Ron Vale (UCSF, HHMI) 2: Molecular Motor Proteins: The Mechanism of Dynein Motility
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- čas přidán 16. 06. 2024
- www.ibiology.org/cell-biology...
Molecular motor proteins are fascinating enzymes that power much of the movement performed by living organisms. In this introductory lecture, I will provide an overview of the motors that move along cytoskeletal tracks (kinesin and dynein which move along microtubules and myosin which moves along actin). The talk first describes the broad spectrum of biological roles that kinesin, dynein and myosin play in cells. The talk then discusses how these nanoscale proteins convert energy from ATP hydrolysis into unidirectional motion and force production, and compares common principles of kinesin and myosin. The talk concludes by discussing the role of motor proteins in disease and how drugs that modulate motor protein activity can treat human disease.
Part 2 discusses recent work from the Vale laboratory and other groups, on the mechanism of movement by dynein, a microtubule motor that is less well understood than kinesin and myosin. The lecture discusses the unusual properties of dynein stepping along microtubules, which have been uncovered using single molecule techniques. The nucleotide-driven structural changes in the dynein motor domain (elucidated by X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy) are also described. A model for dynein movement in the form of an animation is presented. However, much remains to be done in order to understand how this motor works and to test which elements of this model are correct.
The third (last) part of the lecture explains how the movement of mammalian dynein is regulated by other proteins such dynactin and adapter proteins. It also describes the effect of post-translational modifications of tubulin on dynein motility. This talk features the use of single molecule imaging techniques and biochemical reconstitution to study these problems. Unanswered questions on dynein regulation are also presented.
Speaker Biography:
Ron Vale is a Professor of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology at the University of California, San Francisco and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is also the founder of the iBiology project.
Vale received a B.A. degree in biology and chemistry from the University of California, Santa Barbara, and a Ph.D. degree in neuroscience from Stanford University. His graduate and postdoctoral studies at the Marine Biological Laboratory led to the discovery of kinesin, a microtubule-based motor protein.
Dr. Vale’s honors include the Pfizer Award in enzyme chemistry, the Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research, and elections to the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Medicine, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Besides studying the mechanism of motor proteins, Vale’s laboratory studies mitosis, RNA biology, and the mechanism of T cell signaling. - Věda a technologie
Totally, totally, totally inspirational!!! "One small step for a dynein, one giant leap for mankind." Thank you, Rick Fearn
Mankind 🤮 His brain is all we need
It's really amazing how much we have learned about the cell in my lifetime. 50 years ago we were taught that the cell was a "simple" conglomeration of cytoplasm and a few other organelles. Mind blowing.
I always love this PRATT. Creationists love it too. Could it be that your inclusion of the word "simple" is your own unjustified extrapolation, akin to what would happen in a game of telephone?
As an mechanical engineer this size and complexity of "machinery" is just mind blowing and how far man kind has to go to understand motor functions.
I will have to re-school myself now! :)
Still mechanistic @ the molecular level! Sigture in the cell? Is this ‘ alien tech’?
I am absolutely fascinated by the way life works at the chemical level . With no real education in biology I really appreciate the way Mr.Vale explains these systems . He makes it so easy to understand. I also appreciate the honesty . So many people online , because they are experts in their fields , act as if everything is understood. Ron isn't afraid to admit that they are looking for answers and everything isn't already figured out . Much respect and thanks to iBiology and Ron for the great honest content that is so rare on CZcams and social media these days .
I've watched this several times, and am humbled and amazed by these miraculous molecular processes. Ron Vale is a brilliant and inspiring teacher!
Incredible animations and wonderful explanation by Dr Vale. Super high quality material ! Thanks a lot
Thank you, Dr. Ron Vale for amazing lectures
The videos of the moving dots are fascinating. The detective work in the labs is breathtaking. The explanation is clear, engagingly clear. Ron Vale did it again!
God did it in the first place!!
Prof. Vale and his group have done a tremendous job with this series of videos. The discussion was highly informative, and more importantly, highly accessible. Very clear explanation, and very informative graphics. Thanks so much for putting this information out there. Makes me want to switch careers.
This was beautiful! Very comprehensive and well explained, only took one viewing to grasp.
Dear Dr Ron Vale, this is the clearest & best explained, lecture on this subject I've seen.. So is your 1st episode..
*(I'm watching this in 2023, so 8yrs later, there still aren't any better 😋) 💯
such a shame imagine a lecture of this quality with the information gathered today.
Absolutely fantastic. I have a couple of 15-year-olds I've been trying to lure out of the video-gaming space, and start studying real-world sciences and the evolution of the technology which allowed us to create the modern world we live in. Material like this, explained in simple language, and simple step-wise fashion is exactly what I've been looking for. Thank you Dr. Ron (and thank you Howard !;)
Thank you, iBiology and Dr. Ron Vale, for both the excellent content in this video and for the work that you do. I appreciate you and your colleagues' efforts in exploring these interesting aspects of life and am enriched exponentially after listening to it. Again, thank you and please keep up the good work!
Gotta love this. These animations are so interesting, fun and useful!
I like his honest approach to say we do not know, instead of persons who know everything...👍
This was absolutely fascinating, and clear enough for a layperson to understand. Thank you for sharing with curious minds!
Excellent presentation! I have the feeling that your work will give the next "Giant leap for mankind"
Thank you professor,these subjects truely wowed me
"DIDO", By gosh even a complete brainless layman slug like me, can understand this when explained so beautifully. Pardon the self deprecation, my favorite comedic pass time. I can surely see a time in the not to distant future when these structures, and functions become well understood, and we are able to engineer our way to wellness in so many situations.The metaphors are so important to break through the confidence barrier. We are all so grateful that you share this with us. If we can somehow keep from doing anything to stupid in the next 20-30 years, we may actually get somewhere as a species with the help and example of a 3.5 billion year old experiment.
Wer are already there.
At 5:47 the good doc referred to melanocytes as a type of "skin" cell when in fact they are derived from neuroectoderm. That's right the cells that shade our skin eyes and hair are from a section of our outer embryonic layer that has already begun to infold into nerve tissue-the inception of our CNS. So the diseases that affect pigment also affect our nervous system where melanocytes function as well.
So much for intelligent design!
Really… how do you reckon that diseases disprove ID?
Damn this made my professors lecture so much easier to understand. Thank you!!!
Thanks, so nicely explained, thanks again for making these videos, available free.
Talking about these complex Motors in microscopic size and you still believe in evolution amazing
Thank you so much for sharing knowledge!
Really ibiology helps me very much
You made me SOOO excited learning this, I am a Med School student but to be honest I hated this topic so much because my professor is terrible explaining, until I found your videos on this I was impressed on this! :)
Wonderful Biochemistry explained by Animations ..
Thank you for uploading such a informative videos
these videos are great. thanks so much.
This might just be evidence that our creation may not have been by chance, but by a being with higher technology. All these motors and their function do not appear to be a random occurrence, but more like a highly complex coordinated dance of ballet, tap, Jazz, waltz, hula, indeed countless more dances all together in a massively choreographed event that sugestests an even greater choreographer. If this is not evident to science, then they are not capable of rational thought.
Would love to see your 2021 update, this was wonderful to learn.
A really good lecture. Thanks.
Thank you tor this movie. This is some millions dollar worth for me. I mean priceless. Thank you.
How do they maintain lanes, deal with lane changes and avoid collisions? There must be a sideways processes. Collision detection and non random rotation around the tubule. There must be chaperone proteins in the cellular fluid that are partly docked to the tubule that switch lanes and serve as railway signals.
I only just randomly came across this stuff today.
So based on my limited understanding, these motors can also be associated with diseases through mutations.
This I believe opens up the possibility discovering what causes what is commonly defined as Dyskinetic Syndrome (loss of control over mobility, random mobility) in Tarantulas and other arachnids within the pet trade - which either ends up in a painful death for the animal, or "Mercy Euthanized" by the owner to end the animal's suffering - without ever there being a chance of recovery.
If you were to find/locate a tarantula with DKS, it could become possible to:
A: Identify what exactly is causing DKS
B: Potentially come up with a mechanism which could help cure/treat arachnids and other animals suffering from such conditions.
C: How would such a study and potential treatment be applied to non-humans?
Thanks for a very interesting pair of videos. Can you tell me what happens when the motile units hit the +ve or -ve end of their journey? Do thay fall off the track and get disassembled, for their constituant parts to be used elsewhere? Or do they get transported back to their start-points by the other type of motile unit?
Thank you sir
Thank you.
I started watching this to go to sleep but stayed up because it's so incredible and now I can't stop thinking about how cool everything on earth is, brain go brrrrrrrt
Very nice and very informative. Do we know which structure dynein or kinesin's move "faster"?? Are they differentially expressed in certain cellular components e.g. sperm axoneme? And does the difference in "speed" reflect the cellular function dependent on location of expression?? Since dynein is larger, I presume it takes bigger steps??? Thanks!
He didn't say, but comparing the descriptions of how the two motors function, I would think the kinesin moves faster, striding steadily forward with each step, while dynein takes a "two steps forward, one step back" approach.
Thank you Ian Gibbons, RIP, January 30, 2018
RIP
Awesome
tq so much explained so well
Amazing
This is really interesting. If Dynein is minus-end directed, what happens to it when it reaches its destination? Since it can't go back to the positive end, something must happen.
So glad real scientists are doing real science. The more we learn about our amazing extremely complex purposeful intelligent design the harder it becomes for evolutionary scientists to explain how such immensely complex systems could evolve at all.
Nicely presented rented,so even this high school dropout can make heads or tails out of it. Thanks very much.
I’m trying to imagine stepper motors, sensors, triggers, ligaments and locks but my mind keeps coming back to purpose and software. There is a tremendous amount of work been done but it’s the difference between raw minerals and an MIT robotic Spot. I look forward to further developments on more information on our creator’s devices in the future. Thank you.
The assembly of complex molecules involves a series of enzymes that must react in a proper sequence, very often producing intermediates that are useless to the cell until the final product is formed. Evolutionists imagine that these enzymes evolve randomly, often from a duplicate gene, and that the succession of steps in the synthesis, at least often, represents the succession of steps in the historical evolution of the process (the Granick hypothesis). But forces of natural selection could not operate to favour an organism which had ‘evolved’ a series of enzymes which merely produced useless intermediates until it somehow got around to making the end product. The Calvin cycle requires eleven different enzymes, all of which are coded by nuclear DNA and targeted precisely to the chloroplast, where the coding sequence is clipped off at just the right place by a nuclear-encoded protease. In reality, as described in the preceding paragraph, none of the enzymes can be missing if the Calvin cycle is to function. It is true that many of these enzymes are ubiquitous in living systems because every living cell needs to generate ribulose phosphates for the production of RNA, but evolutionists cannot solve the problem by merely pushing it back in time.
The assembly of chlorophyll takes seventeen enzymes.21 Natural selection could not operate to favour a system with anything less than all seventeen being present and functioning. What evolutionary process could possibly produce complex sophisticated enzymes that generate nothing useful until the whole process is complete? Some evolutionists argue that the assumed primeval organic soup had many of the simpler chemicals, and that only as they were used up did it become necessary to generate the earlier enzymes in the pathway. In The Mystery of Life’s Origin: Reassessing Current Theories, the authors set forth the good basic chemistry that demonstrates that there could never have been an organic soup, and present some of the evidence out there in the world indicating that there never was.22 Denton23 and Overman24 also cite a number of experts who suggest that there is no evidence for such a primitive soup but rather considerable evidence against it.
Chlorophyll itself, and many of the intermediates along its pathway of synthesis can form triplet states, which would destroy surrounding lipids by a free radical cascade apart from the context of the enzymes that manufacture them and the apoproteins into which they are inserted at the conclusion of their synthesis.25 According to Asada26 ‘triplet excited pigments are physiologically equivalent to the active oxygens’, and according to Sandmann and Scheer, chlorophyll triplets ‘are already highly toxic by themselves . . . .’27 The entire process of chlorophyll synthesis from δ-aminolevulinic acid to protoporphyrin IX is apparently tightly coupled to avoid leakage of intermediates.28 Almost all of the enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis are involved in handling phototoxic material.29 For many of these enzymes, if they are not there when their substrate is manufactured, the cell will be destroyed by their substrate on the loose in the wrong place at the wrong time. Apel30 has cited four of the enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis for which this has been proven to be the case. This is a significant problem for evolutionists, who need time for these enzymes to evolve successively. Each time a new enzyme evolved it would have produced a new phototoxin until the next enzyme evolved.
nature had nearly infinite quantities of atoms and time. ultimately a molecular event is just following physics. evolution is not an assumption but merely the summary of what is observed or empirically evident, creation is just imagination without verifiability.
Please make a video for Taurine.
We need more of you! We thank you. We will now clone you.
Complicated 'machines'' are designed. This video shows proof of God Intelligent Design of the human (and other) life.
Amazing discussion of how subcellular motors work. I'm impressed that what we have learned is still incomplete, even though our understanding has improved over the years.
Myosin and kinesin were thought to be related, one being derived from the other by virtue of evolution, but now we know they're not related at all...
It's amazing that all this complexity can be declared to be the result of evolution because the lecturer says so, and then he can change his mind and tell us something else.
Life used to be so simple until we found out it isn't.
All this molecular machinery that functions together so perfectly to perform vital tasks at the right time and in the right order gets more complicated every year as we find out more about what's involved.
In case you haven't heard, Darwin is dead.
Please What is the electrical aspect
Involved with our molecular activities?
We though inch by inch was small. Thanks for the video.
god i wish i knew what any of this meant, it sounds so interesting
How does the atomic flurescent stuff target specific feet independantly?
If all these different motors can move only in one direction, how do they come back to the starting point? Maybe the other motors carry them back?
THis is really fascinating. Any updates on it as of now?
Is that you in your profile pic?
@@VinceLA91 yes
HAVE YOU GUYS THOUGHT ABOUT USING MACHINE LEARNING OR AI TO HELP TO FIND OUT HOW THESE MOLECULES WORK?
" We just do stuff"! - Carl Swaggan
so the movement of kinesin is rythmic alternative
while that of dynein is nonrhythmic semiautonomous between the dimer units
cool
Ahmet Yıldız. He is Turkish. Thank you for video
Are the in all animals the same?
Yeah down there
how does everything just make use of ATP so elegantly??
An uniformed source of energy.
Hmmmm maybe it was designed.
@@Greasy__Bear this is science, it kills religion
@@hindugoat2302 😂 good one. Im afraid that it is religious people that destroy religion, not science. That and the brain washing camps we call schools and colleges.
@@Greasy__Bear religion encourages blind faith, the ignorance of logic and evidence...
it puts humans at the center of everything, when really we are insignificant and pointless.
More blood has been shed in the name of god than any other cause.
But for that emotional comfort it gives us, we ignore all that.
Doesn't the dynein motor domain jiggle from brownian motion in 3D, such that it would jiggle crosswise or transverse to the microtubule, not just fore and aft along the stalk? Wouldn't that open the probability of transverse movement? I didn't see that indicated in your motion video. Brownian motion doesn't seem to account for progressive movement tho even with the lever arm, just by all its very nature...more like some elecmag attraction being activated between motor domain and microtubule. Just sayin.
So DNA itself doesn't actually determine your traits? It interacts with proteins via molecular forces to, as a whole, determine body structure and inherited genes? WOW! I'm only in 11th grade so I haven't taken any college level classes other than AP ones, so forgive me if I ask a question about that I am supposed to know, but does that mean DNA/proteins/RNA are the simplest molecules that can actually perform all these functions necessary to keep life alive? It brings tears to my eyes to want to understand how life arose and how the universe truly works🙂
Keep studying your biology and the other pieces will fall into place. DNA and RNA hold the patterns for building proteins; other processes express those proteins to perform cellular functions. We don't yet have a clear picture of how life emerged (abiogenesis), we have a number of complementary hypotheses, some combination of which may have been the way living systems developed. It's hard to say what actually happened so long ago, we have to extrapolate from what we observe of the chemistry that evidently existed on the early earth.
why people don't learn more about this on their own to help understand the origins of life is beyond me.
This probably is the least of many people's concerns as they go about their daily lives.
@@bokchoiman it's unfortunate, but this is just as important as understanding how wave functions are just as good at describing matter as standard concepts of particles. People are dumb and incurious. It's depressing the number of comments from shit head creationists on this particular video
Love the videos
,but I have a theory
We have to look at this also lime hoe atoms working in an electrical and magnetism. I seems to me that they are reacting to aaa3 as a resister and also they are switching back and force from - to +. Allowing it to move forward on the host
Sorry for the miss spell taping fast
Great stuff. I love the whole series. I ask that Ron please take "uh" and "um" out of his dictation, it is very distracting. Toastmasters would help.
It’s also digitally fast, time division multiplexing!
First let me say beautiful presentation, and fascinating work. It took decades of research and study by highly intelligent people to reach this point and we still have no clue, how, why, what. May I suggest all the labs of the world couldn’t build a machine with a fraction of the complexity, and yet we’re told to believe this all happened and happens by chance and time. One of which does not exist as chance is not a force, and time which only produces death. After seeing this and continue to believe in evolution is to check your brain at the door. Again beautiful work, but there’s no evolution here.
yeah, because you don't understand then God did it. Why explore anything if that is the answer?
All the labs of the world could easily do it, given millions of years and thousands of square miles of ocean full of organic chemicals doing random things, only one of which has to succeed at a 51% level
Dear alexr2324, thing is, you have an agenda. The many scientists who do this work are expanding knowledge. You, on the other hand, seem to be complaining about the fact that these very smart people work very hard, day after day, year after year. Somehow you don't like that. Apparently, you have neither the intelligence nor the industry to work as they do. So, while they are busy working, you come along and presuppose that they all have some kind of "God issue" that demands your efforts to set things straight. In reality, the scientists are doing what intelligent people have always done: using their brains. I doubt that you spend much effort (on anything really) complaining about past scientists who developed the wheel, or the airplane, or the cell phone, or any of the other things we take for granted. Yet you seem very disturbed that God is not mentioned in every other breath. Otherwise, I suppose you would have to find some other way to make yourself superior to others. My condolences.
Dear @@itsReallyLou, As a young aspiring scientist myself and former evolutionist, I ended up as an electrical engineering, nevertheless I took many of the same classes scientists take on their way to organic chemistry and beyond. I know what the scientist say, I've read, listened and studied them for the last 35 years, I have seen nothing that explains the origins of life that makes any sense or can produce any result. But don't take my word for it, why don't we hear what Werner Karl Heisenberg the German Nobel Prize winning theoretical physicist and one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics said about it... he said; "The first gulp from the glass of natural sciences will turn you into an atheist, but at the bottom of the glass, God is waiting for you." Apparently you have not reached the bottom of the glass, so keep drinking my friend!
@@alexr2324 in general i find that ppl who refer to themselves as "former evolutionists" can't explain what evolution is so in reality they weren't. They're simply boasting or exaggerating Your equivocation of evo with the origin of life confirms this
QUESTION:
If 1 nanometer is considered to be 1 centimeter long;
1 millimeter should be equal to how many centimeters?
ANSWER:
1,000,000 centimeters.
or 10,000 meters,
or 10 kilometers
please quantify how much more violent the shaking from brownian motion is at the 29 min mark of this video it would be good to at least keep a real mental model of reality at scale to conceptualize these functions correctly
He looks younger in this iBiology than the one in 2007.
in the year 2040 he traveled back in time to year 2007 to do whatever
wow
por favor, donde estan estas motor molecules, donde trabajan? cual es su función? gracias
So Dynein is moving by doing Michael Jackson Move, lean forward without falling. I don't get it
I tried replicating the walking modes, variable step size, and back steps by pacing it out in my hallway. I would be an untalented dynein molecule. And my wife thinks I'm losing it.
Huh... i wonder how rigid these motor proteins are.... are they like flippy-floppy string, or more akin to a solid lever?
Incy wincy dynein steps along the microtubule
But Brownian motion caused it to take a backward step
Along came some ATP and caused a conformational change
So the incy wincy dynein could move forward once again
Dynein seems less efficient then kinesin and myosin.
All glory goes to God.
Evolution has given us some crazy wacky ways of getting the job done.
38:19 my brain insists on them having eyes in that hole
When they unload the cargo, how does it get back to the opposite polarity end to get it's next load? They only go one way either + to - or - to + you don't explain that. I see..."Not fully understood" really means "We have no idea"!
Which " evolved first" the motors or the ability to create and dismantle the tubular highway? I wonder how the tubular knows when/where it's needed and where to connect to and when to dismantle. It seems to be controlled by some mechanism inside the cell. Would that controller have evolved before or after the tubulars. Hopefully before because the cell would not work. But without the tubulars the cell would not work, and the controller would not be needed. All of those must have all developed or evolved at the same time. How how did they know that was necessary... Seems more like the cell entire cell and it's enormous number of machines would have to evolve fully functional and containing everything instantly. Ain't evolution miraculous? If any one tiny component wasn't there from the very start, the cell would die and dead cells are not going to make anything or evolve.
You explain how it moves, now explain how it knows what to move, when to move it and where to move it. How were the loads moved before they evolved? No movement, the cell dies. Dead cells don't evolve.
Ya ya ya ya yeet ya
yeeeet yaay yayaya ya yeeeeeet
who designed these machines
A well payed army of engineers .
No-one
@@synhegola if no one did why do we have so much difficulty making much simpler ones?
@@fernandohood5542 Classic ad hominem.
How did the cell survive without these machines before it supposedly evolved?
My brain exploded after watching this vedio (っ °Д °;)っ
Something on the micro scale, exhibiting ‘ macroscopic’ behaviour, paradox?
If cells were interrogated, they would not accept the cell theory, but define life much more molecularly and would perhaps admit that matter entirely is ALIVE. ....
What language is he speaking?
It is so fascinating that all of these molecular motors spontaneously arose from non-living particles, and they somehow knew what to do to start making DNA/RNA - putting the proteins all together perfectly to make a living cell that could move, eat, excrete, and reproduce. It is also so freaking amazing that when non-living space dust assembled itself like this, there existed the right environment for survival and something for that very first cell to eat, so when it did reproduce the future cells could continue to eat and evolve for billions of years into people.
Thanks for proving that cells have always been complex thus destroying the theory of evolution and proving creation. What complex design.
*"...dynein is an incredibly complicated machine." (**1:00**) "So, simply because this motor has been so big and complicated, it has made it difficult to study." (**1:40**)* When hikers see a small pile of rocks marking the trail (a cairn), they know immediately that it did not self-assemble via natural forces. So why do some people, when they look at molecular machines, shout, _"See? Proof of self-assembly via natural forces!"_ Humans really do see what they are looking for, don't they?
When hikers see a cairn, they recognize it as a man-made object because they have seen or heard how cairns are assembled by humans. When scientists investigate the natural world, they don't go about shouting "proof of self-assembly!" They simply follow the evidence. Evolution is sufficient to explain how these things developed. Scientists don't invoke supernatural explanations because this requires unnecessary assumptions and it abandons the search for truth. Investigation stops when you proclaim "God did it."
Most people are not intelligent enough to understand evolution, even though it's quite a simple process in its core. Their unsophisticated minds are more inclined to make up fanciful entities like gods and flying unicorns because they don't care about evidences, they only need a purpose in life and a good, understandable, morally human reason to be here, alive.
@@jmvh8736 *"Most people are not intelligent enough to understand evolution."* How hard can it be, jmvh? You understand it.
@@IsaacNussbaum Ba-dum tss.
This is old. How old is this? Is this too old..?
I apologize, but I thought "Minecraft flying machines" are somehow simmilar to these molecular machines...
د.
Dynein, the original silly walker.
It's amazing to see that each machine has an inherantly designed task, and so many pefectly exicuted consecutive steps are required for the construction of the DNA into the many components of a fully formed healthy organism.
If an amino acid connects to another acid, that is "chance" due to the approximation of the two chems, yet fully functional "working machines" are in no way associated to the word "chance." Each element in the highly complex structure has a proper address, and each machine can access the proper address without any additional motivational stimulant than that for which it was specifically designed.
Without the direct intervention of an intelligent biologist, the existence of any working machine, let alone self built over any length of time, is a joke from any mouth. To say that all these atoms could have ever been constructed into any "working complex structure" "which interacts with any other working structure" "to the fulfillment of the DNA's grand plant without each part containing knowledge of the full plan" "all working directly against entropy" again, without intervention or guidance, is absolutly absurd in the upmost degree to any stretch of the imagination(even for an evolutionist's non-scientific opinion).
Your personal incredulity has no impact on the validity of these finds. If you can't imagine it to be true, it doesn't mean it's false.
If you were to see an incredibly complex machine half as intricate as this, would you ever even begin to consider that it just happened into existence or evolved? Nope, you'd look for the designer.
Billions of years of selection towards efficiency produces results, engineered or otherwise.
@@gavin9088 negative, what random chance creates, it destroys before it's finished. Mathematicians have laid it out. Even the smallest, most primitive life form would/could never evolve, let alone something as complicated as this. Time and chance don't produce complicated biological machinery, ever. These don't have eyes or brains or ears, yet, they are programmed, not guessing what to do. To assume otherwise is ludicrous.
@@ShannonSmith4u2 I'm not arguing for or against abiogenesis, there's some wonderful people who are devoting their entire lives to the question and I, nor most likely you, have the background or comprehension to understand what these people are working on.
I am comfortable, however, to say that environmental factors play a key role in the selection of mutations. Motor proteins are proteins coded from RNA from DNA and created by organelles, these mutations, while random, can in rare cases produce a more efficient means of locomotion relative to earlier generations of proteins, more efficient means less cellular energy is lost, more energy can be used for other cellular tasks and ultimately the animal is more fit for survival because of this protein being more efficient.
Higher fitness to survive means that it has a higher chance to breed successfully and pass the same type of mutation to it's offspring where they too will be slightly more fit to reproduce. This trend of genetics is indisputable given the ecologic and generic evaluation techniques that we have today.
Whether or not a god created evolution is not an argument for science, that's philosophy. The existence of Evolution is not a philosophy anymore.
@@gavin9088 hey Gavin, nice response, I appreciate your politeness and willingness to explain your position without anger and condescending comments. I must disagree, of course, evolution is a philosophy and I'd even say a religion, because it is not provable, and every few years, something drastic in it changes. Thereby nullifying previous "beliefs", which they are. They're not facts, because they're not provable. Thank you, again.
@@ShannonSmith4u2
Everyone knows there is no way it could happen by chance. Scientist have to use evolution of the gaps otherwise they could be black balled.