Crusader-Mongol Alliance - Kings and Generals DOCUMENTARY
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- čas přidán 21. 11. 2020
- The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History continues with a video on the alliance between the Mongols and the Crusader states and the diplomatic negotiations between the Mongol empire and the Christian kingdoms in Europe and Asia. As the Mongols took over a large portion of the Middle East and started their constant wars with the Mamluks of Egypt, they started looking for allies and found them in the local Christian states.
Evolution of the Mongol army: • Mongol Army: How it Al...
Structure of the Mongol army: • Structure of the Mongo...
Previous videos in our series on Mongol history: bit.ly/3eezUnW
Podcast: www.kingsandgenerals.net/podcast/ apple.co/2QTuMNG spoti.fi/2UBmyuO
Armies and Tactics: • Armies and Tactics
Support us on Patreon: / kingsandgenerals or Paypal: paypal.me/kingsandgenerals or by joining the youtube membership: / @kingsandgenerals We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: docs.google.com/document/d/1o...
The video was made by Félix Beauchamp - Cerberestudios.ca, while the script was developed by Jack Wilson - The Jackmeister. Check out his channel dedicated to the history of the Mongols: / @thejackmeistermongolh... . Thanks to Norman Schlimmer and Stephen Pow for their help with the research.
This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #Mongols #Crusaders
YES, WE COUGH! :-)
One thing history is not is boring. There is always so much new to learn and that is one of the best things about this work.
true!
Ottoman battles!!
Your videos are great keep it up bro
@WesterGamers TV 12 wrong
@WesterGamers TV 12 yes
Narrator: *clears throat during narration (**13:28**)*
Me: What? I thought this channel was above all mortal imperfections...
It's so rare that I assumed something was wrong with my headset at first
You all have to admit it’s kinda reassuring that they leave “imperfection” here and there tho 😌
We became so spoiled
13:28 The narrator Devin usually never messes up. Rare find. Love you Devin
I think this would be the editor's fault, not the narrator. But it's the first time I've heard it, so kudos to them.
That is also the first time in history Devin cleared his throat.
SABOTAGE, I AM A NARRATION MACHINE, I DO NOT FALTER!
@@OfficiallyDevin Offiy D we all saw the Belgium campaign!
The voice actor _never_ messes up. Clearing the throat and doubling back over lines is a natural part of the voice-over process. It's the editor's job to keep these little inclusions out of the final cut.
Mongols and crusaders form a alliance
Rest of the world: 13:29
i know right .. that single moment became the summary point of this video :D
well the crusader states were so puny at that time..
Man as soon as I heard it I jumped into the comment section to see the comments on it! The first one, youtube doesn't dissapoint haha
Still Baibars beated them both
Mamluks: GG noobs 😉
13:29 When you realise Devin has been here from the start
Get that man a glass of water!
poor devin, he just need some water
Middle east dessert heat
@@comradekenobi6908 lmao
what's his last name i'm so curious to see what he looks like
13:28 history will remember this moment
Future history channels: "Although it was done intentionally to let people know, that the narrator was human, many believed he had made a crucial mistake."
The idea of Mongol horse archers peppering an army with skirmish tactics and wearing them out so a heavy cavalry of crusader knights can finally charge them down sounds intriguing.
It would b like special forces linking up with the us marines for an operation
@@easternstrategist5276 No, not with those tiny horses they used. The Europeans used stronger, bigger, and more aggressive breeds of horse for max shock value.
@@easternstrategist5276 Mongol horses were more agile and had better endurance; but they don't have the kind of raw power and speed those western breeds have.
@@easternstrategist5276 Best equipment in the world doesn't matter when over a thousand pounds come charging with lots of momentum and pointy objects.
@XcXcz that was the fractured mongol empire
It was a sub section known as the golden horde
Subutai wiped the floor wih hungarians, Austrians and polish
Crusaders: Isn't that our friend Mongol warriors!
Ilkhanate: Allah akbar!!!
Crusaders: Nani!
Ilkhanate was actually more friendly to the crusader than the mamluks lol
The Yuan Mongol are Buddhism
@Tom W religion doesn't really matter to the mongol they don't follow thier religous rules.
@Tom W The mongols slowly converted, but the Ilkhanate converted to Islam after Ghazan Khan. His successors would stray away and allow Mamluks to finally defeat the last crusader strong holds even providing troops.
@Tom W The Ilkhanate started crumbling under the reign of Arghun's brother, Gaykhatu. The majority of Mongols converted to Islam while the Mongol court remained Buddhist.
Me: 13:28
Everyone inside the room eyeing you suddenly.
ever since watching kings and generals I started loving history
I used to hate history when I was a kid. Not any more.
That's pretty dope.👍
Baibars was such a badass crushing mongols and crusaders at the same time kudos to him
@@alamgir5553 baibars was weak?
@Juni Kim Baibars was definetely awesome but I would also give some credit to the powerful Mameluke stateand not just his person.
@@theonlygoodlookinghabsburg2081 but of course the same goes for any great person troughout history witout macedoneans alexander would have never existed without legion cesear too without arabes khalid too and so on
@@zakariaalami1491 Oh definetely, I was mainly referring to the reply who said the Mameluks would've been screwed without him.
@@alamgir5553 those who have a death wish don't carry fear in their harts. don't you think?
Just shows you that the world wasnt that small in the middle ages. Just wow.
In a lot of way it was much bigger than it is today
@G Bendicion: I have a new found respect for kings, soldiers, and common people who for many different personal reasons, made those arduous journeys across the vast seas and great land masses braving the elements and facing disease and other hardships using the technology of time. For many in the modern world, the Mediterranean basin is a short flight away from home to 3 to 5 star accommodations and sun and fun or skiing depending on the time of the year. I have no nostalgia for the "good old days."
13:28 *That was the first time i heard of that*
Last time when I was this early,the Balkans were being sacked by Attila.
7:03 Khan died of a hunting accident
Crusader Kings and Europa Universalis players: First time?
He didn't die though.
"""accident"""
Marvel: Infinity War is the most ambitious crossover event in history.
History: 🙂 Nope ..
Mongols: throat singing
Crusaders:do you sin?
@@rj5848 🤔
@@rj5848 lol
Me a Chrisitian with Mongol Blood: "Confused Screaming"
@@forickgrimaldus8301 why would a Christian have Mongolian blood?
Rabban Bar Sawma: Around the World in One Lifetime
trivago.
His journey must've been magnificent.
Oh damn, I can't believe I'm this early after lunch. Must be the most perfect dessert.
EDIT: 13:28 LMAO
Editor didn't catch it! This is the first time I've heard a mistake though, so good on 'em.
That's a rare gem. What a moment of fun.
Its a trick! They don't want you knowing its a computer generated voice...
“Impossible, the archives must be incomplete...”
Well we found one at last, here’s to their impeccable editing beforehand
"Ahem!" Haha
"There and back again; A Nestorian's tale"
By Rabban Bar Sawma
I suppose the Shire is located somewhere in northern China or Mongolia under Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty, then, homeland of the hobbits. In that case who are the Elves, Dwarves and Misty Mountain Orcs in this scenario?
"Turkic Nestorian priest from Beijing" is a sentence I never expected to hear before
How is this Beijing Buddhists and Turks Muslims?!😂
There were already turkic people in China during Tang Dynasty and Nestorian religion was popular in the east even before the Mongol Conquest.
Wish to see a full episode about mamluk sultan baibars and the mamluks. They were one of the greatest warriors during middle ages
He is a Turkic💪💪
The pride of the Kipchak Turks💪💪
Many thanks from Mongolia 🇲🇳🇲🇳🇲🇳. Can’t wait next episodes 😊😊👏🏼
One things I love about this channel is that it delves into historical periods/topics that are not popular or widely recognized.
Baybars, what a leader. I would have been scared so much if I had Crusaders on one side and ferocious mongols on the other. Most leaders would have fled but this man remained loyal to the end. Huge respect and such an underrated leader.
He is a Turkic
The fact that the crusaders and mongols were seperated and essentially launched uncoordinated attacks really makes a lot of difference.
@@MDP1702 Makes it worse, more chances of surprise attack. The fact he held his ground amazes me.
@@guilhermefernandes6067 No, it doesn't make it worse, suprise attacks aren't a problem with spies and the crusaders and mongols attacking seperately uncoordinated and at different times makes them more easy to defeat. The crusaders and mongols linking up, that would have been bad for baybars.
@@scourgeofgodattila579 he is a muslim first
13:28
When you're trying to show off your history knowledge to the cute Knights Hospitaller Sister
Mamluks were the nemesis of Mongols not only the ones of Egypt but the Delhi Sultanate with the Khalji Dynasty humiliated Mongols many times
@Hassan Abdulsalam ok kid
@Hassan Abdulsalam Yah The Chagatai Khanate was the least powerful of the 4 Chinggisid Khanates still Alauddin Khalji won remarkable battles but I agree that Memluk Egypt had the military edge and was a medieval war machine
@Hassan Abdulsalam Antarctica
@@nenenindonu hasan also saying Nader Shah was joke warrior can you believe it😹
@@pompacitokmakci lol hes regarded as the last great asian conqueror
Yet another amazing video. This is probably the best historical channels on CZcams.
This is why I love kingsandgernerals always new stuff learn about history thank you very much guys for this beautiful job
Starting my day off right!!!! Keep the videos coming 👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾
Officially Devin coughs: The world listens.
A very good novel based around that period is "The Saracen" by Robert Shea, it is the story of a mamluk of English origin, captured in the Levant as a boy, and eventually becoming the son-in-law of Baibars, future sultan of Egypt; who sends him to the papal court to try and twart the alliance between Mongols and Christians. It is really a very good read
@Soft Spoken ok, why?
if that book adapts into a movie, who'll direct the movie? Ripley Scott from The Kingdom of Heaven? 😎
@@quintenwhyte6660 I'd love that. Scott is a talented director.
@Soft Spoken do you know any? Personally I mean, not throught news. I'd advice against painting 1.7 billions people with a broad brush, your opinion marred by the actions of a tiny fraction of radicals. It would be like judging all Americans basing your opinion on mass shooters. Does that seem like a fair assessment of tje USA? Hardly so.
@Soft Spoken Translation
"I'm a racist piece of shit that believe that the USA ellection was rigged."
mongols : hey, wanna join hands against muslims, i will give you the holy land.
europe : yeah why not, let us just unite and make some preparations.
after some time...
crusaders : its time let's charge!!!!!!
mongols : uh, sorry, you're late... our cousins converted to Islam.
Lol that was a good one bro
LOL
😂😂🤣👍👍👍
😆😆
😂😂😂😂
Every time I watched your videos about the Mongols, I learn something new and I like it!! Keep up the good work 😃😁
Happy to hear that!
I was just watching your mongol videos and this came out i love this channel so much
id like to wish you success in all your endeavors. i am a fan of your presentation. and with your indulgence id like to use your contents to my lessons in the class i am a history teacher and i would say that youre helping me in presenting fresh info about certain topics that may shed some light to continuity of history especially this one. more power to your show.
Wow, I never heard Devin clearing his throat befor on tape. Honestly that was the biggest surprise besides interesting and shaking information like that a French King died before the walls of Tunis or that the Mongols and Franks missed each other only by timing at one point.
Hey Devin, I'm one of your fans from Pakistan. I just love the way you narrate all of this fascinating history for us in your Beautiful voice. Stay strong and stay blessed.
I love you Kings and Generals. Since last two years, i have become your ardent fan .
Thanks K&G for all your effort in getting everything up to par with your usual high standards. We love your vids!
Strange episodes like this is the reason I'm subscribed
Great job guys! I hope people will be curious to learn more about Rabban bar Sauma...
nice job, could you post the sources (it should be a must in this channel)
@@shabolealquesimi9420 I actually wrote this script almost a year ago, so I had to go on a hunt to find the notes I took on it. But here's the main sources for this video
Reuven Amitai-Preiss. Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Īlkhānid War, 1260-1281. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Peter Jackson, The Mongols and the Islamic World. From Conquest to Conversion. Yale University Press, 2017.
Reuven Amitai-Preiss, “Edward of England and Abagha Ilkhan: A Reexamination of a Failed Attempt at Mongol-Frankish Cooperation.” in Tolerance and Intolerance: Social Conflict in the Age of the Crusades, edited by Michael Gervers, James M. Powell, 75- . Syracuse University Press: New York, 2001. books.google.ca/books?id=n9dEpOsfVdIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA75&redir_esc=y&fbclid=IwAR0duxLUFvWnM6Xue2_VxvPhSBfBMr8rJOHHSrsFVDke5IaDSmWSc0HKJTU#v=onepage&q&f=true
Bayarsaikhan Dashdondog, The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335). Brill, 2011.
Morris Rossabi. Voyager from Xanadu: Rabban Sauma and the First Journey from China to the West. 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.
@@shabolealquesimi9420 I think there were more I used to, but these would have been then built of the material. Reuven Amitai's "Mongols and Mamluks, " is the gold standard for overviews of this conflict.
@The Jackmeister: Mongol History
Do you have any info on how the 3/4 Khanate's converted to Islam? Always fascinates me, surely they would have thought Tengrism would be superior?
@@davidkana8434 the short answer: basically, the Ilkhanate and Chagatayids ruled over majority Muslim regions. The thing about shamanic/animist religions like Tengriism is that they aren't really exclusive. Even today's Mongolia, despite being officially Buddhist, maintains some shamanic customs and acts (most obviously in the continued presence of shamans). Unlike being a Christian or Muslim first, which is in the medieval context a matter of identity, Tengriism is not an identity. Simple example is seen when the Franciscan Friar William of Rubruck traveled through the Golden Horde. Sartaq, a son of Batu was a Christian. But his advisers told Rubruck not to call him a Christian, "because [Sartaq] is not a Christian, he is a Mongol."
Basically, a nomadic Tengriist could adopt a modified Christianity or Islam, (because from their point of view, it's not something countering their identity) whereas a Christian or Muslim would not adopt shamanic practices (because this ran counter to the faiths they were raised in.)
With a more flexible view to religion, it makes it easier to adopt and adapt it until it until you end up with the conversion. Now, this was very gradual. And not universally accepted. The Chagatai Khanate basically split into two halves in thr mid 14th century, with the western (Transoxiana) with more cities and Persisn influence having the more thoroughly Islamized and sedentarized Mongols, and the eastern (Moghulistan) remaining less Islamized and more nomadic.
While official histories from these states like to make it seem the ruler led the conversion (and thus demonstrated how holy he was!) It was probably a reaction to the increasing islamization of the Mongol elite. The Ilkhanate officially has Islam become state religion under Ghazan Khan in the 1290s. By then, it's been over 30 years since Hulegu's death, and over 60 since the death of Chinggis Khan. That's an entire generation who grew up entirely in the Ilkhanate, who have never been fully nomadic, never been to Mongolia, never known imperial unity and have grown up in the Middle East, surrounded by Muslims, Muslim architecture and culture and practices. Convetsion provide alternative means of legitimacy (you can portray yourself as an Islamic monarch, as Ghazan did) but it's also basically an acceptance of the current situation. The Mongols were fascinated by Persian culture and motifs: when you've never seen Mongolia and been raised among Muslims (even if the parents weren't muslim, every new borne Mongol is interacting daily with all Muslims), there is little advantage either politically or personally to maintain being a Tengriist. Indeed, with intermarriage and intermingling, a good majority of conversions were probably due to personal conviction. The idea of an eternal paradise once you die is also tough to compete with. Tengriism doesn't offer a great alternative to that (basically it's a spirit world were your standing is the same as it was in life).
13:29 *slight cough*
Everyone in the covid test room:
👁👄👁
Only slaves care about covid
awesome stuff...
keep up the great work
Underrated video. Everyone should be required to watch this video. It's so mind opening about the relationships between the East and the West in the Middle Ages. Also many people do not know about the Crusader states or the splitted up kingdoms of the Mongol Empire.
crusaders: Hmm the Mongols seem like worthy allies.
"One decade later"
"Allahu Akbar!"
crusaders: WTF?!
😂😂😂😂😂😂
@XcXcz Saifuddin Qutuz and Baybars ❤
@XcXcz “You Guys”
@XcXcz What’s Wrong? You seem kind of pissed off.
@XcXcz imagine having only one life and hate your fellow humans. My man, don't do this. Love and respect all your fellow humans :') I hope one day in the future you will look at your comment and cringe very hard in a good way. Love you, fellow human ❤️
He coughed he actually showed human behaviour he might not be an eternal alien who has seen all our history after all
Absoluting fascinating, once again thank you so much guys!
This has to be the greatest historical tease of all time. Will they? Won't they? Mongols and Crusaders would actually be the scariest fighting force ever imagined.
True
*Achievement unlocked: an unlikely alliance*
Who would have thought some nomadic tribes would forge an alliance with the crusaders, well if you ask the people back then ofc
Centuries later...
France: Let's try this strategy again.
Ottoman Empire: Sounds good.
Habsburgs and Safavids: Oh no...
France and Ottoman Empire: Oh YES!
Post videos about
-Tengrism worldview and beliefs
-Genghis khan life story and prophecy to rule the world
-Islamic civilization in Cordoba(achievements)
-Ottoman social and state hierarchy
-Islamiic civilization discoveries in astrononmy from Quran text
-Ancient greece wisdom and knowledge
-Alexander the great and Aristotle teachings
Im waiting for...THANK YOU!
"astronomy from Quran text"
mate wtf u on bout
@@desimujahid arabic world was very rich in scientifical and philosophical knowledge both pre-islamic and post-islamic but later on islam was a center and scientific exploration of things kind of slowed down and then the china and the west would catch up later.
@@jojobetzler6308 things started to slow down after internal revolts and then ended during the mongol invasion.... its mostly political not religious at all
@@YOU-ot9ep huh Byzantine Empire??
The best channel on history.. Keep going
Yes!!!! I was so curious about this alliance for the longest time!
Baybars and Qalawun have joined the chat
Crusaders and Mongols have left the chat
Baibars💪💪💪
The term 'Mamluk Sultanate' is a modern historiographical term.[9] Arabic sources for the period of the Bahri, Mamluks refer to the dynasty as the State of the Turks (Arabic: دولة الاتراك, Dawlat al-Atrāk; دولة الترك, Dawlat al-Turk) or State of Turkey (الدولة التركية, al-Dawla al-Turkiyya).[16][17][9]
Long Live Baibars He was Kıpchak Turk 🇰🇿🇹🇷
@@lordyetruscan5485 Qalawun was Kipchak as well
Very fun haha💪💪
@@nenenindonu Baibars Turkic origin
This is the stuff I learned absolutely nothing about in school. Great work!
Last time we heard about the Mongols in school was Genghis Khan but we never got the sequel. Same with Egypt... Pharaohs, pyramids, mummies... then suddenly Nasser and the Suez Canal.
This could be one of the most fascinating insights yet on this channel or any channel.There seemed to be sentiment for vocation from the East to Crusade even more than many leaders in the West at that point! Imagine if the Orient was united and the West was ready? O the timing, o tempora. I really desire to study the diary of the envoy from China to understand his prospective. And people thought Prester Johannes was only a myth! Must be something to his enigma. Of course the Franciscans were searching for the meaning of Biblical prophecy of Zechariah 6:12 (behold the man named Branch or Orient?).. Also great job on the Ecumenical Council of Lyons - you really shed a lot of light on history that many sources overlook and the Orient's role in this story. Again history is built upon the sequence of events and the timing of things missing or hitting the mark. You hit a bulls-eye. Great job.
Wow you always bring the rare events.
13:28 it’s okay to take a breather sometimes, great job on the video 👌
13:29 “There is also *COOF* also some limited diplomacy”
Lol . I noticed that . Nevertheless cool video
COOF-ID?
a really fascinating point of history to know about...
Love ur vids thank u always
And centuries later, France and the Ottoman Empire became allies and trading partners. Speaking of which, can you do a video about the Franco-Ottoman alliance when you found the right scheduel?
TRT World wrote a blogpost about that.
And today we're not that good. Sad.
Adem Şavluk as a French, I too think it’s sad. Nothing but love to your country 🙏
@हिन्दु एकता एवं जागरण कट्टर हिन्दु भाई चैनल से जुडें bro the world war 1 was like in 1914 the allience was like 2 or 3 centruies earlier or maybe more
Venice and the Ottomans as well
In "The Accursed Kings", there's a passage where king Philip the Fair reminisce about the mongol alliance proposal, and how he turned it down in order to focus on internal affairs and development of the realm.
What ?
Not editing out the cough is a clever way of figuring out who really is watching the whole content, not just browsing through the timeline of the video. Bravo.
It is fascinating to learn this aspect of history. Thanks.
Any plan on the 30 Years War finale yet, K&G? Hope to see it soon! Nobody explain it better than you guys!
I wish Total War will make a world map game based on this period
Medieval 3 when?
@@firmanimad mods are garbage , a lot of bugs , need to be in base game
Very informative .... connects a lot of unknown dots
First time I heard you cough, take care brother, we really need your videos rn
Can't remember the last time I was this early for a new vid
“Mongols and crusaders form an alliance”
Mamluks: Imma whoop both yo as$es 😎
So?
@@porkchop2325 you got to do better than that 😉
@@Mohammadkwt he’s mad 😂
@Imperial Terra it took all of Europe tho
@Imperial Terra look at you ignoring reality we are taking over Europe and much more 😂
AMAZING TOPIC thank you 🧡
Love the channel and have been following it for years. That said, please slow down the narration and slides of the documentary. It’s definitely sped up recently and I feel like it’s harder to fully process all the information. Why waste the huge improvements in graphics the channel has seen recently by rushing through it? Also, not one to nitpick but big error in narration/editing at 13:29. Love the content and hope you guys continue to grow.
May the algorithm smile on you.
little cough at 13:29 that has not been cut, is it normal ? i just want to get it to your attention
Did you just skip to 13:29
You bring joy to my life Kings and Generals
Great vid!
Nice!
13:28 I think that's an authentic sound from the steppes
Great video!
PLEASE do the life of Stilicho and how the Western Roman empire crumbled after his death.
Thank you , K&G .
Mamluks deserve special episode series.
Kings and generals please do it on both. Bahri and burji dynasties
Not what I expected, but still great 💪🏼
Very good and and interesting video about history thank you pour dis Videos✌😉
Fantastic animation
Baybars and the mamluks made sure that the crusaders and mongols make little move towards the holy land , man the guy is legend
The moment I hear you say "Eternal Blue Sky" I knew who was the guy who wrote the script. Yes, we love you Jackmeister.
14:26 How beautifully and dramatically Kings & Generals can show history!!
Lol
Did not expect this but damnn 👍👍
When you realize you wont get killed for sending a message
*happy envoy noises*
At that time that was much safer to be a Mongol envoy, then a local citizen... But that took Mongols quite a lot of time and effort to teach others how envoys are to be treated.
I read up on this at Uni! The mongols are amazing, I love them.
Again very informative video.sometimes I feel I will leave my medicine in quest of ur channel
After watching this video, I concluded that the amazing voice behind the channel is indeed human :)
13:28 "There is al- ughck-also evidence" You okay Devin? sounds like you caught the black plague finally!
Clicked on this FAST!
Wow this is amazing. I’ve never heard of this. 😳
I am a simple man, I see a Kings and Generals upload, I watch and like.
I had absolutely no idea the Mongols had such a huge influence on Europe in general, let alone the crusades
One of the most formidable and cataclysmic conquerors in history, unrivaled by any since. Yes the British Empire did rule almost the whole world but they are far from as unstoppable and cataclysmic as what the Mongols accomplished.
@@aegystierone8505 I'm not so sure about that, the Royal navy was untouchable for 250 years...
@@aegystierone8505 I mean, the Mongols weren’t unstoppable. They were stopped numerous times.
@Nikhil RaajeMaankar great in massacre
@@aegystierone8505 the mongols were unstoppable thats funny because they got stopped by the mamlukes it was in this video maybe you should watch it first the British empire was better
Baibars😍😍😍One of the best 5 islamic warriors
@Tom W My Top 3
GAZİ OSMAN PASHA
GAZİ OSMAN PASHA
GAZİ OSMAN PASHA :)
@Tom W Depends what you mean by best...direct contribution to the religion or just being a great military leader despite killing mainly muslims like Timur
@Tom W we can all agree on one man 1st place
khalid ibn al-walid
2nd and 3rd depends on the ethnicity of the person u asking
From where u got that lol he's top 5 islamic warrior..there's many islamic warrior are better than baibars
1st is Khalid 2nd timur 3rd nadir shah 4th saladdin according most winning battle
Hello ! Love it !
Great videos as always! BTW shouldn't there be ultimata instead of ultimatums? ;) (at 00:09)