We don't know WHY Jupiter's Great Red Spot is RED
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- čas přidán 22. 05. 2024
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It's not for lack of trying that we don't know what makes Jupiter's Great Red Spot red, we just haven't figured out what mix of elements and molecules makes it red yet. Here's what we've tried so far though... #jupiter #astronomy #space
Prinn & Lewis (1975; red phosphorus in the great red spot - BEHIND PAY WALL) - www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
Noy et al. (1981; no red phosphorus, just yellow) - agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.c...
Joon (1996; Voyager 1 finds no excess of phosphine in great red spot) - koreascience.kr/article/JAKO1...
Loeffler & Hudson (2018; creating ammonium hydrosulphide in the lab) - www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Carlson et al. (2016; chromophores can make the red colour) - www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Baines et al. (2019; the creme brulee model of chromophores) - www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Simon et al. (2016; great red spot changing colour) - agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.c...
More on the Juno mission - www.missionjuno.swri.edu/
00:00 - Introduction
12:39 - Brilliant
14:01 - Bloopers
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👩🏽💻 I'm Dr. Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). I love making videos about science with an unnatural level of enthusiasm. I like to focus on how we know things, not just what we know. And especially, the things we still don't know. If you've ever wondered about something in space and couldn't find an answer online - you can ask me! My day job is to do research into how supermassive black holes can affect the galaxies that they live in. In particular, I look at whether the energy output from the disk of material orbiting around a growing supermassive black hole can stop a galaxy from forming stars.
drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk - Věda a technologie
Every time i see the Juno images of Jupiter, i have to remind myself it's _NOT_ CGI. The detail is astounding- real images of a real planet in space _right now!_
Well, right then. But yes, we are starting to get better at all this.
The wildest thing about the Great Red Spot to me is the fact that it appears to be shrinking and fading and may completely disappear, or at least be indistinguishable from any other storm in a few decades. Which means that the single most notable thing about Juipter other than it's size is likely just a happenstance of WHEN we noticed it. Which is wild to think about. Will another Red Spot appear after this one fades? Or will it start growing again after diminishing to a certain size? Is it cyclic? Or it is a once in a galactic lifetime occurence? And if its a one-off... what started it? Did a planet-sized moon collide with Jupiter and stir up this vortex in its wake?
Jupiter is gonna go through an identity crisis after it grows out of its "Great Red Spot" phase.
I think your theory about a moon collision could be what caused it. The shrinking is the giant wound healing. I wonder if it will disappear
The same is true of Saturn's rings
It is pretty obvious it's the result of turbulent flow
The wildest thing about the Great Red Spot to me is the fact that it has not disappeared.
The Great Red Spot is basically a persistent anticyclonic storm that has lasted for at least 340 years.
I always love the sense of scale in space: "larger than the earth" ... "isolate the light from that small area"
Ok, isolate the light from that small solid angle.
Dr. Becky: "Juiper's Great Red Spot is possibly one of the most recognisable features of all the planets in the solar system."
Saturn: "My rings are still #1, right?"
Dr. Becky: "Of course, you're still my favourite."
could be a micro fusion process we simply do not know enough about Jupiter
I say the face on Mars has them both beat.
uranus has rings too
@@harrisonplott4674 yeah I know brown ones🤣🤣🤣
Fascinating, and wonderfully explained!
Also, on a personal note, thank you so much for making a point of including outtakes at the end of your video. It is so wonderfully comforting to know that extraordinarily smart people also have days when words are hard. :)
Love the content and look forward to each new, well organized info dump you give us! Keep up the great work! It's greatly appreciated!
I love seeing updates in astronomy, it is so nice to see all the things we are learning!
Raging maelstrom of blood oozing up from the pulsating flesh core of the sentient planet wounded during the last great planetary rebellion.
I just love dr Becky’s voice. It’s contagiously enthusiastic. Cheers me up every time
She reminds me of a good friend of my mother. This friend, like Dr. Becky, was very smart yet easygoing and laid back. She went on to become an environmental lawyer and federal official in the U.S.
I love your honesty and sharing your bloopers. You are so down to earth and help us understand these scientific pricipals more easily with your friendly and real personality. You are sooo right, words ARE hard. Love your videos and I'm working through your "10 Things you should know about space". Enjoying the read.
I always just assumed it was because of the ammonium hydrosulfide... It's reddish in both liquid and gaseous state, and due to it being slightly denser than all the other crap floating around in those clouds, the moment you start pooling it in from something like an anti-cyclone, the storm will take on a red color. Though up close, those clouds would probably be much closer to a yellow color if you fly straight into it.
That sounds entirely plausible. But we can't actually accept it as the answer without data showing that that is, in fact, happening, which we don't have right now. The phosphorous answer also sounded plausible until it was put to the test of observation.
Never thought about this question. Great video and research. Thank you.
Chemistry with Dr Becky. Well done to those who tried to recreate conditions on Jupiter in the lab. If you have ever dealt with either hydrogen sulphide or ammonia full stop, there's a health and safety rep going crazy and dictating how you work with them.. for good reason
Hi Dr. Becky
I just wanted to take a moment to thank you for the great content you create. I'm a new fan of your channel, and I always enjoy watching such videos. You're so informative, and engaging, and I am learning something new, I love that, can't ever have enough.
I am watched your video on Jupiter, and think it'd fantastic. You're doing an amazing job explaining the topic in a way that's easy to enjoy, and I found myself lovin' it. Thank you for taking the time to create such high-quality content.
I'm glad that I found your channel from my Reddit request, and I can't wait to see what you create as we go. Keep up the great work!
I'm a music producer and also own an IT company and help NASA, etc. recover very badly damaged data.
Sincerely,
Bruce
I love the Bloopers reel at the end. that is exactly how i felt when recording my video today. Glad I am not alone. keep up the great work!
Bloopers are super funny 🤣⛳
Thanks Dr Becky. It's always a pleasure and always very well done.
Thanks, Dr. Becky! In another life I would like to have been an astronomer or astrophysicist. Since my trajectory has been very different than that, I really appreciate your generosity in sharing your knowledge and expertise with us in layperson terms. Your enthusiasm and educational approach to how you present is a real treat!. Again, thank you and thank you very much. :-)
Love your delivery and the explanations.
Fascinating indeed! Thanks, dr. Becky! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Thank you for another excellent explanatory video.
Thanks Dr Becky, great video as always.
14:20 We should gold plate Dr. Becky's expression "Space is hard and words are harder."
I would think that the enormous gravity of Jupiter would have some effect that could be very hard to replicate here on Earth.
A fascinating mystery! Thanks for including this wonderful content about the things we _don't_ yet know 🙂
thanks Dr Becky!
A new video on my birthday - now that was a nice surprise. AND using creme brule in a serious scientific way. Great content, as always!
Great video! So much information, so clearly presented.
Thanks Angela!
@@DrBecky How deep can we get inside Jupiter if we descend through the "eye of the storm"?
Thank you for sharing your knowledge and your positive energy 🙏🌎
dr becky i watch all your videos and I really love them all.
Your videos are incredible, Dr. Smethurst, so thank you for sharing your expertise. I recently watched a Voyager documentary which claimed that the GRS, as an anti-cyclone, was actually revealing levels of atmosphere much lower than the high clouds. That was interesting to me because the photos from the impact of Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter in the mid-90's also seemed to penetrate into reddish layers of the atmosphere. Are these layers from the GRS and the gashes of Shoemaker-Levy 9 related, or of comparable depths? By the way, I've been doing very ameture astrophotography for the last year and a half, and Jupiter is such an interesting target because of its beautiful atmospheric dynamism. Anyway, thanks so much again for your brilliant videos!
You explained light spectrometer so well. Goodness...
Pretty impressive. Thanks for this video.
I'm always just totally fascinated by the topics you talk about and your so ruddy clever and describe things like graphs with understand ability. You put those graphs in front of me it would take me a week to understand properly.
That's the spot where Achilles finally stabs Jupiter.
...
Oh wait, I'm in the wrong class.
14:18 Quote of the week right there.
"Space is hard, words harder"
I think the driving force behind the red spot remains hidden deep. The red spot appears to be a reaction to something. Just another unknown natural process. I love it.
Maybe something crashed into it?
@@michaelpettersson4919 The comet looked cool crashing into it. I would love to have seen what made a scar like the red spot.
@@michaelpettersson4919 A planet-sized something might stir up that much energy. Wild to think about.
I think it's a lobe of heat upwelling from pretty deep trained up by surrounding zones of convection. Once it reaches the surface the atmospheric currents spin the affected gases. In all likelihood, it does have a lifespan and so won't be there forever.
I'm guessing it absorbed one of its moons
Amazing content. Big fan!
Would it be possible to revert the white and black on the paper images you show? That way it won't get too bright on the eyes.
Toenail Moon earrings! Nice.
I'm 43 and so old that I remember when the storm was 3 earths wide. Or maybe I've mixed that up.
Great video, thankyou 👍👍👍
Spell checking titles is important too.
In the early 80's Carl Sagan showed during a TV documentary the prevailing at that time theories for the red color. It was some time after the Voyager's flyby
Thank you Becky 🙏👍
After Earth, Jupiter is my favorite planet. When I was a teen in Mississippi in the 70s, I told my sister all I wanted for Christmas was the book "Jupiter" by Isaac Asimov.
If anyone's curious, you need to read these two Jupiter short stories: "A Meeting with Medusa" by Arthur C. Clarke and "Victory Unintentional" by Isaac Asimov, which is one of his more amusing stories.
Two thumbs up for Clarke’s “A Meeting with Medusa”!
Hope your day gets better ! 💐
Everyone should buy your book !
Surprised at what I learned about Eddington.
Just love your straight take on history 🥳
I love your videos!
Goes to show how little we know. So much on earth we are clueless about yet we still ask questions about the universe and other planets.
As I lay here in my neck stretching device I am blown away how well you explain such an extremely complicated subject. Thankyou
After watching Shumaker-Levy I’m convinced the spot is from a small moon that crashed into it, and I suppose the red may come from elements from that moon
It would also make sense if the red color comes from a deep lake of chemicals within jupiter, which are welling up following the path of the impactor. And either that lake is being depleted, or the lowering activity of the storm is causing the color to fade.
I love your shirt! Please share where to get one.
Possibly it is not due to any specific molecule, but molecular rearrangement itself that occurs on the edges of the red spot. Molecular rearrangement gives of light in the infrared. Lighter elements are fed into the plasmoid along the edges and rearranged into molecules, those molecules into more complex molecules, due to the vibrational energy along the edges spiraling into the plasmoid.
But, due to an increased density and increased resonant frequency at the center of the plasmoid, AKA the Red Spot, its actually emits a color that is blueshifted into the visible range, much like the magnetic flux storage at the center of a galaxy emits a color blueshifted into the gamma, but gets its vibrational energy from the plasma ring current of the galaxy.
Both Mam. The colours that they are. Or the colours that it is both work here in my World. I am reading your book and it is packed with great info.
Love the videos,
Hi Becky, I just wonder, what camera do you use? It's great :)
Sony ⍺7 iii👍
Very interesting As an Amateur Astronomer, i have Been Tracking The Storm On Jupiter since 2 years. If you Look at Images of Jupiter taken on 2021 to today, There is A Massive Difference between the shape of The Great Red spot and and Cloud Belts! Loved the video! 👏
Jupiter was my favorite object when I got my first telescope 37 years ago. The red spot and the cloud belts were far more obvious back then.
came here only to tell there is a typo in thumbnail as unsovled mystery, but I may also watch the clip entirely
Amazing as always... Thumbnail has a unsovled spelling error 😂 Thanks
I’m doing the brilliant courses right now and I swear I saw some content that you provided….or maybe I was imagining it.
Thanks for the vid, @DrBecky!
Just a quick one: A tiny error slipped through; the thumbnail pic says it's an unsovled mystery instead of unsolved.
Beautifully presented. What will be the next Space Mystery the Dr. Becky discusses. Maybe she could start a micro series on this tangent.
The adopted term Creme Brule just says how much astronomers take a bite out of science.
Great vídeo! Keep up the Amazônia work! I am trying to Find a New job at this Tiny town called Ceres(dwarf planet) and this very complicated, anyway great red spot right here Huge storm!
Amazing Work! ❤ (correction) this keyboard iPad config should be more efficient 😢
Interesting video.
Thank you. 🎉❤
Have we tried collecting and comparing data from the edge of the spot so that we can see if there are any elements in there that are reacting with it to give a huge concentrated red spot?
@Dr. Becky, as always great and informativce content, I think this introduction to Jupiter's Red spot (See timestamps xD)
Hi Becky, I love your videos. Have astronomers considered that maybe the Big Red Spot is Red because it's angry?
You had me at Dr. Becky & Red spot 😱🍻
Love hearing you saying 'creme brulé' with the american accent ;) (I am french). Thank you for your very interesting astronomical channel.
I would like to hazard a guess: Iron Oxide from a massive iron meteorite impact? It's slowly rusting over time and the chemical process of the corrosion is adding a bit of heat to the atmosphere which is strong enough to create a high pressure zone. That's the best I've got.
Laser distance depth measurements and material sampling on the next sat would probably be a good idea so you can cut through all the particulate debris. Webbed plot mapping the contour of the surface might be an interesting idea. Hopefully theirs not a whole lot of combustible material in it's path. Hmm, how to utilize the magnetic field itself to also plot map 🤔.
Wave harmonics to disperse the sediment might be a nice idea also if you were wanting to part those vast sea's of colors.
I am enthralled.
Phase change relating to pressure affecting absorption. (There's been some experiments that show pressure or changes in pressure does affect it.) Cyclones are usually indicative of a low pressure cell. So it's not chemistry alone, there's a little more to it. On the scale of Jupiter, it's plenty enough to be observable. That's my best guess.
It's a mixture of vinegar, tomato puree, salt and other spices: Ketchup.
That was the clearest explanation of Chi Squared I've heard, and I work with statisticians 😂
Haha 😂 thank you!
@@DrBecky Why nobody wants to drop a probe in the eye of the red spot? Is it Money they do not have? How about we drop the biggest nuclear bomb in the centre of the red spot? That is ought to make a splash?
I'm glad you care about words.
We are also told that the Great Red Spot is always in the same place. In the same place relative to what? It has always made me think that Jupiter isn't made of gas, but must have some substantial feature like a mountain, and the GRS is above that feature.
Shumaker Levy 9 hit just below the great red spot in July of 1992. Maybe that contributed to its turning brown? Maybe if another comet hit near the spot it may produce the Crystal Gail Effect and turn that brown eye blue.
My first thought would be something along the lines of tholins, since those're pretty common on outer solar system bodies, have a highly complex spectral signature, and perhaps the turbulent conditions of the spot could keep them & their precursor molecules aloft for long enough? Though, that is pretty similar to the chromophores, just with slightly different precursor compounds, so it might have the same issues as a theory.
I 100% thought that was a Fried Egg in the thumbnail. 😂😂😂
Maybe the color doesn't come from pigments at all. Like the coloration of hummingbirds, the color could come from scattering off of specific sizes and shapes of, in this case, particles or droplets. The cyclonic nature of the storm might sort the particles into a size that results in a red color.
This would be like trying to figure out soil samples from a moving tornado on earth, you are never going to get the same sample twice with 100% certain science.
Thank you becky. Dont forget about us poor astronomy beginners, we want to hear about whats out there. :)
This is a greqat mystery. I just love how trying to solve it is bringing together and expanding on our understanding of chemistry and weather phenomena in a context that is very different from what happens here on Earth. Interesting stuff.
For a while I think in the 90s some people will calling it the GBS (great page spot,) as it had faded quite a bit.
I daily ask the same question to my acne
imagine a mission where we skim the atmosphere and sample it 🤯
The red spot sounds like a good place to plunge a probe. Man I sound just like those darn aliens 😂.
You great miss 😊
The GRS is an anti-cyclone or high-pressure system so there would theoretically be no uplift within the region of the storm.
Could the color change of the spot be due to the pressure within the anti cyclonic region changing?
Every now and then a huge eye peers out and looks around. Then it goes back in. Creepy 😮.
Under the spot there is a giant volcano pumping iron into the atmosphere. It's a classic Hot Spot left behind by a collision with a large asteroid.
from what i understand when one of the space probes flew over the great red spot there seamed to be more gravity at that loction so it might be a planet that is just below the gases we can not see
Thank you, Dr. Becky, good question. Far larger than the earth, localized, not dispersed or mixed with the rest of the atmosphere for as long as we have been observing Jupiter…and now it’s changing color from red to brown. Will the color change turn out to be permanent or periodic? Interesting stuff.
That looks like Hotel Ranga in Iceland. Great place to stay and the restaurant is super.
It is! The food was 🤤
On top of the fantastic brain, i am always impressed with your awesome manicures.
It actually used to be the Great White Spot, until someone accidentally put Jupiter in the laundry with a red sock.
I vaguely remember being told as a kid it’s because of dust with a high level of iron.
Same
@@swankierSpy2658 90s kid?
@@ThePigKnight no i was born in 2009
@@swankierSpy2658 hmmmm then it probably wasn’t from one of the 90s shows like magic school bus or bill nye
@@ThePigKnight no, i just heard from someone that mars was red cause of the rust from iron particles so i came to the conclusion that that could be what the Great Red Spot gets it’s colour from so i asked one of my teachers and they said something along the lines of probably (but i dont remember exactly what since i was in year 4 at the time) so that’s how i heard of it and why it could be iron
We definitely need to send another probe out to do another run of the solar system... 🙂
I say we drop a probe directly into it, basically send a probe that has all of the necessary equipment to test as it is literally flying through and across the red spot assuming we can drop something in far enough to get into that specific part of the clouds
@@borttorbbq2556 We did it with Saturn.. we should be able to do it with Jupiter. 🙂
How about tomorrow morning?
@@pattheplanter If only... 🙂
@@neoanderson7 JUICE left this morning, local time, though it was afternoon where I am. Trajectory nominal.
I'm fairly sure the Great Red Spot is just a dumping ground for all the red paint coming out of Jovian home remodeling, a few centuries ago that spot was probably Avocado colored.