The Active Volcano in the Sahara; Tousside
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- čas přidán 26. 07. 2024
- Within the vast desert of the Sahara is something which few people know about, volcanoes. One of these volcanoes contains numerous recent looking lava flows which cover an area of 300 square kilometers, Tousside. Tousside which is located in northwestern Chad has likely erupted at some point in the last 5,000 years and will one day probably erupt again.
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Sources/Citations:
[1] Permenter, Jason & Oppenheimer, Clive. (2007). Volcanoes of the Tibesti massif (Chad, northern Africa). Bulletin of Volcanology. 69. 609-626. 10.1007/s00445-006-0098-x.
[2] Abdelsalam Elshaafi, Agust Gudmundsson, Central volcanoes and caldera collapses in the late Miocene - Late Pleistocene Tibesti Volcanic Province, northwest Chad, Journal of Geodynamics, Volume 145, 2021, 101846, ISSN 0264-3707, doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2021.10.... (www.sciencedirect.com/science...)
[3] NASA
0:00 Volcanoes in the Sahara
0:39 Tousside Volcano
1:01 Location & Geologic Setting
1:31 Geologic History
4:53 Conclusion
The weird thing about the Sahara is that right around the time of the rise of the Egyptian pharaohs the Sahara was changing from a vast green and lush savannah to the wasteland we know today. Imagine what type of cities may be buried under the sands just waiting to fill in large pieces of human history.
I think they've already found whales skeletons (in Wadi Al-Hitan, the Whale Valley, Egypt) where the Tethys sea used to be. I'm sure they'll also find other remains some day.
I think the green sahara predates cities, or more correctly, cities emerge as a result of mass migrations following the end of the last interglacial period which saw the sahara drying up.
@@mfaizsyahmithink again.
Zep Tepe, the first period of the Egyptian civilization, the time of the god kings, began around 26000 years ago.
The Mega Tsunami that went from the Mediterranean right over Africa to the South Atlantic create the Sahara desert.
There is carbon dating of Mediterranean fish, seahorses, shellfish that were left in one of these volcanos summit crater lake at 12000 ft by that event and survived from 12900 to 8500 years ago.
@@mfaizsyahmi The Sahara is thought to have been green as recently as 5000 years ago. That's right about the time of the start of the early Egyptian civilization.
@@Maungateitei nothing is dated to 26,000 years ago 😂
Fascinating. I can honestly say that I have never heard of this volcanic complex before.
We were taught about the existence of the Tibesti mountains in Northern Chad at school in geography, but never about their volcanic nature.
It's amazing just how BIG the Emi Koussi volcano was able to become. Thanks for sharing!
Emi Koussi is truly large. With a volume of over 3,000 cubic kilometers, Emi Koussi contains as much material as the lower-volume estimates of the Toba supereruption (More recent estimates suggest >5,300 cubic kilometers.).
Thank you geology hub. I’ve been quite sick and your videos have babied me. Keep making your great videos!
This is a video that I have been waiting for from GeologyHub! I have always been fascinated by the volcanoes of the Tibesti Mountains and Tousside in particular. In addition to Tousside and Emi Koussi, a third volcano in that area that could erupt again is the Tarso Voon caldera. The Soboram geothermal field on the side of Voon is the largest in the Tibesti Mountains and the caldera itself seems to have had some uplift.
How amazingly barren all that ground is. It does serve to display the detail of the eruptions and flows quite well.
A geological travelogue with a knowledgeable and kind guide. Thank you.
Give this guy a like. Quality content.
True.
Thanks as always! Tousside does seem younger than Emi Koussi.
Similar to Mount Cameroon, I would like to know the origin of the area's uplift.
I have a gut feeling that the uplift and unusual warmth of the mantle below the uplift are related to the formation processes and tectonics of the Saharan Metacraton.
FINALY you covered the other major active volcano of this area of sahara . . . I was waiting Literal Years for this . . so I am glad the waiting is over for now
Could you cover the Bayuda volcanic field in Sudan? It is in a fascinating location, and its primarily form of eruption (explosion craters) is extremely odd for that region. The Sahara has some fascinating geology that often seems to just get glossed over.
Even better would be the Jebel Marra volcanic field. The Deriba caldera located there is very young and its formation apparently spread ash on Pharaonic Egypt, if I'm not mistaken.
Yay, feel like I commented ages ago on a video with a global volcano map asking for more videos on all the random volcanoes in the Sahara and here one finally came! Interesting that there's no officially accepted origin, but definitely interesting without a clear hotspot or plate boundary causing them.
That's really interesting because I didn't know there were volcanoes in the Sahara desert. Thank you
I was waiting for you to cover this volcanic complex. The adjacent maar vents are truly amazing
My friend Jim Joblington loves your channel!
So cool to see Tousside featured on this channel.
Thank you for this video was wondering about this since it’s such a large caldera covered area
This volcano wrecks my mind. Thank you so much.
I did not know Sahara was so active so recently! Wonder if there are good fossils in some of those old pyroclastic flows 🤔
It's not like Chad has any other problems, but because we're in a satire universe, they have volcanoes as well. It never rains, but it pours!
I love hearing about African geology! I enjoy using Google Earth to find all the interesting things on that continent, there is so much to see and I've often wondered about a lot of Africa's geologic features.
Thanks.
Uplift rates and general description of the setting *before* the events sound a lot like the Adirondack dome's (USA, NY) profile as well. Have you ever done a video for that area? Disclosure - I live right at the foot of the dome, within spitting distance of the McGregror fault's surface trace, so there's a local interest there :) . Saratoga's gassy wells and the water chemistry in them coupled with the uplift in the dome area has had my eyebrows raised on this topic for a decade.
You have some really great videos only you don't show your added text information long enough and I have to pause it to go back and read it.
4:52 - I made it to 14,000 and then it was gone - had to go back to read it. If you could leave those up for a bit longer it'd be better. ty
You should cover the richat structure/Alantis.
I was in Chad in the early 1980’s but didn’t know anything about volcanoes then. I was there during the war and was there supporting the French.
Question: Would this be, based on size alone, be considered a super volcano? 🤔
No, it does not have the volume of magma at depth required to trigger a VEI 8 eruption.
I would like to see a video about the Gem Valley in south east Idaho and its cinder cones
I heard about the volcano that spews blue lava… I am uncertain about this I don’t know if you have covered this or if it is real, but if so, I would love to learn.
And just so you know, I would love to have longer videos come from you I know that there are difficult to make and they’re very time-consuming but you just give a little taste of wonderful information and I would love to have a meal
Have you discussed shiprock New Mexico and the basalt wall?
So funny that we were taught about the existence of the Tibesti mountain range in Northern Chad in geography, but never about the fact that they are potentially active volcanoes.
I do a lot of hiking in the Lake Tahoe area. Professional geologists have mentioned welded tuff on many occasions. Can you explain these layered rock formations. Where are these old volcanos that these layers came from?
Question: are you any active volcanoes in the arctic circle except for Alaska? Or we don't know if there are any exist? Please share the info.
Yurp he talks in some past vids about Gakkel Ridge and Beerenberg on Jan Mayen Island.
Question: what volcano(es) do you think are most likely to have the next large eruption capable of having a moderate to significant effect on climate on a global scale?
Moderate can have a lot of range. Like the one in Iceland in 2010 that stopped air travel for a couple days. Or the 91 eruption of Pinatubo that gave us a volcanic winter with about 10% less sunlight and reduced temperature by about 0.4°C globally and 0.5-0.6°C in the northern hemisphere and pretty much removed summer in 92 and the massive storm in 93. Or Tambora in 1815 and the year without a summer 1816
Perhaps the latest manifestation of the oh-going subduction of the Mediterranean basins beneath Europe. Do older volcanic complexes occur in Libya and other north African nations?
How does it line-up with the Gulf of Guinea triple junction? The uplift of the region may be sourced in the resealing of the failed branch. The on-continent failed rift may be the source. The original basalt flows indicate thin crust akin to the East Africa rift rather than a hot-spot. I realize that the other two branches bordering the Atlantic successfully split in the Mesozoic, but great tectonic movements span hundreds of millions of years.
I enjoy your site and have learned a lot.
It's insane how many relatively severe eruptions occurred during the early human time period.
Is there a good book on volcanology for amateurs? (Particularly with all the terms you use.)
How far off the top of the African Rift Valley are these vocanoes ? And is the one Geoff Macklay filmed the lava lake inside of , for David Attenbrough , near there ? .
The area is also right between the central african shear and the west african craton, so the volcanoes might be the result of older processes that just took time to go off.
Yes! I asked about this like two years ago! Not that, that is why you are doing this video but I can still pretend it is.
The weird thing about these videos is that the narrator's voice and delivery annoys the heck out of me for whatever reason, and I still watch them.
If irrigation was not so expensive in the sahara, this volcano would be the most lush and profitable farmland on earth.
Always something new. The more I learn, the less I know!
Yea this is a very impressive volcanic region. If not a hotspot then maybe old oceanic crust was subducted in the region but was a flat subduction. And perhaps the enormous upwelling of very buoyant mantle in the east African rift caused enough disturbance in mantle flow to cause stuck old oceanic crust to be freed up and sink causing widespread volcanism... I think that is a proposal to why high lava plains/Yellowstone volcanism is slightly askew from the directional trend. I think I'll look at this volcanic region some more because it is a head scratcher.
The area is at least 2 billion years old with some rifting around 1.2 billion to 950 million years ago. It's pretty much land continuously for the last 500 million years. The volcanoes are no older than 20 million years.
Since you mentioned a hotspot, do you think the hawaiian hotspot is responsible for the Siberian traps since that's the general direction the seamount path leads back to?
The chain makes a bend at around 32°N 172°E, from where it goes almost perfectly up north, ending pretty much in Kamchatka.
could it be the rift zone compress against the thicker crust to form volcanic activities?
Wouldn't that happen in the rifht than?
As of July 2023 what volcano or volcanoes on earth exibit the highest threat for a large eruption that would cool the earth like Pinatubo did in the Philippines in the early 90’s?
I wonder how fertile that volcanic soil must be. If it rained there, it would be an oasis
“Between the time when the oceans drank Atlantis, and the rise of the sons of Arius….there was an age undreamed of.”
This made me look at GMaps. What's the "Eye of the desert" all about in Chad? Looks like a meteor impact but instead of a crater, the bedrock was exposed.
I think you must be looking at the Aorounga crater in the northeast of the country. It is a massive meteorite impact crater. The 'Eye of the Desert' is another geological feature called the Richat Structure, which is in Mauritanai, a very long way to the west of the Sahara. It looks like a meteor crater but isn't one. The Sahara is amazingly interesting.
Sir there is a mountain near us and its name is Mt. Magsanga
Idk if it is a volcano because as what i have seen there are four pointed like a rime but separated, My lola said that its a volcano but it does not show on google or facebook that it is a volcano. Can you inspect it sir if its a volcano thank you.
I wish the Sahara held the volcanoes, an inhospitable dangerous place. But then I suppose soil wouldnt be as fertile everywhere else
Strictly based on the date mentioned, 4k BCE, could this be another potential source for ancient disaster folklore? Similar to how many people suspect an eruption of Santorini bringing on the plagues of Egypt...
Pretty sure there is at least some report in there.
You are pronouncing the name of the volcano wrong. It is more like 'two seedai', with a long French e (é) at the end.
It's fascinating to learn about volcanoes in the Sahara. Wouldn't it be exciting to see them erupting today?
Agreed.
Video idea: Mt. Pūhāhonu. The single largest and hottest volcano still on the surface.
Why Mt. Pūhāhonu? It's immense size is pushing the crust, not just the sea floor but the crust down ~3km. It being a Shield volcano probably didn't make significant changes to the planet like a strato volcano of equal size would have. If pūhāhonu exploded like Tonga, it probably would have split the planet and destroyed any chance of life
For all of its size, Puhahonu would not have broken the planet.
@@TheSpaceEnthusiast-vl6wx do me a favor and do the math on it and get back to me on the explosive yield of a strato volcano the size of pūhāhonu. Here's a tip for the math, you have to calculate all of the energy being released at once over the course of maybe a few hours instead of the several thousand years it took to form. I'm pretty sure that without me doing any math, but knowing the explosive yield of Tonga, Czar Bomb and Mt Saint Helens, I can fairly easily extrapolate a hypothetical yield that would put a hell of a crack in the planet. And given the age of the volcano, it would most likely have put a stop to life forming complex structures if anything at all. Fortunately that didn't happen and we get to imagine and hypothesis about the possibilitys
@@Mikkelltheimmortal Just ask a geologist.
I don't speak French or know anything about its pronunciation, but that can't be how you say Tousside.
Hotspot?
It does feel like that, not techtonic
Most mountains in Nord Africa look melted
Some of those volcanoes still are emitting gas
Please use scientific units of measurement such as meters and kilometers. You make videos for CZcams and thus for the world. Miles and feet are still used in only 3 countries in the world today, Myanmar, Liberia and the USA. So please use the units that the overwhelming majority of humanity uses. THX
so interesting. just goes to show..there is no place on earth where volcanism isnt present
As tall as the Titanic is deep.
1:09 Doge...
I guess I don't find the presence of volcanoes odd. Volcanic activity doesn't really have anything to do with the continental arrangements/weather patterns that produce deserts. Deserts are pretty fleeting things.
Or... This whole geologic feature was accidentally caused in Men in Black: International lol 🙃
woohoo first!
@Soonpizza345 CZcams lied to me then
Execute Order 2000
Stop saying hundreds of thousands and millions of years, no such thing
It's really BC, not BCE. BCE is "politically correct" trashspeak.
"BCE is "politically correct" trashspeak." - nope. BCE/CE is the accepted terminology of historians, archeologists, etc. You are stuck on some old religious hegemony and people today realize how badly the old Gregorian method is. So stop being so butthurt over standard terminology.
It's really not.