Fly Fishing for an ICE AGE RELIC!! (Trout Fishing & Conservation)

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  • čas přidán 6. 09. 2024
  • In this video I fish for a weekend with my buddy Dustin Wichterman and learn about some of the work Trout Unlimited is doing in the great state of West Virginia.
    Dustin Wichterman has become a good buddy of mine over the past year and has devoted his career and the better part of his life to trout conservation and habitat improvement. Dustin is the Associate Director of Trout Unlimited’s Mid Atlantic Cold Water Habitat program and one of the only people I know that has caught a confirmed 15 inch native brook trout… and not just 1, he’s caught several. This man knows his stuff, so if you’re a brookie fisherman or someone who is just interested in the ice age relic, then you’ll want to watch this video.
    We went fly fishing on several small creeks looking for the Native Brook Trout. We caught handful of fish, but more importantly I got to learn and witness first hand what type of habitat improvement is being done on some of the waters that are near and dear to my heart.
    I hope everyone enjoys this video! Thanks for watching and let me know if you like this video and what ways it could've been improved.
    #trout #fishing #flyfishing

Komentáře • 166

  • @Cbockhoff
    @Cbockhoff Před rokem +18

    As a kid 45 years ago I remember the old timers sitting around the fire along a famous WV stream telling stories of fishing these stream pre clear cut. I remember them saying that stream was loaded with 15 inch brookies.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem +4

      That’s amazing! I love hearing those stories. Hopefully one day we can get back to that type of fishing.

  • @michaeltichonuk2176
    @michaeltichonuk2176 Před rokem +1

    Conversations on Conservation is always good...this one is no exception.

  • @Vitaly63Rus
    @Vitaly63Rus Před rokem +1

    Ребята, вы молодцы! / Guys, you are great!
    И показываете хороший пример другим рыболовам, как нужно сохранять природу! / And you show a good example to other anglers how to save nature!
    Like!

  • @tphvictims5101
    @tphvictims5101 Před rokem

    I’m 70 years old. Parts of the Beaverkill look like that. Trees all over the place. Amazing fishing.

  • @ShredCentralStation
    @ShredCentralStation Před rokem +1

    This is awesome. I grew up trout fishing summers in Nevada with my grandfather. The first summer he moved there when I was only 7 or so, I remember coming upon a natural pool filled with 12-20" fish. We didn't even fly fish, just dropped hooks in with worms (he was a sea fisherman from NorCal that retired in the mountains so this type of fishing was new to him as well). As the snowpack shrank over the years in the 80s and 90s, the streams shrank and so did the fish. Eventually, there just wasn't much there anymore. Now living in the Mid-Atlantic and recreating in the same areas you are showing, already wanting to buy land there for retirement, this is just amazing to see. Your description of "why brooke trout" is perfect and "around the next bend" instantly made me think of coming around a bend and seeing that pool full of huge fish as a kid. Good on you sir keep it up!

  • @TerminatorEye62
    @TerminatorEye62 Před rokem +2

    This was my favorite video I've seen so far on this channel. Love seeing these kinds of conservation efforts being made for WV. Stay bent up!

  • @patjordan1955
    @patjordan1955 Před rokem +2

    I can’t express how truly grateful for all those who r implementing these conservation measures to help these remarkable fish! Thank. You!

  • @bernie5970
    @bernie5970 Před 7 měsíci

    One of your best clips yet! Loved learning about brookie habitat. Keep inviting these experts ... absolutely EXCELLENT.❤❤❤❤❤❤

  • @mfddb3084
    @mfddb3084 Před rokem

    I'm from PA and I've been fishing a small creek since I was a kid and to this day I can put 18 inch natives out of that creek. They are so beautiful and put up one heck of a fight!

  • @scotedler3984
    @scotedler3984 Před rokem

    This is why I went back to school, to improve the trout streams where I lived. Unfortunately life had other ideas and I do different conservation work now.

  • @kriyashivajiva
    @kriyashivajiva Před rokem

    thank GOD for brookies and the wild places they live!

  • @jakepage7383
    @jakepage7383 Před rokem

    the color on that brookie......just wooow....wow

  • @sgttombailes3380
    @sgttombailes3380 Před rokem

    OUTSTANDING !!!! What more could be said ! HoooaH !!

  • @matman333666
    @matman333666 Před rokem

    Love trout fishing the fly is relaxing for me

  • @viking7560
    @viking7560 Před rokem +1

    I’m pretty sure a Brook Trout stream is the portal to heaven.

  • @ajviens4371
    @ajviens4371 Před rokem

    One of your best. I too love to chase wild brook trout. Great work by Dustin and TU.

  • @MtnManTom1
    @MtnManTom1 Před rokem

    Awesome Video ! Thanks for sharing... You're giving me the West Virginia fly fishing fever. Looks like a trip is in order late summer early fall 2023.

  • @darrelbaillie7829
    @darrelbaillie7829 Před rokem

    Thank you for the awesome video. I went fly fishing today in a remote area- not for trout; but anything that would bite. I caught two small moonfish and two what looked like a type of bream. What an awesome day. Videos like yours inspire me to keep on fishing. Thank you 😊

  • @johnbakken1853
    @johnbakken1853 Před rokem

    Important work for all of us. Thank you.

  • @humid-rb7rt
    @humid-rb7rt Před 5 měsíci

    Great beautiful and beautiful brookies!

  • @michaelsmith7193
    @michaelsmith7193 Před rokem +2

    Outstanding! By all means, more videos like this - when you can. Your video offered some excellent information every angler serious about native eastern brook trout conservation should know and take to heart. Hats off to Dustin Wichterman for his efforts, and to you for sharing the results of his endeavors!

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem +1

      That's exactly right! If you're serious about brookie fishing this video is for you. We wanted to try and raise awareness for the type of work that goes into brook trout conservation so when you're out on the stream you can recognize it and appreciate it for what it is. Thanks for watching

  • @Pragwo1f
    @Pragwo1f Před rokem +1

    What a legacy for Dustin to leave behind for future generations. Wonderful! As I was watching, I was thinking a new ambition of mine is to finally venture across the Pond and fish for real native brook trout before old age prevents me. Thank you, Jon, as ever for offering those us on the other side of the Atlantic a glimpse of these beautiful fish and their equally stunning habitat.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      Yep Dustin is a good dude. Glad you enjoyed the video and I hope you make it over here one day!

  • @erikbohlin6018
    @erikbohlin6018 Před rokem +1

    Amazing video, great to see how much u guys love that fish unfortunately I live in Sweden where brook trout are considered as invasive…

  • @melazmusic
    @melazmusic Před rokem

    their spots remind me of those little balls you put in flower vases, really an amazing and spectacular feat of evolution to see something so beautiful and yet so fragile.

    • @melazmusic
      @melazmusic Před rokem

      orbeez was the word I was looking for.

  • @sc100ott
    @sc100ott Před rokem

    I enjoy your videos!
    Fly fishing for trout in small streams is my favorite pastime.
    The story in this video is very similar to my home state of Michigan-except nobody is really sure whether brook trout are truly native, or if they moved in to replace the (now extirpated) grayling.
    Either way, we have the same sad history of clear-cut forests and poor culvert design. Yet time, and better forest/stream management, are bringing our cold water resources back slowly.
    The north slope of the Upper Peninsula is structured much like West Virginia and the Appalachians in general-old, tree-covered mountains, now eroded to big hills, still with higher gradient streams tumbling over waterfalls into plunge pools and rocky bottoms.
    The rest of the state, however, is a very different structure, with low-gradient spring-fed streams flowing over a bottom of sand and gravel. There are no waterfalls, no plunge pools, but lots of wood. Because there are no barriers, you almost never get pure brook trout populations, as usually there are browns mixed in, and very often young steelhead/rainbows mixed in if there are no dams between the headwaters and the Great Lakes.
    But still, blue-lining small creeks deep in the woods, tight casts, and dreams of a 15” brookie are the same. I’ve been doing this for almost 40 years, and my best brook trout is only 12”, but I still have those dreams!

  • @jarrettlandreth285
    @jarrettlandreth285 Před rokem +3

    This is such an important message, thank you for giving guys like Dustin a platform to share the fantastic restoration work that is being done to preserve our native fish! You’re the man!

  • @davidleimeister5027
    @davidleimeister5027 Před rokem

    I am so glad that we are able to make the fishing so much better with great organizations like Trout Unlimited. Keep up the great work and service to future fishing generations.

  • @deputyperkins1
    @deputyperkins1 Před rokem

    great video as usual, been following you an your brother here for a while now. I have a cabin on the very upper Elk River, and the Slatyfork (dry branch portion) is literally in my back yard. It's been a while since I have seen any brookies on the Slaty or the Elk. I always just assumed the larger browns were eating them. Its awesome to see someone dedicating that much effort into rehabilitating the smaller waterways. That benefits the entire ecosystem, not just the trout. send me a message if Dustin or you guys at Harman, want to swing by my property. Theres a ton of blue lines on the map, to help out. The Monongahela Natn'l Forest is on the other side of the water from my property.

  • @phillipkacmar1265
    @phillipkacmar1265 Před rokem

    I worked for TU in WV putting wood in the creeks back in 15 and 16. It was some hard work but it was the most rewarding job I've done. They got the excavator for stream work the year after I left lol. I'm glad people are using resource and more excited seeing the fish using them.

    • @phillipkacmar1265
      @phillipkacmar1265 Před rokem

      Glad to see Dustin is still there and the ambassador for that area too.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      Thank you for your work in restoring and creating habitat! I'm sure a lot of people have fished those streams and had a blast. Thanks for watching

  • @Dcll8451
    @Dcll8451 Před rokem

    Habitat restoration has to be my favorite thing on the planet

  • @richardowens6119
    @richardowens6119 Před 7 měsíci

    Fantastic. What great work.

  • @Tsaustin1
    @Tsaustin1 Před rokem +1

    What a wonderful video. It is great to see people working to preserve these spots in our beautiful state. We need more of this! Keep up the great work

  • @scotthamilton9581
    @scotthamilton9581 Před rokem +1

    By far this is my favorite video that you have ever made. It was very informative and shows what the freat state of West Virginia is doing for the Brooklyn Trout. I would love to see more videos like this when you can.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      I definitely think I'm going to! Of course these videos do take a lot more time and effort. They also require multiple people to line up schedules. But I think its for sure worth it

  • @stringtwister7654
    @stringtwister7654 Před rokem

    Wow this video was much help! Thanks for taking the time and telling us which fly, leader length, giving us some casting techniques! You absolutely Rock Jonathan hardman

  • @jeffkresch8975
    @jeffkresch8975 Před rokem +1

    Would love to see more of these in the future. Rocking job gentlemen.

  • @James.t69
    @James.t69 Před rokem +1

    When I saw the TikTok and then the short I was like “Cant wait for this video” 😂 Great content as always yall 🎉

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      Heck yes!! Glad someone is watching the tiktoks and then coming to youtube to watch the video

    • @James.t69
      @James.t69 Před rokem

      @@hardmanfishing Ive been here since around 20k!

  • @kyleautrey8320
    @kyleautrey8320 Před rokem

    Great video! I love venturing up high in WNC in search of brookies. Lots of rainbows lately and not so many brookies.

  • @leehjones
    @leehjones Před rokem

    Man. I get beautiful scenery, great fishing, and you sneak in a dynamite history and conservation lesson. Wish I could thumbs-up this video five times. 👍👍👍👍👍

  • @massimilianoromani9271

    What amazing Brook trouts !!!! Unbelievable colors!!!! 👍🏼👋🇮🇹

  • @jonathanstoffregen390

    Yes, more videos like this would be very much appreciated, please.

  • @zumalot
    @zumalot Před rokem

    Such an educational treat about a good man helping my favorite trout species. Some of those colors were brilliant!

  • @adventuretimefishinghunting

    Great video! I enjoyed the info that all of TU puts into there work. It's something pretty special for sure. Brook trout are hands down my favorite dish to catch!

  • @jeffreylea2319
    @jeffreylea2319 Před rokem

    Really enjoyed this video- TU is working in CT as well to restore stream banks by planting trees and in places adding wood, but nothing yet on the scale of the operations you have shown in WV!

  • @ericdwines1980
    @ericdwines1980 Před rokem

    Great video. Thanks for sharing.

  • @salmotrutta471
    @salmotrutta471 Před rokem

    Great to see fish like that are coming back into WV, can’t wait for them to come back to MD

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      MD is doing some work as well! It just takes time. Thanks for watching

  • @aaronshumate2303
    @aaronshumate2303 Před rokem

    WOW. If you guys every make it to Peru, you'll love it.

  • @brianbowman9127
    @brianbowman9127 Před rokem

    Great video guys. Thanks

  • @lanecountybigfooters5716

    Great explanation of why wood is important - I learned something today! Beautiful fish. Thanks to both of you for working towards trout conservation.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      Wood is good! Thanks for watching

    • @frogsnacks
      @frogsnacks Před rokem

      @@hardmanfishing That segment made me think about my creeks around me, up here in Ontario beavers take care of maintaining the creeks in that sense, is there not a beaver population up there? I don't think I've ever seen you fish a beaver pond or dam.

  • @RJZS1
    @RJZS1 Před rokem

    Yeah more like this please

  • @briljantje9583
    @briljantje9583 Před rokem

    Nice vid and interesting piece of history!

  • @tonywalkingstick8883
    @tonywalkingstick8883 Před rokem

    What an awesome history of the Brook Trout from that part of the country and how about that Beautiful specimen. A huge Yes, I would like to see more videos on this subject and always tight lines.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      Thanks Tony! I'll definitely be trying to make more videos like these in the future

  • @angleofattack5942
    @angleofattack5942 Před rokem

    I recently fished a section of stream where TU had instituted a new fish tagging system during the most recent stocking of brown trout. I caught one of the tagged fish, but unfortunately didnt get a clear look at the tag number before releasing the fish. It made me realize, however, that the recent increase in productivity of that stream over the last year or two might have a lot to do with TU’s work. I have seen some seriously massive brown and rainbow trout at that spot, so I hope that they keep up the good work and continue to restore other sections of stream too, because along with brown and rainbow trout, I’m fairly certain that the stream is capable of supporting brook trout as well, if the water temp could be kept low enough during the summer. Its good to see that TU’s work has had impacts in other locations as well. Great video!

  • @dannysmith4238
    @dannysmith4238 Před rokem

    Great and informative video. For my money there's no more beautiful fish than the brook trout. Thanks for sharing. 👍

  • @robertwestphal7443
    @robertwestphal7443 Před rokem

    Great information, good people doing work that will impact generations. Thanks.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      Couldn’t agree more. That’s what it’s all about! Thanks for watching

  • @matthewotis3594
    @matthewotis3594 Před rokem

    The rainbows and browns have eaten our east TN brookies up. Atleast where I live. I walked my holler other day to the top and it only had a very few bows in it. 20 years ago we caught brook trout up in the hollers. No more. I know of 1 creek where I can still get a few and they're tiny In the super skinny water.

  • @callumnoblett4905
    @callumnoblett4905 Před rokem

    Some very skillful casting going on there in what looks like a tight casting space. Or perhaps you hooked a few trees too😊

  • @patjordan1955
    @patjordan1955 Před rokem

    Omg! Those fish are beautiful!!! Can’t wait to see u catch your first 15” Brook trout!

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      I'll get one eventually! They aren't stupid unfortunately so it's taken a little longer than I'd like

  • @Comfortbug116
    @Comfortbug116 Před rokem

    I'd really like to see more videos like this! Let me hear from a stream and river conservationist any day.

  • @leemowers9395
    @leemowers9395 Před rokem

    Very cool, love the history, and the current approach to rebuilding the habitat.

  • @jimgollach6202
    @jimgollach6202 Před rokem

    Terrific job by TU, I love fishing for brookies, and visiting there homes. Enjoyed watching. 👍

  • @obozomustgo5449
    @obozomustgo5449 Před rokem +1

    Long ago when I went to Virginia Tech, a favorite weekend past time of ours was heading north to go deep into the WV wilderness camping and catching beautiful brookies. Still some of my fondest memories. Thanks for the video, Jon. Let's go Brandon!

  • @rickhoxie7121
    @rickhoxie7121 Před rokem

    I'm drawn to rivers and streams daydreaming about going and never leaving

  • @intothewildwego7085
    @intothewildwego7085 Před rokem

    By far one of the best videos you've ever put out, and there's been some bangers! I loved the information, passion, and intention behind this video. Killer job!

  • @dltguitar6532
    @dltguitar6532 Před rokem

    One of the most beautiful fish in the world

  • @stephentracey7409
    @stephentracey7409 Před rokem

    Another fantastic video, thanks! We are truly their best friends, even if we can’t help piercing their lips and teaching what not to eat.
    Where’d the beast from the opening shot come from? Different day I guess. I was hoping to see a little more of him.

  • @twilkpsu
    @twilkpsu Před rokem

    Great video. Brookies LOVE wood. In WI, no wood means little brookies or none at all.

  • @ravenator5396
    @ravenator5396 Před rokem

    By far my favorite fish grew up fishing for them down thru Fredrick Washington County in MD my wall mounted is 16 3/4 " almost 3lb girl at 10years to get to 15" she's gotta be 13-15 years old 😀

  • @dannyloving5435
    @dannyloving5435 Před rokem

    Super dope bro.

  • @jeremywanless2450
    @jeremywanless2450 Před rokem

    Excellent production. Well spoken and engaging look into this important work. These fish are a true mountain treasure.

  • @GLWhitt
    @GLWhitt Před rokem

    Love it. In addition to your excellent filming, thoroughly enjoy the added information about these special and unique fish and hearing about restoration efforts. Gives hope to a better future for the fish and our enjoying the.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      That's what we need more of in this world! Hope. Thanks for watching

  • @chritstopherbove8911
    @chritstopherbove8911 Před rokem

    Very cool video

  • @debraknowlton4381
    @debraknowlton4381 Před rokem

    I have been all over the Monongahela forest and I have never caught brook trout like this! How beautiful! How do I get to these places. Thank you for your videos!!!

  • @ben.schuyler
    @ben.schuyler Před rokem

    Really cool video. Awesome fishing, incredible environmental work. Love it.

  • @calebrostron9856
    @calebrostron9856 Před rokem

    I went to a trout unlimited fly fishing camp in New Hampshire this past summer

  • @henryleslievermont6004

    Enjoyed the History :)

  • @OpportunityFishing
    @OpportunityFishing Před rokem

    That's crazy about all the logging! Glad TU is doing some good work out there. I've always wondered why Native Brookies seem small, compared to the brookies in the rockies, but I understand more now.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      Yep! It's tough out east but it's getting better. Just takes time for nature to heal

  • @larryhudson4511
    @larryhudson4511 Před rokem

    Excellent video!

  • @themidnightrider6805
    @themidnightrider6805 Před rokem

    Amazing video!

  • @FishFinderMike
    @FishFinderMike Před rokem

    Love this video!

  • @erictrussell3227
    @erictrussell3227 Před rokem

    I caught a 16" wild brookie in a PA tributary to the Swatara and have pics.

  • @rickrichardg2969
    @rickrichardg2969 Před rokem

    Really appreciate your commitment to both the fishing and conservation. As I get into old age, I find just how much I don't know about many things I'm passionate about. I had no idea that WV was almost clear cut of red spruce.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      Yep! It was clear cut of almost everything. Guardineer knob has the only section of old growth Red Spruce, and it's only there because of a mistake made when the area was surveyed.

    • @jeffreylea2319
      @jeffreylea2319 Před rokem

      @@hardmanfishing Huge sections of NH near my family's homestead were also clear cut of red spruce, for the lumber and paper industries, in the 1850s to early 1900s, so the forests there are also young ones.

  • @matthewjasinski5636
    @matthewjasinski5636 Před rokem

    Thank you for this video. I was shocked a few years ago when I learned that nearly all of our national forests were actually relatively new growth. I'd love to see how large a mid-atlantic brookie could grow under perfect habitat conditions.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem +1

      You and me both! My dad said when the government first acquired the national forest around here most of the trees were just saplings. To see what it's grown to in roughly 100 years gives you hope for the future. Thanks for watching

  • @oldsmugglerflyfishing

    Great video!

  • @jeffrey4869
    @jeffrey4869 Před rokem

    Another awesome video. The native brookie vids are the best! There's a certain mystical draw to the places where these fish live.
    Great to see what W Virginia is doing for their brookies. I wish Pa would make these kinds of efforts to support the native brook trout and the habitat that they require to flourish.
    Something I've noticed several times in your vids is, W Virginia has consistently bigger natives than in Pa. We need to get in gear.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      Thank you!! I've not fished Pa for brookies so I can't even compare them. But I will say that not all of WV has good brookie fishing, but we're fortunate to have a very large national forest that holds some crazy good water.

  • @thomassammons1369
    @thomassammons1369 Před rokem

    Great video! Your videos drive my passion!

  • @WowomgCool
    @WowomgCool Před rokem

    Awesome video

  • @davidclever1534
    @davidclever1534 Před rokem

    The best

  • @skippy7896
    @skippy7896 Před rokem

    Excellent episode.

  • @andikarizki
    @andikarizki Před rokem

    Fishing greetings 😊😊 good morning sir👍

  • @deanvarner9308
    @deanvarner9308 Před rokem

    Absolutely awesome freaking video. Gotta love those brookies

  • @NickTheMadFisherman
    @NickTheMadFisherman Před rokem

    The fact that guys like Dustin exist give me hope for our fisheries. We need more guys like him fighting for our natice trout streams.

  • @derekpowell1762
    @derekpowell1762 Před rokem

    Great vid

  • @appleseeD552
    @appleseeD552 Před rokem

    Great vid as always man. 🙂👍 Love to see this kind of effort being made to prolong a species and to also help restore what was lost in events that took place prior to the awareness we have today. Peace ✌😎

  • @barns.flydrift
    @barns.flydrift Před rokem

    fish at 11:16 is gorgeous😍

  • @bb-fe9ur
    @bb-fe9ur Před rokem

    My great great grandfather told my grandfather that when they were cutting trees in Spruce WV that they felt they would never finish cutting all the big trees.. he saw the forest's of cheat mountain raised to the ground. Fantastic video of course I'd love to see more! Thanks for sharing 👍👍

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem +1

      I would love to talk to you about the cutting of spruce mountain if you have any good stories or info! Cheat mountain isn't far from where I live now and I've driven over it countless times. Thanks for watching!

  • @jblocker6613
    @jblocker6613 Před rokem

    Nice video!! That guy knows brookies. Living near the the Driftless Area I think our native brooks are losing ground to the brown trout.

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem +1

      Yeah we've lost some ground to browns as well. But for the most part they seem to coexist

  • @mikebraden9756
    @mikebraden9756 Před rokem

    Fantastic job on this one!

  • @brooktrout8568
    @brooktrout8568 Před rokem +1

    Im not sure if its all of wisconsin but the trout unlimited needs to chill out here. I had a creek loaded with brook trout, they installed a logjam of sorts and the flow got killed and shallowed up the creek big time, plus the added attention brought an ungodly amount of anglers to such a small stream. Otherwise they do an OK job but they dont install natural enough structure, they seem to manicure the stream and really the fish dont do well in spots like that without wood logjams and brush piles.

  • @jakewhittington8961
    @jakewhittington8961 Před rokem

    I'm from Maryland and fish the gun powder a lot and that said a lot of people don't keep the wild fish there and it shows there are heavy numbers of stunted fish and there are sum spots that hold decent fish but having said that if you don't keep fish and animals in check then diesese and stunted fish and animals will start to begin

    • @hardmanfishing
      @hardmanfishing  Před rokem

      I have no idea what that has to do with this video LOL

  • @sidekickerbrohoof9584

    Before the founding of the US amd the arrival of the white man a squirrel could travel from the east coast all the way to the mississippe river before having to touch the ground. That's how thick the forests used to be in north eastern America.