How We Shorten Words Is Incredible
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- čas přidán 14. 05. 2024
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SOURCES & FURTHER READING
Why Words Are Shortened: www.quora.com/What-is-the-rea...
Clippings: www.thoughtco.com/what-is-cli...
Abbreviations: www.thoughtco.com/what-is-abb...
Abbreviations vs Acronyms: www.nrel.gov/comm-standards/e...
Acronyms: www.thoughtco.com/what-is-acr...
Words That Are Actually Acronyms: www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/arti...
Initialisms: www.thoughtco.com/what-is-an-...
Diminutives: www.thoughtco.com/diminutive-...
Contractions: www.thoughtco.com/contraction...
Rizz WOTY: corp.oup.com/news/rizz-crowne...
What's you fun idea for a shortened form of a word? I'd love the idea of elephants becoming just known as phants lol.
To call the alphabet just albet, or everything efthing
Umbrella → Umbie
As a Brit, calling a chocolate biscuit a choccie biccie will never not make me happy
I think we should refer to more types of biscuits as biccies. Imagine oat biccies!
One new one I like is TLDR (too long, didn't read). As a gen X person, I'm guilty of typing long messages, most without shortened words. Another one I use regularly is Tho (though). Sometimes I even use a single letter/number to replace a word (U, 4, 8, etc).
Vic is victim
Cell is cellular telephone
Car is sport utility vehicle
As a Canadian, who grew up learning both English and French, I still see bus as a shortening of "autobus" rather than "omnibus".
autobus distinguished from Trolleybus . (strictly they should be Trolleyomnibuses - though often original known as trackless trams)
This is similar to my experience! I grew up in romanian and and I see bus as a shortening of both autobus and microbus!
If I understand correctly, autobus also comes from omnibus, with the shortening to "bus" happening before, right?
Same
@@highpath4776I'll just throw in some conjecture here since I don't really have the time to research this properly right now. But iirc omnibuses existed before self propelled vehicles became a thing - in the form of large, horse drawn carriages.
So in the same way the horseless carriage became known as an automobile, a horseless omnibus may have become known as an autobus.
My favourite is how automobile is shortened to “Auto” in German, but “Bil” in the Scandinavian languages.
And both of them are meant to mean "car". Also, the word "car" is derived from "automobile cart", as carts came before cars and are defined as an object that runs on wheels that is pulled or pushed by an external force, whether it is a human, an animal, or a machine. When the automobile was invented, it basically represented a cart that is pulled by itself, as its engine is an integral part of the vehicle, which is why, it was called an "automobile cart", which was then shortened to "car".
@@AlbertTheGamer-gk7sn Very interesting! I never knew that
@@AlbertTheGamer-gk7snI always thought "car" was a clipping of "horseless carriage" or something, but I could be wrong.
@@AlbertTheGamer-gk7sn does this mean the words car bil and auto are all realated
@@Redhotsmasher with regarding railways, that might be the case. I hear that car(s)s and carriage(s) are interchangable.
I love how we got taxi & cab from taximeter + cabriolet > taximeter + cab > taxicab > either taxi, or cab.
I always thought taxicab had something to do with taxation, which makes no sense considering cabs are usually not funded by tax.
All Correct -> Oll Korrect -> OK
OK -> Okay
Yeah, both of you are right.
All Correct -> Oll Korrect -> Okay -> OK -> Oklahoma
OK comes from someone running in an election (at least that was the version I heard)
❤😊❤😊❤
scuba=self-contained underwater breathing apparatus; radar=radio detection and ranging
Doesn’t that mean scuba suit is redundant? Or maybe not since the apparatus could just be referring to the face mask
It is not redundant. As you said, the mask (breathing apparatus) is the scuba. The suit does not help you breathe.
Also, bonus, there are also SCBA's (self contained breathing apparatus). Used by people like firefighters.
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation = Laser.
So US Americans, unless you spell "stimulated" with a Z, laser isn't with a Z either. ;)
A bit cheating since those are more like abbreviation / acronym no?
Acronym, yes @@DanDaFreakinMan
Within the community of people who love elephants and support elephant rescue organizations, elephants are nearly always referred to as "ellies."
Oh that makes it cuter
An interesting shortening, now loathed in Europe, is "Soccer", which was coined in England after the Football Association published their Association Rules in 1863. When a team was playing "Football according to Association rules" (and not for instance "Rugby rules" or "American Football rules"), they were playing "Association Football" or "Soc" for short - and in the fashion of the time, slightly expanded to "Soccer".
not to be confused with SOCO - Scene Of Crime Officer
Association Football >> association >> assoccer >> soccer. I've never heard of 'soc' as a shortening...
@@InventorZahran It didn‘t really exist. But if you want to explain how to get to it, it‘s an intermediate step.
Ah, I love it when Americans spell Britain as ”Europe"😂
Where I'm from nobody has strong opinions on whether you say "soccer" or "football". The former might even be more common due to American influence. This despite the native word being "fotboll"
@@bountyjedi There is quite a difference between Europe the continent and the European Union. And I've experienced the same rebuffal of the "Soccer" word in Germany or in France.
6:50 "Mrs." has come to be pronounced as the word "missus", but the abbreviation itself is based on "mistress". Other clippings include: "zoo" for "zoological garden", "info" for "information"; "advertisement" just partly shortened to "advert"; anything that holds a "convention", or "con", but not a "con" (confidence) artist, or a "con" (-vict). Plus some based on names of muscles: "abs" for "abdominals", "lats" for "laterals", "pecs" for "pectorals", "glutes" for "gluteals"... Elsewhere, "television" is just "TV", "et cetera" etc...
A taxi is also called a cab. Both came from the term "taximeter cabriolet."
Mrs. comes from "mistress" not "missus". "Care package" was around long before the acronym, meaning it is a backronym.
Fun fact: in Portuguese, we still call bus “ônibus”
Em espanhol eles chamam de buseta kkkkkkkkkkkk
@@sujirokimimami00talvez en españa porq nunca escuche eso xd
@@derkommissar4986No, en España tampoco, se lo ha sacado del culo
*In Brazilian Portuguese. Every portuguese speaking country has it's own word. Autocarro in Portugal, São Tomé and Guinea-Bissau, Machimbombo in Angola and Mozambique, toca-toca in Cape Verde and microlete in Timor
@@sujirokimimami00buseta em espanhol (espanhol colombiano se não me engano) quer dizer micrônibus em português. Ônibus em espanhol geralmente é ómnibus, colectivo, autobús ou bus msm
When i was taking piano(forte) lessons as a teen(ager) in the (19)70's we had books issued by the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music for their pianoforte examinations. It's now the ABRSM piano exams. And as for the violoncello examinations...
Is ABRSM pronounced "Abrosum"?
If piano is short for pianoforte, then why isn't harp short for harpsichord?
@@InventorZahranNo, short for Harpsichord would be Harpsi
@@InventorZahranWhy does my reply keep getting deleted?
Some of my favourite contractions:
Loaf-ward> Lord
Fanatic> Fan
Mobile> Mob
Boatswain> Bosun
Australia> Oz
And my own country NZ (where The Loaf-ward of the Rings was made into a moving picture.)
my favorite contraction is "y'ain't", which is a contraction of the 2 contractions "y'all" and "ain't", which are the contractions of "you all" and "are not" respectively.
Mobile Phone in Liverpool is Moby
Loaf Ward???
Guess I learned a new word
@@everestyt266 I thought y'ain't is just You are not?
@@byeguyssry the "you" there is plural, so you can also use the exclusively plural "y'all,"which I prefer because it makes "y'ain't" a double contraction.
I went to the zoological garden and saw a hippopotamus lying upon the grasses by the riverbank of her enclosure.
The clipping "zoo" was popularised by the song "walking in the zoo" by Alfred Vance
I was sitting in the omnibus stop, I saw a zoological garden nearby.
3:52 My brain cannot comprehend how the numbers are not aligned either vertically or horizontally 😂
I took a moment, but came to the conclusion that the names that would be filled in would then fit the spacing.
Aligning the numbers like that should be illegal
As someone whose cans in the pantry all have labels facing outwards, I feel your pain.
9:49 an individual with both autism and ADHD may have their condition referred to as AuDHD, where the "Au-" is sounded out since it comes from "autism," while the "-DHD" is read out as an initialism.
And just like that, you've created an abbreviation that does not strictly match any one type from this video! Language is kind of amazing.
Audi HD
Clipping an initialism... why does that sound so wrong, but the result when contracted somehow works? (Probably has something to do with the clipping of "autism" standing in for the initial A.)
Also I don't know how common it is, but I generally type AutDHD rather than AuDHD.
Careful with the acronym examples. The dictionary gives an etymology for "care" going back to German and Norse. "Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere" is clearly a backronym.
It's a bacronym on multiple levels as when the organization started just after WW2 it was "Coordinated American Relief for Europe".
One of my favorites is 3M -- originally the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. Always thought that was a cool way of handling that mouthful of a name.
I'll say it once more: When you do initial AND final clipping, I call that word a medonym. Med for middle, Nym for name. I coined that word last year, and I hope you use it in your vocab!
I use it so often it’s morphed into “don” over time 🙃
The pedantic part of my brain wants to say that it should be called a "mesonym" instead, by analogy with words like "Mesozoic", "Mesopotamia", "mesothelioma". When we do get "med" it's usually followed by an "i": "median", "medium", "Mediterranean".
I will use it now!
@@rossjennings4755 I see what you're saying, but I said medonym purely because mesonym doesn't feel as nice when I say it. That's all.
@@rossjennings4755medinyn would work too
Yo bro, saw some dope 'fantz at the zoo last week!
(Having typed that, it occurs to me that "zoo" is a massive shortening of "zoological park" too.)
bro is a shortening too.
@@aramisortsbottcher8201And "yo" is short for 'hello'
And "zoo" in zoological park isn't pronounced zoo.
@@drivernjax it's zo-ological
@@DragonTheOneDZA Oh, yes. I learned that pronunciation over 30 years ago.
What!? The longest word in english is just 45 letters long!!!! In Norwegian it is said to be "minoritetsladningsbærerdiffusjonskoeffisientmålingsapparatur", a word that is 60 letters long. In second place we have "fylkestrafikksikkerhetsutvalgssekretariatslederfunksjon", made up of 55 letters.
What’s the translations?
60?! pathetic.
Wales:
@@DragonTheOneDZA the final boss
If you forget the space anything is long.
Hiragana has entered the chat.
One I immediately thought of at the start that you didn't mention is "bra" for "brassiere". That one has become so common that I had no idea "bra" was a clipping until my mom told me.
Isn't Mrs. an abbreviation for "mistress" and we just use a corrupted oral for of the word?
"a corrupted oral" some words need to be shortened.
I can't help but think of how contractions can go even further than mentioned. People often think of them as contracting two words, but we often go even further. I mean, the "they'd" example can be extended if you want to say "they would have" to they'd've, but I also know there are instances like when one wants to say "do you want to" and shortens it to "d'yunna".
u wanna bet ?
There's always the whom'st'd've copypasta as an example of an extreme contraction
They'dn't've missed that if only y'all'd've spoken up sooner.
bruh my ADHD mind cant deal with multiple contractions :/
Using Captain Charisma himself as an example of the word makes this entire video worth it
I really like how you can take shortened words and use their long forms to make something sound formal, important or oldfashioned depending on the context. It is a great writing tool.
Missed one category. Australian isms, where we clip a word, but add an "o" or an "ie". For example, arvo for afternoon, servo for service station or tradie for tradesmen.
would that fall under diminutives?
Also, "tog" for swimsuit as well.
A fun mix and match example that came to mind: "Soccer" clips the "socc" part from "association football" but since that's not enough it's also got an "-er" tacked on as a kind of diminutive. Ironically the term is most popular in the US, where we don't really use -er diminutives otherwise.
In “Guests of the Ayatollah”, the American hostages said CIA as an intitialism, see eye aye, while the Iranian “students” said it as an acronym, seeah.
Seeah in Portuguese, as well.
Saying CIA as see eye ay is an acronym? What?
@@MrRhombus It is an initialism, like saying FBI as eff bee eye
@@MrRhombus initialisms are pronounced letter by letter: CIA, FBI, USA
Acronyms are pronounced as words: NASA, NATO, radar, laser
An interesting thing about the word "automobile" is it gave us the English prefix "auto-", which refers to things related to cars, and auto is the word for car in several languages. However Danish and Norwegian took the "bil" part of the word and made bil the word for car.
In Polish, we use "auto" for car and "autobus" for bus.
It is actually "bil" in Swedish too.
The word "car" is derived from "automobile cart", as carts came before cars and are defined as an object that runs on wheels that is pulled or pushed by an external force, whether it is a human, an animal, or a machine. When the automobile was invented, it basically represented a cart that is pulled by itself, as its engine is an integral part of the vehicle, which is why, it was called an "automobile cart", which was then shortened to "car".
@@AlbertTheGamer-gk7sn Interesting, I didn't know that.
autogyro is a form of helicopter generally for one or two people
I have never in my life heard someone call a helicopter a copter
It was reasonably common waaaay back in the day, as I recall. I think most people say "chopper" now.
@EJJunkill I’ve have occasionally heard people say chopper, but I’ve mostly only heard helicopter
Roflcopter
My favorite vehicle in all of Marvel comics is the Thanos-Copter.
"I thought we called them 'choppers.'"
"Well, now we call them 'hueys.'"
(Yeah, that's an obscure "Short Circuit" quote.)
One of my favourites is perambulator becoming pram, which I only know from reading 'Peter Pan' as a kid.
Also 'goodbye' starting out as 'God be with ye' becoming a written abbreviation 'Godbwye', then vowel shifting and losing the awkward 'w' to be spoken.
Back when I was playing CoD4 in 2007 a Swedish kid on TeamSpeak said "Lol" when the rest of us were laughing at something, which just made us laugh even more.
Ohhhh god, this vid takes me back to last year in Linguistics class when we learned about clipping. The professor gave wayyy too many examples, and she went way too fast. Actually going to your channel for topics that she didn’t make sense, helped so much, and I still watch u today (I was subbed to u before that class, but I really watched you during that class) that’s why I’m so excited that people are still invested in this channel just as much as I am. Keep going with the hard work Patrick! 🙏🏼☺️
“I luv da ida of lang n words so much” this is kinda like that
I enjoy how wrong the complex contractions feel in writing... Shouldn't've for example.
we need a name explain on why you sometimes end sentences with a voweluh
Fun fact: in Polish language omnibus means person who know a lot about everything
Congrats to the French for shortening some of the longer Larin words. So parabolare became parler. That means it's a parliament and not a parabolament. Also compute became count and fragile became frail. However, top prize for turning aqua into the sound "o".
Tele (far) + phone (sound) = Telephone
American: call it phone
Futa (two) + nari (thing) = Futanari
American: futa for short
To many languages, shortening is very misunderstood
dont google futanari
@Astra27idk rip did you find out the hard way?
@@ottovonbismarck2191I did
Very...interesting choice of an example
@@LeReubzRic tragic
"They'd've" is my favorite weird contraction that might not even be in the dictionary.
"They would have"
Whom'st've
Who(m) must have
Multi-contractions are fun.
"would, should, could?"
"wouldn't've, shouldn't've, couldn't've."
I love how he says uh after every word ending in consonants
So the short bus is *really* the SHORT 'bus'! ;-)
Most of these shortenings don't bother me, but for some reason, changing refrigerator to fridge does bother me.
I also don't care for "rizz" but I guess I'll get used to it.
I see that I'm not the only one who thought of 'short bus'.
My favorite example of writing using no contractions is the Cohn brothers’ remake of True Grit. The actors do not use contractions either.
I'm only 32 & have ALWAYS been a proud Charismatic young man, who has an undeniable Charisma, with the way I speak, I simply REFUSE to say that I've got the RIZZ & HOW DARE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY DECLARE RIZZ as the word of the year for 2023!!!!!!!! JUST WTF!?!?!?!?!?!
The longest word gets a LOT longer if you're allowed chemical compounds.
the all terrain armored transport from star wars is shortened to AT-AT but some use it as an acronym others use it as an initialism
In Uruguay we actually use "ómnibus" quite a lot. However we do often shorten it to "bondi". I thought it was a local thing.
nice argument, however i have already portrayed you as a sad tedious long word vehicle while i have portrayed myself as a happy brilliant short word vehicle
can'o would probably be redundant often because usually people can just say "can" and drop the object and any other attached verbs like "do"
One of my favourite clippings is "dude", which is believed to have come from "dudesman" (a dated word for scarecrow)
2:31 Omnibus is still used, just now it refers to spending bills in Congress "omnibus bill"
I think one of the main reasons as to how some shortened versions stick and some dont is distungishabiliy. Like the shortened version should be unique enough to not be confused with anything else.
for example someone in the comments have mentioned how in elephant rescue organizations elephants are actually called "ellies". If that's the case I think it is because then you would know that they are talking about elephants and not your friend Ellie.
What would you call something like “gonna” which is two words, “going” and “to”, pushed together without an apostrophe and having the spelling changed. This happens quite a bit with (something)-to, like gonna or gotta.
This is an excellent topic you covered
I was in my 50s before I learned that 'TARP' was short for 'TARPAULIN' I only hear the full word when watching British TV shows.
I've said "I'm waiting for an omnibus", but it was a comic omnibus, aka a book compiled from every issue of a comic book (if it's several issues but not all of them, it's a TPB/trade paperback)
My fave is I18N = Internationalization. I18N started in the computer programming world. It's the process of making a program's output understandable in multiple languages.
My mom's nickname is a complex clipping:
Her name is September but she goes by Temmie from the 'tem' in Sep-tem-ber.
EDIT: I guess my mom's nickname also qualifies as a diminutive.
We shortened a whole ton of words
As an American English speaker I have always shortened refrigerator to fridge, but my Filipino English speaker wife shortens the same word to ref.
Aussies have so many shortened words we literally shorten everything - this should be the norm 😂
Helicopter has been clipped as both 'copter' and 'heli', as well as the modified form 'helo' (pronounced "hee-lo").
I refuse to believe a “bus” was originally called an “omnibus”
I've called an elephant an "ele" a time or two.
But what I'm really waiting for is the wide-spread acceptance of compound contractions.
They'd've
Sholdn't've
It'sn't
And, apparently, my autocorrect is registering "they'd've" as a correctly spelled and acceptable word. o.o
OK. Is the finest usage of shortened words ever.
God be with you -> goodbye
"LOL" is often pronouced as a word, so would be an acronym in those cases... While "can'o" as "can do" isn't a thing, "canno' " as an alternative contraction of "cannot" is a thing particularly in Northern England and Scotland.
"LOL" being pronounced as a word unto itself came after it being used as an initialism, which is probably why it was used with that in mind here, but it's probably one of the few that became an acronym in its own right afterwards too.
ROFL is an old version of LOL
It was also pronounced like that
LOL literally became a new word and is used for making sentences positive and soft instead of laughing lol
As a teen learning the Latin ablative and dative cases, I noticed the “-ibus” ending and thought “I wonder if that’s where the word bus comes from”, but chalked it up as a puerile idea. And then when I got older, I realized “wait I was right!”
I hadn’t felt that much satisfaction over a correct etymology since the time when I told my mom, at age 4, that “Fig Newtons” must be named after Newton, Massachusetts, only for her to tell me they weren’t. Then, about 20 years later, I realized they *were* in fact named after Newton, Massachusetts, and I felt extremely vindicated.
National Biscuit Company: Nabisco
North American Electric Company: Norelco
Rocket Mortgage Field House: RoMoFiHo [okay, that’s more local and obscure even on that level]
Phobia words tend to become extremely long, imho.
And of course the fear of long words is a long word. Because the person who made it is a sociopath
Hippopotamonsterousquippedillaphobia (i think I spelled it right)
Elephant was already shortened to elp in old English. It only dropped out of use because the Normans got it confused with help. "What is dis invoice? I asked you to give me 'elp, not an elefant!"
Those poor h-dropping people...
Noah Webster brilliantly shortened spellings of many words for American English.
In french they use "verlan" which is used in slang that shortens some words (usually in syllable count) just by flipping the word around (although there are some rules to its that im not too sure of)
In Northern Ontario, there is a community called Nolalu. There is a very large Finnish population in this area, and a lot of communities have Fin names, and most people assume that Nolalu is another Fin name. It isn't - it is a shortening of Northern Land and Lumber.
Likewise, Kenora (also in Northern Ontario) is a shortening of the names of the three communities that amalgamated to form the town: Keewatin, Norman, and Rat Portage.
"two-for-the-price-of-one" into "twofer" will never not be funny to me
Personally, I would love to see y'all'd've (you all would have) become more mainstream
oh how I hate it when people use "copter". Helicopter = "helico-" spiral + "pteron" wing
There is no prefix "heli" and there is no suffix "copter".
It's like shortening "doctor" to "octer", what a moron would do that? 😢😂
“With the single s replaced by two Zeds” 😂
How tf is that funny
What about instances where we replace parts of a word, or ab entire word with letters or short phrases, that spund alike, like using r u instead of are you for example, or how in german n8 is often used instead of Nacht
m8 mate
Come on, we all know El Phy is how we refer to what used to be said as Elephant. It's just so elgy.
Actually with refrigerator the shorten version “fridge” actually has a “d” in it which isn’t present in the full long version of the word so is it still a clipping if the spelling of the shortened version spelled slightly different?
I don't know if you go over this but there's also a difference between initialisms and acronyms: acronyms can be pronounced, initialisms cannot. Take for example NASA (acronym) and CIA (initialism)
as a regular user of the radio I hear a collection of repeats of radio plays as an omnibus
What about when we replace long parts of a word, or even a whole entire word with letters or numbers, that they sound alike, like using u instead of you, or in german, where they use n8 istead of Nacht?
I am -> I’m
going to -> gonna
I’m gonna -> Imma
when a name shortens, it sticking depends on how well it sounds when said, a shortened for of a word won't stick if saying it feels wrong
Honesty the Can'o for Can do is a really good idea and i will use it everywhere around my school and freinds an\s much as i can.
What is an/s
I sometimes use double contractions both in writting and in speach. For example I'd've for I would have...
I'm not sure it qualifies as proper English but in casual settings it seems to go mostly unnoticed.
they'd've'ad used more contractions if they were more daring
Renege came from renegotiate and recap is short for recapitulate
When he was talking about contractions he forgot cannot becoming can’t
World Wide Web ->
Double yoo double yoo double yoo
How to shorten a phrase from 3 syllables to 9.
We still sometimes call it omnibus in Uruguay, most people say bondi for short, idk how we ended up with bondi though
My favourite type of a contraction is a contraction made from 2 contractions for example they'd've (they would have) i try to use them when i can
Would you consider a portmanteau to be an 8th category?
Instead of elephant try ‘leph’
Whoa, I had no idea that the Care in care package even was an acronym.
New York State School Music Association -> NYSSMA (pronounced "Nissmuh")
I mean omnibus is used to mean the collected issues of a comic book in one volume for some reason
People pronouncing an abbreviation out loud is one of my favorite fallout jokes. How people keep calling big mountain the big empty.