable for us.
We also don't live in American style enormous housing with stud walls so running cables is much more difficult.
Loving your stuff Dave. It's the perfect tone, and not as niche as you think, 200,000+ views!
When we work in studio, there's about 15-20 machines connected by 10gig for compositing. And it's fantastic for teams of that size.
Get some cat6 and hire an experienced wirepulling electrician to make your runs. It's NOT as difficult as you think.
You can use a regular cable machine-to-machine. Ethernet adapters these days support auto mdi-x.
Exactly, was thinking the same thing while watching it, any 1Gbps era and past should support MDI-X making cross-over cables a thing of the past for many years now.
Yup, I got into networking about 10 years ago and I have not once needed to worry about that.
And modern switches do auto mdi-x too.
Current ones absolutely do! The support was mixed on earlier ones, so I figured I'd cover the concept, but you're right... odds of running into one that DOESN'T autonegotiate is low.
@@DavesGarage I could be wrong but I think is was mandatory with 1gbe (the 4 pair version, there is a 2 pair version)?
Although I have grey hair mostly because of Micro$oft bloatware and its colossal problems, I do love this channel and its great to hear this stuff from the horses mouth! Much appreciated candour.
3 years old and still one of the most informative videos on the subject.
Thanks for straightening out there cables
Thanks for taking the time putting these videos together, it was all very interesting. A simple thing but I like the idea of using red cables for PoE
You're welcome! I was concerned that the skinny "thinnet' cables couldn't carry enough power, but it's tiny amperage. I think it's 24/48V and at most a few watts per cable, it seems. And they're only a foot or so long.
By far the best explanation of 10gig networking set-up I've seen. The videos where someone just opens their network closet and points at stuff don't even come close to being this valuable. Thanks Dave.
Automatic medium-dependent interface crossover (Auto-MDIX) is a feature that allows the switch interface to detect the required cable connection type (straight-through or crossover) and automatically configure the connection appropriately.
Yep, and many PC NICs have this feature, so no need to use a crossover cable.
@@Saqibss AFAIK it was a requirement for gigabit and up. I've not made a crossover cable in at least 10 years.
This is an artifact of gigabit using all four pairs for both send and receive.
@@wlhyatt100 Even many 100BASE-TX switches had auto-MDI-X.
This channel seems like a little gold mine of information. Been a while since I was this excited over someone's content. Super cool stuff Dave!
Dave - mere words can't describe how you make something that seems so complicated to be so simple yet powerful!
Awesome video mate, this should be on Plurasight! Really well laid out and straight to the point, thanks!
Please keep up the great work, am looking at rewiriing my home & office setup for test lab, dont know how I found your page though extremely grateful!
Thanks Dave! I'm just starting to dive into 10gb-itizing my home network and have been googling incessantly for a concise basics course on the SFP/fiber/RJ45/copper for days with not luck. After watching your overview I feel like I'm finally ready to actually buy my NICs, cables, and switches and get this project of mine off the Tarmac. Thanks!
the sound of those direct copper cables is so satisfying
It isssss
I believe this is the first time I am subscribing to a channel. Your way of explaining is both funny and very helpful at the same time.
Thanks you.
There's a couple other SFP+ cable options you didn't mention: Active Copper cables (as opposed to passive) and Active Optical Cables (fiber with a SFP+ transceiver permanently attached to both ends rather than the traditional LC) Great video and explanations!
Thank you very much! This was absolutely helpful. So much knowledge compressed in 16 minutes and in an absolute logical order. Well done!
Perfect video…. Clear and no freakin’ music in the background!
I stumbled across your channel today and I have no idea how I've never seen you before. I'm literally binge watching dang near every video you have to get caught up! Love your channel Dave!
I love this channel. It's sometimes a little over my head, but I learn something every time. Great delivery and production, and a lot of fun. Thank you!
I've done something quite similar, when installing the second FTTH connection from a different internet provider in my home environment. That proved to be very useful in these WFH-only era, when an entire provider fails for hours and you have important meetings to be in!
Thank you. As a software engineering apprentice sitting among system integration people, this is very helpful for learning. Before that I didn't even know that patch panels are a thing. ;)
Thank you so much for this video. I have to (badly) explain this stuff to other IT nerds often, now I'm just sharing your excellent video.
In here to set up my home network with 10 gig on a server, desktop, and switch. Been through several IT courses and this video held more weight than all of the education.
Really appreciate the video Dave.
You certainly are a great teacher.
It’s easy to follow and understand what you’re saying even when you’ve never encountered the subject matter beforehand.
Thanks! It means a lot to me that it makes sense to people, since I'm basically explaining it the way I think about it!
Very good illustration of how things are actually connected in the real world.
I work as a sysadm in the field and you wouldn't believe how many software developers have 0 clue of any of this. A fair chunk of which even get scared when talks of IPs ensue.
Just wanted to point out @ 11:20 single mode fiber is actually much more common in datacenters than you might think. We use quite a good bit of it in the datacenter I work in. All of our switch uplinks are SM fiber. Id say we use about 50/50 between SM and MM.
5:02 "'Two cards, One cable', and a lot less messy" I see what you did there.. LOL
Thanks for the video. Definitely great and useful information about 10G. Please keep making great videos like this!
Nice video, I used to do data communications for a living up to a couple of years ago. I remember installing a 10Base-T network when it just came out and everyone thought I was crazy, "you need coax for networking"! By the time I retired 10 gig was pretty much data center only, maybe still is. We used gigabit (with POE for phones) to the desktop in offices, and if every switch wasn't grounded to the building things would be destroyed in the first thunderstorm. We always used fiber between buildings or even between rooms in industrial settings for electrical isolation. For home use I'd run fiber to a detached garage or barn for the same reason. Those SFP's are really a nice way to mix and match media on an Ethernet.
@Dave's Garage
I could listen to you all day. All that networking stuff gets my blood going.
I've been thinking of upgrading my 1Gig to 10Gig network for quite sometime and just don't know how to execute it well.
Thank you for this.
What else do you want to hear about 10G? I could use topic suggestions!
This was the best intro on the subject I've seen. Thanks so much for putting this together!
I'm a retired software engineer looking to upgrade my home network
and this is the first video I've seen that really helps me understand this
whole business of SPF/SPF+. Thank you.
Super helpful. Upgrading my LAN to 10gbit fiber soon.
Thanks fir these Home Network videos. I’m facing a similar upgrade across 10KSqFt over two buildings that make up my home. I got board with the pandemic lockdown and processes to replace every switch that wasn’t already Crestron controlled with WiFi smart switches. After reading 106 WiFi devices, I hit a brick wall with no room on the network left. I’ve since replaced the WiFi network with another brand that’s more of a gaming system. Didn’t work. So I’m waiting for the UniFi Dream Machine, Pro 48 PoE Switches and array of Unity Access Points to be delivered this coming week. I already have fiber run between the two buildings and Cat6 in the walls for the Access Points, so it should pretty much be plug and play. But your videos have really helped me to understand the SFP chain and other connectors to better connect to the modem and other devices. Not sure why I purchased a bunch of Cat8 cable at this point. Guess they will still work...
Thank you. I have been struggling with this for days. All clear now!
Excellent video. Answers a few color code questions that i had.
Thanks for your time guy, it was really clear, it help me to solve a lot of doubts.
Great videos, thanks for sharing. I just purchased some 10G cards and waiting for my switch to arrive!
This video is ridiculously good, the explanation form around 2:50 is the best anywhere I have seen, and I say that has someone who has implemented a bunch of network setups...if I had any advice, it would be to not worry about taking your time to explain things, that is what makes your particular presentation unique :)
I just watched this with my eyes wide open, as though it were my first time seeing an N64 all over again!
This is awesome! Thanks for the great (informative!) video!
I have the same MikroTik switch and I've been happy with it.
I run a 30m 10gbps OS2 line across my house. (I got single mode by mistake, but only realized after running the cable, and decided it would be easier to just replace the transceivers instead of the cable), I have a Mikrotik CRS305 too, and a CSS326.
Also crossover cables are no longer needed, just about every PC and ethernet transceiver supports auto-MDIX now. Also, generally I open the retention clip on the transceiver before putting in the fiber cable, but I think that's just me.
Overall a pretty good video.
EDIT:1 Fiber does not support auto negotiation.
Every bit of this video was, again, so well carried out and made understanding things so easy! One sidenote I do have however: if one starts to build new fiberoptic network today, prices of anything singlemode is nowadays so damn close to multimode stuff that there really is no point specifically to get MM over SM.
You’ve lit up my life in a fibre optic laser way. Your diatribe has been a fantastic run through of the detail that has up till now eluded me.
Glad it was useful!
Excellent video! Already forwarded it to several people I've set up SOHO 10Gb networks for.
Excellent! I appreciate the sharing!
The sound of the transcievers sliding and clicking into place is the best ASMR
The telecom offices I work in are so noisy, I can barely hear the click!
Great video love seeing home racks and setups
This is awesome & straightforward -thank you!
WOW. I've learned more from this video, then I have researching for months lol Maybe it was just explained really well. thanks!
Another excellent watch
good video. i think this is the 3rd video ive watched on this subject, and i have to say, im really interested in trying this since i have a use case for this setup
Thinks only 2 other people are watching, but less than a year later nearly 400,000 people have watched LOL. I'm pretty sure this was the most real-world informative video I've ever seen.
Great video to understand the transcivers. Thank you
best video explaining this stuff. others i have seen just show off their setup!
This is a clear presentation of how to connect. Thank you!
Now, 2 years later, there are even rather affordable 100Gbit/s Switches (Mikrotik CRS504-4XQ-IN or if you have several clients wirth 25Gbit/s SFP+ and 2 Servers with 100Gbit then CRS518-16XS-2XQ is suitable). Of course not useful for everybody, but some may find these switches useful.
Thank you Dave. Your method/style is perfect. My ADHD/OCD is appeased. I know you know how much that means. I wish I could do what you do.
Was wondering for quite some time how fiber home networks would work. Great and simple explaination. Greetings from Germany.
Really appreciated Dave. Best fiber video on CZcams.
Thanks Dave... extremely helpful video.
I love your videos; they're always super informative. I also love the Beastquake photo on the wall above the server.
Thank you!
Brilliant video - hugely informative!
Thank you so much for explaining this.
Both of us loved the video, thanks ;)
Just great dave, nothing like playing with wires, it's fascinating.
That is very very informative. I learned a lot. Your setup is crazy. I just have a $30 8 port switch off my internet connection.
Great video Dave. I really have been enjoying your videos lately.
Told all 2.5 of my friends about this channel and told them to subscribe!
Thank you for the content!
Why thank you! If they told 2.5 friends and they told 2.5 friends and so on and so, eventually ten generation later, 9536.7 people would know!
Great examples of real-world situations. Could've used this during my exploration into 10GB.
A couple of years ago I daisy chained two servers and a PC together using dual port SFP+ 10GB, it still works great.
Nice, technically nice and some what humorous. Enjoyed that.
As a network guy… I must say good work. I would add that after SFP+ is SFP28, and it goes to 25 Gbps. Then there is quad or QSFP, QSFP+, and QSFP28 transceivers each of which are just 4x faster due to the Quad. Next you might want to talk about fiber connectors…. Those are LC, but other common ones are ST, SC, and even MTRJ. It is not rocket science… you just match the transceivers on each side, match speed, and use the proper medium. Hence your 10 Gbps multimode is 10G-Base-SR where 1 Gbps multimode is 1000-Base-SX. Bottom line is you match, so a 10G-Base-SR will connect to another 10G-Base-SR even if one type is different form factor and connector
Thanks Dave - I'm studying for the Comptia Network+ exam and this video was educational
Excellent video regarding seting up a 10GbE home setup. Loved your demonstration with the NIC cards and wiring. As a beginner who is trying to setup 2 video editing PCs, a NAS and a microtec switch this was VERY helpful. Thanks :)
Thanks, glad you found it useful!
If you are setting up video editing, consider a Thunderbolt 3 setup. 40Gbps from PC to NAS or other TB3 device. You can daisy chain them.
OMG, I remember those UB networks at MS when I started too. I distinctly remember the "beep of death" when the network crashed and our whole test lab had to be attended to!
Wonderful guide. Love it.
I'm going to haft to watch this a couple times to take it all in thank you
Like your style, man. Subbed.
love this explanation! Thanks.
Dave, I find this stuff fascinating man. Hello from St. John’s Newfoundland on the East Coast of Canada. I have 20 years in the IT sector myself.
Great info as always Dave. Great stuff.
Thanks a lot for detailed explanation.
Super instrutive! Thanks.
Love it Dave! Thank you just bought a 10GB System because of this!
10Gb...10GB would be a lot different...bits vs bytes
Thank you so much! Great explanation!
Nicely done - thanks Dave
Your humor is excellent
Took me down memory lane... Token Ring - 1996 at Virginia Tech running cables down the dorm hallway to play multiplayer Quake.
That's funny because the only time I set up a small Token Ring was for Doom when we were testing the DirectX port after work or something!
Dave you are the best! Please keep doing videos!
Thanks a great video. One little extra that I would liked to have seen is how LC -> LC cables can sometimes not work as they need flipping (transmit to receive), many a time I’ve had to pull apart the little plastic clip hold the two together at the end and flip which side they’re on.
excellent video sir! now I know a couple of things that I didn't, keep up the good work, thank you very much for the shared information!.
You're welcome, and thanks for the kind words!
The best ever explanatory video I ever watched