Thank you for an enjoyable presentation. I live and work in Chilean volcanic/intrusive environments as a minerals exploration geologist since 1969. It is interesting to note the scale of power and magmas, tephra, gases and super-critical water explosions involved, However one never ceases to learn with good, clear explantions and very adequate graphics. Best regards, Jaime ARIAS, Geologist and Ph. D. Minerals Exploration.
6 overlapping calderas ! If I remember correctly, Olympus Mons also has a lot of overlapping calderas. The preferentially placed pyroclastic flows and your suggestion that there were likely breaches in the caldera rims remind me of a study that hypothesized the likely appearance of Mount Vesuvius before its 79 AD eruption. Based on murals and paintings, Mount Vesuvius seems to have had a high caldera rim left by the previous large eruptions (Basal pumice, Mercato eruption, Avellino eruption) much like an amphitheater, but with a breach at the southeastern area. In the 79 AD eruption, this breach provided a pathway to Pompeii for Pyroclastic flows 3 and 4. I am curious about what you think of this.
Well we know that the large caldera rim I.e. Mount Somma formed about 18,300 years ago in the largest eruption of the volcano ever, so we know for a fact that the general outline of the caldera would have been the same in 79 AD, however we don’t know exactly what the main cone of the volcano looked like at the time; it could have been similar to its modern appearance or drastically different. And unfortunately we can never know the answer to that because whatever was left of the cone after 79 AD has since been overlayed and built on top of by the subsequent 2000 years of eruptions.
But as your country is smaller, the odds are naturally lower. Imagine me, who lives in Brazil, a giant country and still don't have a single volano to see. I mean, what are the chances
300 km east of the Portuguese Spanish border there's the Calatrava volcanic field near Ciudad Real in Spain. I don't know where in Portugal you live, but I think this is closer to you than the Azores Islands or Madeira respectively and you can drive by car. The last eruption was around 5500 years ago, following the Smithsonian Volcano Database. 🖐👴
I have noticed several times on this channel references to a number of plates(in discussions of plate boundaries and subduction) many names for plates that I never heard about in geology class in college. Better understanding of earths structure? Better technology? Or am I just confused. In any case this is an excellent channel.
I believe this is due to new and more precise data, showing certain sections of some plates were actually completely distinct plates. An example of this is the relationship of the Sunda plate to the Eurasian plate,
Its confusing in general as it at least in part depends on what level of subdivisions you want to get to. One tricky example is the "Indo Australian Plate" which formed after the extinction of the associated mid Ocean ridge of the Indian ocean some ~40 million years ago. Evidence has long suggested that the strain of the Himalayas has caused the plate to begin breaking apart but how far in progress that was was unknown and it was generally assumed to be in progress. However thanks to the large quake in Indonesia(I think it was the Sumatran trench?) from 2004 we have now know that the main break up actually finished a few million years ago what is ongoing to say are secondary fragmentations of the plate as it continues to get torn into smaller pieces. However many places including Geology Hub still reference this plate as if it still exists usually in the context of subduction. Another fun oddity plate wise is the Sierra Nevada Great Valley block a.k.a. the Sierra microplate as thanks to GPS data we now know that unlike the majority of the Basin and Range it is moving as a rigid body relative to the rest of North America(rather than deforming more differentially). The more you look the more complex it gets in general.
I was wondering: there's a rift valley in central Kamchatka (Klyuchevskoy's group is assosiated with it), coud it be that a back-arc-basin is forming there?
Scientists discovered that there are subducting plates that are left hanging under the plate it subducted under. What is the longest distance such a slab can travel underneath another slab before remelting and what would happen if such a massive slab sinks to the bottom where the core resides. Could it disrupt the magnetic field just like the current rained down bits and pieces that causes the well-known magnetic disturbance above South America?
But very visible and well defined. Yellowstone and La Garita complex in other hand are invisible and poorly defined, unless drilling examinations being done.
Computer imaging based on seismic waves. It's an evolving technology and not too precise yet, but it can at least give a general idea of where the magma chamber is and how big.
This could be an oversimplification, but I'll give it a try. The interior of Earth is subject to extreme temperatures and pressures, resulting in the Earth's upper mantle and lower crust to be molten and buoyant. This makes it much lighter than the crust itself resulting in the molten rock rising towards the surface. The crust can only contain so much pressure and thus, the molten rock spews out of the crust, forming volcanoes. Without volcanoes, the Earth will have no way to vent out the pressure and extreme temperatures within-resulting in a planet-wide eruption, wiping out most things on its surface. You asked a very good question-I am not a geologist but I happen to know a dose of Geology. I hope you learned something new today. Good day.
I thought you might find this interesting. USF geoscientist discovers new phosphorus material after New Port Richey lightning strike APRIL 11, 2023RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Can you explain Texas Canyon in Arizona to me. I'm baffled by it and can't find a way to word it to get the info I'm after with Google. I don't understand why such smooth, round boulders are clumped on top of a mountain. How did that happen? TIA 🤘🏻
So much information jammed into these videos I thought I just watched a 15 minute video. Well made and succinct. Very satisfying to watch.
Very true!
Thank you for an enjoyable presentation. I live and work in Chilean volcanic/intrusive environments as a minerals exploration geologist since 1969. It is interesting to note the scale of power and magmas, tephra, gases and super-critical water explosions involved,
However one never ceases to learn with good, clear explantions and very adequate graphics. Best regards,
Jaime ARIAS, Geologist and Ph. D. Minerals Exploration.
6 overlapping calderas ! If I remember correctly, Olympus Mons also has a lot of overlapping calderas.
The preferentially placed pyroclastic flows and your suggestion that there were likely breaches in the caldera rims remind me of a study that hypothesized the likely appearance of Mount Vesuvius before its 79 AD eruption. Based on murals and paintings, Mount Vesuvius seems to have had a high caldera rim left by the previous large eruptions (Basal pumice, Mercato eruption, Avellino eruption) much like an amphitheater, but with a breach at the southeastern area. In the 79 AD eruption, this breach provided a pathway to Pompeii for Pyroclastic flows 3 and 4. I am curious about what you think of this.
Well we know that the large caldera rim I.e. Mount Somma formed about 18,300 years ago in the largest eruption of the volcano ever, so we know for a fact that the general outline of the caldera would have been the same in 79 AD, however we don’t know exactly what the main cone of the volcano looked like at the time; it could have been similar to its modern appearance or drastically different. And unfortunately we can never know the answer to that because whatever was left of the cone after 79 AD has since been overlayed and built on top of by the subsequent 2000 years of eruptions.
Yes, that is also possible.
I'd really love to hear about how magma chambers are imaged and analyzed if you can show us how it is done. Thx.!
Love the videos! I wish you had some longer format vids as well
Not going to lie, im kid of jelous of not having Volcanos in mainland Portugal :(
But as your country is smaller, the odds are naturally lower. Imagine me, who lives in Brazil, a giant country and still don't have a single volano to see. I mean, what are the chances
Idk Yellowstone is only a couple states from me (I live in MN). I wouldn’t appreciate being covered in ash multiple feet deep.
@@nathanandsugar5252 I mean, I'd really like to have a yellowstone-ish volcano in my country ngl
Just go visit the Azores for volcanoes!
300 km east of the Portuguese Spanish border there's the Calatrava volcanic field near Ciudad Real in Spain. I don't know where in Portugal you live, but I think this is closer to you than the Azores Islands or Madeira respectively and you can drive by car. The last eruption was around 5500 years ago, following the Smithsonian Volcano Database.
🖐👴
Russian Nesting Caldera- I’m pretty sure basically every geographic feature has at least one example in Russia.
Fascinating thank you 🙏
Russian nesting calderas!
Alternate title: The Russian Nesting Dolls of Volcanoes.
Cheers!
I have noticed several times on this channel references to a number of plates(in discussions of plate boundaries and subduction) many names for plates that I never heard about in geology class in college. Better understanding of earths structure? Better technology? Or am I just confused. In any case this is an excellent channel.
I believe this is due to new and more precise data, showing certain sections of some plates were actually completely distinct plates. An example of this is the relationship of the Sunda plate to the Eurasian plate,
Its confusing in general as it at least in part depends on what level of subdivisions you want to get to.
One tricky example is the "Indo Australian Plate" which formed after the extinction of the associated mid Ocean ridge of the Indian ocean some ~40 million years ago. Evidence has long suggested that the strain of the Himalayas has caused the plate to begin breaking apart but how far in progress that was was unknown and it was generally assumed to be in progress. However thanks to the large quake in Indonesia(I think it was the Sumatran trench?) from 2004 we have now know that the main break up actually finished a few million years ago what is ongoing to say are secondary fragmentations of the plate as it continues to get torn into smaller pieces. However many places including Geology Hub still reference this plate as if it still exists usually in the context of subduction.
Another fun oddity plate wise is the Sierra Nevada Great Valley block a.k.a. the Sierra microplate as thanks to GPS data we now know that unlike the majority of the Basin and Range it is moving as a rigid body relative to the rest of North America(rather than deforming more differentially). The more you look the more complex it gets in general.
Yeah...
Other similar cases include the utter mess of microplates in eastern Indonesia and the Okhotsk plate.
So this would be considered as a Russian nesting caldera?
Matrioshkaldera.
Not Okhtosk, but Okhotsk plate (in the map at 2:36 , it's spelled correctly).
I was wondering: there's a rift valley in central Kamchatka (Klyuchevskoy's group is assosiated with it), coud it be that a back-arc-basin is forming there?
One small correction: "ch" at the end of Ksudach is spelled like ch in "Charlie" or "rich". In russian: Ксудач.
That seems like a surprising amount of water in those calderas. Obviously the only water loss is through evaporation. So why so broad and deep?
Please cover Quizapu AKA Cerro Azul
Sadly underrated.
A 10km3 scoriaceous fluid dacite flow in the 1800s.
And a 10km3 VEI6 in 1932.
A beast.
Scientists discovered that there are subducting plates that are left hanging under the plate it subducted under. What is the longest distance such a slab can travel underneath another slab before remelting and what would happen if such a massive slab sinks to the bottom where the core resides.
Could it disrupt the magnetic field just like the current rained down bits and pieces that causes the well-known magnetic disturbance above South America?
I'd like to see videos made on how each state/province formed in North America. Like their entire geologic history.
I did some research on California and found out the state is three separate landmasses clumped together. So, yeah man go to it! 😁
Luckily, most stratovolcanoes aren’t like this…well I hope not at least.😂 What a beast of a volcano.
Holy Toledo!!
I'm assuming that there's a much higher convergence rate at that margin than, say, Cascadia.
Yo dawg, I've heard you liked calderas.
Do you think this volcano will erupt again?
Definitely. But as to when is unclear. Probably another 100+ years...
Possibly.
cool first!
compared to the Yellowstone hot spot caldera(s) these russian dolls are rather small...
But very visible and well defined.
Yellowstone and La Garita complex in other hand are invisible and poorly defined, unless drilling examinations being done.
Yep. Many calderas have already eroded by now.
So, ignimbrite is a form of tephra?
Ignimbrites are basically solidified Pyroclastic Flows or surges
Calderaception!
Need some big boom.
How can u tell how big the magma chamber is under a volcano 🌋?
Computer imaging based on seismic waves. It's an evolving technology and not too precise yet, but it can at least give a general idea of where the magma chamber is and how big.
LoL. Within a caldera, within a caldera within a caldera within a caldera!
I've heard of Russian nesting dolls, but not Russian nesting volcanoes! 🤣
drinking game - a shot each time he says 'caldera'
and the gotrons make the gotrons make the gotrons
What is it with volcanoes? Why don't they just chill out.
This could be an oversimplification, but I'll give it a try. The interior of Earth is subject to extreme temperatures and pressures, resulting in the Earth's upper mantle and lower crust to be molten and buoyant. This makes it much lighter than the crust itself resulting in the molten rock rising towards the surface. The crust can only contain so much pressure and thus, the molten rock spews out of the crust, forming volcanoes. Without volcanoes, the Earth will have no way to vent out the pressure and extreme temperatures within-resulting in a planet-wide eruption, wiping out most things on its surface.
You asked a very good question-I am not a geologist but I happen to know a dose of Geology. I hope you learned something new today. Good day.
Another earthquake in Kamchatka
I thought you might find this interesting. USF geoscientist discovers new phosphorus material after New Port Richey lightning strike
APRIL 11, 2023RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
So this is calderaception
Yep.
Use AD and BC and feet, yards and miles.
Can you explain Texas Canyon in Arizona to me. I'm baffled by it and can't find a way to word it to get the info I'm after with Google. I don't understand why such smooth, round boulders are clumped on top of a mountain. How did that happen?
TIA 🤘🏻
calderaception...
how many active volcanoes do they have? russia done it now, lol.
A lot. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Russia
calderaception!