I think there is a mistake on the last step, the one which involves the 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase: the reaction requires a NADPH (+ H+) to reduce two of the four carbons involved in the double bonds, instead of NADP+, otherwise that would mean a further oxidation of already oxydated carbons.
Yeah, you're right. Because you're adding two Hydrogens, one at carbon 2 & the other at carbon 5, and the electrons must perform some sort of radical intermediate in order to form a double bond between carbons 3 & 4. Simple error.
Thank you very much for your lectures. Sometimes books take for granted facts and explain mechanisms and processes without giving any reasons for what is happening. For example, in this case, I could not understand why a reduction reaction was needed. You simply explained that it was because the conjugated intermediate was not a substrate of the enzyme hydrolase and so a different reaction was needed. I don't like learning without thinking, only memorizing stuff putting no logic into it. That's what I like about you. You always explain WHY something is happening. You're an inspiration. Thank you very much. I'll pass my exam thanks to you.
Welcome back!I was wondering when the next video would be uploaded,I am a student studying at a difficult country, and I get a lot of help from you, Thanks! :D
With this knowledge you're the most suited scientist to develope supplements and medications to correct the missing links in our metabolism . I loved organic chemistry in school.
or how about to eat a diet that would be best suited for health, to eliminate the need for medications? Who wants to be on medications for life if health was an option all along?
thank you for posting this video, thank you for coming back, a bit of correction, when enzyme 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase works, it requires NADPH + H+, forming NADP+. not the other way around, please check. thank u
+AK LECTURES (Andrey K) i've checked d video, and you really add the annotation, thank u.. anw i'm still curious how a math grads can end up in med school? =D
Thanks so much. Your videos have been beneficial to me as a Nigerian postgraduate student. In the reaction involving 2,4-dienoylCoA intermediate, NADPH should be used up to generate the oxidized form. Thanks.
I don't see the point on the even or odd numbers of double bonds. The illustration that @AK Lecture showed for the even C18:2n6 can be also applied to C18:3n3. Can someone helps to clarify this point? Thanks
Great video it explains a lot but I just don't get it how double bond from last step when reductase is working how cis double bond between fourth and fifth carbon jump to the trans double bond between third and fourth carbon because reductase just give hidrogen atoms to the molecule it is not removing two carbon atoms
Great stuff, thanks a lot. I was just wondering if all dietary PUFAs are equally readily oxidized for energy production, or if the number of double bonds (or other competing metabolic functions, e.g. in case of AA, EPA, DHA) affect the utilization. In other words; if one didn't eat enough calories, would his omega-3-supplements be as readily catabolized to energy as any other fatty acids?
The palmitoleic acid goes through 3 rounds of beta oxidation until the cis acyl coA is formed, and then the enoyl coA isomerase, then continues beta oxidation etc.... but Is it 3 rounds for this particular example or do all mono unsaturated fatty acids go through 3 rounds?
If 1 NADPH => 3 ATP and 1 FADH2 => 2 ATP So Stearic acid => 146 ATP Linoleic - 1 FADH2 => 144 ATP Linolenic acid - (1 FADH2 and 1 NADPH) => 141 ATP Right? Can everyone tell me please? Thanks (Linolenic acid -2 FADH2 because it presents 2 double bond, and +1 FADH2 -1 NADPH in dehydrogenase and reductase step)
1. What occurs to poly and monounsaturated fats that go unused? Are they converted into triglycerides? 2. Say someone is on a ketogenic diet, consuming large amounts of fat. What is the signal that induces storage of fat vs oxidation? Such as how maxed out glycogen storage results in triglyceride formation, in terms of carbohydrate consumption.
![Beta Oxidation of a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid [Linoleic Acid]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/zCLC9PV5ZUo/mqdefault.jpg)
his explanations are so clear and concise. How can you not like his lectures?
I am so grateful for all of the AK Lectures BioChemistry lectures. I can’t thank you enough.
I think there is a mistake on the last step, the one which involves the 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase: the reaction requires a NADPH (+ H+) to reduce two of the four carbons involved in the double bonds, instead of NADP+, otherwise that would mean a further oxidation of already oxydated carbons.
Gianlu1912 u r right. The reaction uses NADPH & H+ and release NADP+
Yeah u are right 👌
Yeah, you're right. Because you're adding two Hydrogens, one at carbon 2 & the other at carbon 5, and the electrons must perform some sort of radical intermediate in order to form a double bond between carbons 3 & 4. Simple error.
Yes u r crt....💯💯
Yeah
Great to see you back! You're amazing.
Thank you very much for your lectures. Sometimes books take for granted facts and explain mechanisms and processes without giving any reasons for what is happening.
For example, in this case, I could not understand why a reduction reaction was needed. You simply explained that it was because the conjugated intermediate was not a substrate of the enzyme hydrolase and so a different reaction was needed.
I don't like learning without thinking, only memorizing stuff putting no logic into it. That's what I like about you. You always explain WHY something is happening. You're an inspiration. Thank you very much. I'll pass my exam thanks to you.
you have made biochem easy with your concise and free flowing knowledge.keep it up
Your videos are SUPERB. most of such videos are like punishment to listen, but yours..very easy and interesting.
Welcome back!I was wondering when the next video would be uploaded,I am a student studying at a difficult country, and I get a lot of help from you, Thanks! :D
i love you so much!
better than any professor i have ever had
Thank you for saving us in biochemistry! ❤
Afnan S. You are right
However english is not my languge ,he explane it better than my doctor thank you Mr,AK
So glad you did this video! Phenomenally clearer than my lecturer haha
+Samueltk awesome! Thanks bud!
With this knowledge you're the most suited scientist to develope supplements and medications to correct the missing links in our metabolism . I loved organic chemistry in school.
or how about to eat a diet that would be best suited for health, to eliminate the need for medications? Who wants to be on medications for life if health was an option all along?
awsome sir....love your lectures....I thought u stopped.Thanks again sir.
Thanks a Lot sir, it helped tremendously.
Just when I bought some new fish oil caps. Thanks a lot!
thank you for posting this video, thank you for coming back, a bit of correction, when enzyme 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase works, it requires NADPH + H+, forming NADP+. not the other way around, please check. thank u
+CitraTheKrumZ Thank you! You're right. I added an annotation with the correction!
+AK LECTURES (Andrey K) women are always right hhahhaha,, naahh I'm just kidding.. glad i can help ;)
CitraTheKrumZ Can't argue with you there :-)
+AK LECTURES (Andrey K) i've checked d video, and you really add the annotation, thank u.. anw i'm still curious how a math grads can end up in med school? =D
+AK LECTURES (Andrey K) then the intermediate is reduced and not oxidized as mentioned right?
Thank you so much! You absolutely saved me for my IB Extended Essay
U are awesome man.u answering all of my questions
man welcome back !
good to c u back.. ur videos helping a lot.. thank u so much.
Finally I get it, thanks!
You made it all very easy sir!Thank you..
This is great, thank you!!
Thanks so much. Your videos have been beneficial to me as a Nigerian postgraduate student.
In the reaction involving 2,4-dienoylCoA intermediate, NADPH should be used up to generate the oxidized form. Thanks.
this was very helpful, thank you.
I don't see the point on the even or odd numbers of double bonds. The illustration that @AK Lecture showed for the even C18:2n6 can be also applied to C18:3n3. Can someone helps to clarify this point?
Thanks
Very well explained .. thank u sir!😊🙌
I have an exam over this material this week! Perfect timing.
Did you pass?
@@teodorkiritsov2677 Haha yes, I'm a licensed pharmacist now
Awesome good for you
sir your videos save me lot :)
you're awesome .
5 years old ....still so useful✨
Thank u soooooooo much , U are the best !!!
Thank you for such simple explaination
Thank you sooo much !!!
One doubt in last step 2hydrogen atoms will be added or removed as I can see two hydrogen atoms added at position no 2 and 5 in product
Great explanation
How is it that the double bond was moved from the the ninth carbon to be positioned between the third and the fourth carbon in the polmitolate ?
Awesome explanation sir
Welcome back Andrey! Guess you had enough time off from your medical studies to post more videos! Awesome stuff, really appreciate your awesome videos
+nmanhas thanks! spring break gave me a few extra minutes :)
thanks great video!
thank you SO MUCH
god bless you , thank you
thank you so much
Great video it explains a lot but I just don't get it how double bond from last step when reductase is working how cis double bond between fourth and fifth carbon jump to the trans double bond between third and fourth carbon because reductase just give hidrogen atoms to the molecule it is not removing two carbon atoms
Great stuff, thanks a lot. I was just wondering if all dietary PUFAs are equally readily oxidized for energy production, or if the number of double bonds (or other competing metabolic functions, e.g. in case of AA, EPA, DHA) affect the utilization. In other words; if one didn't eat enough calories, would his omega-3-supplements be as readily catabolized to energy as any other fatty acids?
thank you sir for this lecture
Thanks Ak lectures for yet another life-saving video!
In the last product, did you mean to draw a double bond between Carbons 2 & 3?
Can u please tell why enoyl hydratase enzyme can't act on this
What if the single double bond is present in even number carbon?
Thanks a Lot
I think the process is okay but where we use 2,4 dienoyl coa reductase,We use NADPH and H ,becoz we are adding 2H at C2 n C5
Can anyone help me out what products occur from oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids?
The palmitoleic acid goes through 3 rounds of beta oxidation until the cis acyl coA is formed, and then the enoyl coA isomerase, then continues beta oxidation etc.... but Is it 3 rounds for this particular example or do all mono unsaturated fatty acids go through 3 rounds?
It depends of the location of the first double bond counted from the carboxyl end.
If 1 NADPH => 3 ATP and 1 FADH2 => 2 ATP
So Stearic acid => 146 ATP
Linoleic - 1 FADH2 => 144 ATP
Linolenic acid - (1 FADH2 and 1 NADPH) => 141 ATP
Right?
Can everyone tell me please? Thanks
(Linolenic acid -2 FADH2 because it presents 2 double bond, and +1 FADH2 -1 NADPH in dehydrogenase and reductase step)
Can you tell me how we can beak down palmitoleic acid in starvation ??
Thank you
What if the compound has triple bonds,how will be there beta oxidation process
Very nice
hey shouldnt that be from NADPH +H to NADP and not the other way around??
by the way, your lectures are amazing! Great help for med students
but he said the reductase enzyme reduced NADP to NADPH+H and oxidized the substrate!!!
yeah but he made a mistake. sheena said it right. it wouldnt make sense to oxidise the supstrate which then has more hydrogen molecules
Pls anyone at which carbon the oxidation takes place at 2;4 dienoyl coa.
With help of reductase.
1. What occurs to poly and monounsaturated fats that go unused? Are they converted into triglycerides?
2. Say someone is on a ketogenic diet, consuming large amounts of fat. What is the signal that induces storage of fat vs oxidation? Such as how maxed out glycogen storage results in triglyceride formation, in terms of carbohydrate consumption.
how many rounds of beta oxidation are needed to oxidate it at the end?
4
I'm still wondering how/if this impacts on mitochondrial health
جزاك الله خيرا
the beast has returned. are you in school or making youtube videos exclusively?
Hey, Hey! Great timing as I am going back over MCAT material. Glad to have ya back!! Hey any possibility of Psychology/Sociology future videos?
Hey Genius, can you please so a video on pulmonary function tests??👍🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽
Brother what on earth is an apatacide?
love u man
Why enoyl coa hydratase could not act on 2 4 dienoyo coAs alpha and beta carbon while it could act on trans delta2 enoyl coA
May be because of structural difference...
Can unsaturated fatty acids be synthesized from glucose?
omega - 9
Now I'm because our biochemistry tchr refuse to discuss this and now we're apparently having an exam -_-
Shouldn't it form trans delta 2 enoyl CoA instead of trans delta 3 enoyl CoA?
Quincy Madunezim yes
Why three rounds of beta oxidation?
it should be two right?
Three rounds just to react with the saturated bond of Linoleoyl CoA. Then after that, it encounters the double bond part.
Never Mind
is it always 3 beta oxidation cycle apart from the number of carbon atom ?😁😅😅