Acid Base Balance, Animation.
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- čas přidán 22. 08. 2024
- Acid base regulation basics, pulmonary regulation and renal handling of acid-base balance.
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pH is an indicator of acidity. The body’s blood pH is strictly regulated within a narrow range between 7.35 and 7.45. This is because even a minor change in acidity may have devastating effects on protein stability and biochemical processes.
Normal cellular metabolism constantly produces and excretes carbon dioxide into the blood. Carbon dioxide combines with water to make carbonic acid which dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate. This equilibrium is central to understand acid-base regulation. CONTINUED carbon dioxide production by all cells of the body drives the equilibrium to the right to generate more hydrogen ions. Because pH is basically a function of hydrogen ion concentration, more hydrogen means higher acidity and lower pH. Normal metabolism, therefore, constantly makes the blood more acidic. The body must react to keep the blood pH within the normal limits. This is achieved by 2 mechanisms:
- Elimination of carbon dioxide through exhalation. The amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by the lungs is regulated in response to changes in acidity. A decrease in pH is sensed by central or arterial chemoreceptors and leads to deeper, faster breathing; more carbon dioxide is exhaled, less hydrogen is made, blood acidity decreases and blood pH returns to normal. Pulmonary regulation is fast, usually effective within minutes to hours.
- Excretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate through the kidneys. The kidneys control blood pH by adjusting the amount of excreted acids and reabsorbed bicarbonate. Renal regulation is slower; it usually takes days to respond to pH disturbances.
Pathologic changes may cause acid-base disturbances. Acidosis refers to a process that causes increased acidity, while alkalosis refers to one that causes increased alkalinity. It’s not uncommon for a patient to have several processes going on at once, some of them in opposite directions. The resulting plasma pH may be normal; too acidic, called acidemia; or too basic, called alkalemia.
Acidosis may result from inadequate function of the lungs which causes arterial carbon dioxide to accumulate. This is RESPIRATORY acidosis. On the other hand, METABOLIC acidosis may result from excessive production of metabolic acids, decreased ability of the kidneys to excrete acids, ingestion of acids, or loss of alkali. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by primary decrease in plasma bicarbonate.
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Sue Stern does an incredibly good job at speaking. Her speed, clarity and intonation is just perfect for me. Thanks, Sue!
i've been having a hard time understanding this lesson on my physiology class but you explained it in just 5:44 minutes. amazing. thank you!
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Thank goodness for this video. Everything I've been learning in my Physiology class finally made sense after watching this. Such an important concept for homeostasis!
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Could you consider doing more videos about metabolic acidosis, alkalosis, and respiratory acidosis/alkalosis? Your videos are so good, thank you for making them!
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I would love to see a video like that on Alpha 1 Antitrypsin, its structure, role in the body on a cellular level as well as its synthesis and how an acquired A1AT deficiency happens.
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please make detailed video on lung mechanics and also CNS
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the cell In acidosis there will be expelling of H+ or entering of HCO3- into the cell
the cell In alkalosis is opposed by expelling of HCO3- via the anion exchanger.
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Hi, very nicely explained, i would like you to make a video on: what happens inside, during box breathing, how hold in this technique helps
Thank you so much for describing a this complicating topic. Can you explain how these are compensated within the body in a next video. Thank you.
Look for alkalosis and acidosis videos on our channel!
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Hi there if I may suggest some topics to talk about like :
Genetic disorders
Endocrine abnormalities
Autistic spectrum disorder
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Please can you talk about the compensatory mechanism of acidosis and alkalosis
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Thank you for the video. Please update with Fluid and electrolyte disturbances topic.
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Thank you so much, please explain how does lung surfactants work.
Very well explained... Can respiratory and renal regulation of Acid base balance be explained in more details
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I really liked your explanation of acid-base, Can you please explain about endocrine and renal topics? Thank you so much
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The third mechanism, hydrogen - potassium exchange in cells, is also worth to mention
Thank so much
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Thanks for the teaching may we do ventilation perfusion ratio
Informative
do you need buffers in urine to protect the tubules from acidity or because it makes H+ secretion more efficient by lowering their concentration? or why?