Protein Metabolism Overview, Animation
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- čas přidán 9. 08. 2020
- (USMLE topics) Biochemistry of proteins, protein digestion, role of the liver, protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism (deamination, urea cycle), connections between aminoacid metabolic pathways and glucose metabolism.
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Proteins are responsible for nearly all bodily and cellular functions: from structural proteins in bones; contractile proteins in muscles; transport proteins in blood plasma; to hormones, antibodies, cell receptors, ion channels, and enzymes that catalyze almost every chemical reactions in biological systems.
Proteins are polymers of amino-acids linked together by peptide bonds. An amino-acid consists of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain, connected to a central carbon, the α-carbon. Instead of being an extended chain of amino-acids, a protein usually folds into a three-dimensional conformation that is critical for its functions. The structure forms as a result of interactions between the side chains of amino-acids, and is thus dictated by the amino-acid sequence.
Of the 20 amino-acids that make up proteins, nearly half are essential, meaning the body cannot synthesize them and must get them from the diet. Animal proteins are usually considered high-quality, complete proteins, because they have similar amino-acid composition as human proteins, and can thus provide all the required amino-acids, but a combination of a variety of plant foods may also do the job.
Proteins in foods are digested in the stomach and small intestine, by the action of stomach acid, which denatures proteins, and several enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds. Together they break down proteins into individual amino acids, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the liver. The liver uses these amino-acids to synthesize new proteins, most of which are plasma proteins. The liver also distributes free amino-acids to other tissues, for synthesis of tissue-specific proteins. Proteins are synthesized based on genetic information of the cell, using the genetic code, and regulatory signals. Each cell has a characteristic collection of proteins, specific to its functions.
Body proteins are constantly renewed. Older proteins are broken down into free amino-acids, which are recycled, they combine with dietary amino-acids to make new proteins.
Unlike carbohydrates and lipids, proteins cannot be stored for later use. Once the cellular requirement for proteins is met, excess amino-acids are degraded and used for energy, or converted into glucose or fatty acids. Use of amino-acids for energy production also occurs when there is energy shortage, such as during prolonged exercise or extended fasting.
Since there are no nitrogenous compounds in the energy production pathways, the first step in amino-acid degradation is the removal of the amino group, by deamination or transamination, to produce keto-acids. Some amino-acids can be directly deaminated, while others must transfer their amino group to α-ketoglutarate to form glutamate, which is then deaminated to recycle α-ketoglutarate.
Depending on their side chains, keto-acids from different amino-acids may enter the metabolic cycles at different points. They may be converted to pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, or one of the intermediates of the citric acid cycle. Some of these reactions are reversible. When amino-acids are in short supply, citric acid intermediates can be aminated to create new amino-acids for protein synthesis.
Deamination produces ammonia, which is toxic if accumulated. The liver converts ammonia to urea to be excreted in urine. Extreme diets that are excessively high in proteins may overwhelm the kidneys with nitrogenous waste and cause renal damage.
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This is the best summary of protein metabolism I have ever found on CZcams. Good job.
Thank you for this wonderful video. Have Been looking for easily understandable details on protein metabolism.
Awesome video, thanks!!
This video is easy to understand, thank you for sharing your knowledge.
Glad it was helpful!
I enjoy learning from these videos. Very informative. 🎯❤️🤺
Awesome! Thank you!
Agree! Fantastic protein break down and metabolic distribution animation!
Very informative thank you
Thank you very much for the video
amazing explanation
it's just amazing, i really thank u for this, keep doing
That was so smooth like I wanna cry
Lmaoo
So good 👍
Thanks miss I appreciated you
Thanks ❤
Perfect
This is the best
Intrinsic factor is very important in the protein metabolism. It was allured but not mentioned.
thanks
Hello, can you do video on Corticosteroids?
Thanks
Thanks , exilent
Proteins can't be stored, so how long would it take before they are converted to energy, fat or glucose?
Say from a muscle building pov. I work out today and my MPS will be elevated for about 48h. I know I can't get enough protein the next two days, can I just stuff myself with protein today?
Do these proteins or amino acids stays in my blood as long as there is a clear need for them, or can I assume that after say 24h they are all either used or converted?
Studies seem to show that you can build significant muscle on one large protein meal a day. But that a few meals would give slightly better results (assuming the same total amount).
So I would assume 24h would be about the max time frame for usage. Therefore eating enough protein "for a couple of days" wouldn't make sense.
Thanks!
Thank u sir
Thanks for the video ❤️
What is NAD And NADH in reaction?
where is the problem if I eat more proteins I feel like I am over-acidified, I am starting to breath faster and sometimes with mouth (like after exercise) as if my metabolism could not utilize A.A. and I have this symptoms, Where could be problem with metabolism? As time goes my capacity of handle proteins goes down, Its like I have metabolic disorder and something in body is missing and because of that I can not utilize amino acids, when I was yonger I could tolerate all kind of food without problem now I can not eat almost everything and I am afraid of eating. Please help. I was taking B complex 1 year ago and initially it helped me a lot, more energy, better digestion, better sleep etc.. but it was like it used somekind of substance in body that is now gone and after that my ability to tolerate this food is really bad but it was decreasing my whole life I could see how everything in body has worked slower, my ability to heal wounds, production of HCL , digestion. Of course I went to doctor but they send me all the time to Gastroenterologists but they just checked with camera how my stomach looks and gave me antacids.... what a pathetic job from them. When I was complaining about how I feel they just told me its just in my head and I should not thing about this and something like that all the time, now because of them even my family dont believe me because they rather believe what they say. Thanks for any help.
How can I get whole figures
Good
Thanks! 2:28
bomb!
Great video. I'm curious, where does information about the possible renal damage w/ a high protein diet come from? In a patient w/ normal kidney function, a protein intake of up to >1.5g/kg/day has been shown to have no significant increase in markers for kidney damage.
Devries MC, Sithamparapillai A, Brimble KS, Banfield L, MortonRW, Phillips SM. Changes in kidney function do not differ between healthy adults consuming higher- compared with lower- or normal-protein diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr2018;148(11):1760-75
Saladin, Anatomy and physiology, textbook. "Excessive" is the keyword, overuse of protein powder, for example, it's the extreme scenario. It's a precaution, as many people tend to go extreme when they like a particular diet, some also may not realize they have kidney problems.
@@Alilamedicalmedia i thought the issues were mainly found with animal protein rather than plant
That's true with plant proteins from plant foods (not supplement). While in theory any protein in excessive amounts can be problematic, in reality it is almost impossible to get too much protein from plant foods as they are not very dense in proteins - you'd need to eat a huge amount. Even with animal foods, that doesn't happen very often. It's the protein supplements, especially pre-digested protein powders, that could potentially be harmful, as they can be easily over-consumed.
@@Alilamedicalmedia what if one is trying to gain healthy weight? I am torn between wanting the benefits of time restricted eating, autophagy and anti aging vs the need to put on weight and in particular muscle strength.
For muscle strength you need exercise, without it no diet can do anything. I would set protein intake slightly higher than daily requirement (too much more doesn't do anything as it will be converted to fats and glucose), then adjust slowly depending on your exercise intensity. If you plan on only plant proteins, you need variety to have a complete amino acid profile. I would stick with a classic healthy diet with healthy carbs, healthy fats, low in sugar. Balance and variety are the keys. You can still do a 12:12 or 14:10 fasting:eating window, with 2-3 meals a days, no snacking. In my opinion you can have everything you need if you dont go extreme, but that is just my 2 cents.
If one has already been checked for kidney problems and everything was cleared including a urinalysis can leaky gut be the cause of having protein/fats in the urine? I didn’t have these symptoms until I went on Keto diet
Check the low carb down under folks.
I just have one doubt, what is used first Protein or Fats for energy requirements when we workout for long duration or do extreme fasting?
proteins are the last biological molecules to be used as the source of energy.
first comes carbohydrate than fats and in the end comes protein
@@manahilrao5180
Now that I watched some videos and according to my personal experience I think you do lose some muscle mass along with your fat while losing weight. So probably proteins might get broken down along with fats but in lesser amount.
Waw welldone
So lysine and leucine don't form ammonia waste?
Sounds about right from where I’m sitting
Superb😍
Thanks for the video. It is very clarifying.
One question though:
You say "proteins cannot be stored for later use". Then you say "once the cellular requirement for proteins is met, excess amino acids are degraded".
So, if they cannot be stored where those excess amino acids come from?
Thanks!
Foods
Lol, ok 😅
1:27 digestion
The ending is a bit unexpected. What is excess protein? Is it a cause and effect statement? However, I agree that overconsumption of protein is not what is needed.
1-2 g per kg of lean body weight.
Can anyone describe explain how protein can be used for energy for me please?
They only if you go on long duration exercises or extreme fasting, Protein can be used for energy. Proteins get converted into Glucose and Fats by deamination process and some other process they mentioned in this video. Once it is so converted it can be used for energy consumption.
Anyone tell me. what do you mean by magic 20??
where did you heard magic 20?
Protein metabolism chapter . Magic 20 are 20 amino acids which take part in the synthesis of proteins
😅🤣
😅😁
22 amino acids
2 of which are newly found with their functions not defined (i think) which is probably why most books would only talk about the metabolism or functions of only 20 amino acids.
hmm ??? I want a video for brain
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All this happens in our body 🤯😳 Glory be to Allah the Designer the best of Makers
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