How the Mamluks Defended Against the Mongols - Medieval DOCUMENTARY
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- čas přidán 25. 11. 2022
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The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History continues with a video explaining how the Mamluks defended against the Mongols. In our previous episode we discussed the European defence against the Mongol invasions ( • How the Europeans foug... )
Our podcast on Mongol history - kingsandgenerals.libsyn.com/2...
How the Mongol Empire Fell - • How the Mongol Empire ...
Lost History of Genghis Khan - • The Lost History of Ge...
Mongol Ideology - Why Chinggis Wanted to Conquer the World - • Mongol Ideology - Why ...
How the Mongols Became Muslim - • Why and How the Mongol...
Why the Mongols Tolerated Other Religions - • Why the Mongols Tolera...
Rabban Bar Sauma: Adventures of Mongol Marco Polo - • Rabban Bar Sauma: Adve...
Mongol Army - Tactics, Logistics, Siegecraft, Recruitment - • Mongol Army - Tactics,...
Is Genghis Khan Ancestor of the Millions? - • Is Genghis Khan Ancest...
What is the Truth about Tartaria: • What is the Truth abou...
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The video was made by Galang Pinandita, while the script was developed by Jack Wilson - The Jackmeister. Check out his channel dedicated to the history of the Mongols: / @thejackmeistermongolh... . This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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#Documentary #Mongols #Mamluks - Krátké a kreslené filmy
>gets kidnapped as child by rival tribe
> sold into slavery
> goes through grueling training to become a loyal elite warrior
>topples their new lord
>takes over kingdom
>successfully defends against the biggest empire of all time
>kicks out the last crusaders
>refuses to elaborate further
>dies
😂😂
Refuses to elaborate part is the best one.
Didn't know Mamluks were that chads
Baybers
He fits the description perfectly
@@aze94
Baibers prepared the groundwork for kicking the crusaders out
Unlike Saladin
He was very ruthless but efficient
No mercy or quarters especially for military orders
Even giving letters to defeated crusader leaders full of mockery and contempt of their defeats
Man of the job
As someone who has had to deal with several Mongol invasions over the past few years, this series has been hugely helpful to me and my family.
I thought today mongol is conquered by china. which khan invade ur family?
Can't tell if you're being clever or racist...
@@John-ir4id As a mongol horse, I can confirm that it's definitely racism.
@@John-ir4id Don't worry, I'm just making a dumb joke about this series being about "how to defend against Mongol invasions." I've got no time for bigots of any kind. Being afraid of or angry at people who are different is stupid.
Aren't the ogre kingdoms basically mongols?
I wished CZcamsrs stopped shilling for established titles, it's a literal scam.
Sadly it won't. Cause they won't get the succulent ad mons
Most didn't know it was a scam till recently, a very successful scam at that. I only hope that company gets ground to dust
@@SxTxferlife it’s a scam dam I didn’t know bro they’re getting good at these scams now a days
Why is it a scam?
@@thedude9461 I think it was that you don't get free land cause a. It is illegal and b some sort of legal reasons
The Mamluks are fairly underrated.
probably due to Ottoman conquest in 1516-17
@@sagagis yep
@UCnWkd5Hav-3WXFKAwkF1s8Q baybars ended them at the siege of krak de chevalier castle
Underated by who ....??
@@IStevenSeagal well thats because apart from the battle of ain jalout , wherevhe was a commander under the orders of QUTUZ ( WHOm he killed ), he focused his attention after the battle on the arménians and the crusaders who sided with the mongols , it was his successors who had to deal with a vengeful hulagu .....
Only can imagine how intense , quick and skilled the battle between two armies must had been , when they both were focused on cavalery combat range and melee since childhood . The level of expertise in any aspect of this conflict must had been unique .
It was like one of the rare instance of manuver warfare, sort of like how Blitzkrieg waged in WW2. Infantry being barely if almost irrelevant because the battlefield is much closer to area of operation spanning miles.
Isn't it technicaly "cammelry" ?
Welll not;really , mongols used primarly Light horse archers , while the mameluk were mostly formed from kipchak tribesmen and khwarezmian turks who had fled , or were enslaved , in the first mongols onslaught ..... the kiptchak for instance, although they were nomadic people from the caucus, their fighting style was closer to heavy cavalry ( lance and protected horse and horseman ),
In Ain jalut it was the vanguard of heavy cavalry Led by baibars who clashed the mongol vanguard ( armenian and georgian vassals ) and drew the rest of the mongols in a feigned retreat ......
@@SousouCell mongol used primarily light horse archers only during the beginning of their conquests, But as they steadily acquired more loot and wealth, they become mostly Heavy horse archers, the Bow still remained their main weapon and the same goes for Mameluke heavy cavalry which also used bows in conjunction with their lances, shields and swords / Both armies mostly consisted of heavy cav that could also shoot arrows
Because central asia people kept fighting each other all the written history, I dont think it was uniqe. Scale of the armies were not uniqe either.
Fun fact : Both Baibars and Qutuz had a common Turkic background, originating from lands that had been previously ravaged by Mongols, which were Cumania and Khwarezmia respectively. A shared fate and revenge
Arab bro and and Turk
@@Mysteriousman355 Arab ? Baybars originated from the Kipchak Turkic Berish tribe whereas Qutuz was a royal descented Oghuz Turk who had belonged to the Anushtegin Dynasty of the Begdili tribe (ruling house of the Khwarezmian empire)
@@Mysteriousman355 Arabs were nobody in the time of Crusades and Mongol Empire😂
@9/11 was done by bush
Mamlūk authors almost always refer to their Sultanate as " the state of the Turks " ( dawlat al - atrāk dawlat al - turk/ al - dawla al - turkiyya ) . They usually seem to be aware of the fact that the reign of the “ Turks "
Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam,Volume 39
Magnes Press, The Hebrew University., 2012
@@Mysteriousman355 they had turkic origins but i don't understand why are you arguing about that
at their time race didn't matter
Baybars was clearly a military genius.
It would be an understatement if you knew what a life he lived.
First of all, “Barbarians”.. Second of all, they were way more intelligent than anyone else at that time, apparently.
Third, “Barbarians” is a European monarchy that came up with the term to look down on people who are different than them. Yet, they were getting executed left & right by Mongols 😂
@@kalt4689 Baybars is the name of the military commander, he's not talking about the Amazigh people.
@@kalt4689 Big oof my guy.
@K Alt that is not at all where the term barbarian comes from
As someone who has studied Mamluk history of a decade, this video is.....perfect. You included virtually every important aspect of the Mamluk-Ilkhanate war. A few interesting details:
When the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir II was on his ill-fated campaign, he ended up meeting another "Caliph", Al-Hakim I, and they ended up joining forces. Al-Hakim ended up taking refuge in Egypt, becoming Baybar's puppet Caliph.
In terms of the use of spies, Baybars had once gotten Abaqa to execute one of his loyal commanders by fooling him into thinking he was a traitor.
In the 1500s, Ismail I had executed the leader of the Crimean Tatars, and sent it to Sultan Ghawri. The move deeply offended the Mamluks, as they had considered them to be the successors of the Golden Horde, who was remembered as deep allies 200 years ago.
The Mamluks of the year 1500 were mostly Circassians (Cherkess)
Baybar's letter to Berke: Bro, Allah hu Akbar
Berke to Baybar: hmmmmm
.
But truth to be told,it is so beautiful that slaves were so well treated by Muslims that the Slaves rose to Level of Elites.. And were even seen humanely enough by other Lords and Elites to support these Slaves in overthrowing the Ruling Kings and Lords...
.
In Feudal Europe, a Slave was never allowed to educate himself.. Let alone sit with Lords and gain their support and respect..
@@fab-freshaquaponicbiospher6335 plain disrespectful.
@@fab-freshaquaponicbiospher6335 they had more than one type of slave in the Muslim world
Both armies had mainly good mounted archers and good light and heavy cavalry. The Mamluk Sultanate was ruled by Turkic Kipchaks and Caucasian Circassians. The army was made mainly of these two groups.
The Mamluk Sultanate is the successor of the Ayyubid Sultanate, which is also of Turkic origin. In those years, Turkic Kipchak youth and Caucasian Circassian youth were enslaved in Central Asia and Eurasia during Mongol attacks and sold as slave soldiers to some countries in the Middle East. The Turkic Ayyubid Dynasty used these Turkic Kipchak and Caucasian Circassian youth in their armies after training them in a good military school. The Ayyubid army consisted mainly of these two groups. In the beginning, Turkic groups were much more. However, these soldiers had taken over the sultanate after a coup d'etat and established the Mamluk Sultanate. The word Mamluk means 'Slave' in Arabic.
The language of agreement in the Mamluk Sultanate was Western Turkish, a mixture of Kipchak and Oghuz. In the past, only Arabic and Persian education was given in Madrasahs and Turkish was not a language taught in Madrasahs. For this reason, if someone in the Middle East speaks Turkish or writes in Turkish at that time, that person is Turkish. This is a litmus paper for understanding that period. "Kitâbu Bulgatü'l-Müştâk Fî Lügati't-Türk Ve'l-Kıfçak" , "Kitâbü'l-Ef'al" and "Kitâb-ı
Mecmû-ı Tercümân-ı Türkî and Acemî ve Mugalî” are some examples written in Mamluk Kipchak language.
The assassination of Qutuz after his smashing victory of Ain Julut really is shocking. He never got the chance to use it as a springboard for later actions and gaining more prestige since he was killed not long after the battle.
The power struggle and mistrust while in power, the "game" never ends.
I think mongols woulda rule the if there was no Qutuz
I think it's a culture from Turks... ottoman sultan also eliminate their own family up till suleman ..it's harsh but it's effective way to prevent power struggle in future
@@AntonNb just look at the Mughal war of sucessions
Allah gave him victory then shortly after let him rest, and God willing he has earned his place in Paradise.
Arguable the most important Battle in Islamic history after the early Muslim battles.
I think the most strategically important reason that made the mamluks win was that they watched a kings and generals video before battle.
😂😂
😁💪😁
Imagine going back in time and uniting the locals of a region like the mamluks to just flex on the Mongols in a way they're not expecting 👀
@@thalmoragent9344 we have that in Hollywood.
The mamluks are perhaps the most interesting historical fighting force to me. Their armor being stunningly beautiful and their huge variance throughout their time in social status, from slaves to kings, is so damn engaging to learn about.
yeah. they are underrated at least in modern world. they should have make movies of them. i know i'd watch it
و مِن أعْجبِ العَجَب ..
تَهديدُ الليوثِ بالرُّتوث ..
و السباعِ بالضِباع ..
و الكُماتِ بالكِراع ..
لا يصدَعُ قلوبَنا شديد ..
و جَمعُنا لا يُرَاعُ بتهديد ..
بقوةِ العزيزِ الحميد ..
- سيف الدين قطز
Bybars has married Berke's daughter as a sign of their alliance, so it is unlikely that Berke viewed the Mamluks as lower in rank or believed that they were his subjects
That's exactly what the Mongols would do. Such marriage ties were common means the Mongols used to try and ensure submission of their vassals; Berke also tried to arrange marriage ties with the Hungarians for this purpose.
@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory guess we conceive things differently nowadays then.
I'm a fan of your channel btw
Thank you K&G for this video about an under explored area of our history.
as a man who was born and raised In the small town of Krak des chevaliers, I felt kinda proud when it got mentioned since this is the first time I have seen it in a historical video
he was truly great strategic and tactic warrior-king named baibar the egyptian-mamluk with northern-steppe-origins to come so far from a slave-child to a king to defeat the mongols is just a impressive deed.
Qutuz knew letting Baibars back to Egypt would not only put risk to his power of possession, but also his life and he still choose to defend the umah no matter what. What a guy 🤌🏾
Baybars more than anyone else in history probably had the best strategy in fighting the Mongol threat. One that the Europeans sadly didn't take to heart.
The Hungarians did
@@Abdullah_the_Palestinian---Explain. Please.
@@brokenbridge6316 they built a network of fortresses with catapults that where near each other. Each time the Mongols would besiege one fortress a relief force from another would Sally out in sorties.
@@Abdullah_the_Palestinian---If you insist
Superb!
As always K&G never disappoints!
Awesome work as always 👍 always nice to see more videos and history
That was quite the Go match played by Baybars against the Ilkhanate. He managed to reinforce his positions while surrounding the Ilkhan with the Golden Horde.
Clicked the video within 10s after the upload . No second thoughts for k&g. Always the best👌
My Saturday morning routine is to make coffee and watch your channel. Love your videos. Keep up the fantastic work!
Freakin’ love you guys. Thanks as always 🙏🏾
Has there been a video on the Chinese defenses against Mongols? The 60 year campaign against the Mongols in Sichuan is very interesting and deserved remembering- it costed Mongke Khan his life against Chinese cannons. If there already is a video on it please help guide me to it :)
There's a CZcams channel called "strategy stuff" you might like. He has a video on the mongol conquest of china, with the strategic considerations of both sides. And another video on the older steppe peoples with a VERY indepth analysis on Chinese strategy against them.
Neither really deal with mongke. But figured I'd mention it regardless.
@@IreliAmBad Alright I'll check that out, thanks!
🙌🙌🙌
Lol his name was monkey Khan 🐒 lol 😂.
i find it astonishing that the mongols throughout the entirety of its empire's life has almost fought everyone known in the civilized world. they fought from japan to india, from china to russia, and from egypt to vietnam. amazing.
They went as far as Malay & Indonesia but they got defeated or maybe the correct word is they were deceived and back stabbed. Local ruler use Mongol troops to kick out Mongol troops. That may sound crazy but that is what happent
Beibairs was kypshak origin, Ketbuga was naiman origin. Both are highly praised among Kazakhs, because Beibars sultan was born in their stepps and Kypshaks are backbone of Kazakhs. Kazakhs also have a great folk melody called Aqsaq Qulan (crippled foal), about how the death of Jochi happened. When Genghis Khan heard that melody played by Ketbuga, he understood that his son was dead. The thing is, Genghis Khan told that any messenger who would tell him about death of his sons, would be killed immediately, and everyone was silent about the death of Juchi, but Ketbuga risked and played that melody without words, by the end Genghis was full of tears.
Turkic vs Mongolized Turkic😅
Naiman was a Siberian Turkic language before Mongolization and Kipchakization
@@Nomadicenjoyer31 Doesn't matter, mongols and turks derive from one roots the main difference is linguistics
Dude stop your kazaksness. Kazak did not exist as a nation. Baibars was cuman, he was described like white man with blondish hair with blue eyes. Kazakh dont have any blondes. Kazakhs were not even muslim when they were raiding islamic world with mongols. Baibars would be closer to tatars, bashkirs, kumyks.
@@user-wp7kg6qw1g Why do you made so aggressive comment? I just mentioned few things that I know. You need to be more constructive in your criticism. Kazakhs did exist at that point there some genetic evidences, developed in recent years. Thats why I highlighted that Kyphcaks are backbone of Kazakhs. Look at kazakhs, they look abosulutely different from one another. There ginger dudes with blue eyes, at the same time you can find pure mongolic features or even arabic, iranian features. So your point on kypchaks were white not really clear. Kyivan Rus principalities docs describes kypchaks as unity of different looking people. It might be also true that Kypchaks also backbone of Bashkirs and Tatars, but they were different tribes. Kumyks were predominantly different tribes, they coexisted with Kypchaks, perhaps they lived in north Caucasus region long before Mongols arrived. Ketbuga is a legend of naimans, majority of whom became a part of Kazakhs, and then Kyrgyz and Uzbek people. But only among Kazakh naimans Ketbuga remains for such a long time. Do your homework before being offensive for no reason.d
@@goldeneaglepower9845 just dont get it. You guys feel pride about Gengiz khan that he was or he may have been kazakh who killed million of muslims yet again feel pride about a muslim who won against them.
Bro stop bullshit. The current kazakhs are 80-90% mongoloid. You guys dont have iranian or european appearance unless person mixed up with russians, germans, caucasian, uzbeks, uygurs.
i refreshed my memory of the mamluks from ur video. thanks! i cud recollect much of it and yes ur references as always are correct
Man I can't explain how much I love these videos
I love how J.M. Smith titled his article on this: "Nomads on Ponies vs. Slaves on Horses"
You mean slaves on stallions?
Ask J.M. Smith who wrote the hilarious title. But yeah it rhymes better. Either way, Mamluks sourced their horses from Al-Barqa (Cyrenaica), and fine steeds they are
A K&G video almost every day this week! Could it get any better?
Hey K&G! People have already been complaining about this but I assume you have some kind of contract with Established Titles that you can't get out of. I hope you drop this as soon as you can! You guys have had tons of sponsors so I bet you can find someone to replace ET pretty easily.
Also, just so you know, the Japanese knives box thing that I've seen going around is owned by the same people that own ET. I think this is less of a scam since you still actually get real knives but I might cut ties with them simply to not encourage anybody with shady products.
I was about to bring this up, ET is getting a pretty bad rep for scamming.
@@MintyLime703 i don't think it's a difference in contracts, i think these videos are just made a month or more in advance to begin with and the ads are already paid for. They're not gonna go back through them all to edit out the ads and send the money back.
The knives are a scam as well, they're just generic knives made in China, not Japan as advertised, bought for a few dollars each and then resold at a huge profit. There's been videos about the knife scam around for a while now but people just care about their own pocket, they don't care if their viewers are getting scammed.
@@xKinjax They would if they were honest.
On the other hand, as has been recently pointed out, though the beginning of Bahri rule is usually dated to 1250, none of the first five sultans were, in fact, members of the Bahriyya. 32 The Arabic sources for the period refer to the dynasty as the dawlat al-atrak, dawlat al-turk, or al- dawla al-turkiyya (i.e. dynasty of the Turks), in recognition of the racial or ethnic group which predominated in the mamluk caste during this period, and to distinguish it from the Burji sultanate in which mamluks
Northrup, L. (1998). The Bahrī Mamlūk sultanate, 1250-1390. In C. Petry (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Egypt (The Cambridge History of Egypt, pp. 242-289). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
How is it that there is always someone who arrives on these videos to immediately copy/paste sections like these? Do you just have them on hand in a document whenever a relevant videois posted? Do you find them from older videos?
@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Some people do advanced research on google books/Jstor/google scholar and share those sources via discord/telegram/instagram etc.
@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Turkish source paste team you can find them nearly at all videos about turks and there is a guy named van dare who tries to deturcify ottomans he is at every single ottoman video lol
@@tatarcavalry2342 Van Dare/Vangelis Skia is extremely jealous/angry about the entire Turkic vs Hellenic topics
@@Nomadicenjoyer31 I am glad at least, there are people other than myself who have read the Cambridge history series
The music/ background sounds, excellent!
Holy Moly!! I’m enthralled at the strategy and narrative AND THEN! That Homicidal Satanic Eskimo shows up at 11:55 and I was so scared I couldn’t focus on anything else. What were you folks in the art department thinking of anyways?
Tldr: Established Titles is not legit check out Scott Shaffer's video about it.
Is it true if you buy land in Scotland Are you a lord?
"First and foremost, you are not the owner of any land in Scotland despite what this company might have led you to believe," Andy Wightman, a former Green Member of the Scottish Parliament, wrote in an open letter to nominees. “You have also not been given any right to style yourself Lord or Lady of Glencoe
Fantastic video keep it up your doing amazing job
Could you do an Established vs Titles video next? 🤗
It's so interesting to note that race was so fluid in islamic world. The faith United and races didn't matter much, whether they were Arabs, moors, Turks, Qipchak, or mongol, or a sudani. U can climb the ladder if u r talented and ur racial background won't hold u back. A mongol sultan among Mamluks was a crazy thing. Can't imagine such a turn of events in western world where racism is so deep rooted. Remember an episode in K&G about a muslim African governor in India.
Qipchak is a branch of Turk Turk is the general term for Oghuzs Qipchaks etc.
@@user-cg2tw8pw7j كيف يا اخي؟
@@user-cg2tw8pw7j ما فهمت
@الأزدي ummayad is still the most racist that muslim leader ever have. yes, they do not differentiate their subject like europe colonization, but the governor was always arabic, whether in eastest central asia or westest berber north africa. and because of this racism, abbasid can exploit the enemy especially persian to rebel against ummayad and make abbasid the new caliph
in a way they were more progressive than European colonists.
I Hope you could’ve talked more bout Qutuz, because he’s the man who defeated them. Of course Baibers was a huge boost, but Qutuz‘s words and the famous speach he made was what make the people face the mongols fearlessly.
as far as i know battle tactic in ain jalut came from baibars
History is so mighty.
Another fascinating video !
The Mamlūks in Egypt and Syria: the Turkish Mamlūk sultanate (648-784/ 1250-1382) and the Circassian Mamlūk sultanate (784-923/1382-1517) amalia levanoni The Turkish era of the Mamlūk sultanate The Mamlūks’ rise to power: a decade of trial and error The Arabic term mamlūk literally means ‘owned’ or ‘slave’, and was used for the white Turkish slaves of pagan origins, purchased from Central Asia and the Eurasian steppes by Muslim rulers to serve as soldiers in their armies.
Levanoni, A. (2010). The Mamlūks in Egypt and Syria: The Turkish Mamlūk sultanate (648-784/1250-1382) and the Circassian Mamlūk sultanate (784-923/1382-1517). In M. Fierro (Ed.), The New Cambridge History of Islam (The New Cambridge History of Islam, pp. 237-284). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jalal Al-Din Mangburni defeated the Mongols 11 times. Jalal Al-Din>Alauddin Khilji+Baibars
White Turkish slaves ??? , Arabs always mentioned the Turkic tribes as brown looking people .
Berke: hmm... It's good to be a muslim and a mongol
Hulagu: hmm... It's good to burn Baghdad to ash
Berke: YOU WHAT?!
best ad copy ever , big ups yourself
Great Work!
Hats off to Kings and Generals! With love, from Bulgaria
Baybars was a genius level general and statesman, he is totally underrated and belongs up there with Saladin
Baybars was such a great sultan
@@daniel_bart turks were slaves of everyone at that time
Excellent video 📹
A COMPREHENSIVE VIDEO FOR A SATURDAY AFTERNOON.
Thanks for a good video
As someone playing the medieval 2 total war campaign, this video has been very helpful.
Which faction did you choose?
@@claudiapalermo9793 turks 🗿
Consider dropping the sponsor Established Titles, some recent controversy coming to light from them.
Nice work
Established Titles has a strong probability of being a scam, please be aware of it, investigate it on your own, and be vigilant for the next one.
Honestly can't blame them for taking the sponsorship, it sounds amazing and mutually beneficial; but for the sake of the viewers, please be vigilant and careful of such a offer.
Edited to sound less of a lecture.
this
I think they're just fulfilling their contracted obligation. There's no pinned comment for it this time, and oh boy did they get an earfull about Established Titles in their Why was Italy Disunited video.
How can we describe Sultan Baibars? IMAGINE SHOOTING A MAN WITH YOUR LAST BULLET AND HE STANDS THERE UNPHASED!!!!
Nice history of conquests and building of allies.
I was wondering if you guys will redo the Ottoman conquest of Egypt with better graphics
Yep
@@KingsandGenerals If you guys want to do the 1st Ottoman Mamluk war, I suggest Struggle for Domination in the Middle East: The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1485-91. There he goes into detail about the battle of Aga cayiri.
@@KingsandGenerals i think you're missing mongol invasion on SEA region especially on Singasari kingdom before the rise of Majapahit empire.
Then, on 3 September 1260, the Mongol forces met the army of the Egyptian Mamluks at the Spring of Goliath ('Ayn Jaliit) north of Jerusalem. The Mongol army contained a large admixture of Turks. The ethnic composition of the Mamluk army was very similar, in that it was mostly recruited from Turkish and Caucasian slaves, who had been purchased, trained and emancipated, whence the name: mamluk, 'possessed'.
Spuler, B. (1977). The disintegration of the caliphate in the east. In P. Holt, A. Lambton, & B. Lewis (Eds.), The Cambridge History of Islam (The Cambridge History of Islam, pp. 141-174). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jalal Al-Din Mangburni defeated the Mongols 11 times. Jalal Al-Din>Alauddin Khilji+Baibars
m̲o̲n̲g̲o̲l̲s̲ ̲h̲a̲d̲ ̲p̲l̲e̲n̲t̲y̲ ̲o̲f̲ ̲c̲h̲r̲i̲s̲t̲i̲a̲n̲s̲ ̲a̲c̲t̲u̲a̲l̲l̲y̲
m̟o̟n̟g̟o̟l̟s̟ ̟h̟a̟d̟ ̟p̟l̟e̟n̟t̟y̟ ̟o̟f̟ ̟c̟h̟r̟i̟s̟t̟i̟a̟n̟s̟ ̟a̟c̟t̟u̟a̟l̟l̟y̟
Pre-gunpowder era, the only way to reliably defeat the Mongols on the field was to swiftly engage them with heavy cavalry and force a melee fight. Kinda like how Otto I won against the Magyars in the Battle of Lechfeld.
No, you need to surprise and ambush them while quickly closing the distance or trapping them, Or else they'll destroy your heavy cavalry with arrow volleys while keeping their distance / You cannot beat them with just heavy cav in a conventional sense unless you have horse archer heavy cav of your own which the mamelukes had
@@aburoach9268 Arrows don't penetrate heavy armor.
@@aburoach9268 well ambushes would work against pretty much any army
@@liamjm9278 they do penetrate heavy armor depending on the poundage, arrow weight and distance of shot, the limbs are never that well protected as the chest and helmet + plate wasn't common during that period and even if it was, only the breast plate, vizor and helmet would be arrow proof
Horses often are not armored and even with armor the legs still remain vulnerable
@@batsman27 that's exactly why one is supposed to use them against the mongols
K&G continues to provide us valuable knowledge in an entertaining form, without costing us anything.
Why not support them?
@@MasterMalrubius I will definitely do that.
There were 4 nations which have managed to defeat the 1200's Mongols in war ; Javanese (Majapahit), Turks (Khalji & Bahri Mamluks), Japanese, Vietnamese (Dai Viet). Mongols of the first half of the 13th century however were unstoppable
@@yousafdaudzai3078 Afghanized Turkic people of Khalaj origin, there are like 6-7 Afghan tribes who have Turkic origins
Mongols conquered Sumatra Island. Viets are Mongols multi invade after they suggested to be Mongols alliance. They conquered Fukuoka island. But they know samurais will defend them midnight. Then they slept on the boats while hurricane. Turks are Turcix. Not today's Turkeys. Why Afghanistan's capitol is named Kabul who is establisher of Mongols! To be stupid must need document! LoL 😂
@@submeoff3297 simply no
You do know that the 13th century and the 1200s are the same thing right
Japanese not defeteating mongol, it was typhoon
I’m assuming they focused on defending against an early archer rush. Then used there market bonus to get up to castle fast. Then attempted to stop the mongols from getting too many castles up and getting to a death ball of mangudai. As they have a bonus against siege rams don’t work well so again using there bonuses to get up to imp and start Trebbing down the castles.
Bahriya Mamluks actually means in arabic ( Naval Mamluks ) because their fort in cairo was on the shores of an area called Aljazeera which also means the Island
Thanks Tô Vídeo!
Nice documentary 👌 👍 👏
The specifics here are hard to incorporate into late game strats, just gonna stick to making more Mameluks(sp) to counter the Mangudai.
Mongol stans in AoE2: *screaming internally as their Town center gets rekt by Saracen scorpions and Teuton trebuchets, while the Franks sit pretty in their farms, farming resources with the Spanish*
@@tedhubertcrusio372 If it's AoE 2 they'd all just be raging at the Franks player the whole game for being OP. Spanish and Saracens both cry at being underpowered after they die early, Teutons loses despite his deathball because he's a noob who doesn't know how to protect his siege onagers, Mongols got knocked out slightly earlier because he failed to make full use of his insane dark age and sputtered out in castle age.
Aoe2 unfortunately is so vague as a history game. Mamluks are sword throwing Arabic speaking camelry.
Hey! I really love the free quality content.And been enjoying these new videos.This channel has so much video about turkish empires
But there is not a video about origins of the Turks. Would love to see a video about that!
Great video.
The barid is still used in the arab world to this day. the word nowadays referring to "mail" in general and also Bardi Ilictroni "Email".
Waffidiya in Arabic also means the comers or newcomers. which is a fitting term for Mongol refugees in Egypt.
Ketbuga was also had Turkic background just like Baibars
Yes he was a Naiman Turk. Naimans were Nestorian Christians. He was Hulagus favourite general.
The Khalji Mamluks of the Delhi Sultanate also had a series of great defensive victories against the Mongols with Alauddin Khalji doing most of the work, Medieval Mamluks were a Mongol's nemesis :)
@Los Blancos Bruh... Mamluk is not an ethnicity all the five ruling Dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate were technically Mamluks
@9/11 was done by bush afghanized Turkic people KHALAJ PEOPLE
@@nenenindonu Khiljis only defeated jagatai khanate weakest of mongol khanate and they were more turkic than Mongols
@@hassanabdulsalam1000 They had still huge army (500k)
@@Nomadicenjoyer31 they say alaudin khilji had more than 1000 elephant in one battle
Well done
Mamlukes were a mixture of turkic and circassian people, the first state, Albahreyya, was turkic ruled mostly, with circassian presence especially under the rule of Qalawun, the second state, alburjeyya, was circassian dominated, but had also turkic rulers within it, most sultans or emirs names were turkic originated, even for those who were not turkic,the name baybas and title Aldhaher, was also given to one who lived few years before him under the rule of Najm eldin Ayyoub the king of egypt,who baybars himself served under later. There was baybars aljashenkir, a circassian, who was also sultan during the Albahreyya turkic dominated era. The names they carried were given names to them by their masters, and not necessarily were the names they were born with.. there was also a burjy circassian sultan called bars-bay, same meaning of baybars, but flipped.. Tuman Bay, Qaitbay, and others, all the names they carried were given by the masters that bought and raised them, take Baybars as an example: Aldhaher Rukn Aldeen Baybars Albandaqdary AlSalehy Alnajmy,
Aldhaher, a title he gave himself when became a sultan and means the one who over shadows or overcome others, RuknAldeen, an arabic given name to him by his master, Baybars, a turkic given name to him, Albandaqdary, in reference to his master, prince Alaa aldeen idekin Albandaqdary, AlSalehy, reference to him belonging to the late sultan of Egypt. King Alsaleh Najm Aldeen Ayyoub,, Alnajmy Reference to his later Emir Saif Aldeen Aqtay (Uktay) Alala'y Alnajmy.
Established Titles is a scam. Don't touch it even with a stick.
I wish you guys understood Arabic to fully understand the weight of Sultan Qutuz's reply to Hulegu's written threat..stronger diss than Pac's hit em up lol
Would love to see a video on the Lake Batalon offensive (Operation Frulingserwachen) in March 1945. Last German offensive of WW2
Lord Mark Felton and Lord Kings & Generals, please make a video about the legitimacy of Establish Titles
Mongol was basically the Nazi/Japan imperial army of medieval while Mamluk was US and allies.
True
I keep trying to get my head around how much smaller the mongol horses were. It looks like about 5.5 inches average to me but I’d love to hear what you guys know or can find out cuz I was having lot of trouble finding Mamluk info for some reason.
Steppe Mongols horse were small, often described as 11-12 hands.
Turkoman horses howevermust have gained decent traits from Arabian horses and Caspian horses.They're as big as 14 hands.
Mams had an accsess to Arabian horses, which are far superior to any breed, faster , stronger , smarter and more resilient
Both armies had mainly good mounted archers and good light and heavy cavalry. The Mamluk Sultanate was ruled by Turkic Kipchaks and Caucasian Circassians. The army was made mainly of these two groups.
The Mamluk Sultanate is the successor of the Ayyubid Sultanate, which is also of Turkic origin. In those years, Turkic Kipchak youth and Caucasian Circassian youth were enslaved in Central Asia and Eurasia during Mongol attacks and sold as slave soldiers to some countries in the Middle East. The Turkic Ayyubid Dynasty used these Turkic Kipchak and Caucasian Circassian youth in their armies after training them in a good military school. The Ayyubid army consisted mainly of these two groups. In the beginning, Turkic groups were much more. However, these soldiers had taken over the sultanate after a coup d'etat and established the Mamluk Sultanate. The word Mamluk means 'Slave' in Arabic.
The language of agreement in the Mamluk Sultanate was Western Turkish, a mixture of Kipchak and Oghuz. In the past, only Arabic and Persian education was given in Madrasahs and Turkish was not a language taught in Madrasahs. For this reason, if someone in the Middle East speaks Turkish or writes in Turkish at that time, that person is Turkish. This is a litmus paper for understanding that period. "Kitâbu Bulgatü'l-Müştâk Fî Lügati't-Türk Ve'l-Kıfçak" , "Kitâbü'l-Ef'al" and "Kitâb-ı
Mecmû-ı Tercümân-ı Türkî and Acemî ve Mugalî” are some examples written in Mamluk Kipchak language.
The peak number of Mamluks in Egypt is around 8000 by the time of Qalawun's rule and not all of them were even soldiers some of them were personal servants and workers. The core of the army at that time were comprised of "Halaqa" soldiers who were free trained soldiers of native Egyptians, and their number were around 15 to 20 thousand during conflict time and the second to them were reserve soldiers and volunteers from various professions upon the call for "Jehad" in villages and cities across the country according to historians who recorded these events and some of these historians were sons of former mamluks who were eventually assimilated into the local community. There is an over-amplifying of the significance of slave trade on the success of the sultanate of Egypt specially on the early conflict with the Mongols when the inner conflicts and schism between the mamluks were still active and the mamluks assimilation system was still immature.
even majority of the army was local arabs; i think it's because the core professionals and leaders. especially ain jalut was a classical feigned retreat. i also think bedouin cavalry was highly skilled in this kind of tactical understanding.
@@calidone7661 Bedouin Arabs also were not largely involved in the conflict due to their conflict with early Ayyubids and later with the sultanate of Egypt, Salaheddin himself had major incidents with Arab tribes and forced all Arab tribes living to the east of the Nile delta to be displaced to upper Egypt or to the Maghreb out of fear of their alliance with crusaders. The relationship between mamluk sultans and Arabs were even worse as they saw Arab tribes as source of disruption and forced majority of them out of Egypt to the Nubian kingdom of Makuria "North Sudan".
@@calidone7661
Arabs didnt call Mamluk Empire ed dewlet-ul Turkiyya for no reason. This revisionist friend above is having hard time admitting it but throughout the middle ages after the Abbasid Empire was no more, Turks have been the sword of islam for the last 1000 years.
@@arda213 nations age like people. once they were young; fast and furious. straight out from heart of the desert, all the way from france to china. this scale of conquest should not be overlooked.
@@abdelrahmanmahgoub8669wrong the ayyubids were Arabs. And a lot of the mamluk soldiers were arab Bedouins. Isa ibn muhanna fought in 2 battle of Homs and he was the mvp on the mamluks side. The first battle of Homs was ayyubids vs mongols.
It's great Sultan Beibarys 🇰🇿
Sultan Baibars had nothing to do with you guys. Read about his description. He was white man with more blondish hair and with blue eyes. Can you show me one kazak who is blonde?
Baibars would be closer to tatars, bashkirs, kumyks not to kazakhs.
@@user-wp7kg6qw1g sultan baibars was not white. as you mentioned in your comment, he was a Tatar and Turkic, and most importantly he was a Muslim. according to westerners, a muslim and turk can not be white.
@@user-wp7kg6qw1g Stop whitewashing the Kipchaks and falsifying history for the sake of Eurocentrism and white supremacy. The Kipchaks, like the Türkics, have never been white. no matter how you white supremacists or their wannabes among the Caucasoid Turkic-speaking peoples do not want this.
@@user-wp7kg6qw1g Imagine writing a comment so wrong
Oh, shit! Established Titles is still finding promoters! I thought I was the last person to get the news that it was a scam! Guess not...
I highly encourage you to drop your sponsorship by Established Titles. There have been some probes into the integrity of the company, and the findings have not been very flattering.
High medieval history is my favorite
At the beginning of the video I thought I heard you say "memes" not "means", and I pictured hand drawn memes being sent to the Mongols to confuse or entertain them.
Guys, we love you and your incredible videos, but please stop the Established Titles sponsorship already. Sure, you maybe didn't know it was a scam at first, but everyone is commenting that it's a scam for the last few videos. It's the time to stop the sponsorship and let your viewers know about the situation. Your prestige in the eyes of viewers drop with every sponsorship you do with them after their scam became publicly known.
Hey, can you make some videos covering India aswell, i was hoping to see few more videos covering India. It seems you havent done a video on India for some time. Specially about Chola empire , and Gupta empire ,rashtrakuta dynasty aswell .
You guys beat history dose to it!
Downvoted for the established title ad. Your channel is big enough, get credible sponsors
As a Mongol, I did not know this at all. Great to know. Thank you
You are not mongol :)
Am not surprised, you are supposed to stay ignorant and to hate the people that we want you to hate, so we can use you for our goals. *I love the Mongols* especially when they kill my enemies
@@prsimoibn2710 You make no sense. Our ancestors wanted to unite the Earth under one sky “Tengeri.”. That was our goal, you can try to steal our thunder, but you can’t change history.
@@kalt4689 do you a have old universities and books and tradition? We sell you vegetables and alcohol, you give us soldiers to invade middle east. That's the deal take it or leave it
@@prinznoir7371 grow up kid
@13:20
The defense tactic is very interesting, because I think that was the Crusader policy in the early 12th century in which the 4 Crusader principalities agreed to join in defense against any Muslim offensive.
Quality stuff
Mamlūk authors almost always refer to their Sultanate as " the state of the Turks " ( dawlat al - atrāk dawlat al - turk/ al - dawla al - turkiyya ) . They usually seem to be aware of the fact that the reign of the “ Turks "
Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam,Volume 39
Magnes Press, The Hebrew University., 2012
@@ziyadpepe6291 That's one of place where they were sourced from, but in truth these are vastly diverse folks from many origins, there are Cuman, Kipchak, Avar, Bolgar, Turks, Mongol, Tatar, Circassian, etc, but with one similarity, being enslaved and sold out into market in Persia and Arabia as slave that could either be hired as mercenary, household tenant, cattle slave, or even assisting scribe, but mostly those from Central Asia would be turned into personal mercenary.
turks trying to take credit, no they have nothing to do with modern day turks chill the fuck out
Jalal Al-Din Mangburni defeated the Mongols 11 times. Jalal Al-Din>Alauddin Khilji+Baibars
>T̼̼̖̾͟͞h̨͚͚͖ͯ̒̄͗͞ḛ̡̰̳͓̥ͬ͋ͪͧ H͇͇̹͊ͪ́̕ͅḛ̡̰̳͓̥ͬ͋ͪͧb͔͔̳͈̊̆ͥ͂͜͝ṛ̣̬̫̍͌ͩ͟ḛ̡̰̳͓̥ͬ͋ͪͧw̡̻̻̣͚̒̀ͅ U̝̝̝̲̦ͣ͋͛̊n̫̫̘̗͕̲̲̎ͥi̧̻̻͉̜͑ͪ̾͟v̹̹̘̼̞̻͆ͩ̓ͪ͢ḛ̡̰̳͓̥ͬ͋ͪͧṛ̣̬̫̍͌ͩ͟s̨̞̞̰͎͎̪̩͕̈́̀ͯ̍ͧͅi̧̻̻͉̜͑ͪ̾͟t͖͖̠̬͛y͙͙̪̰ͫ͌́
Honestly, *a separate Mongols channel* could easily be established by K & G. It would outnumber every other topic on this current channel. 😂💀
I doubt that would be the case, the Mongols has alot of subject to discuss for a year or two if you looking heavily into all kind if source metarial throughout the ages ... but definitely not going to outnumbered almost the entire human history from all corners of this Earth, that the channel has cover for years now :-/
@@mr.bluefox3511 You're incorrect. I counted them. This isn't my first post stating this, either. Run a search for all of 2020 including their podcasts. Second runner up, by far, is Rome which is understandable.
@@AllFather-TheStoicGod I'm not sure what its your points however, first post and all. I'm just thinking K&G making an entire Channel for Mongol contents isn't a good ideal for there team, in the long term.
I'm pretty sure that would be a hell of a educational place, but the channel will have limited amount of contents to cover, with limited time. After that said channel won't be "alive" for long, unless they branches outside Mongols subject. Not to mention it may have a significantly smaller audiences compare to the current K&G that pull peoples studing & interest in all different historical era to checking things they don't know much about.
You are suggesting to people who make videos not only for there passion in educational, but also as a job. Why should they created a smaller channel with limitations to mostly one group if peoples in fixed timeline for a year or two, rather than keep working & maintaining K&G with the freedom to talk about all different subject back & forward, for the next 5 or event 10 more years. Even a less popular video has hundred thousand of peoples watch & rewatch.
@@mr.bluefox3511 It's right there in the first sentence. The point was succinct: they run too much content on Mongols, full stop.
Could you do Khilji vs Mongols?
Please look into your sponsors . Established Titles is not a legit company.
Friendly reminder. The Mameluks were of Turkic/Kypchak origin.
Turk and Arab of course
@@Mysteriousman355 I am talking about the leader Class like Sultan Baibars for example.
Don't forget also cherkesses among them. Our cherkess brothers were one of the bravest knights in the second millenia. Their brightness ended when they massacred by Russian empire in long bloody Caucasian war.
Much love from kazakh to all history lovers.
@@Mysteriousman355 On the other hand, as has been recently pointed out, though the beginning of Bahri rule is usually dated to 1250, none of the first five sultans were, in fact, members of the Bahriyya. 32 The Arabic sources for the period refer to the dynasty as the dawlat al-atrak, dawlat al-turk, or al- dawla al-turkiyya (i.e. dynasty of the Turks), in recognition of the racial or ethnic group which predominated in the mamluk caste during this period, and to distinguish it from the Burji sultanate in which mamluks
Northrup, L. (1998). The Bahrī Mamlūk sultanate, 1250-1390. In C. Petry (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Egypt (The Cambridge History of Egypt, pp. 242-289). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
@@okanisiert of course you talking about baibars the right hand of sultan qutuz
Fascinating vid, Baybars adopted some Roman ingenuity.