Taste & Smell: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #16
Vložit
- čas přidán 10. 06. 2024
- Hank resists the urge to devour a slice of pizza so that he can walk you through the way we experience our major special senses. It all boils down to one thing: sensory cells translate chemical, electromagnetic, and mechanical stimuli into action potentials that our nervous system can make sense of. Today we're focusing on smell (olfaction) and taste (gustation), which are chemical senses that call on chemoreceptors. As usual, we'll begin with a quick look at how these things can go wrong.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Chapters:
Introduction: Anosmia 00:00
How Smell Works 2:13
Olfactory Epithelium 2:47
Olfactory Sensory Neurons 3:19
Glomerulus 3:47
How the Brain Processes Smell 4:48
How Taste Works 6:19
What Are Taste Buds (Taste Receptor Epithelial Cells)? 6:40
Types of Taste Receptor Epithelial Cells: Gustatory and Basal 7:53
How Different Tastants are Sensed 8:37
Review 9:28
Credits 10:05
***
Crash Course is now on Patreon! You can support us directly (and have your contributions matched by Patreon through April 30th!) by signing up at / crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Simun Niclasen, Brad Wardell, Roger C. Rocha, Jan Schmid, Elliot Beter, Nevin Spoljaric, Sandra Aft, SR Foxley, Jessica Simmons, Stefan R. Finnerup, Jason A Saslow, Robert Kunz, Jessica Wode, Mike Drew, Steve Marshall, Anna-Ester Volozh, Christian Ludvigsen, Jeffrey Thompson, James Craver, Suzanne, Dustin & Owen Mets, Amy Fuller, Simon Francis, Max Bild-Enkin, Ines Krueger, King of Conquerors Gareth Mok, Chris Ronderos, Gabriella Mayer, jeicorsair, Tokyo Coquette Boutique, Konradical the nonradical
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at / crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - / youtubecrashcourse
Twitter - / thecrashcourse
Instagram - / thecrashcourse
CC Kids: / crashcoursekids
I was born with Anosmia. The most annoying part of having anosmia is how much people forget that I can't smell.
The End, Again Definitely. My best friend of 4 years forgot nearly every single day it was really annoying.
I tend to find it hilarious, especially when they have this 'oh shite' face when I inhale dramatically and tell them 'No, nothing'
The End, Again I can’t smell either!!
Iv got it due to polyps and i totally get this! "Oooh smell this!"
"How about pi** off Karen!"😂😭
I also get "oooh your so lucky!" (Cause i work in care) 🤦♀️
Atleast you wont find bralizilian fart fettish porn vulgar
I'm in an university psychology course and I use Hank's videos as a base to the understanding of all chapters. Thanks man!
So am i!
hahaha me too
I am in 9th grade ,feel like the odd one out
Same general psychology, my textbook is good for details but isn't very engaging
@@shabnamshaikh7531 nah I took psychology in high school in 9th grade too
It would've actually been funny if there was a small bite of the pizza missing after every cut to the animations :)
Lol
I'm just glad to see the continued debunking of the stupid shit that was being taught when I was a kid.
You have saved me and gotten me through BIO202 this semester. I can sit in a lecture for an hour and not understand a word my professor is saying. You can get the same information to me in 10 minutes and I can actually understand what you are saying. Thank you for doing what you do!!
I’m here because covid took away my sense of smell
I really want a behind the scenes/bloopers portion of this video XD just Hank with the pizza... I feel it would be very hilarious to watch
As an 8th grade teacher, Thank you! as a nerd, Thank you! I love that the kids I teach can see senses are far more than a standard health text book shows. I also enjoy the exposure to upper level nomenclature. Thank you!
I like the word 'umami' so much that after hearing it I started reciting it like a lunatic and completely lost focus for about a minute
Great video! Maybe I can contribute some further insight as a layman.
I haven't been able to smell for over twenty years, and there are many benefits. The primary benefit is not being disgusted by pretty much anything, so I never get nauseous and I am immune to those odors that would cause ordinary people to gag etc. Vomit, feces, farts, decay, rotting food or animals cannot be smelled and therefore do not bother me. I could wade through a river of raw sewage and not be affected by the smell (not that I would lol). Getting the flu is not like it was when I could smell - it is more like a bad cold with weakness and fever, and none of the nausea and reaction to smells during a flu occur anymore.
I can also interact with people without the normal distractions of body odor, bad breath, cigarette smoke or too much perfume - thus it is more pleasant and easier to engage with people, as simply people and not be burdened or offended with their smell (offensive or not). Living with, or being around people is much easier when you cannot smell. Perhaps one's impression of another is clearer, and unbiased, when the complexity of smell is removed from the equation. One could say that it was impaired too, but I don't see it that way.
Another benefit is that I am not obsessed with eating all the time or "living to eat" - so weight gain and over-eating is never a problem. I do enjoy food though, because I can taste just fine. I should also point out, that the actual sense of taste (not smell), is now somehow enhanced for me. Since the input is purely taste, I can pickup subtle nuance in the pure tastes of food without the interference of smell. Another benefit is that I pretty much like every food and I don't have any aversions that are caused by powerful smells. I can't think of anything that I won't eat, sans the exotic things like grubs and insects - but I am sure I could get used to them if I lived in those parts of the world where they are the normal cuisine.
I realized after many years, that when people talk about taste, most of the time they are really referring to smell. For example, saying that beets taste like dirt. Well that's not really true, it's just an expression of what people think is taste, but it is primarily smell and texture. In fact, it seems to me, that anytime someone protests certain foods, it is never about the taste, but always about the look, smell and texture.
Powerful chemicals, smoke and other things like that - I cannot smell, but I can "feel" them in my nose as a sensation of burning or my eyes will react - So I am not blind to hazardous environments.
I can certainly remember what things smell like, so there is a reference - and I should be clear that there are times when I wish I could smell again. Smells that I miss, like freshly cut grass, gasoline, freshly washed laundry, coffee, wine, bakeries and gourmet kitchens etc. - but in the end it is not all that bad, and one gets used to it and finds the positives to be rewarding.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
I honestly love this channel so much. My teachers can be so boring and when I do ask in-depth questions, most of them tell
me that it's "not in the lesson plan" and/or that I should research it on my own time. I usually forget or I never have the time BUT with the amount of information covered in just one video is impressively comprehensive and easy to access. Plus, it isn't boring to listen to :) I love the app and keep doing what you're doing!
Hey Hank! This has been one of my favorite episodes so far in this lesson series, and not only because I happen to suffer from Anosmia myself. It was enlightening to look at the senses that I personally cannot experience. I have been like this since birth, or at least as long as I can remember, and I'm just lucky enough to not have complete taste loss. Thanks for making this!
joe mastropiero Me too. Except I lost mine when I banged my head. Of course it would be Hank to be the first person I ever hear talk about it sensibly... a lot of people tell me I'm lucky when I say I can't smell which ridiculous and very annoying.
joe mastropiero I am anosmic as well. The best information I ever received from a doctor was that there's not much information on it, because there's not much money in it.
sarah wilson I hear that "you're lucky" thing all the time. It upsets me as well.
Jason Basgall Well you did better than me at the doctors at least... I was having problems eating as a results of it but they didn't believe that the problem was physical and instead diagnosed me with anorexia and sent me to therapy. Cause you know how teenage girls are all crazy.
Sarah, that sucks. I'm sorry to read that. It's frustrating to not be understood by the folks who are supposed to help you make sense of these things.
poor olivia ;__;
ダグちゃん～ lik if u cri evrytim
same ))':
KOROSENSEI!!!!
Koro sensei?????????????????
Ikr
My wife had (and has) the exact same story as Olivia. It's amazing how much we rely on smell and don't realize.
For Tammy, after several weeks, we did a blind taste/smell test with Lifesavers and candles to prove our theory.
I temporarily lost my sense of smell for about a week and a half, due to a sinus infection followed by very dry sinuses. Not fun at all.
I think I'll be looking forward to this season's outtakes a lot more then usual, if only to see the ones from this particular episode. Seriously, so much willpower involved...!
coming from someone who is Sitting in a college lecture basically a mental and emotional wreck from not understanding anything, watching these really help me to learn stuff for my tests and also make me laugh and provide helpful real life examples that i can use to help understand!
the art was particulary good on this one :)
Lothian Alimantado Isn't it awesome? Thought Café did brilliant work as usual.
-Nicole
As an artist too i have a lot of respect for the whole team, i don't even get their process and it makes it even better. I love all the little touches here and there, the easter eggs and the hidden gems :D
I LOVE that there are different receptors for so many different smells! That's insane and beautiful.
3 months after recoverd from Covid 19 - still can't smell - who's with me 😭😭😭
Just one week passed but its annoying
Did you got it back
I hv got it back almost 80 percent after 12 days
OSP Vibesy your a life saver this is stressing me
Did you take anything
It's so fast Mr. Hank!!! Awesome channel! It was so fast that taking down notes felt like playing some hardcore game! I hope that one day you'll provide us with a reading material (preferably pdfs) so that I wont have to pause/resume pause/resume the entire video to take down notes and absorb some concepts. Sorry for not as being as smart as the others. A short quiz would be nice too!
Let me speak for the Science Olympiad kids out there: WE LOVE THESE VIDEOS
My kids and I really love this channel and we are super grateful for all those making the videos, it's such a nice way to learn opposed to a textbook where we can't be sure we are pronouncing the words correctly.
2:13-2:23
i cant do that
lets all take a moment to appreciate what Hank just did
I have been waiting for this video for SO LONG!!!! I lost my sense of smell /taste when I was nine and no one understands just what that means in day to day life. Thank you for making this video!
These videos are actually really helping me with MCAT studying! Thanks so much
I just want to say, thank you for being so amazing! I'm in college, and you're videos are so helpful, and you are brilliant! Thank you so much!
I honestly don't watch these videos to learn but because he makes boring topics interesting
Now I want pizza :(
Achutha Srinivasan Me too, friend. Me too.
-Nicole
CrashCourse You had such great opportunity to make a joke there! You could've let Hank eat a bite of pizza between each scene and in the end he'd be left with empty hand. Or even more subtle - take different slice of the same pie in each shot suggesting he ate all of it.
Tyler Harris p sherman 42 wallaby way sydney
Tyler Harris p sherman 42 wallaby way sydney
Tyler Harris
the more you know...
finally! updated info about the tongue and taste! this is why i love you guys, all others videos on here are completely outdated.
THIS IS AMAZING IT HELPS ME SO MUCH IN MY PHYSIOLOGY COURSE TONS OF LOVE
These videos are all so helpful for someone struggling through their Psychology degree, I thank you
Forgive my ignorance, I didn't know that psychology classes also taught detailed anatomy.. Good to know..:)
Krishna I have a module called sensation and perception which is why :)
Ok cool.. Since you are a psychology student, may I ask you which mental disorder is most complicated to academically learn?... :)
Krishna I'm afraid I'm only starting my module on that this week so can't give you a very good answer! I studied depression at college which was quite straight forward, I imagine maybe a personality disorder or something uncommon would be more difficult x
All right Natasha..I wish you good luck in your studies...Enjoy your college.. :)
i dont even know how to thank you for all these very helpful videos. i am a biomedical sciences major and i use your videos to help me understand my biopsychology class ! you are amazing
wait, so if I where to spend my whole life sniffing a piece of pizza, then sooner or later it will disappear?
Eijirou Kirishima yea but it would take more than your lift time. More like 1 000 000 years
well now i wanna try it...
I love Crash Course i have been watching you guys for a couple of years you guys are awesome.
This is the third episode I see you eating pizza !!!
areamusicale We just really like pizza.
-Nicole
+CrashCourse Who doesn't?
The Оnlу Holistic Sуstem In Еxisteеnce Тhat Will Shooow Yоu How Tо Curе Yоur Yеast Infeсtion, Еliminаtе Cаndidа Related Symptоms аnd Rеgаin Yоur Nаturаl Inner Bаlаnсe -->twitter.com/bb29bd344165d1d1b/status/784262969735516160 Taste Smеll Crаsh Cоursee А Р 16
these help me so much with anatomy and physiology projects
I'm loving this course! Learning about my brain breaks my brain though.
I'd love to see the outtakes for this episode
I have no sense of smell and I was really hoping this would be discussed. Thanks a lot everyone!
Love you!!! Couldn’t get through college without you!!!
thanks thought cafe if it wasent for the animations i have no idea what hankwould be saying
TheWildCardA uou I was at
This was perfect info. I have a cold and can’t smell anything so I noticed I in turn cannot taste my food as much. I knew they were connected but got curious as to why/how. Thanks dude!
Hank you are great! I am so glad I have access to this
I love how he just say "volatile compounds" so smoothly😂
Love your videos. They help so much. Thank you.
simple yet very informative.
thanks again.
I'm amazed about how good you are explaining. I like you a lot. Thanks!
Love how I'm actually using this as revision for my year 2 medschool exams :') great video Hank, thanks very much :)
Haha I'm using this for the mcat
That was a very good breakdown and a good video indeed.
how am i just finding this channel, this is a life saver!!!!!!
You crack me up. Thanks for being awesome and helping me so much throughout the years.
you are welcome
CrashCourse Both in the video summary and in the end of video review it says that gustation depends on four cranial nerves, but at 9:05 only 3 of them are enumerated (which is the correct number).
I love this section of crash course
This is such a good way of learning
I taught a biochemistry class about smell literally 2 days ago :D. This was great! Thanks :)
I could be wrong, but I'm pretty sure receptor cells express a single odorant receptor and converge onto single glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. So those colored receptors shouldn't all go to the same glomeruli.
Awesome explanations
I've been anosmic since birth, and this video has taught me more than any doctor ever has. Thank you
Do you have any resources where I can learn more about the psychological and emotional effects of anosmia?
Jason Basgall yeah, go to school.
Well, I was TRYING to talk myself out of ordering pizza tonight. Thanks CrashCourse!
Wonderful presentation thanks
my mouth kept watering during this video
A good way to demonstrate this is to close your eyes, grab a candy like a starburst or skittle and try and guess what flavor/color it is. You'll taste a sweet, fruity flavor but you won't be able to pinpoint what it is. You'll be sure its a red starburst and then be shocked to open your eyes and find that its yellow, the worst one.
Thank you Thomas!
Watching this when i know I’m going to be eating pizza for dinner is the most satisfying feeling ever 😂
glad to see you got your pizza! a great episode as always.
You could've talked more about the amazing wiring in the olfactory bulbs and how amazing the symmetry of these two is. And how the chemo sensing neurons send there axons through holes in the scull ^^
DESERVES 10 OUT OF 10
Keep making amazing videos!😁
I love your episodes i swear this helps me alot with psychology ❤️❤️❤️❤️ i just wish u didnt talk so fast 😂 but u r a great teacher and very entertaining
This was the most intuitive episode of all crash cour. You guys have truly taken the art of teaching to a whole new level.
In this video, I learned that anosmia can be caused not only by head trauma, but also through respiratory infections and aging. I also learned that each olfactory neuron has receptors for only one specific type of molecule, or smell. These signals are then sent down the axons where several axons meet up at a glomerulus. At the glomerulus, mortal cells interpret the sensory information and transfer it to the brain. The information then travels to the frontal lobe and limbic system, hypothalamus and amygdala where it triggers a powerful emotional memory. Lastly, I learned that taste is almost 80% smell, and that when you can’t smell during a cold, it becomes hard to distinguish between different types of certain flavors (such as salty, sweet, etc.).
I so wanna see the outtakes for this episode.
This video has made me super hungry... WHY DID I HAVE TO WATCH THIS RIGHT BEFORE LUNCH?!?
I think I love you...
Thanks for having my back in school
Great video, thank you.
love your content, can you include some references to the theories as well?
The part where Hank tells of how a badly burnt tongure will feel better after a while reminded me of something that happened to me.
I got a bunch of very hot wasabi snacks and I downed them pretty quickly, but soon I found out that because they were so spicy, I couldn't taste anything for a few days.
This was absolutely driving me insane, but now I wonder how that it's possible for hot and spicy food to numb the taste receptors of the tongue.
I had hoped to find more information about smell in terms of it's function in other disorders, like PTSD. Could CrashCourse do a series of psychosomatic conditions?
You should write a book, man. You're awesome
Man, you are incredible! ❤
great channel ! keep doing it !
In this Crash Course, I learned: Schools still do not actually have actual scientists check the things they teach before teaching them.
I usually love the Crashcourse series. This one, however, gets TASTE versus FLAVOR mixed up. Smell happens due to the nose. Taste happens due to the tongue. Flavor requires both smell and taste. So for example, a person with anosmia has no smell, has normal taste (can detect all taste qualities), but cannot detect the flavor.
Ok, now I am starving! Thanks, Hank!
incredibly awesome.
I only use my nose to breathe with. Rather unfortunate, because I went one whole year smelling of sweat before someone told me.
i cant imagine a world without Crashcource, nor pizza for that matter :)
it just a helpful ep think you so much ... keep goning ☺
I agree. Its sort of silly that between animations he didn't take a single bit. I agree it's hard not to take a bite of pizza.
Thanks for the enlightenment...
I was going through my subscriptions checking what videos were uploaded today and this one caught my attention because I was born without a sense of smell and have never been able to smell anything all my life. I don't have a sense of smell but I am still able to taste things. I went to the doctor once when I was little so they can try and figure out why it is that I don't have a sense of smell but can taste but they didn't even have an answer for me. I get the idea of how smelling something works, but it's still difficult for me to completely understand and imagine.
Thank you, Hank! We enjoy learning Anatomy & Physiology with you. Do you know when Hearing and Balance will be released? Also, do you have plans for sight?
I laught out loud every time I see this videos I really enjoy them and I hope one day I can teach with these my kids.:)
This is sooo great
I've red an article about umami. It was quite interesting.
I love this video
Lol great vid man. Funny sense of humor!
Hello, CrashCourse. Just wondering: if each olfactory neuron has receptors for just one kind of smell, does that mean people who super smell like my mum have a lower threshold for action potentials to happen? or does it mean they have more olfactory neurons than most people?