The Treaty of Versailles And The Economic Consequences Of The Peace I THE GREAT WAR 1919

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  • čas přidán 19. 06. 2024
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    John Maynard Keynes was an economist and part of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He had high hopes for a new post-war order but when he realized what Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd-George and Woodrow Wilson were planing, he resigned from the conference. And then wrote a book about it: The Economic Consequences of the Peace became a bestseller and is one of the best known critiques of the Versailles Treaty.
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    » SOURCES
    Demps, Lorenz and Materna, Ingo (eds.). Geschichte Berlins von den Anfängen bis 1945. Berlin, 1987.
    Eichengreen, Barry. Golden Fetters. The Gold Standard and the Great Depression 1919-1939. New York 1995.
    Horn. Britain, France and the Financing of the First World War, 2002.
    Hudson, Michael. “Trade, Development, and Foreign Debt: Volume 2.” Pluto Press, London, 1992.
    Hudson, Michael. “Superimperialism: The Origins and Fundamentals of U.S. World Dominance.” Pluto Press, London 2003.
    Keynes, John Maynard. “The Economic Consequences of the Peace.” Harcourt, Brace and Howe, New York, 1919.
    Kinzer, Stephen. “The True Flag: Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain, and the Birth of American Empire.” St. Martin's Griffin, 2018
    Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. 1960.
    Skidelsky, Robert. “John Maynard Keynes, 1883-1946: Economist, Philosopher, Statesman.” Penguin Books, New York, New York, 2003.
    Skidelsky, Robert. “John Maynard Keynes Volume I-Hopes Betrayed.” Penguin Books, New York, 1983.
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    »CREDITS
    Presented by: Jesse Alexander
    Written by: Jesse Alexander
    Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
    Director of Photography: Toni Steller
    Sound: Toni Steller
    Editing: Toni Steller
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    Research by: Jesse Alexander
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    Contains licensed material by getty images
    All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2020

Komentáře • 797

  • @TheGreatWar
    @TheGreatWar  Před 4 lety +109

    Please make a pledge for The Great War on Patreon: patreon.com/thegreatwar - in light of CZcams's move against history channels, the channel needs to rely on your support on Patreon. Thank you.

    • @francoise4308
      @francoise4308 Před 4 lety +2

      Socialism
      Yeeeee

    • @silvesby
      @silvesby Před 4 lety +13

      @@francoise4308 Ah yes, a mega-corporation and monopoly is a perfect example of socialism.

    • @mensch1066
      @mensch1066 Před 4 lety

      When will supporter podcast #9 be posted here on CZcams for those of us who don't use Patreon but support the channel through CZcams?

    • @memer7987
      @memer7987 Před 4 lety +2

      You guys should branch out and create a Bitchute channel

    • @makinemecku5424
      @makinemecku5424 Před 4 lety +1

      You should try joining watchnebula with other educational youtubers.

  • @rukeyazu8669
    @rukeyazu8669 Před 4 lety +1100

    Anyone else notice how the belt things from his pants or something that go over his shoulder line up almost perfectly with the wall?

    • @amulyagupta441
      @amulyagupta441 Před 4 lety +82

      I can't unsee it now

    • @tz4058
      @tz4058 Před 4 lety +30

      I do now.

    • @silvesby
      @silvesby Před 4 lety +94

      Oh no. It looks like he's strapped to the wall.

    • @danbalam0218
      @danbalam0218 Před 4 lety +32

      First thing I noticed.

    • @Nikolapoleon
      @Nikolapoleon Před 4 lety +146

      "belt things from his pants or something that go over his shoulder"
      Really?
      Do you mean suspenders?

  • @cosuinofdeath
    @cosuinofdeath Před 4 lety +556

    Why does CZcams demonetize history channels wtf

    • @BoostedPastime
      @BoostedPastime Před 4 lety +166

      Because they don't want us to learn what really happened. They want simple narratives not in depth explanations and huminizing mainly Germans.

    • @Dimetropteryx
      @Dimetropteryx Před 4 lety +63

      @@BoostedPastime Cool story, but not true.

    • @brendanwoods7278
      @brendanwoods7278 Před 4 lety +55

      Yiutunes algorithms and terms of service have a hard time deciphering when something is being used for educational purposes and sometimes finds that videos containing "controversial material" (which remains as yet undefined to a large degree) are targetable for demonetization. Basically the Algorithm finds things that can be perceived as controversial, regardless of what manner they are being discussed, and demonetizes the channels that sponsor them. There is more on this from some smaller History channels such as the Armchair Historian and if you go back a few months here on the Great War, they discuss this in greater depth. I believe you can find it under something like "+100 videos demonetized" or something to that effect

    • @justinlabrosse8506
      @justinlabrosse8506 Před 4 lety +29

      History is a strong message. The whole quote "History is written by the victor" applies more now then it ever did in society and politics because they dont want you too think that they do anything wrong. You say something people dont quite understand and next thing you know your being called a racist lol

    • @Spongebrain97
      @Spongebrain97 Před 4 lety +12

      @@eurosensazion well no cuz it attacks ALL history channels

  • @657449
    @657449 Před 4 lety +55

    In 1970 I found a history book written in 1919. The last chapter was on the Great War. I remember this for one reason. The author stated that if the Treaty arrangements didn't solve all the problems after the war, a new war was certain.

    • @ildikoszolnoki1997
      @ildikoszolnoki1997 Před 4 lety +1

      Neville Chamberlain, Nagy-Britannia miniszterelnöke 1938-ban kijelentette, hogy: „A Trianoni Szerződés eredménye Európában nem a béke, hanem egy új háború félelme”.

    • @maxpower3990
      @maxpower3990 Před rokem +3

      While true that statement is also meaningless. Europe is the most blood soaked ground on the Earth. The Europeans nations barely needed a reason to start a war.

  • @BHuang92
    @BHuang92 Před 4 lety +306

    “This is not peace. It is an armistice for 20 years”
    -French Marshal Ferdinand Foch on the Treaty of Versailles

    • @vincentwitt1810
      @vincentwitt1810 Před 4 lety +21

      ive seen this qoute everywhere for years. Crazy how he was exactly correct

    • @tdzida
      @tdzida Před 4 lety +79

      Fun fact Foch thought the treaty was too lenient and that it won't stop Germany from waging another bloody war.

    • @shawngilliland243
      @shawngilliland243 Před 4 lety +17

      @BHuang92 - Marshal Foch made one of the most accurate summaries of the Treaty of Versailles. Thanks for posting it!

    • @jackthorton10
      @jackthorton10 Před 4 lety +13

      A storm was slowly building, in my opinion, the second the ink dried on that treaty

    • @jamestang1227
      @jamestang1227 Před 4 lety +47

      Foch thought the treaty was too lenient on Germany and likely would have agreed with teh French president Poincaré that Germany should have been re-divided into smaller nations.

  • @lavrentivs9891
    @lavrentivs9891 Před 4 lety +36

    I find it rather funny how Ferdinand Foch's comments about how the Versailles Treaty was just a 20 year armistice is often seen as a comment on how harsh the Versailles Treaty was, when Foch though that it was too lenient on the germans.

    • @darthplagueis13
      @darthplagueis13 Před 4 lety +1

      Maybe. Nevertheless he was also aware that the treaty could not warrant permanent peace because in itself it was a delayed declaration of war.

    • @lavrentivs9891
      @lavrentivs9891 Před 4 lety +6

      @@darthplagueis13 But he wanted a further dismantling of the german army et cetera. So using it as an argument that the Versailles treaty was too harsh is taking the quote out of context.

    • @vksasdgaming9472
      @vksasdgaming9472 Před 3 lety +13

      It was too lenient to stop Germany from rising as great power and too harsh to calm people's minds. Failure because it was a compromise between two extremes.

    • @criscabrera9098
      @criscabrera9098 Před 4 měsíci

      @@vksasdgaming9472no the treaty had nothing to do with Germany rearming the allies were not willing to fight when Germany was breaking the treaty had they gotten involved when Germany was still weak they would of lost so much the allies disunity and inability to fight when at the start is what lead to another war

    • @thelvadam2884
      @thelvadam2884 Před 3 měsíci

      ​@@criscabrera9098
      The humiliation was a breeding ground for national socialists to spread their ideology and hate
      Especially the behavior of the French Rhineland occupation and the causing Hyper inflation pushed people into the arms of Hitler

  • @brucegibbins3792
    @brucegibbins3792 Před 4 lety +88

    Singularity one of the most easily understood and explained presentations on the Treaty of Versailles and its broader ramifications.

  • @frederik5991
    @frederik5991 Před 4 lety +102

    "This war will be over by christmas" makes sense, at least economically.

    • @ludwigvanel9192
      @ludwigvanel9192 Před 4 lety +6

      In the past, wars had to be funded from the king's limited coffers, but advanced financing (up to borrowing from unborn generations through inflation) meant that bankruptcy was no longer the immediate limitation it used to be.

    • @MarvelBoi44
      @MarvelBoi44 Před 2 lety

      Dhe Repar8ions R 2 Damn High

  • @oLii96x
    @oLii96x Před 4 lety +33

    Keynes book about the versaille treaty is really intersting. He calls the great war the "european civil war" which is actually more fitting.

    • @youwilldie8835
      @youwilldie8835 Před 4 lety

      @Harry Paul France? Austria-Hungary? The USA? Italy? Not related to queen Victoria (pretty much every minor power was though, except Serbia and Montenegro)

    • @Relugus
      @Relugus Před rokem +1

      I think if Asquith had gone to Versaile instead of Lloyd George, we might have got a better result.

    • @Testimony_Of_JTF
      @Testimony_Of_JTF Před rokem +1

      Keynes was wrong on this tbh

  • @brianoneil9662
    @brianoneil9662 Před 4 lety +94

    90% of government expenditures towards war debt? Considering how devastated the other major European economies were as well, Germany would have had to discover and capture ElDorado to come out even.

    • @GlidusFlowers
      @GlidusFlowers Před 4 lety +23

      Brian O'Neil
      IIRC correctly, Germany finished paying the WWI debt in 2010, so yeah, pretty much needed an El Dorado

    • @Nyctasia
      @Nyctasia Před 4 lety +22

      @@GlidusFlowers - Given they paid pretty much nothing from 1919 - 1990 the debt is not as bad as imagined. They only restarted payments after Germany reunified, and had tried to default on the debt from the outset.

    • @Paciat
      @Paciat Před 4 lety +5

      @@GlidusFlowers The smaller West Germany payed till 2010, while also paying WW I reparations. And all that while quite quickly recovering its own economy.
      And did El Dorado have coal and telephone poles? Cause France wanted a lot of those as reparations, so that they can actually repair the war damage.

    • @Nyctasia
      @Nyctasia Před 4 lety +7

      @Fabian Kirchgessner - How about the deliberate desolation left behind the German armies as they retreated? Pure malice. If the terms did not suit, Germany had the option of continuing the war to a conclusion.

    • @Nyctasia
      @Nyctasia Před 4 lety +9

      @Fabian Kirchgessner - Yes, and at Brest-Litovsk the Germans insisted Russia pay them, as well as stripping away about 33% of industrial Russia to form German puppet states. Versailles was no different.
      People are still fighting, we probably always will be for one reason or another, we are imperfect creatures.

  • @amulyagupta441
    @amulyagupta441 Před 4 lety +26

    Am I the only one who likes to see these old black and white videos so much?

  • @josephbarber6140
    @josephbarber6140 Před 4 lety +62

    Merry Christmas

  • @zodiacthefirst3781
    @zodiacthefirst3781 Před 4 lety +16

    Count Albert Apponyi said when the great powers pronounced the death sentence of Hungary in 1920:
    "You dug the grave of Hungary but Hungary will be there at the funeral of all the countries who dug this grave to my country."
    Here we are ...

    • @DerDop
      @DerDop Před 3 lety

      And what happened?

    • @xerxen100
      @xerxen100 Před 2 lety +2

      @@DerDop The colonial empires collapsed, and now migration crisis , and so on...

  • @danam0228
    @danam0228 Před 4 lety +100

    All hail the commission for reparations from youtube!

  • @randomcommenter100
    @randomcommenter100 Před 4 lety +78

    You guys should make an episode about the "sister work" to this, "The political consequences of the peace" by historian Jacques Bainville. It was published in 1920, and fights Keynes on many groups.
    It wisely foresaw the dismantling of new eastern European states that succumbed to German or Soviet influence, etc... Bainville was mostly anti-German but it doesn't make his insight any less valid.

    • @TheGreatWar
      @TheGreatWar  Před 4 lety +18

      Interesting, will have a look at that book.

    • @randomcommenter100
      @randomcommenter100 Před 4 lety +25

      @@TheGreatWar Would be great if you did! It doesn't receive as much attention as Keynes' work but it foresaw the annexation of Austria by a resurgent Germany, the Sudetenland crisis and a German-Soviet pact against Poland.
      Absolutely visionary since he was writing this in 1920. Bainville's outlook on the Versailles treaty was this: "it is too soft for what it has harsh, and too harsh for what it has soft".

    • @AgendaFiles
      @AgendaFiles Před 2 lety +1

      @@TheGreatWar If you decide to continue this into the recovery of the Weimar Republic, 1924-28 "the Golden Age" as it's commonly referred to through the initial 1924 Dawes Plan, see "The Myths of Reparations" by Sally Marks and "American 'Reparations' to Germany, 1919-1933" by Stephen A. Schuker (the most comprehensive on this topic). Keynes is largely responsible for all the misconceptions of the treaty's outcome into their reparations.

    • @AgendaFiles
      @AgendaFiles Před 2 lety

      @@randomcommenter100 As stated by German historian Peter Fritzsche, the alleged "harshness" narrative is a "false memory" that the Germans only came to believe in after 1933, it being one of their most lasting achievements in propaganda.

    • @randomcommenter100
      @randomcommenter100 Před 2 lety

      @@AgendaFiles Interesting, in which book did he write about this?

  • @davidcollins2648
    @davidcollins2648 Před 2 lety +7

    I would like to express my gratitude to the supporters of the channel who make it all financially possible. Living on SSDI leaves me no disposable income and thus it is only through their patronage I enjoy TGW videos. A very sincere thank you to you all. Because of you I now realize WW1 didn't end in 1918 but only the Western front ceased fighting. Central and Eastern Europe would continue fighting for years to come. What a mess the Allies inherited! I'm no fan of Wilson but his role in the League of Nations was vital in giving the principle of self-determination to a continent in crisis. As bad as it was things could have turned out worse.

  • @mcmaha1
    @mcmaha1 Před 4 lety +64

    Great episode as always! I recommend taking a look at Kissinger's book "Diplomacy", he explains very well why Versailles was too lenient to give France safety and too severe to prevent resentment. Versailles is a difficult mix of classic European balance of power ideas and American idealism, which in the end pleased nobody.

    • @Nyctasia
      @Nyctasia Před 4 lety +11

      The entire reparations issue was an add-on to the treaty in the first place, Britain was prepared to waive the debts she was owed from the war (having ended it a net creditor) but was herself in debt to the US, who was not prepared to waive the debts owed to her, so that meant someone had to pay, and the defeated nations that had also started the war were the inevitable choice for who to make pay.

    • @Nyctasia
      @Nyctasia Před 4 lety +2

      @Teddles Peddles - No, Germany declared war on France and Russia. Britain was the only nation to declare war on Germany and did so because Germany refused to halt her sion of Belgium.

    • @MarvelBoi44
      @MarvelBoi44 Před 2 lety

      Dhe Repar8ions R 2 Damn High

  • @sharkywillzy5616
    @sharkywillzy5616 Před 4 lety +9

    Sad that so few people know "The Political Consequences of Peace" of Jacques Bainville. He predicted at the time the rise of a Germany relatively spared from the war and full of revenge against an exhausted France which with 40 million inhabitants is not in a position to make up against the 60 million inhabitants besides the Rhine. The Anschluss, the Sudetenland crisis, the German-Soviet pact against Poland, he had already said everything in 1920.

  • @johnhall8364
    @johnhall8364 Před 4 lety +38

    What a great episode, brilliantly researched! I’ve been watching this channel since 1914-2014 and enjoyed every bit of it. The more I learn the more I understand just how catastrophic this war was. It irreparably broke the back of European-Western culture. It destroyed these great and cultured nations not just in terms of blood and treasure but it also destroyed the moral credibility of the West. What a shame!

    • @terraflow__bryanburdo4547
      @terraflow__bryanburdo4547 Před 4 lety +3

      Brilliant episode and perfect reply!

    • @armedwombat6816
      @armedwombat6816 Před 4 lety +10

      Their moral credibility? What are you talking about? The western powers were self-serving, war-mongering bigots (not to mention colossal asshats and idiots), even those who called themselves democracies. If anything, it showed their moral decay and how much of their so-called civilization was just a facade.
      I'm not sad they vanished. Not a 100% psyched about what replaced them, but I would not want to live in a world with a pre-WWI mindset.

    • @eoinh1
      @eoinh1 Před 4 lety +8

      I don't agree. Most of them were uncaring colonial nations and quite undemocratic. Belgiums treatment of the Congo. Man-made famine in ireland caused by Britain killing millions.

  • @sawyer4713
    @sawyer4713 Před rokem

    Thank you. I just discovered this channel. So much information in such a compact style. So much 'fascist' criticism and other slams are being thrown around, by people of all persuasions, that we have forgotten what The Great War was all about. Lots of parallels and so many differences. Your channel is a gift that deserves to be supported by many.

  • @aronjanssonnordberg307
    @aronjanssonnordberg307 Před 4 lety +1

    Thank you for all the content. These are great. The last one about the early days of the NSDAP was your best in my opinion.

  • @seanlander9321
    @seanlander9321 Před 4 měsíci +2

    The only country that paid its debt without discounts or offsets in full from WWI was Australia. The debt was huge at 50% of GDP and took until 1936 to be paid.
    Interestingly, at the London Conference in 1953 the allied nations singled out Australia to receive nothing in German reparations, so it didn’t sign, which means that technically, Australia still has a claim on Germany from Versailles.

  • @henrikschmidt3964
    @henrikschmidt3964 Před 4 lety +1

    Another great in-depth video. You cover a lot of ground in a short time, but I don't think you skirt over anything. I learned a bit about John Maynard Keynes. Now I am slightly wiser.
    Hat's off!

  • @groovymckraut7179
    @groovymckraut7179 Před 4 lety +2

    Love the channel, I’ve been following it since 2016! Keep doing great work

  • @papatonyward2615
    @papatonyward2615 Před 4 lety

    Happy New Year! Thank for all your hard work...

  • @thechief00
    @thechief00 Před 4 lety +4

    wow another video only 2 days after the last one! thanks guys :)

  • @Willy_Tepes
    @Willy_Tepes Před 4 lety +2

    Fascinated by how your suspenders and the background line up.

  • @patrickwentz8413
    @patrickwentz8413 Před 4 lety +5

    Read the book 1927 by Bill Bryson. By 1927 the US had to deflate the interest rate we were loaning money to Germany so they could pay their debts. This started a run on money which did not end until the crash in 1929.

  • @Countdooku97
    @Countdooku97 Před 4 lety +36

    Germany: this is the worst peace treaty in the history of peace treaties, maybe ever

    • @TheArklyte
      @TheArklyte Před 4 lety +8

      Laughs in Yalta... no, seriously, it gets worse every time:(

    • @mimile4462
      @mimile4462 Před 4 lety +6

      Trianon was worse

    • @iminbreadbutfrench8625
      @iminbreadbutfrench8625 Před 4 lety +2

      Laughs in treaty of saint germain

    • @franzfred7511
      @franzfred7511 Před 4 lety +3

      it wasnt that bad. it was made that bad by right wing parties, for their own uprising. Do you know which peace was really bad? Than google for "the peace of brest-litowsk"....

  • @jfierrar
    @jfierrar Před 4 lety +31

    If y'all would've made this video during my Junior year in high school, I would've aced my history final. Thank you nonetheless.

  • @burnoutberry
    @burnoutberry Před 4 lety +33

    CZcams's garbage algorithms have ruined this platform. There needs to be a better alternative out there. Great video.

  • @jimcactus9265
    @jimcactus9265 Před 3 lety +1

    very interesting and concise explication of the issues, events, and consequences of the T of V. Excellent narration.

  • @mitchrichards1532
    @mitchrichards1532 Před rokem +3

    10:04 Keynes nailed it.... That and the fact that article 231 was victors justice and simply a means to hang their debt on someone else to make up for their part in starting and prolonging the war.

    • @williamthebonquerer9181
      @williamthebonquerer9181 Před rokem

      The entente didn't start the war and the central powers prolonged the war when it was clear they would lose once the Schlieffen plan failed

  • @sammyboi2951
    @sammyboi2951 Před 4 lety +18

    Keynes was a smart man and he was right about many things. Great episode as always keep it up Jesse!

    • @Talyrion
      @Talyrion Před 4 lety

      @CommandoDude One needs to look no further than Jacques Bainville to see that it's possible to foresee the events of the next decade with just as much insight (and arguably, an even more accute one) while still having a completely different take on WHY it would happen. "A treaty too harsh in its mild features, too mild in its harsh aspects" indeed.

  • @ethanviktor
    @ethanviktor Před 4 lety +1

    I've always enjoyed history, of all of the history CZcams channels this is my favourite

  • @Alexiscba1111
    @Alexiscba1111 Před 4 lety +28

    in 2010 Germany finished paying the reparations, after so many years

    • @rebecca4680
      @rebecca4680 Před 4 lety +9

      Alexis Escudero . But keep in mind there was quite a while in between when Germany didn’t pay its reparations. They weren’t non-stop paying out the nose ever since 1919.

    • @laynaTheLobster
      @laynaTheLobster Před 4 lety +3

      @@rebecca4680 That's still quite a long time.

    • @darthplagueis13
      @darthplagueis13 Před 4 lety +4

      @@rebecca4680 Probably the main reason why they are now done with it. Had they kept up payments throughout the century, who knows if they ever could've gotten their economy back on track.

    • @coryfice1881
      @coryfice1881 Před 4 lety +2

      Gee I wonder what happened between those time frames....🤔

    • @MrRemicas
      @MrRemicas Před 4 lety +8

      Would have finished earlier if they didn't cause another world war.

  • @brianwhite2104
    @brianwhite2104 Před 4 lety +38

    Reparations from CZcams!

    • @yetigriff
      @yetigriff Před 4 lety +6

      Reparations have been demonitzed

  • @ryannorris5635
    @ryannorris5635 Před 4 lety +2

    I love you guys! Thank you for what you do in spite of the stupidity youtube insists on imposing on history! You all do God's work! Thank you again!

  • @JobberBud
    @JobberBud Před 4 lety +1

    Greatest closing line yet!

  • @prasannamondal7215
    @prasannamondal7215 Před 4 lety +1

    This is nice and collective informative!

  • @Domanator179
    @Domanator179 Před 4 lety +1

    This was a good video, it gave me something to think about.

  • @Corium1
    @Corium1 Před 4 lety +1

    Can I say the year has been amazing and learning about 1919 is very interesting! Looking forward to 2020 and 1920!

  • @Jarod-vg9wq
    @Jarod-vg9wq Před 4 lety

    Congratulations for reaching over 1 million subscribers!

  • @jeffcordova9633
    @jeffcordova9633 Před 9 měsíci

    This page is awesome !!! Much love brother

  • @Uliio
    @Uliio Před 4 lety +1

    Quality video!

  • @herbwag6456
    @herbwag6456 Před 4 lety +43

    Keynes sure called that one right.

    • @MrCmon113
      @MrCmon113 Před 4 lety +3

      How so? We never observed a world with his treaty. Might have been worse.

    • @jackkruese9929
      @jackkruese9929 Před 4 lety +3

      Taxtro
      Fair point, a massive what if.... but very unlikely to have been worse

    • @josephahner3031
      @josephahner3031 Před 4 lety +2

      Of course he did. Who better to predict the results than the author of the sanctions. John Maynard Keynes wrote the section of the Versailles treaty containing the sanctions on Germany. He designed the sanctions to cripple the German economy indefinitely.

    • @CountArtha
      @CountArtha Před 4 lety +2

      Shame he was wrong about the Great Depression ....

    • @josephahner3031
      @josephahner3031 Před 4 lety

      @@CountArtha even more shame that neither he nor most economists since have learned from his mistakes.

  • @ralphbernhard1757
    @ralphbernhard1757 Před 3 lety +2

    During the 19th Century, the Ottoman Empire was famously called "the sick man of Europe".
    By the 1930s, the new "sick men" were London and Paris, desperately trying to hold on to empires, long after the days of "empires" were over.
    All the events of the 1930s could be called "a bed they made for themselves at Versailles", and in 1939 they had to sleep in it.
    In 1919 there were 2 who were not invited (Germany and the new SU), and in 1939 there were 2 (note, *two,* not one) who challenged the New World Order set up at Versailles...
    Stalin gave Hitler a "blank cheque" to invade Poland.
    Hitler gave Stalin a "blank cheque" to invade Poland, the Baltic States, Finland, and Romania.
    And there was another world war.

  • @michaelrider
    @michaelrider Před 4 lety +14

    CZcams should monetize good quality

    • @noxhuffinus3399
      @noxhuffinus3399 Před 4 lety

      michael JewTube does not want us to see the truth

  • @FUNATtiCGamer
    @FUNATtiCGamer Před rokem

    Thank you for your video's! Keep it up! 🙂👍

  • @ildikoszolnoki1997
    @ildikoszolnoki1997 Před 4 lety +1

    "The real aggressor is not he who first employs force, but he who renders the employment of force necessary".
    -- Birinyi, Trianon, p. 9, from Greacy, p. 150, quoted in W. E. Hall's "A Treatise on International Law", p. 110.

  • @trahobaskarabas8042
    @trahobaskarabas8042 Před 4 lety +9

    J.M. Keynes wrote a lot about the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles. His writing about it are recommended to everyone who is interested in the history of WWI.

  • @mikhailv67tv
    @mikhailv67tv Před 4 lety +1

    The braces episode.!
    With constant demonetisation should I watch ads or not, I often put myself through them for the sake of the content creators.

  • @leonidasvazouras1796
    @leonidasvazouras1796 Před 4 lety +38

    Couldn't you make the video 6 seconds longer?

    • @adm0iii
      @adm0iii Před 4 lety +2

      7

    • @leonidasvazouras1796
      @leonidasvazouras1796 Před 4 lety +4

      @@adm0iii I beleive you know that for some people the timer on the video is +/-1 second longer.

    • @adm0iii
      @adm0iii Před 4 lety

      There is one time to rule them all!

  • @82dorrin
    @82dorrin Před měsícem

    Studying the Treaty of Versailles, I would argue that it was pretty standard for the time. It was actually generous to Germany in some ways. It didn't split them into multiple states like Austria-Hungary, or deprive them of millions of people and massive amounts of land like Brest-Litovsk.

  • @anttibjorklund1869
    @anttibjorklund1869 Před 4 lety +1

    That economic tactic reminds me of the phrase "neither a lender nor a borrower be".

  • @allancarey2604
    @allancarey2604 Před 4 lety +4

    I read Keynes book...what floored me at the time as a uni student studying economics was the ending....”...Our Sons will pay the price of this mistake”...or to that affect, I read it some 20 years ago (I couldn’t tell you the edition though)

  • @asos2342
    @asos2342 Před 4 lety +8

    hold up 2 episodes in a week? Lets GO

    • @TheGreatWar
      @TheGreatWar  Před 4 lety +7

      Courtesy of CZcams's unintuitive scheduling tool.

  • @NeveroOn
    @NeveroOn Před 4 lety +1

    @thegreatwar
    Can you do a video about Boulanger(ism)?

  • @CommonSenz
    @CommonSenz Před 4 lety +1

    I have a feeling you won't have an episode dedicated to Treaty of Trianon.

  • @darylcampbell3244
    @darylcampbell3244 Před 4 lety

    Thanks

  • @mr.sherrill9137
    @mr.sherrill9137 Před 3 lety +1

    Jesse parachuted in for this one, didn't even bother to unstrap from his chute.

  • @thustra07
    @thustra07 Před 4 lety +28

    Attach a Lame Guilt clause to that reparations demand. Force them to acknowledge their algorithms and other shenanigans have caused CZcams to become exponentially lamer than it was five years ago.

    • @TheCimbrianBull
      @TheCimbrianBull Před 4 lety

      Also add a clause demanding Filthy Frank back! 😀

    • @markcantemail8018
      @markcantemail8018 Před 4 lety +1

      Thrusta07 my Leg is Lame right now ,it hurtz to walk too much . But I do agree bring back Filthy Frank ( whoever he was ).

  • @adamalton2436
    @adamalton2436 Před 4 lety +31

    Man, Keynes was on to something.

  • @ludwigvanel9192
    @ludwigvanel9192 Před 4 lety +2

    Ha! That intro: "Hi. I'm Jesse Alexander, welcome to the great war." Would the captain have received the new batch of cannon fodder in the trenches with similar words?

  • @justinlabrosse8506
    @justinlabrosse8506 Před 4 lety +32

    I think the treaty of Versailles was overreaching and was a guaranteed path towards another conflict as you pointed out many foresaw a future conflict. It was a perfect backbone for a new party to build on and use as a just cause for new war on every nation that pushed the treaty on them. If you put yourself in a German shoes the idea of payback for such unfair demands was a perfect rallying call for war. Hitler took advantage of that and the strong history that Germany had that the allies very much wanted to erase like frederick the great.

    • @turkishbigdaddy3334
      @turkishbigdaddy3334 Před 4 lety +4

      Honestly Keynes is one of the best economists to ever exist so his fears coming true not only proved him right for the first time in the public it also wouldn't be his last time, even after death. Even today, in my social sciences class we talk about Keynes and how his ideas helped save Europe from a deep crisis in 1967.

    • @justinlabrosse8506
      @justinlabrosse8506 Před 4 lety +2

      @@turkishbigdaddy3334 sometimes people's ideas and knowledge about how the situation really is dont go unheard even though it is heard 50 years later and finally appreciated. It's like Edison and Tesla history paints a very different picture of what really happened to Tesla because of Edison.

    • @Nyctasia
      @Nyctasia Před 4 lety +6

      The Germans were perfectly happy to inflict punative treaties on enemy nations, Frankfurt 1878, Bucharest 1917, Brest-Litovsk 1918 etc, so why should they have been exempt? A future was was pretty much inevitable anyhow, it is a long term European tradition to attempt a rematch as soon as you recovered from a lost war. The mistake was not enforcing the terms from the outset, if that had been done there would have been no German army to start another war.

    • @Nyctasia
      @Nyctasia Před 4 lety +4

      @Fabian Kirchgessner - So the settlement in 1945 was somehow less punitive than Versailles? We have had no war since have we.

    • @varana
      @varana Před 4 lety +4

      On the other hand, much of the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles for German politics were not the fault of the Allies.
      The German reaction to the defeat was based on illusions about the military situation at the end of the War that had very little to do with reality.
      Large parts of the old political and military establishment in Germany, together with dissatisfied citizens and political extremists, were all too happy to blame the defeat and the economic catastrophe on the new Republic - when in reality, it was these imperial military and political leaders who had been responsible for the War in the first place.
      And therefore, opposition to the Treaty was intentionally fueled and radicalised by esp. right-wing media hoping to abolish the new democracy, and never allowed to die down, because it was too useful in Germany's internal conflicts. As the "Golden Twenties" and Stresemann's efforts at starting a process of reconciliation show, the cause was not totally lost, and Germany may have come to terms with the Treaty at some point, and move on - like they did after the much more devastating losses after 1945. But that was very much torpedoed, with great effort, by the political right to damage the Republic.
      The role of the Treaty of Versailles in the lead-up to The Sequel was not just a result of its content but also very much a result of German domestic politics.

  • @gejak90
    @gejak90 Před 4 lety

    Every episode is accurate...wow

  • @paulcock8929
    @paulcock8929 Před 4 lety +7

    The great war who started a bigger war, and the end of Europe as a force.

  • @OptimusWombat
    @OptimusWombat Před 4 lety +6

    They should've found a way to add 7 seconds of content and make this a 19:19 long video.

  • @alfredthegreatkingofwessex6838

    Never clicked so fast.

  • @HistoryonYouTube
    @HistoryonYouTube Před 4 lety

    I think that the problem of starvation in Germany was not so much due to the blockade of foodstuffs directly but more of the use of phosphates in the explosives industry rather than as fertiliser. Of course many of those extra phosphates needed could have been made up of imports from Chile amongst other countries.
    I have parts of the Economic Consequences of the Peace and because of what happened later, one tends to assume that Keynes was correct. However I would argue that given the presentation of Versailles by the nationalist right as a 'diktat' (as was Brest Litovsk or the 1871 Versailles Treaty) had more to do with it and it was the subject of the lost territory which fuelled the right more.

  • @CircsC
    @CircsC Před rokem +1

    It definitely seems like they wanted to carve up and parcel out Germany to cover the debts, but realized they had no moral license for such obliteration. They essentially forced a choice on Germany... decades of poverty and likely dissolution, or renewed conflict.
    Hopefully future peace treaties aren't cursed with such a lack of foresight. Hopefully we listen to the future versions of Keynes and Foch.

    • @adrien3019
      @adrien3019 Před 8 měsíci

      Do you realise that Keynes and Foch were opposed ? Foch wanted a much harder treaty, to make sure that Germany would never again be a threat.

  • @shawngilliland243
    @shawngilliland243 Před 4 lety +4

    The reparations demanded from CZcams should make those demanded of Germany in the Treaty of Versailles seem mild by comparison.

  • @brianeduardo1234
    @brianeduardo1234 Před 4 lety

    excellent... sorry tto hear of CZcams's attitude to hiistpry surely one of the most important areas of study

  • @waltcs1
    @waltcs1 Před 4 lety

    Your braces (suspenders) line up exactly with the object hanging on the wall behind you :-)

  • @Sturminfantrist
    @Sturminfantrist Před 4 lety +2

    Even the French Gen. Foch stated "This is not peace. It is an armistice for 20 years"

    • @AFT_05G
      @AFT_05G Před 4 lety +1

      İn fact he wanted to split Germany into several pieces like before 1871.

  • @johnpaulpuertos8455
    @johnpaulpuertos8455 Před 2 lety +2

    What would happen if the Treaty of Versailles was not agreed and signed? How would the countries who were at war that time responded and took action?
    If you were to rewrite the Treaty, how would you consider things? Any thoughts?

    • @clover4522
      @clover4522 Před rokem

      I think the allies decreed that if the German delegates didn't sign the treaty, they threatened another war. Germany had no choice but to accept the treaty

    • @Rosa01010101
      @Rosa01010101 Před rokem +1

      They would have kept starving Germany with the blockade

  • @lunarstain7545
    @lunarstain7545 Před 4 lety

    Heads up, your video did not come up on my sub feed. I only saw this because of the bell. I just triple checked.

  • @jimhuffman9434
    @jimhuffman9434 Před rokem +1

    I would say Article 231 was far too harsh on Germany:
    *The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.*
    Because regardless whether Germany was truly responsible for the the war, there is no way any country would accept those conditions without there being long-term consequences for everyone

  • @bakedbeanz7622
    @bakedbeanz7622 Před 4 lety +3

    This man is strapped to the wall

  • @ColapsMental
    @ColapsMental Před 4 lety +1

    Please make an episode of the short lived Banat Republic

  • @glqgaming8862
    @glqgaming8862 Před 4 lety

    Does anyone know the name of the intro?

  • @paulwebbiweb
    @paulwebbiweb Před 4 lety +5

    Keynes (in this case) is pronounced "canes" not "keens".

  • @berdre2605
    @berdre2605 Před 4 lety +3

    Just wanted to not that his braces perfectly align with the background

  • @bernardobaldissera
    @bernardobaldissera Před 2 lety

    Did anyone realize how the guy's suspenders ally perfectly with the wall frame?

  • @hanzup4117
    @hanzup4117 Před 4 lety +10

    I wish I could support you on Patreon, I really do. But I'm strapped for cash at the moment, sorry.
    Please keep pumping out this great content though! It's important to preserve history.

  • @homeworld1765
    @homeworld1765 Před 4 lety +2

    I haven't watched a video in a while, what happened to Indy?

  • @dantheman627
    @dantheman627 Před 4 lety +12

    Damn, Keyns made some pretty accurate claims.

  • @davidvincent2758
    @davidvincent2758 Před 2 lety +1

    After all the Great War didn’t give any nation a sustaining success, none of the empires survived. At last only France was able to hold on to Alsace and Lorraine. But all successors of 1918 lost their colonial empires during the next 60 years and the UK even lost Ireland. To my opinion even the USA and Russia didn’t become relatively powerful by succeeding in WW II. The Treaty of Versailles was just an Illusion and it’s not the question if it was too harsh, but if it reached the aims of the Successors. I fear it didn’t.

    • @howardbaxter2514
      @howardbaxter2514 Před 2 lety

      The Treaty, like the war, was a complete mess. It helped no one and only did harm to a plethora of countries and empires.
      The Great War is a fitting name for WWI, as it was the greatest mistake in modern history.

  • @JagerLange
    @JagerLange Před 4 lety +16

    Damnit, I was about to go to bed. Oh well...

  • @kingerikthegreatest.ofall.7860

    I've always wondered why Germany was blamed for the war. Was it because she was a close ally of Austria Hungary?

    • @GlidusFlowers
      @GlidusFlowers Před 4 lety +14

      Erik Stenberg
      IIRC, the Germans gave the Austrians a “whatever you do, we’ll help”, which made the Austrians bolder in their demands against Serbia.
      Also probably helped that the Germans had more chance (although barely any chance) to actually be able to pay the reparations, might just have been simple state propaganda for financial gain.

    • @demonprinces17
      @demonprinces17 Před 4 lety +10

      England France and Germany were the bullies in the yard looking for a reason to fight. If wasn't Austria/ Serbia it would have been something else.

    • @spkennedy951
      @spkennedy951 Před 4 lety +5

      Simple. As the video said, it was a legal mechanism to justify the reparations. Austria started the war, but it was Germany who declared on Russia, France, and Belgium (which is why Britain joined). All Central Powers peace treaties had the same clause

    • @Nickname-hier-einfuegen
      @Nickname-hier-einfuegen Před 4 lety

      They were blamed for the war because they lost. The allies needed/wanted the money and they had to install a legal basis for their claims. But yes, the justification for that claim is the blanko check for Austria-Hungary.

    • @renedl22
      @renedl22 Před 4 lety

      Central banks wanted to punish Germany

  • @codyshi4743
    @codyshi4743 Před 4 lety

    Do a video on the list of countries who did participate in WW1, but didn’t sign the Treaty of Versailles.

    • @amirmokrane366
      @amirmokrane366 Před 3 lety

      I think the Treaty of Versailles was dedicated to Germany only

  • @dantheman627
    @dantheman627 Před 4 lety +9

    Wait when is the ottoman treaty coming!

    • @jessealexander2695
      @jessealexander2695 Před 4 lety +9

      Sevres, August 1920.

    • @juanzulu1318
      @juanzulu1318 Před 4 lety +3

      @@jessealexander2695 well, i guess he means the comparison in face of what Turkey needed to endure, financially and in regards to territory.

  • @topper007style
    @topper007style Před 4 lety +4

    Keynes is pronounced "KAYnes". Every economics student just heard nails on the chalkboard.

  • @rworded
    @rworded Před rokem

    Allied musical chairs before the war followed by economic ones, post. Nice.

  • @Game_Hero
    @Game_Hero Před 4 lety

    Will post-war South America and China/Japan be covered?

  • @FUNATtiCGamer
    @FUNATtiCGamer Před rokem +1

    Otherwise a peace agreement would have been necessary, to which everyone agrees, and not a peace dictate, which is unilaterally determined only by the victorious powers, unjustly!!!

  • @Leo-ok3uj
    @Leo-ok3uj Před rokem

    16:20 Isn’t that what he said? That people wanted vengeance and they were letting that control them?

  • @theoutlook55
    @theoutlook55 Před 4 lety

    Question about 4:50, how could the American relief Administration working in Russia in 1920 if it was under the Bolsheviks at the time? I just find it unlikely that Lenin would have allowed foreign Interlopers of any kind, even a humanitarian one, as it sounds slightly counter-revolutionary. Did the organization only operate in the areas under the firm control of the white Russians then?

  • @dl4350
    @dl4350 Před 4 lety

    yes

  • @neildahlgaard-sigsworth3819

    Why have described Keynes as an economist in the description and then said he was a mathematician in the script? Yes, Keynes started out as a mathematician but his most famous work is in economics, i.e. Keynesian economics.

    • @brianwhite2104
      @brianwhite2104 Před 4 lety

      Maybe because he hadn't yet developed his economic theories