The Geologic Oddity in Arizona; The Largest Kimberlite Pipe in the World
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- čas přidán 15. 06. 2024
- Within the state of Arizona are a number of fascinating geologic features. One of these features is a little known formation in Apache County which contains abundant gem grade peridot crystals. Here, 25 million years ago, a massive volcanic eruption occurred. This eruption deposited what is now recognized as the largest single kimberlite pipe on the planet. Kimberlite pipes are traditionally associated with diamonds, yet this one was unusual. This video will discuss this geologic oddity.
NOTE: Collecting is NOT allowed, and neither is trespassing at Buell Park which is ALL private property!
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Graphics of eruption dates are courtesy of the Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institute. volcano.si.edu/
This video is protected under “fair use”. If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at geologyhubyt@gmail.com and I will make the necessary changes.
0:00 Geologic Features in Arizona
0:18 A Massive Kimberlite Pipe
0:41 Kimberlites
1:30 Formation of Buell Park
2:17 A Powerful Eruption
3:20 No Diamonds in Arizona
Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers
Thumbnail Photo Credit: Google Earth, ©Google
Photo/Image Attribution:
2m30s: This work "Raikoke_1", is a derivative of a photo (resized, cropped, text overlay) from ("Raikoke Volcano Erupts", 2019, by: © NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, © NASA, User: © gsfc, Flickr, www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/, www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/48..., CC BY 2.0). "Raikoke_1" is used & licensed under CC BY 2.0 by / geologyhub
2m32s: 20211725, Pixabay, Pixabay License, pixabay.com/photos/volcano-na...
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It has come to my attention that several of my viewers have been illegally collecting at this site. DO NOT COLLECT HERE! Buell Park is PRIVATELY OWNED by a few land owners on Navajo Nation Land, and they DO NOT WANT trespassers. I merely posted about this feature because I found it interesting and DO NOT want people to collect here. Much like how I have mentioned active mining operations (and some inactive operations, with Buell Park not being a mining operation) in the past along with their minerals, it should be self-explanatory that you do not trespass on a location just because I mentioned where it is located. Land ownership laws exist around the world, and these needs to be respected. I am posting this because I was contacted by a land owner regarding several repeated incidents of people trespassing who cited my video. Please, only view this unusual geologic feature from my video, and NOT in person.
I guess they ignored the “if you have permission” part of the video. People have such disrespect for private land.
These videos are the gems in the magma of the internet.
industrial grade :)
The real gems are the friends we dig up along the way
The land and how and why it formed the way it did has always fascinated me. And the interesting information you bring up is always amazing and mind boggling to me. Thanks for even another great episode!
Well worded. I vibe with that hard.
@@ronfullerton3162 I’m glad that you enjoyed this episode. :)
For everybody who appreciates beautiful things for their beauty and not for how expensive they are, there are a lot of gemstones more beautiful than diamonds.
Agate😊
So true.
Diamonds are great for tools to cut real gems.
my Daughters name is
Amber 🥰
Oh yeah!!! And the market is full of them. I love Citrine! Carnelian, even altered quartz can have its beauty. I never knew I could afford Rubies until I looked around!!! ❤️
I'm an Arizona native, and never knew about that pipe up in the Four Corners region of the state. Fascinating! Thanks for all you do!
Also grew up in AZ and lived in and around Flagstaff/Sedona and never knew about it. Great clip!
typical
most don't have the skills for independent research.
there are doers, and lazy followers
#foodshortage
@@dr.floridaman4805 who are you ranting about?
Same. Phx born, raised and still residing. Never knew this existed here xD
Maybe Alan Palmer of YT channel "The Farm on Route 66" will take us video rock hounding one day . 😊
The presence of kimberlites does not always imply that diamonds are present. Or, if diamonds are present, they are typically not gem grade. For example, I prospected at several remote kimberlites in the upper peninsula of Michigan. Those kimberlites only contained infrequent microscopic industrial grade diamonds. However, the rocks did contain red garnets and olivine crystals.
Can you do pico de orizaba?
Could you make a video about Meteora ? I think it a very interesting geological oddity.
Can diamonds be brought to the surface and not be in a kimberlite deposits? Small diamonds were found in the stream bed near Ramona, California yet no kimberlite deposits are nearby. The source of the creek is near the gold mines in Julian, Ca.
Plz do pico de orizaba
@@oscarmedina1303 placer diamonds?
Arizona is an amazing place, stuff's always happening there. Hang out there for 100 million years and you're bound to see something interesting!
I'm ashamed to admit, I've been rebooting my years past of geology studies, by piggy-backing my blurred memories with your great site. Just subscribed, great content, superb visuals. Best informative 4 minute geology lesson I've ever experienced!
WOW !!!! This was most interesting and I instantly had to subscribe . My father was a geologist in Australia before I was born. When he came back and I was born here in New Zealand as soon as I could go safely with him I was there always !!!! Some of the most beautiful memories I have with my dad were formed out there in the ruggard mountainous southern Alp's. I still hold dearly his geologist's hammer which was also his father's... You have inspired me and givin me gold fever again as after he passed away recently every thing was up in the air... Thank you for posting this most interesting content. You earned a subscriber. Great narrator, very inspiring, thank you from me way down under here in New Zealand 💌✨
Arizona has some real wonder's of the earth and the Navajo are a great nation.
Coming from Scotland UK ,I love the area around Page ,the geology, the Navajo culture , Glen canyon ,lake Powell ,beautiful scenery! If I could live there I would !
I really needed this in my life to interrupt the flow of news. Thank you.
So much easily digestible neat info in your videos, thanks
This geologist has always been fascinated by Kimberlite pipes. The speed of the magma movement from the upper mantle to near surface or surface is astonishing. That’s what preserves the high-pressure forms of these minerals like diamond and the eclogite facies minerals, garnet and omphacite. Omphacite is named for the Greek word for navel, omphalos, as indeed these rocks originate from deep in the earth.
This geologist sometimes wonders if they're not just making some of this 5HIT up. Do they truly know the speed of the magma? Do they really know the age of the rocks?
Reminds me of a guy that told me they use carbon dating on the rocks. Then he insulted me and called me stupid. When I told him carbon dating only works on organic and living material, he shifted his ignorance by saying, "well they know how old the rocks are. Maybe it's a special kind of carbon dating?"
Would it do any good to explain the 3 kinds of rocks in the rock cycle?
@@kevindouglas8768 Carbon dating also only works for relatively recent stuff. Basically human history timeframe. Not far enough back to be all that relevant for geology. Although radioactive elements can be used for dating rock formations, assuming any are present in the area.
With the knowledge I've gathered I wonder in parallel alot of things. Like when crude oil is boiled, it separates up a pipe into different components. Kerosene, diesels, gasses of various levels and qualities. I thought that when the magma vents were open to air exchange, like steam, they began to collect elements growing ,pressuring and separating everything like gold ,silver ,diamonds. Nice to learn the diamonds were deep and flowed up. Like all the elements the key player is water and pressure and aa place to release was my compression. So I appreciate epiphanies
The first time I went to Arizona in the early 90s I was amazed by the landscape. Down around the San Carlos area, It looked prehistoric, Very beautiful yet empty, void of life. You could imagine dinosaurs roaming. I am from the East by the way and have never seen anything like that
I live in Az, but you should try exploring southern Utah!!! Incredible.
Awesome geology !
Thank you for taking the time to share this info with us .
Learned a bit more today, again many thanks and another like for you !
That is huge, I've been researching a small volcano with several little hills that were built by volcanic action around the rim. However it's not on the list of extinct volcanoes. One of those little hills on the rim I believe was a kimberlite pipe. I haven't found anything like gemstones yet but I haven't really inspected that part thoroughly
Yes yes yes , cool video !!! Kimberlite tubes ,, are the coolest.
I just love your work. This is one of my favorite channels 🏆
Here is a topic for you. When the Mississippi river flowed backwards following the great New Madrid quake, where did that water go? How far back did the water flow? Did go underground somewhere near New Madrid? Have geologists found any massive submersed cave systems connected to the Mississippi river?
Thank you for your wonderful content and great work!
A lot of land in the New Madrid area dropped in elevation to the point where there are swamps even today where none existed before. Some of the backflow water remained in these areas. But your assumption that some entered and remained underground in new crevasses and caves also may be true. In either case once these areas were full the water reversed back to normal flow in a surge much like a tide reversing.
@@xenon54 Thank you so much! Do you know anything about the salinity of these swamps, or even better, their salinity changes over time? Do you know and good resources on the topic?
@@garbleduser I don't know if Gulf of Mexico waters made it that far north. The Mississippi River south of the New Madrid fault has a vast volume that could more than able fill in the New Madrid quake deformations.
But if not, the natural fresh water dispersion in a short amount of time would have "washed away" the salts.
What salt water that may have entered the area wasn't left isolated to dry up and leave salt deposits like those found in the Mediterranean basin. The Mediterranean never had the option for fresh water to flush out its salts. Instead it dried up several times in episodes (known as the Messinian Salinity Crisis) for previous millions of years. These drying up periods caused vast salt deposits to accumulate. These deposit layers are with us to this day.
But who knows. Perhaps a exploratory drill site in the New Madrid fault area may find saline water that was trapped and isolated from the Gulf of Mexico during the quakes of 1811-1812.
Nice info, Thanks Geology hub
PLEASE look into the huge circular feature in North Klamath County Oregon, it is South of Newberry Crater, slightly NE of Crater Lake and West of Hole in the Ground which it dwarfs. Look at Google Earth at the right elevation and it is clear as day and dwarfs Crater Lake. What is it? I do not believe it is some super volcano crater, I suspect it is actually a slight rise instead? but on a massive and almost perfect circular form.
That’s Yamsay Mountain. It’s a shield volcano and the circular thing north of the main mountain looks like a combination of a lava flow and cinder cone activity. I can see 2 cinder cones in the circular area.
There are TONS of obscure, ancient (although still Cenozoic) calderas around eastern Oregon. An old rockhound showed me one of 'em on a map, you'd never know it was there otherwise. Not sure what caused all of that and they always seem to be rather forgotten about. Might be related to the Columbia Flood Basalts, as those had an effect on northeastern Oregon and were markedly different than the main bit over in Washington. Either way I'm almost certain the high volumes of caldera volcanism there are responsible for the unusually high concentrations of thundereggs in the region. Shame that nobody ever bothers with them though.
Thank you for your clear presentation. Good graphics.
I didn't know any of this - thanks for always bringing us new things to learn!
Been binging your channel. Volcanoes and geology are fascinating to me and I love your content.
Also I might be visiting pacaya in Guatemala next year
how do you "bing" a channel ???
Back in the 1980s, I did magnetic and gravity work on Pacaya. It's beautiful there!
@@craiglachman1379 that's incredible! I'd love to hear more about it
@@rhuephus think “binge” instead…
Absolutely fascinating I always wondered about garnet stones Thank you for this video and I can't wait til the next one
But the largest Diamond bearing kimberlites are possibly the ones situated in the FalC Kimberlite Field in the Fort á la Corne forest in central Saskatchewan, Canada! The main kimberlite field is approximately 30 kilometers long with the primary kimberlite pipes ranging in size from about 1 kilometer wide to approximately 3 kilometers wide at the surface!
Wow, great video. So factual and to the point. Thanks.
If the ascent of kimberlite magma takes a few hours, would it make these systems particularly dangerous as we haven't seen such an event in historical times?
This is correct. Also, we wouldn’t really be able to order and carry out an evacuation in that short timespan. Kimberlite eruptions would be deadly and are always plinian
What is last word you used geohub " pinolan "
Plinian
The flood basalts of eastern WA are massive. Burried nearly half the state.
@@KS-hj6xn Not really connected to kimberlites at least not directly but yeah flood basalt eruptions aren't called that for nothing. And in reality the Columbia river flood basalts are relatively tiny compared to typical flood basalts
This oddity probably is due to the Columbia river flood basalts originating not from the main plume head but from material trapped beneath the former crust of the underlying Farallon plate and piling up beneath the magmatically uplifted slab for well over 20 million years before it finally burst through. The resulting tear in the Farallon slab is still visible with seismic tomography giving weight to this hypothesis or something similar
A good and precise explanation of this phenomenon. The term "kimberlite" comes from the town of Kimberley, South Africa where diamonds were found in an arena of decayed kimberlite first, then in solid rock. According to geologists, diamonds would be pre-existing in the magma chamber. Thank you for this video!
I have been curious about this formation for years and I'm so happy to see your video about it :-) I was looking around the area on Google Earth and thought that's the weirdest looking crater or volcano and I wonder what it really is and you answered my question thank you so much :-)
Simple straight forward presentation, thank you?
Just imagine if the Devils Tower Wyoming was kimberlite. There would be nothing left in search of super compressed carbon crystals.
but it was just a tree...
Fascinating, thank you so much for informing me of this.
Love these videos, really informative and Geology Hub is my favourite. What do the various types of lava tell us about the source of the magma? Is it homogeneous but modified through its transition through the crust, or are the ‘clouds’ of magma deep below the crust that have different compositions?
I lived in Arizona for many years before moving to the Philippines and wasn't aware of this Kimberlite Pipe. Thanks for what you do.
Hey. Recently I real an article saying that the Tonga explosives eruption reached a 6 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. If this IS factual. Would you make a video explaining how scientists determined this measurement on this unique eruption type.
Great information 👍
Thanks
Fantastic Scenery & a very interesting Video 👍
I’m glad that you enjoyed it! This kimberlite is one of the lesser known geologic oddities in the state
Could you do a video on castle rock in Scotland which is in Edinburgh Castle the rock it sits on is a volcanic plug
That was awesome I never knew anything about that volcanic eruption in Arizona keep up the great work love your videos thank you for doing my requested episode on gemstones thank you I never knew about that kimberlite explosion in Arizona very interesting good job peace out
You never heard of volcano eruptions in Arizona because it's not from any volcano, they are just filling the void with lies that are easily believed.
Anytime academia diverts from the truth, it's always replaced with "volcano" .
The truth is, people can't handle the truth about this planet before you and I, you are not allowed to know the truth.
I don't want to tell you about the truth because you are not ready for it, it'll change your entire perspective of the world.
Mind blowing at least
Great work, thank you.
I like when you teach us about the origins of the gems 💎😺💎
You like it when they tell you lies, the truth is , they are not telling you the truth but you don't know anything different so you accept it as truth.
Most can't handle the truth
Academia has lied about our past to keep things in working order for the controllers to stay in control of humanity.
The original inhibitor of this world will blow your mind and make you see that world very different from your perspective now.
The truth hurts to accept
Fascinating thank you
i find more and more reasons every day to be grateful that i’m a geology student in arizona
I started watching this video and was pleasantly surprised to see an arial photo of the open pit mine in which I work, thanks!
Those peridots are freakin' huge!
Mahma that rose that fast must have depressurised so fast, it would have been fizzing!
Thank you: interesting and informative! Have you made any videos about other gemstones or semi-precious stones? I’m thinking of the Navajo fondness for turquoise.
Interesting info👍
Great video thank you
I've lived in Arizona most of my life but I've also seen a great deal of the world while I was in the NAVY but Arizona has always been the best place that I've ever lived in!!!
Same with my husband, and he lived Arizona too. We live in York PA now and our house is full of amazing treasures he found there!
I'll drink to that.....
Thank you for Sharing Geology Hub! ❤️ 🌎.
Love ❤️. Shared on MeWe ❤️. Shared on Facebook ❤️. Saved on CZcams ❤️.
That is amazing!
Question: how did the shallow subduction of the Farallon plate lead to a kimberlite pipe? The shallow subduction and proposed roll-back of the Farallon plate is the assigned cause of so many of the features we find in the western US. It's always confused me as to how deeper mantle material could have erupted if the Farallon plate was situated between the North American plate and the upper mantle material. The rollback is invoked to allow hotter material to cause volcanic activity, however this video does _not_ show the rollback. (Prior videos have shown the rollback to explain some of the volcanic activity in the western US.)
Wishbi had answer but after watching nick zenter an guessing roll back sucks deep mantle in to void above lower plate and moisture from lower plate catalyzed mantle into magma that then quickly burned its way through contental plate with out picking up much silica from remelt crust
I personally think the "flat subduction" idea is bunk. What makes more sense to me is the idea that large land masses tend to insulate the magma underneath them, and eventually the heat just starts melting the crust. Consider the break up of Pangea, and the Atlantic ridge (the rift). I think the Rockies had the potential to be a continental rift, but either could not get hot enough, or the stresses on the NA plate changed. The Rockies did experience uplift followed by spreading after all, and Karen Sigloch has imaged the subducted plates sinking in the mantle.
in your opinion, how did the rockies got uplifted and how do you explain folds with west-east compression found in western US?
Mantle plumes
This looks like an electrical discharge event caused these features. Because we haven’t captured one in the history books and because of how much it would unravel of what we’re teaching in mainstream science, it’s not even considered and investigated. It can easily explain some of the features and issues people are recognising here. It even includes the transmutation of elements, I.e. the creation of different elements and compounds that were not previous present. We think we’re so smart now that we can’t be repeating mistakes of the geocentric past. czcams.com/video/HdfBGqWpW5w/video.html
Very interesting discussion. I had always thought that kimberlite pipes were all Precambrian in age.
Thank you! I am a Native Arizonan and a rock hound. Yet I knew it nothing about this site. So cool! 😁☺️💎
Well done!
Diamonds diamonds 💎 lol. That's so awesome yes we have them here at Akati mines. I'm always amazed at your videos love them Thank you
I am obsessed with mantle xenoliths. Such a beauty.
Fascinating.
Amazing how these gems are formed . 🦉💛🧡💜
Nerds be liking this fast. Amazin’.
I live in Minnesota in the Iron range, I'd love to hear more about the formation of the Masabi Trail.
Thanks!
Outstanding work my friend. I wish to take one for the team and mention how it looks like a smiley face emoji.😉
Never knew this feature existed in my state.
I was wondering if you could explain where the Pagosa Springs Colorado hot springs come from and what is its source for the heating of the hot springs.
Have you ever done a video on the kiberlite pipes in northern Canada such as the mine at Diavik?
Would watch that one for sure!
I would like to know more about the "River of Stone" on the Northland Loop Trail of Dolly Sods Wilderness Area In West Virginia. I hiked it and have been fascinated by it ever since.
I cannot seem to locate the feature you are referring to. Instead I get results for a steakhouse
Well done, fries instead of baked, a icy corona
Like your show......
Let's do the Patomskiy crater. What's up with that thing?
Thank you
Wow. Just a few hours to reach the surface. I wonder why and how it could get in such a rush?
In the early 1980’s, my geology professor was a kimberlite specialist.
Cool, kimberlite in AZ, I didn't know. I'm in AR, have you done one on Murfreesboro?
Thanks again. What about Black Mesa? I flew over it years ago and it appeared remarkable. I think it is special to the Navajo.
I had found some kimberlite over 120 miles away near Barranger crater on one of my non- Barranger Meteorite hunts could it have come from this site or another
?
Love the video. However - if the plate is subducting at a shallow angle with the melted material forming volcanos - then how can magma from deep in the mantle get involved?
The graphic illustration is not accurate. Kimberlites form at much greater depths so they would have to blast through the subduction plate.
I see a serene and gracious face in the screenshot photo- spirit of the Kimberlite pipe, perhaps?
I have a question. You said that kimberlites form from deep in the mantle right? But then you said the video's kimberlite pipe originated from the Farallon Plate, the magmas from subduction don't come from so deep and they originate directly from the subducting plate, not from material from deep below. And more, the Farallon Plate was subducting in a very shallow manner, which makes things even more confusing
You pointed out some obvious errors.
enjoyed that
A suggestion for a video. I'm a retired geologist and was traveling Newfoundland a few years ago. At Gros Morne National Park, on the west side of Newfoundland, is an area known as the "Tablelands". It is described as one of only two places on earth (and the only place in North America) one can "walk on the earth's mantle." It is a weird, weird place. Serpentinite all over the surface. But for a few scrubby carnivorous plants feeding on black flies, it looks like the terrain the Mars Rover photographs. Tectonics was never my geologic focus, and the park person did not impress me with her explanation.
I am a novice science hobby person Pa NJ border. Going to visit the Ben Franklin geo science center in NJ maybe this week. I don't envy those folks being a geologist here. 3000 variations of 1 type is fibbing. I need a Spectro, all software. This old fashioned way needs to tech up. And keep some people quiet.
I viewed a video on the Bay of Islands Ophiolite exposed in Gros Morne National Park yesterday that was well done in terms of the photography, but the geology was wrong on several points. The dominant mantle rock is peridotite and peridotites contain more much magnesium than iron as a rule. Crustal igneous and metamorphic rocks contain more iron than magnesium.
The major error in the Tablelands video is that there over twenty-five places on Earth where the oceanic mantle is exposed. I listed the mantle exposures below, but I did not include all of the many ophiolites in Tibet and China and I did not did not distinguish between the two ophiolites in the Coast Range in California. To say that the mantle exposure in the Gros Morne National Park is the only place on Earth where anyone can "walk on the Earth's mantle" is a fundamental error.
Nineteen of the exposed mantle sections or ophiolites are: 1) Coast Range, California, USA, 2) Ultramafic rock sections near Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 3) Central Andes, Argentina, 4) Bay of Islands, Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland, 5) Lizard Complex, Cornwall, Great Britain, 6) Northern Apennine, Italy, 7) Troodos, Cyprus, 7) Central Eastern Desert, Egypt, 8) Semail, Oman and United Arab Emirates, 9) Naga Hills and Andaman, India, 10) Kohistan Arc, Pakistan, 11) Dangqiong, Tibet, 12) Zhongcang, Tibet, 13) Dongwanzi, China, 14) Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia, 15) Yakuno, Japan, 16) Horokanai, Japan, 17) Poroshiri, Japan, 18) Zambales, Luzon, Philippines, and 19) Dun Mountain, South Island, New Zealand.
@@alexriter278 Interesting comments. They are appreciated. I'm aware (though have not personally seen) what have been described as ophiolites as part of the exotic terranes of the Pacific Northwest and extending into SW British Columbia. Part of the "Baja BC" area first described in the early 70's if you are familiar with that. Odd thing, since I retired in 2014, I'm enjoying geology more than ever though it isn't nearly as profitable as "back in the day". Thanks again for the information.
@@alexriter278 Wow you sure know what your talking about. I live along pa nj border in a complex zone not discussed much. I find plenty of many desirable specimens then some.
I've been to the Meteor Crater. It is impressive. You feel so small. Especially when you realize how small this Crater is compared to other Earth based craters and ones on the Moon and Mars.
I'm sorry there was no clock to time this event. Did you publish this on April 1st?
Definite wow 💎💎
From an infrared spectroscopy standpoint, South African kimberlite is serpentine.
Interesting, didn't know about this one.
Also not very well known are several kimberlite pipes in Kansas. (All on private land)
I don't think the kimberlite magma originated deep enough in the mantle to bring up diamonds. From your video it seems that upper mantle minerals are the primary makeup of the kimberlite. If it had originated from a deep mantle plume, then it could have carried diamonds up with it.
In any case, it's fascinating to get a glimpse of the upper mantle make up.
Not ready made diam9 or cristal in a molten format only the diamond forming atoms came up forming diamonds as the magma cooled of slowly, only then the atoms can arrange themselves to forming diamonds 💎
@@josemeza7128 if diamonds formed closer to the surface (in cooling magma) the pressure wouldn't be sufficient and you'd just get graphite.
@@josemeza7128 pressure makes diamonds, no pressure no diamonds
can you please do a video on the volcanic and geologic are of upstate NY known as the Adirondaks? i love the geology here and Im an amateur rock hound but ive got a fair collection of Garnets, Quarts and pyrites
Rodger from Muddfossil University would be all over this explaining exactly what it is!
Thank u from northern Arizona not far from the site say 50miles! I'm an ametuer rockhounder (sad, I know!) but I've always wondered what that green crystal was. It's all over the place in volcanic rock in east flagstaff forest.
Geologic oddity: Stone Mountain, GA. Please!
Without the hideous carving that the racist 🤬 person carved on it that made Mount Rushmore
What do you think the Eye of Africa was ? Some geologic feature ? Thank you for your video's.
luvin' it
I seem to recall a town in Europe, Germany possibly, that the buildings are all built of cut quarried nearby that is full of small diamonds. Are you familiar with this town and is the rock possibly from a Kimberlite Pipe? Nordlingen, Germany.
Can you do one on table top mountain.
Volcano south of Phoenix Arizona
Have you covered Tassili n'Ajjer?
Would you please explain the Kermadec Plate? It divides the North Island of NZ in 2 and the edge passes thru our big Calderas. How might its presence effect NZ when the big Australia/NZ plate moves. Thank-you.
The video says the magma was from melt from the shallowly diving Farallon Plate. This would suggest the magma's origin was from no deeper than about 100 or so km. Then you attribute the low silica content to the magma's deep mantle origin, or maybe 2500 km. Can you clarify? Thanks
I just read about a volcanic park getting destroyed by a fire in Arizona. The article was called tunnel fire destroys volcanic park which confused me until I read it and it said it was called the tunnel fire, not in a tunnel under a volcano. I hope you're far from that fire and safe!
The fire is in the San Francisco Peaks area of Arizona. The Tunnel fire started on the north side of the Peaks but spread north and east, eventually affecting Sunset Crater to the east. If anybody knows why it is named "Tunnel Fire" I haven't heard it.
Listen to what you are saying, a fire can destroy something that was created by supposedly volcano that is thousands of time hotter than fire ??? Amazing
You must not believe that a volcano ever existed in that area, where is the volcano now ???
Volcanoes don't just disappear, just like the Pyramids, they never disappeared.
Please, find the Volcanoes in Arizona and if you can't then you are believing what ever you are told and that is miserable way of gaining knowledge.
Academia and science are one and the same, they can't tell you the truth about this planet or they would be fired.
They don't believe in God but you believe everything that they say, Whhyyyy ???
@@NOTTHASAME No, that is not what I was saying.
Please explain Thumb Butt outside of Prescott AZ