10 Countries With Very Different Real Names Compared to Their English Names (What is the Cause?)
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- čas přidán 15. 06. 2024
- Let's talk about Endonyms & Exonyms. In this video, we'll look at 10 countries with very different native names compared to their English names and look at the reason why.
🕒[TIMESTAMP]🕒
0:00 Introduction
0:38 Endonym & Exonym
1:24 The Real Name of Greece
2:44 The Real Name of Germany
3:00 The Real Name of Hungary
3:11 The Real Name of Egypt
3:36 The Real Name of Persia
4:08 The Real Name of India
4:56 The Real Name of China
5:47 The Real Name of Japan
6:49 The Real Name of South Korea
7:33 The Real Name of North Korea
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Recently, Turkey had changed its name to Turkiye. Do you think that all countries should be called by their Endonym?
Definitley!
@@caspian9502 No. I can't stand anglophones butchering Deutschland. Just call us "Germany".
Exonyms exist for a reason, I think that's fine. You can't expect every person to learn the phonetics of every single language in the world to pronounce the country names correctly. I'm Russian and it doesn't bother me much that practically no one calls it "Rossiya".
Yes , definitely .
Well it depends if one can at least speak it correctly. Though exnonyms are better to use for expedience sake.
Finland's called Suomi, despite nearly everyone around the Finns calling them some form of variant of the word: "Finland."
what does Suomi mean?
isn't it from Swedish? fin land, good land, as Finland used to be part of Sweden for 700 years, they may well spread that name.
I'm not Finnish but I am aware enough of Finns being called Suomi. I actually anticipated it in this video and thought I could get some more on it there 🤔
@@EmpEcropEco Correct me if I'm wrong but I apparently read in some BBC article a long time ago that the real term's origin is unknown?
Aside from Sweden and Russia, Finland's neighbors, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, as well as the Sami speakers to their North (which would include the Norwegian/Finish border area I didn't forget Norway), all use words similar to "Suomi."
But as is already said, Swedes are surely the reason why Finland is the word most of the world uses.
Fun fact:
Bharat means spice in Turkish which makes sense considering the fact that spice route related to India
Interesting. It's like in the English language porcelain/plates/vases are called china because the English people initially imported them from China.
@@slomo4672 :)
@@icheckedavailability India means Hindistan. But there is some langue rule there. Hindu-istan becomes Hindistan to pronounce it better. So we call the country by the race name, and add -istan; Like many many countries does so.
It's actually baharat
Except the name Bharat and India originate outside of India, etymologically. Even Hindistan refers to the Indus river bed.
Special mention: "Bhutan". In its native Dzongkha, it's "Druk Yul". But "Bhutan" sounds Asian so most people just assume that's its native name.
This is what I found in the Wikipedia -
The precise etymology of "Bhutan" is unknown, although it is likely to derive from the Tibetan endonym "Böd" for Tibet. Traditionally, it is taken to be a transcription of the Sanskrit Bhoṭa-anta "end of Tibet", a reference to Bhutan's position as the southern extremity of the Tibetan plateau and culture.[29][30][31].
@@devashisdas5024 In Southeast Asia, virtually every country name has a Sanskrit or Pali origin, except for Vietnam and the Philippines, which are Chinese and Spanish names, respectively.
Although "Burma" is from Sanskrit, while "Myanmar" is from Chinese; same thing with the "Andaman" (Chinese) or "Nicobar" (Sanskrit-Tamil) Islands.
@@Suite_annamite Vietnam's ancient name was Champa. A Sanskrit name.
@@devashisdas5024 *Champa wasn't "Vietnam"* , but *a separate Indianized state* along the coast south to the Vietnamese, that Vietnam later conquered. *Champa was a Sumatran colony* , so really if you want, it was an *offshoot of Indonesia.*
@@Suite_annamite no Myanmar and Burma are the same word I don’t think Myanmar is Chinese since it is called 缅甸 miǎndiàn. It could be partially transliteration like 三韓 as 韓國 nowadays S. Korea
Bharat sounds similar to the Hungarian word Barat which means Friend :) So India the land of friends yay! :D
🇮🇳 ❤ 🇭🇺
aww so sweet :)
Barat also have many meanings
Hello 👋 Franz Liszt
In turkish baharat means spice bruhh
Also something for bros from the west side... In Chinese, most of the Western nation's name will also be follow the same trend as well, but some will be know for their Endonym in stand of Exonym...
The most common example will be...
Greece = 希臘 - Xi La - How Chinese try to says Hellas.
Germany = 德意志 - De Yi Zhi - How Chinese try to says Deutsche. But now the name has often been shorten to simply De Guo, which still stand for "The Country of Deutsche" but is shorter in verbal or writing.
Spain = 西班牙 - Xi Ban Ya - How Chinese try to says Espana.
Roman = 羅馬 - Luo Ma - It actually spells Roma, that is how Italian calls Rome.
But some others get their Country's name by mixing their Country name with their location, for example...
Island/Iceland - 冰島 - Bing Dao - Icy Island
Interesting
As a person who can speaks Cantonese this is true.
@@jascrandom9855 Chinese translation is a mess. New Zealand is 新西兰 xin xilan because 新 means new in Chinese; yet New York is 纽约 Niu Yue because NEW is NIU. Iceland is 冰岛 bingdao icy island, but Greenland is 格陵兰Gelinglan
Cool! Thanks!
hi, how about :
Algeria - al-Jazāʾir in arabic.
Alternate theory on name India -
It is said that land between Himalayas and Indu Sagar(Indian Ocean) is Bharat in scriptures.
Name Bharat has 2 more sources apart from King Bharat. King Bharat Wasa wise and just ruler. When time came to choose his heir. He found none of his 9 sons to be capable. So he selected a capable person and adopted that person as his heir.
1)1 name for Goddess of learnings in scriptures is Bharati .
Bharat where given name to emperor bharat bharat is derived from Bharati emperor was given name of this great land
Interestingly we Indians call Egypt with their native name, though the pronunciation changes with different languages, like Misor, Misrra, Misre. Reason maybe because we had ancient ties with them before english came here.
And one more thing, the Bharat was not used to mention only northern India but also most of the subcontinent, Bengal in the east, tamiz kingdom in the south, Himalayas in the north and khaibar pakhtun in the west.
The northern India used to be called as aryabarta and south as dakhinatya. You may have confused with that
There is actually a verse in Vishnu Puran which says the land north of the ocean and south of the Himalayas is called bharat.
We even call greece as yunnan
I am sure the Egyptian name was brought to you via Farsi (Muslims)
@@wavemaker2077 Im pretty sure barat came from "Barato" which means cheap in Spanish.
@@uranus8308 the name was Bharata even before spanish existed.
Germany has another popular group of exonyms next to variations of "Germania" in variations of "Alemannia" for romance languages such as French (Allemagne) based on the Alamannic subcategory of Germanic tribes. The Alemannic language group nowadays is an area from Alsatian, to Swiss over to Swabia. The baltics also use variations of "Saxon" for exonyms (like Saksa for Finnish).
Don't forget that Slavic languages have yet another different exonym base for Germany. Real funny how that happened.
And Poland uses "Niemcy", which is something like "Mute People" or "People Speaking Incoherently", because the Slavs call themselves "People of the Word", so in the past they differentiated nations based on language
In Germany we sometimes use the words Germanen or germanisch. But we mean either all modern germanic nations/ countries or our ancestors in tribal age .
Goots or gote are gor man they were originally from old Persia gor (means wilderness farm jungle ).Gorman or German means hunter also grammar.also strong and handsome.
@@abolhassannejati997 : There are in Ostsee/ Baltic Sea(?) two islands , in german called ,Gotland' and ,Bornholm'. As far as i know, the Goths came from Gotland and the Burgundians from Bornholm.
Interesting! Just to clarify, the exonym "Hungary" is used because Europeans erroneously associated Hungarians with the Huns, since the Huns invaded the same Pannonian plain.But Magyars came later and have different origins from the Huns.That's why the exonym and the endonym for this country are very different.Also, I think the English word "Japan" more probably comes from Hokkien, not Wu, because in Hokkien it's "Jit-pun" which is closer to the English pronunciation than "Zip-pon".
I've listened in on a discussion about this the other day, and if I recall correctly, it's a common misconception, that the name Hungary came from associating with the Huns. They said, the name rather derived from the name of several tribes of the Ugric people or Ungari, that settled Pannonia before, and were themselves different from the Huns and probably the Magyar people.
Interesting. Nevertheless, when the Spaniards, lead by Columbus, sailed across the Atlantic Ocean, they were seeking to reach Cathay (China) and Cipango (Japan). Cipango sounds closer to Zipangyu (the name given by Marco Polo). So it looks like at that time, end of 15th century, the Hokkien name you mentioned, Jit-pun, was not yet used by Europeans.
We still call Hungary "magar" in Arabic tho..
just to clarify your explanation of Hungary is incorrect.
"Hungary" comes from the Latin Ungri which in turn comes from byzantine Greek "Oungroi" which is a word borrowed from old Bulgarian which means Ten Tribes of the Ogurs. This is a reference to the tribal confederacy that the Magyars (and other tribes that became the Hungarians) were part of while they lived in the Asian steppe prior moving into the Carpathia basin,
The Onogurs (ten Ogurs) were yet another confederacy of horse nomads who were contemporary with the Huns but outlasted them. After the collapse of the Hunnic empire/horde, the remaining Huns (who were multi-ethnic) were absorbed into the Bulgars and other steppe tribes that were migrating from east to west at the time.
May guard is named after a settlement of magus or mags or magys or maja from
Funny, "Bharat" sounds exactly like "Barat" means "west" in Indonesian....... Well technically India in in west of Indonesia
Bharat also means 'spices' in Arabic. Guess now I can see the connection
Indo = India in Greek; Nesia = Islands in Greek. Indonesia = Indian Islands in Greek. 😆
@@louvendran7273 Yeeeaaaah many European in 16th century belived Indonesian and Indian are the same.
Again the European at that time called native American as "Indian" too
@@FeverAmbone105 the wanted to find india so started calling any land they came across as india lol
@@byron-ih2ge including America (in reference to its natives)
Very interesting video but one correction.
4:48 The name Bharat was not for only northern part but for almost whole of subcontinent.
In Vishnu Puran, which is an ancient Hindu text, it is written that the place North of the ocean (most probably talking about Indian Ocean) and the south of Himalayas is called Bharat.
Vishnu Puran*
@haha yeah no way our religion name is sanatan dharm, and country name bhartam or bharthvarsh
Interestingly, India was known as Bharata and Jambudweepa( the a at the end represent schwas at the end, mind you this is Sanskrit). Bharata was the first endonym used by Indians and Jambudweepa was the later one. Thais and Lao people call India as chompudweep, from Jambudweepa. Plus, there are Dravidian languages like Tamil and even, some Indo-aryan languages, which have names different from Sanskrit. For instance, the country of Sri lanka is known by:
Tamil( Dravidian language)- ilankai( pronounced ilangai)
Sanskrit( Indo-European)- Simhaļa( ļ is retroflex l)
Odia( Indo-European)- biļanka( the ļ is retroflex l)
Hindi( Indo-European)- singhala
In Hindi, they are the following endonyms,
Greece- Yunan( from Sanskrit Yavana from Greece's Ionia province)
Egypt- Misr
China- Chin
Russia- Rus etc.
This comment should be pinned.
@@Eren-da-Jaeger a lot of the comments in this section are very insightful and explanatory
How do you know so much about languages? Is there a course of something for it specifically? Or did you pick it up from internet?
Also Tibet - Tibbat
And instead of Chin it should be Cheen I think
Jambhudweepa means the world island. Yes the whole world not india alone
Wow, very good job explaining the Korea situation. South Koreans often don't say the full name of "The Republic of Korea - DaeHanMinGook", but rather just Korea "HanGook/HanGuk". What's interesting though is that Japan calls each Korea what they call themselves. Both Joseon and Hanguk are Hanja/Chinese character based words, so the Japanese use the same characters in Kanji.
🇯🇵 Japan:
North Korea = 朝鮮/ちょせん = ChoSen (Joseon)
South Korea = 韓国/かんこく = KanKoku (Han Nation)
🇰🇷 South Korea:
Korea = 韓国/한국 = HanGook (Han Nation)
North Korea = 北韓/북한 = BukHan (North Han)
South Korea = 南韓/남한 = NamHan (South Han)
🇰🇵 North Korea:
Korea = 朝鮮/조선 = ChoSun (Joseon)
North Korea = 北朝鮮/북조산 = BukChoSun (North Joseon)
South Korea = 南朝鮮/남조선 = NamChoSun (South Joseon)
*Note: Format is as follows
Country = Chinese Character/Native Character = Pronunciation (English Equivalent word)
ad：Dae大 Han韩 Min民 Gook国
Dae - great
Min - people/rpublic/democratic
Gook- country/state
A couple more interesting examples:
- Africa was the name the Romans gave to their possessions in what is now Tunisia, Libya, Algeria (i think there was a tribe they called the Afri in the area, and they used the name for Africa Proconsularis once they conquered Carthage).
Nowadays, though, the term "African" immediately brings up the thoughts of South-Saharan, black Africa (whether West or East or South), and the Magreb is seen as an anomaly, not fully fitting of the name.
- More interesting is the evolution of the use of the name "Asia". I think it first came up in Hittite records, referring to these people on the Aegean coast of what is now western Turkey, the Asshuwa. The Romans picked up the name from the Greeks, used it to describe their most eastern posessions, but also in general the lands beyond (Parthia, India... You have the famous split by Ptolemy into Europe, Libya, Asia, with the Greek heartland sort of in the middle).
Nowadays, say the word "Asian" in the US, and most will think of East Asia. Do that in the UK, and it often refers to South Asia. Both these regions have adopted the term heartily, and again it's the Middle East that is seen as the odd one out, even if the term originates there.
In both situations you have exonims that get to be adopted by the locals, either because there was not a general feeling of union beforehand, or no generally accepted terms. Adopting external terms can at first be without the rich cultural historical baggage, but it soon gets to develop highly personal meanings. Let's not forget that the Greeks didn't initially refer to themselves as Europeans, but they are now at the core of that identity.
The north Africa of then was dark skinned tho.specificalythe moors am I wrong? And the continent was called Aethiopia and the Atlantic was called Aethiopian sea (land of the dark skin) the name Africa is a relatively recent after the the 16th century.
@@mikyas392 I know the Romans did call the land Africa, so the term is indeed ancient. I am unsure of what was common in Greece before them - i have seen maps based on Herodotus' writings that call the continent Libya... Same Herodotus seems to have described Aithiopia as the land of the dark skinned Nubians and those further south.
Regarding whether ancient Maghrebians were darker skinned, i don't know myself. Weirdly, the Greeks and Romans seem to be surprisingly colour-blind in general.
But i work with Tunisian colleagues, and one thing i noticed is that they are proud of their diversity, and see all as people of the land, native to it. My personal opinion is that the punic and roman elites, and later the arabs, couldn't have changed the ethnic landscape that much - you don't see a big change if you look at the lands of the Mauritanians or Numidians. I think people have looked more or less the same for a while there, and given the big barrier of the Sahara for the past 7000 years or so, it might make sense.
@@mikyas392 The South Atlantic yes, usually from the bend of Africa around Liberia. Having ancient North Africans as "dark skinned" in the sense of sub-Saharan Africans is too broad- it would have had a similar mix of populations to today. Look at how broad the visible appearance of Berbers can be even today.
The actual term for the "Middle East" is West Asia.
@Hammam Hraisha exactly, most people think that north Africa is westernised or their current inhabitants are not native simply bec they are not all dark skinned when the ancients themselves regarded themselves light skinned, and it's not like they were colorblind or had limited pastes since they recorded nubians as dark skinned. So the idea that current north africans are not native but are the colonisers' descendants just bec they are not black, is incredibly weird. What even assumed that all Africans were black? Not all of Asians look the same . You got India living beside China and they look absolutely different. Heck even Russia is Asian . Not to mention gene tests and scientists have stated that current north Africans have native North Africans' genes but have a mix of genes from all around the world due to invasions. The entirety of the world was colonised and invaded yet only north Africans get their identity erased . Also despite the invasions and being arabtized , they still have part of their cultures not erased . You got west north Africa like Morocco and Algeria having their native ancient languages mixed with their dialects that arabs don't even understand them. You got egypt still celebrating pharaonic days like sham el neseem and eating ancient native Egyptian food like ful medames , falafel and feseekh .... and this applies to the entirety of north Africa
As a Malaysian Chinese, I'm so surprised when you mentioned Jepun in our national language.
Cool History Bros, definitely cool and awesome
The pic used is the Japanese textbook used in our secondary school...
Jepun in Malay language actually came from Hokkien dialect of Chinese
How the hell is it that it went from Nippon/Nihon (JP) and Riben (CN) to like Jepun (MY) and Jepang (Indonesia) and Japan (EN)
@@shanedoesyoutube8001 based on Han Chinese characters, different dialect different pronunciation.
Evolution of pronunciation of the word 日本 (nippon/nihon):
Middle Chinese (Tang dynasty): ngit puen
Early Mandarin (Ming dynasty): dzhit pun
Modern Mandarin: ri ben
Hakka: ngit pun
Hokkien: jit pun
Cantonese: yat pun
Interesting how western neighbours name their eastern neighbours! Greece chosen Iran's name, Iran chose india name,india chose China's name and China chose Japan's name 🤣
Roman choose greek name, its just stopped there, at Roma
Some variations in Countries name as we pronounce them in India(Hindi)
Russia - Roose
China - Cheen
Greece - Yunan
Egypt - Misr
yunan just makes me think of yunnan
Greece same in Turkish. We call Greece ''Yunanistan'' in Turkiye.
@@codeine9386 turks might have got that from india because yunna was used in sanskrit before per islamic invasion during vedic times
Indians call Egypt as a Misar,for Iran Persia, Greece as a Yunan
🇮🇳🧡🇪🇬🇮🇷🇬🇷
And indonesian call egypt as Mesir, and Greece as Yunani
@@oppaganang5351 India and Indonesia have a same culture and same history Before the Islam
@@oppaganang5351 In indian old books call Indonesia as a Java-Sumatra
@@indianreactiontime7446 woow java and Sumatra both are main island of indonesia
@@indianreactiontime7446 indonesia was part of india before the fact people of indonesia still have sanskrit names even tho they are muslims haha
There is also
Morocco = Al Maghrib
Armenia = Hayastan
Jordanie = Al Ordon
Palestine = Philistine
Algeria = Al Jazair or Dzair
And more and more .
There is also countries who have names of other countries . Like modern Mauritanie who got the pre islamic name of morocco (mauretania) from France and ghana who got the name of a medieval empire in Mali also from france. Belgium named after a gallic tribe guess where again ? In france .
But some of those are just so close with their English names though.
Like Palestine and Algeria
georgia too.
georgia = sakartvelo
@@drejade7119 specially Palestine it doesn’t get closer than that
@@drejade7119 Morocco and Maghrib have different meaning
Morocco come from Marrakesh and it means The land of the god
Maghrib mean the Western lands
Albania too
Albania = shqipëri
For some countries we have a different name used in India, for eg.
China: we call it Cheen
Great Britain: we call it Birtania
United Arab Emirates: Sanyukt Arab Amirat
Russia: Roos
India: Hindustan or Bharat
USA: Sanyukt Rashtra Amrika
Palestine: Philistin
Egypt: Misr
South Africa: Dakshni Afrika
dakshin is just the hindi word for south
Sina is the ancient Sanskrit name for china in India
* Great Britain : looters
Just kidding
Bro,Hindustan is also a foreign word.
I mean,used by Pakistan and Middle east.
@@sdk6247 Vilayat is a Hindi world for "foreign" any foreigner is called as vilayati in hindi
So glad that someone mentioned how many countries call themselves and how different cultures and language can adopt and perceive it differently for mostly historical reasons. In Greece people call France "Γαλλία" ( Gallia) or (Ghallia) aka Gaul . This has probably habve to do with two different things:
1. The Greeks or to be more precise the Greek world knew about the existence of Gauls (note the Gauls belong to the celtic group of Indo-European people) long before the conquest of them by Rome, through trade in Gaulish territories or Hellenic cities in modern France example being Massalia (Marseille). Then also Alexander the Great made some peace negotiations with the emissaries of Gaulish tirbes, to not attack the then unified mainland Greece of King Phillip and Alexander, so of course through sciptures and writings Gauls started to became more known to the Greeks.
2. There was a Gaulish aka Celtic invasion of modern mainland Greece in 279BC after Alexanders death , so yeah the Greeks also fought them and won and managed to repell most of them to Anatolia. Fun fact, this event had the second of the eight(yes eight) battles of Thermopylae throughout the history of Greece.
3. After the conquest of Greece by the Romans, when the Romans also conquered Gaul after that,they also called all the people there Gauls, so the name stayed till now in Greece.
And yes i know that the Gauls were also not a unified people,civilization but it is the same thing for the Scythians mentioned in the video.
I think that's it's more about the Franks being involved in the 4th crusade and the Sack of Constantinople...
4:51 it's incorrect.
Even in Ancient South Indian, they used to call India as "Bhaaratham" or "Bhaaratha Bhukhandam" as per my research and even today they use word Bhaaratham to describe India just like North Indians use Bhaarath to describe India.
Btw kuddos to the level of research you did and hats off to you,but I'd appreciate if you make a slight bit of the change. For the rest I'd say they're accurate. Best of luck and keep making such educational videos. Love from India ♥️🇮🇳
Yeah,they all have the exact same meanings.
Bharat was called as the land between Himalaya and Indian ocean.
Eastern and Western border description is always a bit fazy because of obvious geographic reasons i.e theres no clear border distinction in those directions. However in west the border was somewhat east of Indus and along tge east it was even more murky but somewhat east of bengal province.
before it was called as bharthvarsh the the word bharth remaind constant and surffix went on changing
I just realized that the word Bharat / Barata is translated as "婆罗多" in ancient Chinese, a common term in Buddhist texts which I previously had no idea what it really means...
In India Greece is called Yunan. Greece and Indian relation goes to 2000 years back. Our great emperor Chandragupta Maurya defeated Greek and then also married to the daughter of Selucus Niketor , an ambassador of Alexander ( Sikandar in Hindi) to establish peace between Greek and India.
About Hungary. Counterary to popular belief, the name does not come from the Huns. In the 8th century there was a Khanate over the Black Sea, modern Crimea, Ukraine. It was called the Khazar Khanate. Hungarians were a mix of tribes who were vassals to the Khazar Khan. The Khazars called them on ogur, meaning ten tribes in Turkic. This got transitioned into Byzantine Greek as Ongri, this was adopted by the latin speaking world as Hongri, which formed into Hungary in english, Ungarn in German and Weigry in Polish.
Altough the people who met the Hungarians personally use their real name, like Serbs, Croats, Slovenes use Madar, Anatolian Turks use Macar and so on.
The term Magyar has debadet origins itself, but most linguists say it's a Uralic word, meaning the son of men.
WEll the Magyar language is identified as a URalic one, along with Suomi (Finnish), Eesti, and Sami
@@ZakhadWOW
The classification is finno-ugric the Finns, Sami, and Estonians are finnic while Uralic is a subgroup of the Ugric group which includes Samoyed, Ostyak and some even hypothesised that the Yeniseic and Ket languages split from proto-Uralic.
Finns have as much in common with Uralic Languages as English has with Russian or Italian with Swedish. They come from the same origin but the gap is drastically huge.
@@user-gy5er6wh2j Uralic is the biggest group. It contains Samoyedic and Finno - Ugric. Finno - Ugric contains Ugric, where Hungarian belongs. Altough in newer categorisations I also saw Ugric, Finnic and Samoyedic being considered groups in their own, being relatively the same distance from one another. That would mean that Uralic is the main group, and within that there are Samoyedic, Finnic and Ugric separately.
Note, Serbs used to call Hungarians "Ugri" and the country "Ugarska" but we call them/it today Mađari/Mađarska.
in india we have different races and one of them is chauhan , similar to that of han/huns and my mom is from chauhan family a royal rajput king, she is just too pale and people ask her weather she is indian xd
also the fact in hungary bharth means friend and ancient indian name is bharthvarsh in short bharth seems like we are related.
India has different names based on the different languages and communities. Some of them are Hindustan (Urdu), Bharatvarsh (Sanskrit), Vairam(Mizo).
Names of countries in my native tongue: Egypt:Aigupta, England:Sapram, Europe: Bilat, Burma:Kolram.
India is called by Greek.s
Hindustan is alll of north india and pakistan
Bharatvarsh is a name I thought it's a Sanskrit word for indian century
@@smileplease4412 naah. Ik you must have taken literally the meaning of varsh as year, but here it is different is bharatvarsh is a single word, its not bharat varsh
@@parth-ian5027 no actually its Persian, they gave us name Hindustan
When Romans were first beginning to enlarge their territory, there was a tribe called _Graikoi_ (in Greek; _Graeci_ in Latin) living in what we know as southern Italy, who spoke a form of the Greek language. The area came to be called _Magna Graecia_ by the Romans. Today the Griko people still live in southern Italy, speaking a form of Greek quite different than what is spoken in Greece today.
Very interesting.
I didn't know Greek was still spoken in what had been Magna Graecia (Ελλάδα Μεγαρα or Hellas Megara) - though I'm not surprised it's different from the language spoken in Greece as they have had two and a half millennia for the forms to diverge and modern English is a very different language from Old English after less than half that time.
You learn something new every day!
czcams.com/video/8-xFGjRTVqk/video.html
All Asia endonyms
Note that the English word Japan might not come from Marco Polo's Cipangu, because they might be different loanwords from different historical Chinese lanugages. I think the most reasonable explanation for Japan is Hokkien Chinese Jitpun→Malay Jepun→Dutch Japan/Portuguese Japão→English Japan.
why couldnt english take the word from Dutch? they seem to be spelled the same in your explanation
@@miniepicness because he's wrong. The dutch say Jipang/Tji pang,that'd how they introduce that worn to us indonesian. And we indonesian call it Jepang.
@@simplyyellow6240 And how does the Dutch came with the name Jipang?
@@EricChien95 don't know,probably from chinese merchant.
@@simplyyellow6240 Are you saying the Dutch called Japan "Jipang/Tji pang" in the past or saying they still call it "Jipang/ Tjipang" ? because as far as I'm aware it's called "Japan" in modern Dutch.
Don't forget the other two German countries, that also have altered Latin exonyms:
_Österreich,_ which means Eastern realm, but is better known by its Latin name _Austria,_ which means Southern land.
_Schweiz/Switzerland,_ which comes from the name of the canton of Schwyz, is aka. _Helvetic Confederation_ or _Confoederatio Helvetica,_ its Latin name
In Romanian we call Switzerland "Elveția", closer to its Latin name.
Austria does not derive from Latin for south though.
From wikipedia:
Österreich, derives from the Old High German word Ostarrîchi "eastern realm".
The name "Austria" is a latinization of German Österreich (that is, the spelling of the name Austria approximates, for the benefit of Latin speakers, the sound of the German name Österreich).
The name is seemingly comparable to Austrasia, the early middle age term for the "eastern lands" of Francia, as known from the written records.
That explains why Switzerland uses .ch top-level domain. It came from Confederatio Helvetica, and yup, designer of Helvetica font came from the country too!
Australia also means southern land
Suisse in French. German isn't the only language of Switzerland.
I think Norway is the only other European country outside Greece that actually uses Hellas.
In italy we don't use Hellas for Greece (it is always Grecia for us), but a Greek for us can be either a 'Greco' or an 'Ellenico' (even though this term is seldom used nowadays)
Very Interesting Video, Never knew about other countries that they also have different names for their own country.
BTW, Bharat was the original name of whole South-Asian subcontinent not just Northern Section.
Its kinda funny to me sience i am an indonesian and "bharat" or as we indonesian call it "barat" literally mean "west" in our language
@@ero6056 Yes I heard this fact a while ago!
BTW, India and Indonesia has many cultural links!
@@ero6056 ya cus india is to the west of indonesia.. Shows how close ties indonesia once had to india
@yesn't ya right
@@user-od2ko7zz6z indonesia was hindu country before islam converted them
Egypt is also known as Misr or a variant of that in many Indian languages.
In Serbian language Egypt was also called Misir (pronunciation is just like in the video) until the middle of XX century. Also, China was called Kitaj (I guess the English transcription would be "Khitay"), but I have absolutely no idea why and where that name came from.
In Bengali we call Egypt as Mishor in Bangladesh.🇧🇩
In Egypt we call India "Hind" and Germany "Almania" Greece "Yonan" Hungary "magr"
ya entire muslim world calls us hind derived from the persian" hind"
@@byron-ih2ge yeah it's all arabic not egypt
@@werren894 real egypt is long dead man
@@byron-ih2ge that is the point of the video if it's not dead it name wouldn't be replaced.
@@werren894 ya misra is now the native name of egypt ..shows u that the native civilization is 100 percent dead and that region got assimilated by arabs
In Indonesian, we called:
Greece= Yunani, refer to the word Ionia
Netherlands=Belanda, refer to Holland
England=Inggris, refer to English
Cambodia=Kamboja, refer to the name of a flower
Inggris is very similar to angreez or engraaz that is used by Indians in their local languages to call England.
@@dranzergigs8333 thanks, I just know it 😀
Indonesian also call Egypt as Mesir, Ivory Coast/Cotê d'Ivoire as Pantai Gading which is the translation of the country's name in Indonesian and also China as Tiongkok.
In Hindi also Greece is known as yunan
It is 'Yunan'....the people of Yunan were called 'yunani'
All these names must have travelled to Indonesia from the Hindi/Sanskrit Language.
Everyone else: nooo pls call us by our true name😢
Chad Iran: this is our name and you WILL call us by this name🗿
Gotta love Iran.
But... Isn't the Original religion of the Iranis being erased in history?
@@Rabbitr1 nop there is more than 200 thousand Zoroastrian around the world it's a minor religion but it's still there
@@nadershah5196 Most of them live in India though.
@@heatengine9283 yes but they are also persians
It doesn’t even have to be a great distance for this to happen. The Welsh name for Wales is Cymru, Wales comes from the Saxon word, ‘wealas’ which meant ‘foreigner’. Likewise, the Welsh word for England is Lloegr which may have come from an old word meaning ‘warriors’ or ‘lost land’.
In India we also called Iran = Paras, Egypt = Misr, Greece = Yunan, China = Chīn, 🌸💚
English- India
Hindi - Bharat
Urdu, Persian languages- Hindustan
Arabic language - Al Hind
Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Thai, Burmese, Philippines - Indou
Na. Indou or anything prefix "Ind" was termed by the Yavans (Greeks). For East, Far East and South East it were either "Jambudveep/champudveep" with "aryavart" or Plain "Barat/berata" (Similar to "Bharat")
Almost all major languages in india call it bharat except for urdu
@@nimrodbong8173 thanks 😊
Actually, what Chinese people call themselves, Zhongguo, doesn't really mean the Middle Kingdom as what many Westerners believe, but the Central Realm. There is a subtle difference between them. Guo in Chinese means realm or country rather than kingdom. (It reminds me of the difference between the German word Reich and the English word Empire)
I heard that, Zhongguo was a name ancient Chinese people (aka Huaxia people, what Huaxia people is for the modern Han Chinese is somehow alike what Hebrew people is for the Jews) used for their homeland. They migranted in all directions, which made their original home 'locating in the center'. That's the origin of this name. As time gone by, Zhongguo became the name for the whole realm of the Chinese people.
Small correction: In ancient Chinese, China was referred to by a variety of names. Usually the name of the dynasty is used, for example in the Tang dynasty people would call China "Da Tang" meaning the Great Tang (Empire). Other valid names include Zhongyuan (the central land/plains), Huaxia (name of the precursor tribal people of the Han), Hantu (land of the Han) etc.
Zhongguo is actually an abbreviation, and a relatively recent use (starting from the ROC 1912). A more appropriate translation would be "The nation of the central Huaxia people".
Republic of China: 中華民國 Zhonghua (central Huaxia) Min (people) Guo (nation)
People's republic of China: 中华人民共和国 Zhonghua (central Huaxia) Renmin (people) Gongheguo (republic)
@@user-wb7ez9ud4p It was already in use before 1912.
There is a direct translation though Empire=Imperium. Reich can have multiple meanings based on its history. Without a capital letter (reich) it suddenly becomes an adjective for rich. Which makes sense cause a Reich or realm usually belongs to a person, making him rich
@@daviddsun9702 Was not mainstream though.
@@user-wb7ez9ud4p 清朝應該是最早用「中國」作為官方國家代稱（在尼布楚條約）
4:58
In Germany we usualy call China Well China ( German pronounciatioan of course ) but a more "poetic" Name that is Sometimes used is "Reich der Mitte" (Empire of the midle )
a literal translation of the name Zhongguo
Chinese call Germany "德意志"(De yi zhi) also comes from German "Deutsch" rather than English
Some of Hindi (हिन्दी)/ Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्) names of countries:
•India - भारत (Bhārat/Bhārata)
•China - चीन (Chin/Cīna)
•Egypt - मिस्र (Misr/Misra)
•Greece - यूनान (Yūnān/Yūnāna)
•USA - संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका (Sanyukta Rājya Amerīkā)
•Russia - रूस (Rūs)
•Germany - शर्मण्यदेश (Sharmanya-desha)
•Cambodia - कम्बोजदेश (Kamboja-desha)
•Thailand - श्याम (Shyama)
•England - बिलायत (Bilayat)
•United Kingdom - संयुक्त राजशाही (Sanyukta Rajashahi)
• Myanmar - बर्मा/ब्रह्मदेश (Barmā/Brahmādesha)
•Palestine - फिलिस्तीन (Filistīn)
•Singapore - सिंहपुर (Simhapura)
•Malaysia- मलयद्वीप (Malayadvīpa)
•Philipines - कलिङ्गद्वीप (Kalingadvīpa)
•Vietnam - चम्पादेश (Champādesha)
Wo I didn't know many of them👍
इनमें से कई नाम हिंदी में इस्तेमाल नहीं किये जाते हैं।
In Burmese, we call China as Ta Yot (possibly from Ta Lu).
Germany had multiple exonym like Alemanni for Spanish, probably from one of the tribes during Roman era.
India has two real names, one is Aryavarta and the other is Bharat.
Hail Aryavarta 🚩
Hindustan too
@@christopherclark9569 The word Hindustan came from Persia.
Jamboodweep
@@vishwajithpuranik JambuDweep means Continent.
In middle east we call Greece "yoonan"!
And we call India "Hendoostan"!
Hindustan
In India too, we called the Greece " Yunaan".
Maybe it came from Middle East
@@thebestevertherewas the Greeks who conquered Asia minor in the ancient times ,starting with the Trojan war,were mainly from the Ionian speaking dialect of the Greek language. Hence the name Yoonan
@@thebestevertherewas Yes. The word "yoonan"(or yunan) is derived from "Ionia" and has a Persian structure. The Ionians were a group of Greeks living in Anatolia. In ancient Persia(iran), this name was given to all Greeks.
In Indonesia we call Greece "Yunani"
This reminds me of the country of Wales in Great Britain itself. Internally it's called Cymru meaning Countrymen in Cymraeg (Welsh) but everyone else calls it Wales from the Anglo-Saxon word Wealh meaning foreigner. Pretty ironic considering the Cymru are the natives while the Anglo-Saxons came from Europe.
I live in wales and this is true. And for whoever's interested Cymru is pronounced Cum-ree
Then of course there is old Cumbria in what is now Southwest Scotland/Northwest England which derived from the same origin - they are/were the "Northern Welsh" and give a good example of how a small distance can create changes in language
@@Sean-sn9ld so sadly danish german (anglo saxon) in last land of celtic race receive same fate to being repopulated by another race like what caesar did an genocide to celtic on Gauls at ancient times, even badly the truly last celtic fighter land (ireland) are being genocided by famine dirty tricks as well and forced fleet from their homeland to other country as slave, about 2 millions, but sorry if you oppose my point of view of celtic race journey since their appereance on world civilization to this day
@@afdalridwan3813 what has that got to with Wales ?
@@afdalridwan3813 what your saying is both irrelevant and doesn't make sense
As a Hellen (Greek) I would like to apologize to all Asian countries for this domino of mispronunciations that we caused. It was deserved in the end to have the same thing happen to us...
You should be ashamed indeed!!!
@@s.papadatos6711 Επισης αδελφε!
It's Yunani in Bahasa Indonesia, maybe derived from Ionia... Dunno...
Greece is called Yavana in Sanskrit. Maybe from Ionia
What type of Hellen are you?? Ionian?
Very well explained. Although one correction regarding the name Bharat for India, it was not limited to North India. Bharat or Bharatvarsha as a name was used for the civilization stretching from Himalayas to the north and Indian Ocean to the south (source Vishnu Puran). For more than a millenia, this name was used for the entire civilization (north and south). There are some other names for India as well - Jambudweepa (geographical term), Aryavarta (the land of Aryas), Hindustan (given by Iranians. Same origins as name India. People living beyond river Sindhu) etc. But the name that was adopted for the new republic in 1947 was Bharat which represents a civilization rather than a geography or a set of people.
@Prajwal Devanga Don't really have much of a disagreement there. Arya is a cultural term not a racial term. Within that society it was the culture of nobles. So the word came to mean noble in subsequent times. But all Bhartiyas were not Arya by culture but they were Bharatiya by civilization. Dravid on the other hand is a geographical term as you said. So word Bharat is more preferable in my opinion.
“The country that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bhāratam; there dwell the descendants of Bharata.”
-Vishnu Purana Book 2 Chapter 3
There are lot of countries (mainly in Europe and Asia) that exonyms are used. Ireland (both the island and the Republic of Ireland) are called Éire in the Irish language. Albania is also an exonym - in Albanian it's called Shqipëria, though the origins of the Albania can be traced back to the Aincent Greeks and the Albani tribes. And until recently eSwatini was refered under it's exonym - Swaziland
Some endonyms of countries mainly formed from former French or Portuguese colonies prefer their names to not be translated in other languages. In English while côte d'ivoire in general means ivory coast, the English name for Côte d'Ivoire the country is not Ivory Coast. Same thing with Cabo Verde. But the most curious case in Timor-Leste - the Timor part is derived from the Malay word for east - timur, while leste is the Portuguese word for east. Basically the name of this country is East-East
Very educational🎓! Thanks Bros👊, awesome content
I knew about some of these, but this is a great video that adds more context. Thank you.
There's also Croatia and Albania that are called differently in their native languages(Croatia-Hrvatska Albania-Shqipëria)There is also ones that got their names translated into English(or any other language)such as Montenegro(Crna Gora)or Ivory Coast(Côte d'Ivoire)
Croatia is just transliteration of Hrvatska, same as Srbija to Serbia
It is actually very interesting, how countries choose the names of other countries.
For example, we in Latvija have almost the same - Horvātija (with more vowels, even with the long one), and translated to Latvian - Melkalne, but... Kotdivuāra is left almost the same, just given an ending so it could be conjugated
some other sources . 1st..in vishnu puran( hindu religious text) around 400 BCE , it has clearly mentioned what is bharat , where is bharat and who are bhartiye , it says "THE country that lies north of the ocean, and south of the snowy mountains, is called Bhārata, for there dwelt the descendants of Bharat. It is nine thousand leagues in extent, and is the land of works, in consequence of which men go to heaven, or obtain emancipation." which cover whole india , 2nd . in natyashastra (200 BCE) , a book on performing arts says BHA- Bhava, means sensation. Seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching are different types of sensations RA-Raga means tune TA-Taal means rhythm. 3rd , in rigveda (1500 BCE - 1000BCE) , it says , bharata were the tribe , who beat the coalition of 10 kings , and all those 10 kings were forced to leave this region , and we are the decendant of bharata . 4th according to jain texts , bharat is named after bharata the son of lord rishabhdeva . 5th .bha also means light and light in indic religion is symbol of knowledge , and rata means , someone who enjoys it
Good except rig veda is closer to 4000 bce , and vishnu puran probably also goes back.
Very informative! Thank you so much
It's impossible to switch to all countries being referred to by their endonym. Either the English speakers a) butcher the pronunciation or b) they have to memorize 100+ endonym-specific pronunciation rules, or c) the spelling is adjusted so the English-speakers pronounce it correctly .... which again, makes it an exonym.
English speakers would for example pronounce "Deutschland" naively as "Doitcheländ", but with adjusted, corrected spelling it would be "Doitsh-lund", which is again an exonym.
As a native English speaker, I can tell you that ignoring how things are spelled and just memorizing how things are supposed to be pronounced is already what we do with everything else, so we might as well do it for proper nouns as well.
@@gowzahr why should we? Other languages don't
I'm pretty sure the average Brit wouldn't manage to pronounce the unlaut properly and it gets bastardised to Doichland. To rhyme with, well, England.
England is from Angle-land (land of the Angles, a Scandinavian people) and various translations of it in other languages, like Angleterre in French.
The Romans knew England as Britannia. Scotland was Caledonia and Ireland was Hibernia. And of course now the combination of the individual countries is Great Britain. Or formally the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
I apologise for inflicting our language (and everything else!) on the rest of the world.
The country of Georgia is natively known as Sakartvelo and comes form the Georgian region of Kartli. The economy likely comes from the Persian term Gorgan for the people from that region
INDIA 🇮🇳 is a latin/roman word derived from the Greek word " indos" , which means " people who live across the indus river" , the persians called the same land as
Hind or Hindustan which again means the same thing " land which lies across the indus river". BHARATA IS THE REAL NATIVE NAME OF INDIA and the native term for an indian is" BHARTIYA"
There's no such thing as a "real name" for a place beyond what people think when they hear that word. India is the only "correct" name for India in English because no other word will make people think of the country. This is true of the names of English-speaking places in Indian Languages as well
@@joemiller947 by real name i mean native name bruh nothing else
@@byron-ih2ge There are 461 languages that are spoken in India, claiming one word is THE native word is silly. Sure many of those languages probably share the same word for India, but they don't all agree
@@joemiller947 sanskrit was the lingua franca in india, so its normal to have that name. There's also another name for india in sanskrit-- jumbudveep( island of berries), its taken from a similar thamizh word, another classical language in india.
@@user-pf4tn2rl9n Have you checked all 461 languages? Lol
Thank you for this! This was enlightening. :)
I think the main reason "Magyar" isn't used internationally is the gy sound, which is pretty hard for foreigners. It's *sort of* like a d + y together, but kinda softened.
in Arabic we call Hungary "Al Majjar", so now i understood why it sounded a bit too Arabic styled for a European nation
@daniiel mlinarics We call Croatia Horvátország :) I think Hungarian has a lot of Slavic loan words.
According to ancient Sanskrit Scriptures:
उत्तरं यत्समुद्रस्य हिमाद्रेश्चैव दक्षिणम् ।
वर्षं तद् भारतं नाम भारती यत्र संततिः ।।
This shloka means: “The country (Varsam) that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bharatam; there dwell the descendants of Bharata.
It's interesting to see the origins of how countries name other countries in their own language, especially the influences that inform the naming of far away countries. In my country, you see a lot of foreign influences in naming due to it being a maritime trade region. Jepun (Japan) comes from Chinese, China comes from Sanskrit, Yunani (Greece) comes from Arabic or Persian, etc.
Japan comes from Chinese, through Malay and then Portuguese. Quite a journey.
@@FOLIPE Japan calls itself Nippon, which is just Japanese pronunciation for 日本 , which in Chinese pinyin is Ri Ben, which in various Chinese dialects are sounded as je pun, nit buon, yak pun etc etc. But I guess they all the same to the westerners and the sound is flattened out in "ja pan". The Malay just took the Hokkien pronunciation "je pun." There is no Malay name for Japan.
In Malay language, Japan was known as Ryukyu
@@iamgreat1234 There is no such vocalisation in the Malay language. When the Portuguese came to S.E. Asia in the 16th century, they learnt of Japan from the Malays & Indonesians who called it Jipang, Jepan, Jepun .. all of which came from the Chinese dialects.
@@iamgreat1234 Ryukyu is not Japan. Ryukyu is the island chain south of Japan, known today as Okinawa.
Great flow! You really did good.
This was an interesting video!! I learned a lot of new things!
Now in Arabic we still call India as Hind.
BUT, the word we have for Spices is B(u)harat!
And now I suspect that I may know why.
" who would like to buy the spices" ??? said indians
me said the arabians quickly buying the spices and sellling it to the rest of the world..
We also have some different country names in Latvian.
Finland - Somija
Estonia - Igaunija
Lithuania - Lietuva
Russia - Krievija
Belarus - Balkrievija
Sweden - Zviedrija
Germany - Vācija
Switzerland - Šveice
Ireland - Īrija
That was fascinating! Thanks
Fantastic 👏 we need more content like this
The word "Dutch" in English often used to refer to Germans too. For example, Pennsylvania Dutch, and the American legend of the Dutchman's Lost Goldmine are references to German people, not people from the Netherlands, even in modern English.
English did sort of distinguish between High Dutch and Low Dutch, but Low Dutch still referred to both present day Northern Germany and the Netherlands (and Flemish people in Belgium). Like grouping modern day Dutch and Low German speakers as one people vs. High German speakers to their South.
It makes a bit more sense how this happened if you look at a map of the Holy Roman Empire principalities back then and see why the English were all like "I ain't keeping track of all this shit, you're all Dutch."
"German (person)" became popularized as a term in English later on than "Dutch (person)", so when Germany/Deutschland as we now know it unified in the 1800s, the "Dutch" people who not involved in the unification (The Netherlands) just stayed Dutch. I would say if we're going to change a name in English, retiring Dutch and replacing it with Netherlander/Netherlandic would be more beneficial than calling Germany "Dutchland" of Germans "Dutch."
Netherlader just feels weird to say, I would prefer the native Nederlandse
@@nevets2371 I guess I was following the same pattern as Icelandic/Icelander, but I'd certainly defer to folks from the Netherlands if they prefer something a little closer to their language.
@@seamussc Im a native English speaker and I prefer it too.
The English did that a lot, to pretty much anyone who wasn't English. And we're still doing it, to a greater or lesser degree. (One reason we're so terrible at learning languages that aren't English!)
In Bengali, we call Egypt as 'Mishor'
India as 'Bharot'
China as 'Chin'
Iran as 'Paroshyo'
In my childhood, I always wondered why the names were so different in English. Now I can actually understand, Thanks Mate!
Luv these 'O's mate👌
In hindi ,these are A(अ or অ)
Türkiş:
Mısır
Hindistan
Çin
İran/Farsiya
@@prakharrai4283 I'm also from India brother, I know Hindi! Cheers!
@@Yusuf-pi1eb This is really awesome. In other languages , the names are really close in terms of pronounciation, English is English though😆❤️
pharus came from cyrus i guess
Thanks! Nice info.
Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.
Actually India's proper endonym is Bharata Varsha. Though in English pronunciation it might sound similar but there is a difference between Bharat (King) and Bhaarat (his people/descendants). So Bhaarat Varsha = Land of the Descendants of King Bharat.
🙂👍🏼
You forgot the most important one:
Exonym: The United States of America
Endonym: 'Murica!
Heheheheh
In Indian languages, it would be Amrica
Great video!
Happy 80k sub!
I hope your channel will reach 100k sub in this year and i wish you will have heath to make more interesting videos
In Italy we have 2 ways to say a person is from Japan ("Giappone" for us): 'Giapponese' which translates into Japanese for english speaking people and 'Nipponico' obviously coming straight from Nippon, a transliteration of Nihon.
Esatto
So do we in French : japonais/nippon
In polish Germany is called Niemcy ("mute people") cause they don't speak understandable, slavic language. Italy is Włochy from oldslavic "Volch" - somebody of roman origin :)
This video presents excellent information. Great job 👌👍🙏
I learned something! Thank you, 😀
Indonesians have been using some original name and some Arabic name, and some, English name.
Italia for example, their cities retains their original names when translated to Indonesian language, from Napoli, Milano, Roma, Venezia, to Firenze. This is also done out of practicality, because we can easily read "Piemonte" rather than the conjugation of consonants that its English name "Piedmont". The word "Lombardia" is much easier to pronounce for us than "Lombardy".
However, impressionable English-educated young Indonesians think that using English names like "Florence", "Venice", or "Rome" are much cooler, despite the names makes it sound further than its original.
Portuguesa is "Portugis" instead of "Portugal". Russian capital is "Moskwa" instead of "Moscow". Ukraine is "Ukraina". Warsaw is "Warsawa". Köln is "Koln" instead of "Cologne". The Hague is "Den Haag", of course the colonists will make sure everything is correct in Indonesian, except the way we refer to them as just "Belanda" (Holland - forget the rest of the Nederland).
Egypt is easily "Mesir" in Indonesian, because we get it from the Arab traders. Algeria is "Aljazair" (but Morocco is still Maroko). Consequently, Greece is "Yunani", which is also how the Arabs refer to them "Al-Yunan", which refers to Ionia (now Turkiye), the coastline where the Arab traders probably landed. Likewise, our pronounciation of their cities and names are closer to the original. We call "Athens" Athena, and "Aristotle" Aristoteles - we didn't go through that Latin influence that the English culture did.
The name Indonesia itself is of European origin, using Greek words "Indos" and "Nesos" - Indian Islands. We have very close ties with India since ancient times. The word "Barat" means "West" in Indonesian - referring to the direction of where India is located (west of Indonesia).
How Malays and Javanese call Japan as Jepun (read "Je-poon")? It is not from Wu dialects, but rather the Hokkien pronounciation of the 日本: Jit-pun (jeet-poon).
Another interesting thing is Ivory Coast, known officially as its French name Côte d'Ivoire. I was surprised that Olympic announcers in English, and even BBC uses the French pronounciation "Kot-de-Ai-voarh". In Indonesian, they are simply translated as "Pantai Gading", literally Ivory Coast/Beach/Shore.
Now as the originator of the lingua franca itself, the English is easily known as "Inggris" (England), which is also commonly used to refer to the entire UK (Inggris Raya - literally Great England) for some reason. There is a translation for Skotlandia (Scotland) and Irlandia Utara (Northern Ireland), yet not for Wales (we could have called it "Kaimru" - Cymru, but no, we just pronounce it like the English does). Consequently, in order not to offend those people, the official name in Indonesian is "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" (Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia Utara) - yet people still officially refer to the UK as "Britania Raya" - completely ignoring Northern Ireland and the Ulsters. It will confuse Indonesians if you wave the Union flag but refuse to be called "orang Inggris" (English person).
Mesir and Yunnan are used by the Persians first
When Indonesians hear about Portugal, they would think about football. Portugis, and they would think of colonialism.
Also München instead of Munich, due to influence of football.
Indonesia named after India
For Korea, Goryeo was the formal name of Goguryeo since early 5th century AD. Name changes include Goguryeo -> Goryeo // Baekje -> Southern Buyeo (Nam Buyeo) // Saro -> Silla (Shinra)
It is basically Goguryeo -> Goryeo -> Corea/Korea
The original three (Korean) Han was Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan. Its meaning later changed for Goguryeo-Baekje-Silla during Goryeo-Joseon period.
Han is one of ancient ethnic group that makes up modern Korean. They are composed of peninsula natives, peninsula Japanese (Yayoi), from/diaspora of Joseon (Ye, Maek), and even little faction from Xiongnu confederacy (Joseon was friend of Xiongnu, no surprise).
Also interesting to note that NK suggested unification with SK as Goryeo Federation.
And Goryeo/Joseon people commonly called China/Chinese as Dang/Dang-in (Dang = Tang in Korean), similar way that Ming and Qing often called Joseon as Goryeo.
Gorguryeo called themselves Goguli or heavenly lake, for its original establishment / domain. These words retain their meaning in modern Turkish.
@@kenh758 Heavenly lake is "Cheonji" in Korean and refers to the lake at the tip of Mount Paekdu. Goguli is probably the Turkish pronunciation of Goguryeo
@@keomi6228 yes, it tells you what that people （高句驪） spoke back then.
@Ken H actually we don't know a lot about the Goguryeo language. Going by Korean pronunciation rules, "Goguli" is impossible to pronounce as well, if a syllable starts with an ㄹ it's pronounced r. Only exception is if a previous syllable ended on an -l or -n sound
@@keomi6228 why would a 90 BCE northeastern Asian political entity pronounce words in modern Korean? What we do know is that they wrote in Han 漢 characters, and from those you could do primary research, sans third party propaganda and manipulation.
Amazing video
Great video! Since you already did a big series on the fall of the Qin and the Chu-Han Contention, would you do a video about the movie The Last Supper? I've heard its arms/armor are very historically accurate
Very nice video and very accurate! First time that I see a correct explanation for my country’s name!
Let me help with a bit more information!
1:25
Hellas🇬🇷
Our country’s name is Ελλάς / ellás
Hellenic words in English are getting an ‘’h’’ in front of them.
Hellas consists of two words:
Ελ + λας / El + las
El is a proto-Hellenic term meaning Sun
Elios -> Helios in English
Las is a proto-Hellenic term meaning literally rock but metaphorically soil/land
From las came the English land.
So, Ellas mean the land of Sun
The people are called Hellenes (not Greeks) which means the sons of Sun
And the language Hellenica (not Greek) meaning the language of light!
As you said the term Greece came from the Roman term Graeci!
Back at the days, Hellenes colonised the southern part of Italy and founded many cities.
In reality, even today, most of the southern Italians have Hellenic DNA, they call themselves Grekos and the area is known as Magna Grecia (Great Hellas)
In ancient times there was not the concept of a ‘’country’’.
There were many Hellenic tribes gathering around big City-Centres called Polis or City-States.
Some of the many Hellenic tribes were:
Thracians, Makedonians, Thessalians, Epirus, Boeotians, Thebes, Spartans, Grekoi, Rhodians, Achaeans, Danaoi, Ionians, Phrygians, Paflagonians, Trojans…. hundreds of them!
Grekoi Hellenes colonised southern Italy, Sicily, Malta… etc
Etruscans (living in the northern part of today’s Italy) met with them and thought that all Hellenes were Grekoi!!!
The exact same thing happened in Minor Asia too.
Ionian Hellenes lived in Minor Asia (today’s turkey).
Persians, Babylonians and other nations of the East are calling us Yunan because they met only with the Ionian Hellenes!
Ionian -> Ionan-> Yunan
When you call all Hellenes Greeks it’s like me calling all British people Londoners…
It’s like calling the island Britain Londonia and all the people Londoners…
It’s wrong!
We are not all Hellenes Grekoi!
Hellenes named a lot of nations around because they met with them!
Countries that we have near to us now there didn’t existed back then!
Albania… Vardarska Banovina… Bulgaria… Turkey… these people came from Central Asia much later.
•Alexander the Great conquered all the nations from Hellas to India.
Because he crossed the river Indus, the named all the people after that river Indians…
Sounds logical for the era😁
•Hellenes named Egypt Αίγυπτος which in Hellenic means:
Αιγαίο + ύπτιος / Egéo + yptíos
Aegean + under
It means the country under the Aegean Sea!!!
•In Hellenic we also call France -> Γαλλία / Gallía.
French people want to forget their barbaric past (Galatian origin) and they want to focus on the Franks…
•Hellenes travelled to the British Isles as well!
In ancient Hellenic texts we find the terms:
Αλβιώνα / Alviòna -> Albion in 🇬🇧
Αγγλία / Agglía
The name Anglia before the invasion of the Saxons Germans -> AngloSaxons
The island of Britain is also called Albion
Σκωτία / Skotía -> Scotland 🏴
Skotía means dark land, without sun
Ιέρνη / Iérni -> Ireland 🇮🇪
Their name is Eire in Celtic Irish
Something also interesting, the terms Arctic and Antarctic they are Hellenic and they hide a very smart information!
So,
Αρκτική / Arktikí = Arctic
Ανταρκτική / Antarktikí = Antarctic
In ancient Hellenic the word Άρκτος / árktos means bear
The word an or anti in front of a word gives to that word the opposite meaning.
It’s like normal > un-normal
An and anti it’s like this ‘’un’’.
So, Arctic means the place where polar bears 🐻❄️ are living when Antarctic means the place without polar bears, so the place where penguins 🐧 are living!!!😉
Fun fact :
We Indians call ancient Persians : Farsi , Egypt as Misr
And Greeks as the Yunan.
And China as CHEEN.
It's exactly the same in Egypt we call our homeland "Misr", Greece is" Yunnan", China is "Seen" (not Cheen) and India is "Hind". A person from Iran is called "Farsi" here
Very good history video that finally explained this topic to the people
Good Video!
An interesting thing that works the opposite of Greeks, Persians, and Indians is the name of the Dutch.
In the Middle Ages, the West Germanic people of central Europe had lots of small states, but collectively called themselves "Deutsche". Since the Netherlands are closest to England, the English had the most contact with the people of the Netherlands, and so when they were talking about "Dutch", they usually were calling about them. At some point, the English started to use the term "Germans" instead for the whole group, but kept calling their closest neighbors "Dutch". Even though now the Dutch have a completely separate country from "Deutschland".
Instead of the endonym one sub-group giving the exonym to a larger group, this is a case of the endonym of the larger group giving the exonym to a sub-group.
A good example of an exonym that isn’t in use anymore is Rascia to refer to Serbia, named after one of the early medieval Serb principalities. Radical (Raška) tended to be the dominant one, so a lot of medieval sources call Serbs Rascians
Isn't Sanjak the exonym of Raška?
@@heinrich.hitzinger Raška was called Sandzak in 19th century. Today's Sandzak is around half or 1/3 of today's Raška region.
It still exists as a family name in Hungarian though, Rác.
...yes, we do have the name of ethnicities as family names in Hungarian.
On an unrelated note, I'm kinda dissapointed they didn't mention Croatsia- I have no clue where that one came from, considering they call themselves Hravatska if I recall correctly.
@@huhhuh9598 they call themselves Hrvatska. I seem to recall that in Sorbian & some other West Slavic languages the ethnonym Crabat is used. I think foreigners may have misheard hr as khr. H -> K is a pretty common linguistic shift. K is just an H obstructed by the tongue, so it's an easy shift to make when absorbing a word into a new language, & the K sound is often written as a C thanks to Latin, & replacing the ska place name suffix with its Latin equivalent "ia" is common (Polska -> Polonia for example). so Hrvatska -> Crvatia, the consonant cluster is hard to pronounce & of course v was sometimes read as u, so it becoming a vowel is, albeit somewhat unusual, not entirely impossible, thus Hrvatska -> Crvatia -> Cruatia -> Croatia.
@@heinrich.hitzinger The core of what was once the principality of Raška, including the town of Ras for which it was named are in what the Turks called the Sanjak of Novi Pazar. Since it was among the last Ottoman Sanjaks to be conquered by the Serbs & had a special relationship with Austrian Bosnia it was just referred to as "the Sanjak", but since Serbocroatian lacks a definite article, it just became Sanjak/Sandžak, while the old name of the principality had not really been applied to Serbia for centuries.
In Indonesian language,
1. Barat means west, maybe because india located on the west of indonesian archipelago so the people long ago call anything from west was from barat, and people use barat as the word to referred west.
2. Germany called Jerman
3. Hungary called Hungaria
4. Italy called Italia
5. Britain called Britania
6. Greece called Yunani
7. Japan called Jepang
8. Egypt called Mesir
9. China called Tiongkok, maybe it's the derivative for the Zhong-Guo with the hokkien accent
10. Algeria called Aljazair
11. France called Perancis
12. Netherlands called Belanda
13. Philippines called Filipina
14. Saudi Arabia called Arab Saudi
15. USA called Amerika Serikat
And so on
great video.
In Spanish we call Germany as Alemania because of an ancient Germanic tribe called the Alamani, who lived in modern-day Switzerland and Bavaria. Also, I once heard from German people themselves that Deutschland came from the name Teutonic (Deutsch), which was an Italian word.
In fact, the Italians call the Germans "Tudeschi". Quite different from the way Spaniards and French call the Germans. Looks like calling Germany "Alemania" or "Allemagne" is exclusively a Spanish-French thing. Not sure how it is called in Portuguese.
@@Karthagast the portugues speaking countries (brasil, portugal, cabo verde) use "alemanha"
@@diablorojo3887 Thank you. So it seems it is a French-Spanish-Portuguese thing.
@@Karthagast latin languages are very close one to another until 1600, soo names and ideas from this era are similar in spelling
@@diablorojo3887 I know. I didn't say this is a Latin thing because, in this case, Italian goes its own way, using "Germania" for the country and "Tudeschi" (in plural) as denonym. :)
In indonesia we call Egypt as mesir
And barat = west, given that india located west of Indonesia that's makes sense that we say west after a location (a nation)
in India, egypt is called mishr, really wonder whether we might have common ancestors, i learnt that Bahasa means language in indonesia and same in hindi(bhasa)
Indonesia literally means Islands of India in Greek
Excellent.
Nice!! You well presented my country Korea's name👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻 yes it's called Han-guk 'Han' means Korean people and land. It's been used since ancient time. And actually Korea's official name is Dae-han-min-guk. Shortly and commonly Han-guk. And colloquially, people of Korea refer their nation as 'Urinara' which means 'our country'
This phenomenon is actually pretty common, especially since in most cases where the exonym is based on the endonym, the pronunciation is still substantially altered. "France" is one of the few in which the English exonym is not all that different, though not identical. Also, Bharat is not the only indigenous name of India.
it's the dominant one because of Hindi, I'm guessing.
@@ZakhadWOW there's actually also hindustan, hind and others too
@@ZakhadWOW you mean indo European.
@@SouffleDude_256 they r persian
Hungary in Arabic is : Al-Majar. Which is close to the original.
Also in Arabic:
Greece = Yunan
Japan = Yaban
Germany = Almanya
India = Al-Hind
China = Seen (or As-Seen) / with heavy S like Sun.
in india we call greeks as yunan or yavan and china came fro sanskrit word cheena, seems like these sanskrit names were used by arabs as well and these are names during vedic civilisation of india
Excellent work and well done! However, you used Cruses’ portrait on the ancient Lydian poetry to describe me. That wasn’t me. That was my enemy who I defeated.
Very cool!