Welsh vs. Breton Languages Compared, Colours
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- čas přidán 16. 09. 2023
- The Celtic Languages split into two families, which are basically British and Irish descended. In this video we take a look at two of those languages (Welsh 'Cymraeg' and Breton 'Brezhoneg') and compare their colours. This shows us how incredibly close these two languages are.
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Thank you for including Cornish, it really does show the "middle language" between them.
Also worth noting that Cornish was (before it died) becoming closer to Breton with the voiced dental fricative "dh" becoming more like Breton "zh".
And at least you didn't mention Llaeth vs Lllefrith, else you might have caused Wales to split back into gwynedd and deheubarth lol.
Gromerci ra'n vidyo
Cornish was indeed under radical sound shifts in the last 2 centuries of it as a community language.
Dynnargh dhywgh.
@@BenLlywelyn meur ras, mas owgh hwi.
5:48 The Breton 'kistin' looks like it is the word for chestnut. In Cornish Gerlyver Meur gives 'kesten' for "chestnuts", which is a collective noun, with a singulative 'kestenenn'. and notes Breton 'kistin' and W. 'castan' as cognates. The word seems to be one of the ones that Morton Nance added to Cornish based on cognates.
Indeed, you and I agreeed there. I almost mention castan in Welsh. But wanted the video to be short.
The English word cast / to cast (I think it’s kasta in Old Norse and Icelandic) might have come from the same root word as the word for chestnut - these languages have such pretty words, oren / orange and melyn / velyn and gwerdd / gwer / gwyrdh etc and glas and arian and gwenn and llwyd and kistin and porffor etc are some of the best, and also gell, which comes from the Germanic word geel / gull etc, so pretty!
yes, it actually means chestnuts in breton, and is also ur collective noun (singulative kistinenn).
So interesting to compare the Celtic languages like this. Diolch yn fawr iawn Ben.
Croeso Tedi. Very similar languages.
Fascinating stuff. Many thanks. I don't know Welsh, but I'm very curious about Breton and was getting very interested in the commonality of both languages. Cornish too for that matter.
Breton is very interesting indeed. Trugarez (thank you)
2:45 Cornish also has kogh "blood-red, scarlet" in Gerlyver Meur. It gives an etymology of Late Latin coccum 'berry of the scarlet oak'
Fascinating. Meur ras!
The "Gw" for example in Welsh the color white (gwynn) is the same word as "finn" or "fian" in Gaelic. The "gw" such as the word "gwern" is the same word as "fern". The word for white in Italian is "bian" or "bianco". The "b" and the "f" now interchange and so on and so on. Now we can deduce which language is the oldest by the original alphabets introduced by Phoenicians via Greek. Everything else was with a later understanding of the same alphabet (which includes Cyrillic).
The problem with saying which language is oldest is that languafez are not stationary. It is not clear when Frankish became French, nor when Romanian formed, when Brythonic became Welsh. It was slow, over centuries.
Precisely nor were the Celts. A language forms over time and changes in different locations. We can look at the oldest Europeans and see what names they gave rivers, lakes, trees, wine (White), etc. that was not yet named. As I mentioned before Celtic names are all over Germany, Switzerland, Serbia, etc... it doesnt mean they all lived at the same time and together. I am looking for the roots, why are they mostly all the same? We cant always find them immediately because something is obscuring it, like changing the word cane to cudgel, the same things but several words for the same thing. We can deduce roots of certain words by the locations and who was in the locations first and how the entire European world came to use that same root. Certainly this doesnt mean the Celts invented all of these roots, but that the roots and people were all sprouted out of the same other groups. Thats my point. The Celts have the most roots it seems because they were in most of these geographical locations first to name them. Now if we went back to the Middle East like say modern day Ankara, Turkey this was once a Celtic city with the root Ank (like anchor) and also like the Egyptian word "ank". The beak on the Phoenix constellation is called the ank. So I could say this was a Celtic word, but it goes back to Egypt.@@BenLlywelyn
When you say "Romanian" do you mean Ottoman conquered Romania or Dacians? Dacians and Celts were in so called Romania at the same time so it isnt any wonder they spoke much the same language, As with the Thracians in Bulgaria, another heavily populated Celtic area (Sofia was called Sverdica which is also most likely how Serbia got its name (they dont know). So we have Celts with Dacians, Celts with Thracians long before Ottoman rule there which you can still see their biological features of the Ottomans and the Celtic/Dacian. Again we have a problem with biologys and geography. Like the Basque in Spain may have spoken some Celtic root words they are not Celtic after being mixed with Moors, Britain and Ireland is proof of it. I watched a video on a Romanian making the claim that Latin came from Dacian rather than vise versa which I agree because Dacian came from Gaelic which they received from the Celts (not him however because he was an obviously mixed Turk). I am in Romania right now and you can easily tell who is who and also the little folks who are always behind it all (guess who).@@BenLlywelyn
@@BenLlywelyn The Dacian tribe "Costobaci" (there is that Ca and or Co prefix) wiki says Some scholars argue that "Costoboci" has a Celtic etymology.[7] Yes Wiki claims its just an argument of crazy people like myself. These wiki folks are the same people that claim "the Jews" were in bondage in Egypt when looking up the Exodus. No it wasnt "the Jews" it was the 12 tribes, not one of them had ever heard the word Jew or even knew what a J even looked like.
I'm a Welsh/Cymraeg speaker from Gwynedd. I watched several CZcams videos in Breton to see how much I'd understand. Unfortunately, I understood nothing. The French subtitles gave me a gist though (despite me not knowing French), due to so many French words resembling English words. Breton and Cymraeg are closely related as is common knowledge, but I suspect they're significantly more different than, for instance, the different varieties of Gaelic are (which, as far as I know, have significant mutual intelligibility with one another). I listened to a Cornish language news broadcast, and could pick out a large number of words that enabled me to get some sort of a vague gist. For me personally, Cornish is the only language where there is any level of mutual intelligibility with Cymraeg.
Dywedwn i hefyd fod tafodiaeth Gwynedd yn bellach i ffordd o Lydaweg na thafodiaethau Hwntw.
@@BenLlywelyn Efallai, ond i mi yn bersonol, dwi 'di cael llawer iawn o gysylltiad â lleferydd Cymraeg Deheuol, a dwi dal ddim yn deall Llydaweg o gwbl. Ond wrth gwrs, ni allaf ond siarad drosof fy hun.
Is there much about old welsh, I noticed the texts from what I could find look very different in form to newer forms on welsh
The printing press forced a more English looking orthography onto Welsh.
Thank your for that video. It's a pleasure seeing breton is not forgotten !
Just a little thing : in breton, the letter "u" is pronounced like in french (or ü un german). I think it's [y] in API.
And here is a joke we make in (little) Britanny is about the welsh ordering a glass of wine in welsh but in Britanny.
There is no problem for white wine : "gwin gwyn" sounds like "gwin gwenn", but be careful if you wand red wine : "gwyn coch" sounds like "gwin kaoc'h" wich means …shit wine" !
But don't worry… we love too much wine to have "gwin kaoc'h" ! 🍷
I'm sure your wine is better than ours with your better climate.
@@BenLlywelyn so you're welcome to drink wine… of any color !
I am a Northerner and I am angry 😤
Oh no.
In Cornish, gwer is another word for non-vegetation green. I'm not sure if there's a difference in usage between gwer and gwyrdh (or maybe Middle vs. Late Cornish).
Possibly. Late Cornish went through deep change.
I have actually learnt a few hundred words in Breton so far, from lyrics and a few other videos that teach a few words and phrases, and a few words in Cornish, and probably over 1.000 words in Welsh - I definitely know a lot of words in Welsh now, I can understand a lot of words in sentences! It’s very interesting that Welsh intonation and sounds remind of Dutch a lot, while Breton spelling reminds a lot of Dutch spelling and French spelling, and Breton pronunciation sounds like French, but more toned-down - so Breton pronunciation is not as nasal as the French pronunciation that most speakers of French use! The word plij / blij means please and to please (to like, as in, it pleases me or I find it pleasant aka I like it) in Breton, and it is spelled just like the Dutch word blij which has a similar meaning (glad) and, I could also figure out the meanings of many other Breton words, because I know some Welsh and I also have naturally great pattern recognition skills / observational skills / analytical skills, so I could infer the meaning of certain words, even though they are usually in a sentence and not translated one by one / word by word - I know that ar and ur are the definite articles in Breton, so a noun comes after them, while in Welsh the definite articles are y / yr, so they are pretty similar, and the words e and o are the verbal particles in Breton, and I think ‘e’ also means ‘in’ in Breton, so it has at least two meanings, while in Welsh the verbal particle is yn, which also means in, and it seems like the colors are also similar in Welsh / Breton / Cornish!
I think the word aval which means wind in Breton comes from the Welsh word afal (apple) and, the word for Sun in Heol in Breton, and the word melen probably came from melon (or melon came from melen) because it would make sense as certain melons are yellow like honeydew melons and cantaloupes etc, while the words for and are similar in Breton and Welsh, and ha is used before a noun that starts with a consonant in Breton, like, ha Heol (and Sun) and, it’s like in Welsh, where a is used before nouns with consonants such and a tân (and 🔥) etc, while an extra g is added to ha when it’s before a noun starting with a vowel in Breton, just like a c is added to the Welsh word á when the noun starts with a vowel - Celtic languages directly come from Celtiberian (which came from Greek, and Greek came from Proto European, directly or indirectly) and, it seems like Italic / Latin languages came from Celtic languages, or both may have come from another Proto language that came from Greek, and Germanic languages were probably the newest languages, and they probably came from Latin, but it’s also possible that Latin languages came from Proto European, and Greek languages might have come from the first Latin language, and then Celtic languages came from Greek languages and also being inspired by the first Latin languages, so, like a mix of Greek languages and Latin languages, which would explain why Celtiberian looked mostly like Greek, but with a some Latin influence, but yea, unfortunately one cannot know for sure which languages came directly from Proto European, or if Latin languages came directly from Proto European or from Greek or from another language that came from Proto European, or if both Latin languages and Greek languages directly came from Proto European...
Dw i wedi bod yn dysgu Cymraeg ac ieithoedd eraill ers blwyddyn / Cymraeg ers mis...
"scian" is an interesting word in Gaelic, The earliest words in Gaelic did not have vowels and as I said in another post often the "th" sound is not included in the spelling or not in the pronunciation. Look at "dagger" or "knife" in Hebrew "skeen" pronounced Si-keen, this is the root of sicario in Spanish and every early European language (not always the first word you will find but its there every time for dagger, knife, spear, even to cut in Latin "secare". It is the word for an assassin in Spanish languages before they had guns "sicario". Scythians are said to be named either after their geographic location shaped like a scythe or the knife they carried which was shaped a certain way (Im not going to say it was shaped like a scythe because a scythe would have been shaped like it-opposite). Now the scythe is simply a derivative of sickle (it was a sickle that was to be used on Isaac- look up images on google and I would be very unsurprised if this was where the word "icicle" derived). Looks very much like an icicle hanging from a rooftop (Isaacle"?). Now back to the word "scian" and no "th" sound in Gaelic. How would the word "scythian" be pronounced in Gaelic without the "th" like Catherine and Carin". Just how it is. Coincidence? I dont think so, maybe I should believe we are all descendants of Leprechauns and Pixies like everyone else. Next time I will go into how that same root became "Saka" and the Anglo Saxons which despite our knowledge of them we are the same people.
I do not believe Gaels or Britons come from Semitic or Scythian roots.
Could you first define what "semitic" means? If you think it means Jewish I dont think they have Jewish roots either, but define semitic first please. This is a trick word and dont forget Edom was a so called semite and God hated him and his lineage (Amalekites etc.). Joos dont tell the truth they pervert truth. Thats what they do!@@BenLlywelyn
Even many Irish history books relate Gaels with Fenius Farsaidh and the Scythians (even though they dont go any farther than that). Again the Scottish Arbroath Declaration says they were once Scythians. Scythians and Saxons are the same thing. The words and the people were spread apart when they began and spread apart after. Is it a geographical word or is it a racial identification word? Oh I forgot thats "racist". @@BenLlywelyn
@@rickmccann4016 There is simply no logical evidence for Gaels coming from Scythia. I'm sorry but it is made up - it's not real. Gaels came from Ireland. Picts wre in Scotland, Romanised Britains became Welsh and lowland Scots, then Angles, some Frisian, some Norse. Romans brought auxillaries from Dacia (a few thousand at most). A few of that few thousand may have had Sarmatian roots. That's as far as it goes.
We see Celts all over Europe (all along the rivers) are we supposed to believe that they left Ireland where they hatched (supposedly) and traveled all over Europe before anyone else got there (or very few) even to Eastern Turkey? Or did they come from the east and move west? Thor Heyerdahl had some good info on that and nobody that Ive ever seen claims the Irish hatched in Ireland, as I said before the biggest group of people to land in Ireland were the Milesians (western Turkey today) via Iberia. The Cymru went a different route over land and up the rivers such as the Danube that they named. They didnt leave Ireland, discover most of Europe, name the rivers, lakes and mountains and go back to Ireland. They were seafarers just like the Phoenicians (the only people on earth who knew the open seas like them). Different names for people dont make them different people any more than your own sister who has another name after she marries into another clan, The name changes but the people are the same- even across the world.@@BenLlywelyn
Thank you so much for these videos, if it weren't for you my version of Sudrian would look all over the place. 😂
Croeso / Welcome
hello, les marins breton et gallois se parlais entre eux, ils ont découvert que leurs langue était commune
Les Cornouailles aussi, sur la côte en face.
I read some time ago that the English navy in the middle ages made a point of having Cornish sailors aboard ship because of their ease of communication with Bretons they met at sea and in port.
During the 100 years war the Breton "commoners" allied to the English whilst many, but not all, aristocrats allied to the French through marriage and/or promises of land and wealth.
Obviously many "English" soldiers were Welsh and Cornish.
Near where I live both Ploermel and Malestroit were English garrisons.
Yes, Breton Cornish sea links continued and acted as a strengthener to the Cornish Language, until the Reformation came and the hostility to Catholicism / Protestantism cut them off from eachother, weakening Cornish.
Intresting to not "kaoc'h" meaning shit in breton, is pronounced very similarly to "coch" in welsh. don't know if they are related or not, I mean it could make some sence
Hope someone did not have red poo at some point.
Du is the best name for a color.
You'll find similar words in Gàidhlig, but not necessarily the same hue!
That could be an enlightening video.
An interesting one is ruadh. which is the kind of red that red headed people have (Ruairidh/Ruaraidh - red headed king), yet common or garden red is dearg. Glas can mean anything from grey to green, yet gorm can be blue to green. In the Western Isles, older, native, Gàidhlig speakers describe the colour of grass as gorm. Uaine or glas have superceded this.@@BenLlywelyn
A lot of older interchanges there@@Weejie2011.
Diolch yn fawr oddi wrth yr Eidal...
Croeso!
Sorry sir but our breton "du" is pronounced like the french "du" you find for example in the sentence "je mange du pain " (I eat bread ) , but I know that "u" is a great problem fot the English , thanks for the rest...
Merci pour le regarde.
If you think the Scythians are todays Jews (you must think they are someone) just think of this, The Jews that came out of Eastern Europe are called "Ashkenazi's" named after Ashkenaz who was a Japhethite not a Shemite or Semite at all. Did they speak a semitic language? Yhiddish isnt Hebrew and even if they did, I speak English, that doesnt make me English. Scythians according to numerous historians are indeed many of Europes descendants if not all (the true Europeans) all who had the God or hero Hercules.
I think we have gone beyond what each other meant.