DIODES! All Sorts of Them and How They Work (ElectroBOOM101-010)
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- čas přidán 7. 06. 2024
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Also I hope you develop a great appreciation for diodes, they are almost as good as resistors!
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By: Mehdi Sadaghdar
0:00 Intro on Diodes
1:24 P-N Junctions make Regular Diodes
3:11 Regular Diode Behavior and Model
7:04 Break Down and Zener Diode
9:05 TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor diode)
9:56 Photo Diodes
10:24 Solar Panels
10:39 LEDs (Light Emitting Diode)
11:13 Varicap or Varactor
11:59 Schottky Diode - Věda a technologie
HI! ... this one took me like 5 days morning to midnight to edit!! I thought ElectroBOOM101 was supposed to be easier, but this Mehdi guy is just holding me captive and asking for more!! LIKE THE VIDEO NOW otherwise he makes me add more effects!!
Hi Mehdi!
I like diodes
And also this Mehdi guy
Done bro
Does he electrocute you with his electric guitar.
Hi Mehdi 🙂 it's Nice to see the most funniest ElectroBoom Made Another New Video Thank Goodness Because I've Been Waiting For Someone To Post More Entertaining CZcams Videos That I've Subscribed To ☺️
Took my professor 5 lectures to get through Diodes, and you efficiently went over them while keeping my attention. Well written and expertly conveyed. Loved it.
When you get paid by an hour:
They also derive lengthy equations... So I guess it's understandable
@@commieSlayer69 it's not about if they derive it from lengthy equations if you can't understand what they are talking about it doesn't matter I bet I learned more from Mehdi then my professors from my uni
@@commieSlayer69 Everybody is gangsta until yo are asked to calculate the depletion region based on the doping concentration and applied bias voltage =)
That's a common problem with lectures... they seem to be too focussed on "the details of X" instead of - at least at first - list all the different basic things and then go into the details. We had a professor that took that to the max: one year worth of lectures about how to make steel from iron, instead of the planned "material and machining basics".
I have a degree in electrical engineering and I just love this channel. even knowing as much as I do this channel still fills some gaps in my understanding I didn't even know where there. fantastic job as always electroboom.
"There are a MILLION DIFFERENT TYPES!
Maybe around ten. But there all made by fusing two different materials together and the junction has MAGICAL PROPERTIES."
Subbed. Been watching here an there for awhile and don't know why I never have! Now that I'm getting heavy into electronics, it's absolutely mandatory!
Lol those diode title screen inserts were magical. One item i've never quite understood are diodes rated above ionization point, or above 360 volts. Let alone how a 15kV diode works. When you get to that high of voltage, my understanding of how they withstand such pressure starts to get foggy.
I think those are just many diodes in series
HV Si diodes like 15kV are composed of dozens of series PN junctions, with under 1kV blocked per diode. As such, the forward voltage is much higher than an ordinary Si diode, like 10-50v per device. The individual diodes they’re comprised of are quite thick and have a much higher voltage drop than ordinary diodes (~1.5). The magnitude of this resistance varies with construction as a standard or ultrafast device (like a 60hz xray tank/microwave oven diode vs high frequency voltage multiplier diodes), but either way they exhibit a great shift in forward voltage (which is seen very obviously due to being multiplied by the number of series voltage drops) with current.
da nunu dannna doo danooo
banana
.
Or parallel.
One of your best videos to date, Mehdi. I've been doing electronic design for years, and knew most of the uses and properties of diodes, but did not know WHY they behaved the way they did. I learned a ton!
go to schol becase teecher says go to schol? am i circus animel or what? i make yt videes becase thats my dreem. liv my dreem is what i do. thats what i do. hopefooly the videes are good for you deer scott
You have been designing electronic for years without elementary knowledge ? No way bro..
@@jmenonenidulezite561 You don't need to know how electronic components work on an atomic level to understand how they behave and use them.
It's just general knowledge and unless your work involves building or designing semiconductors, it's quite uselss to know it.
I've learned two ton!
@@AxeActly That is literally one thing you dont have to know ok, but he said he learned ton of it.. I would be ashamed, Iam working in design too and something like diode characteristic is just an tip of iceberg.. They didnt mentioned frequency problems at all, temperature characteristic,recovery time,etc.. Iam just saying that if someone who dont know this desing some serial products.. I hope not.
I loved the reveal of each diode type. It's like Pokemon, or more like a anime reveal with smooth animations and anime style music.
Here are all the time stamps for the REVEALS of each diode!
Regular Diode: 2:47
Zener Diode: 8:21
TVS Diode: 9:19
Photo Diode: 10:21
Solar Panel (sort of diode): 10:35
LED: 10:52
VariCap: 11:43
Schottky Diode: 12:04
Tunnel Diode: Say sike right now.
Constant current diode: First time?
Lambda diode: Sike !
Gunn diode: You can’t see me !
Hey Mehdi, you probably get this a lot but I just wanted to say that the amount of effort you put into your videos and projects is really appreciated. You present the world of electronics in a very informative, entertaining way and I think you're a wonderful teacher!
totally agree! When a teacher is passionate about what he teaches... thats the best thing a student could wish for. Luckily we have internet and people like Mehdi to fill the gaps our teachers in college leave ^^
Mehdi is the ultimate electronics version of a woodshop teacher who's missing fingers.
You can learn more from failure than success.
Only until you run out of fingers.
@@jhonbus still got toes
@@thunderbolt997 I got a chuckle imagining someone trying to use a table saw with their feet.
@@thunderbolt997 got a spare if you're a boy
Lol 😂
I love how he's so knowledgeable about what is going to happen yet every time he is hesitant to turn on power just in case it explodes. Feels like standard procedure with an electrician.
I can confirm It kind of is😂
:D Yes, while there is some truth to it, you should realise that his videos are all scripted (just in case it wasn't obvious). Here's a great interview where he talks about his production routine:
czcams.com/video/utuvmyuavbY/video.html
So he (almost) always know what he's doing (except in the case of the Jacob's Ladder case which almost killed him)
Here's the Jacob's ladder video (the important moment is exactly at 8 minutes ^^):
czcams.com/video/lT3vGaOLWqE/video.html
If you want to know more details, there was a great talk together with Dave (EEV Blog):
czcams.com/video/UStV3zyhgnQ/video.html
The important part starts at about 16 minutes ^^
@@Bunny99s oh so thats teh jacob incident. I thought he killed someone called jacob.....and couldnt find a video on that...hahaha
Well, he is an electrical engineer. He knows a LOT more than someone like me (a lowly electrician) when it comes to electronic circuits and the nitty gritty of how electricity works at a fundamental level. However, when it comes to conduit, wiring, and all that jazz I think I'd have the upper hand since that's what I do every day. I do have to be familiar with a lot of the same concepts because if I wasn't I would just be some schmuck putting black to black and white to white and not knowing how anything really works.
Still, when it comes to testing a panel we installed in a switch house (where you have equipement costing 10's of thousands that controls hundreds of thousands of volts that power the grid) we do get nervous. You can do everything right and have a faulty relay that trips when it shouldn't and that will take your breath away! And of course you never want to see the magic smoke, because once it's let out then, well, she's dead, Jim.
Yea...my job can be stressful, but also awesome, because I deal with the power grid every day and any little mistake that could bring a line down could cause a HUGE amount of money to go poof. Not to mention if you are outside working around 500Kv and you have induced voltage on the equipment you're working on. That's why we have grounds! All that sizzling can be kind of invigorating though!
I think I'm going to get a subscription to Brilliant though. I really want to know more about the engineering side of things.
i’ve watched your videos for years way before i was a mechanical engineering student. I just feel so touching when this time i finally know what are u talking about and this is the stuff i was exactly learning at the moment. Thank you for inspiring me to be at this field!
I wish I would have seen this video while I was still doing my degree. It was so much clearer and approchable than my teachers lessons.
Thanks Medhi !
Exactly
Yesterday i got my EE degree and i really wanted to thank you for everything that you are teaching online, thanks to you I was able to understand a lot of concepts!
Congrats internet stranger. Godspeed
Congrats you made it through!
LETS GOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!
congrats
Not an easy degree :) Congratulations!!!!!
Mehdi is one of the few people that could make education so entertaining to watch and learn at the same time
engineer gaming
engineer gaming
And things go boom (or poof)
yes
engineer gaming
I love how you explain these complicated subjects in a simple way, and while keeping it fun, too.
I love the check valve shoutout, as I have installed a few of those in my decades as a semi trailer mechanic! They have to have them for the air tanks, for one thing, so their brakes work... so they're kinda important. 🤔 😉
Love the shoutout to vacuum tubes, too! My dad spent nearly his whole working life working on stuff that used vacuum tubes, and I still have some in a couple of boxes and a few ancient, broken pieces of electronics, LOL! Brings back memories, thank you. ❤❤
It's so cool to start understanding better how the things that surround us work, little by little. Watching this channel is great because I can watch each video multiple times separated by some interval and each time I re-watch a video I surprise myself understanding one new thing that I didn't even realise was there on the first watch because it was "masked" by too much of my ignorance about the subject. CZcams science education works!
Engineer: "Huh, the diode produces an insignificantly small electrical current when I shine a strong light at the PN junction."
Normal person: "Yeah, yeah. That's neat but could you do something useful instead of playing with your electronic toys?"
Engineer: "...I wonder what would happen if I make the PN junction as big as the roof of my house."
I love engineers!
I thought I can't learn anything from a video about something as simple as diodes but here we are. Finally I get why there is so many symbols for them ... and that neighbors don't try to steal out sun with those big rectangular things.
Actually, the photoelectric diodes (solar panel diodes) are still very small, just very large numbers of them arrayed in a grid.
huh
I think it was discovered by people working on ships and noticing the light changed the readings
Engineers are the true heros of this world.
Actually the solar panel was invented in the 19th century. It was many decades before we understood why it works.
I love how Mehdi does something extremely dangerous and stupid one moment, and then switches to advanced mathematics the next moment.
I think he's trying to kill the stupids and make the other smarter
It balances out.
To include much of the American audience you have to do stupid stuff or you'll lose them in the math.
This 13 minute video has got to be the the best video of all relevant diode types out there. Simply amazing, thank you so much :))
Even though I am a computer science engineer I love electronic things because of him . I started to watch his videos and learnt great things . Thanks Mehdi ♥️♥️
I learned about most of this stuff when getting my degree (some of which I actually remembered despite not having used it in over 10 years), but I didn't realize that the overall pattern to all of these different types of diodes was essentially selecting for specific traits that *all* diodes have and working out formulations that increase those effects while tempering others. It's a good analog to selective breeding minus the biological and evolutionary undertones.
Yes, however the selective breeding is significantly lessened in "back-to-back" applications.
Not so much selection but designed for specific traits.
Selection implies they are manufactured and then selected for their required purpose and that isn't what happens.
@@deang5622 Material/construction selections produce products that emphasize different properties, that's what I was getting at.
And variants on the Schottky diode named Tunnel diodes (or Esaki diodes), when mounted in a resonant cavity can be low-power microwave oscillators or amplifiers, when biased correctly.
do you have a book (book title) about this that you could share?
You can get a tunnel diode with a heterojunction (or just a normal junction of very high doping). Both of these have normal (ohmic) contacts not Schottky. I thought that's how they were made nowadays but I checked and it seems that there are some schottky MIM tunnel diodes out there. And if you're going for RF/microwave diodes, why not also mention Gunn diodes (which is barely a diode, but also used for high frequency) and IMPATT diodes (Definitely a diode, but more like a zener/avalanche diode than anything else), Wide BG PIN diodes, etc. I think of all the diodes I mentioned, PIN are probably the most common that didn't make it into the video. You can just buy those normally and they're not even that expensive. Even PIN photodiodes are available. I think solar panels use PIN, though I'm not sure about that.
For anyone reading this later, a PIN diode is the same as a normal diode, but it has a layer of insulator between the P and N. This increases the depletion region by the width of the insulating layer. Because of this, they have more capacitance and also much higher E field. Because of the E-field they can switch very fast. Since the depletion region is large, some photodiodes are PIN diodes, since optically generated electrons are swept through the depletion region and out the diode very effectively from the high field, and there's a larger depletion region for the photon to hit.
@@BardhAzizi w2aew has a few diode videos including tunnel and pin diodes.
I like your funny words magic man
@@samfedorka5629 There are some kind of diodes, which are able to behave as negative resistance, if I remember correctly. Does it the PIN diode, or something else? (or I misunderstood something in class years before?) :)
Thank you so much Mehdi! This is one of the most useful electronics tutorials that I have ever seen! You are a master teacher.
This is the first of your videos I've seen and it took me back to my late 70's electronics classes. Bonkers presentation. Subscribed.
This is amazing. I was actually in need of a lesson in diodes. This is quality stuff. Lots of love 😍
Man this is my favourite video so far, I loved the editing and it made me realise how cool and important diodes are. Brings backs memories to when I first asked my teacher about forward voltage.
As a smooth-brain I wasn't able to grasp the concept of diodes after watching a couple of other people's videos. The way you described it as a check valve instantly made it make sense to me. Thanks.
This was the most entertaining and educative course about diodes I ever had. It was clearer than the several weeks my teacher tried to explain semiconductors in university
Editings skills are getting too powerful
Electroboom 101 series is dedicated to over-editing the videos after all!
How is ur comment 6 hrs ago while the video is released 17 minutes ago !!!???
They are watching us !!!!
@@motabhainfriends8461 wait a minute! WTH?
This is awesome, our teacher tried to explain it few years back but he tried to give us every info possible that my brain melted.. I figured it out later when working with diodes but this is golden! Simple, fast and easy to understand!
this has to be one of the best educational videos on CZcams, it's made so well, thank you!
If I may say... this video is.... Brilliant!!!! Okay, bad pun over... I knew of the various diodes and most of the properties, and even why most do what they do... but it was still a bit "hazy" in my mind even so... You provided excellent clarity and focus in a tiny "soundbite" style that was highly memorable and then left hints to go down each rabbit hole for further information. Excellent balance between high levels of information and connecting it to a solid and memorable demonstration for reinforcement. I wish that all teachers were like you and actively being able to engage and keep the attention throughout. I salute and heartily praise your efforts!
I love this series! Makes me remember basic electrical engineering courses.
“No one writes diode and accuracy in one sentence.“
- Mehdi, while reading a script that he himself wrote.
This is fine.
If you think that diode accuracy is bad, try looking at fuse accuracies. We are talking tolerance levels of 100 to 1000 %.
@@henke37 czcams.com/video/j-qoCXmkZhY/video.html
@@henke37 The ultimate "meh, close enough"
Except when it results in fire. In that case, it's more like "an effort was made"
I know you're mostly trying to make funny electronic videos, but you're a great teacher. Thanks Mehdi!
Really awesome video. I’ve always wondered about this, but never needed it enough to find out. Thank you for this 😊
As an electronics engineer that no longer works in the field, this video reminded me of why I fell in love with the subject! So fascinating! Wish my former teachers had taught me better though.
I did 4 years of electrical engineering and I now understand diodes better than I ever have before.
Thank you
You made this stuff more fun to learn while doing it faster then my electronics professor. Keep doing this!
this is the most enjoayble lecture on circuits i've ever had. thank you.
This guy .. his videos make me smile al the time. I love it so much.
Mr Carlson's Lab is a GREAT channel. I'm pretty sure I got recommended his videos because I started watching you. I love the mysterious laboratory equipment he somehow manages to get.
Yeah, it's awesome. He is a mad scientist of electronic equipment collecting - there must be some serious investment in all that old stuff. I get the impression he is selling (at least some of) it off after renovation, to fund his addiction.
Mehdi is such a fantastic teacher. Especially with 60+ hours of editing.
You're a phenomenal teacher. Thank you for all the fantastic content!
One of the best tutors in Electronics, whom I love learning from 🙇
0:34 one diode is misaligned
Pretty sure its not called a FUUULLLLL BRIDGE RECTIFIIIIEEEERRRRRRRRRR
That scared me cuz I thought I got it wrong in my exam
thank you for your videos! Im taking a mod in semiconductor right now and its really hard to understand but thank you for your high-quality videos! It makes learning these electrical things more fun and engaging than ever!
Absolutely amazingly done. The perfect depletion region of depth, humour animation and coverage. Wow.
You're doing a great job sir, Wish I had you as a faculty in my electronics engineering and never had to switch to IT Support.
0:43 Side note: Inductors and capacitors are linear, but their voltage-current plot (characteristic curve) is not a straight line through the origin, though. For example, if they're used in circuits operating in sinusoidal steady-state _(i.e._ sinusoidal voltages and currents), then their characteristic curve is actually an _ellipse_ centered at the origin.
You are correct. "linear" does not refer to the voltage-current plot, it refers to their linearity in the algebra sense: If you sum or scale inputs you get summed and scaled outputs.
The instantaneous voltage and current do not have a direct linear relationship. Instead, there is a linear relationship between the voltage and current *functions* in the Hilbert space.
Great video! Thank you for taking the time to create it.
Only Tech CZcams I follow from my school days. From school days when teacher used to force us to learn electronic to now when no one is forcing me to learn these things but still watching his videos and learning so much. Lot of love❤️
Always love the vids! Great knowledge, making me feel brilliant once you finish explaining!
Also, you just got me a 3D printer, so I'm an even bigger fan than before!!! :-D
Did you actually win the printer?! Awesome! Which one?
The Lulzbot TAZ Pro S! :)
lucky you
Man the video is just uploaded 6 mins ago how do you posted a comment 10H ago😐?
@@thuggamo1988 patreon with early access to videos.
Is there a full version of those intermissions when you introduce a new diode type? It's oddly charming, I'd like to hear it.
Seconding this
Do you mean the piano music? I'm pretty sure it's taken from the game "Getting Over It". Try this -> watch?v=T2a8i8BKV60.
The animated board is very nice, thank you for that upgrade and for the 101 series, it's helping me a ton.
this was amazing.. please do more of this
Thanks mehdi this will actually help a lot for my test
Our lecturer made this a boring class😴, but electroboom thought us entertainingly and understandable at the same time🤩
Thank you mehdi sir.
This was extremely useful thanks! I have a much better understanding now then I did before
We drew i-v graphs of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias just today in our physics practical exam :) great video!!
Great video again! Thanks for sharing knowledge
I made a Full bridge rectifier with my LED bars and you could see the diodes rectifying mains voltage. I also had a reverse breakdown voltage issue therefore added some other diodes in series to fix that. If you would like, I could send you some of my LED bars such that you could also do it ;) it was a fun side project
that would be interesting to see
Finally, I've been trying to understand how diodes work for years and struggled to. Thank you!
Thank you! I loved the breakdown....and humor. ENJOYING to LEARN makes everything go down easier!
thank you for making this video! It was really useful, I've been waiting for this for a long time😅
This was amazing! Please make more of these as it is very helpfull for students such as me
I would love to see transistors explained like this by you!
He missed the type "diac" and "triac" though. The diac is essentially two diodes in series and the triac is like a a diac with an off-on switch, kinda like a regular transistor, except it allows current to go in both directions.
You can use a diac and a triac to build a simple dimmer circuit for incandescent light bulbs by using the forward voltage of the diac to trigger the diac.
There are plenty of examples of this circuit out on the web
Edit: diac should trigger the triac*
Edit 2: the diac is not "two diodes in series" but parallel.
@@TheExileFox im not sure how does Diac work
Diac Is 2 diodes in parallel with opposite directions right?
So what purpose does it have? If the diodes have different direction then current can flow both ways or not? Therefor it cant be used as normal diode
This video is amazing! I am currently studying Electrical Engineering and this explanation for diodes was just amazing!😊😊👍👍
Really? You got teachers that bad ;)
Now go look up diac and triac. The diac is like two of the same diodes in parallel but facing the opposite direction allowing current to flow both ways. The triac on the other hand is like a hybrid between a transistor and a diac, so if you supply the gate with enough current, the triac will conduct power in both directions
Funny you made this video the day before my lesson about p-n junctions, amazing introduction to the topic.
Finally, another ElectroBOOM101. Been waiting for a while.
1:25 Hey, that's the line that took way too many takes.
Very nice video. Love learning about the different uses of diodes. I expect these are pretty integral to Variable Frequency Drives that get used in 3-phase motor circuits to control speed. Could you do a video breaking down how VFDs work? The solid state electronics of converting DC to AC fascinate me and I would like to better understand what is happening there.
Ummmm, well, I wouldn't consider diodes as a integral aspect of VFDs. The diodes primarily just provide the rectification from AC Mains to DC that the circuit operates on, which is pretty much the diode's normal use-case (as in "full-bridge-rectifiers").
A VFD is basically just an adjustable inverter, and operates in a similar way to a Switch Mode Power Supply and many other modern electronics. Search CZcams for the following phrase and you will get a good rundown on 3-phase VFDs...
"Variable Frequency Drives Explained - VFD Basics IGBT inverter"
Beautiful ❤️🐼 I'm so happy this video was made! I'm making my own fuzz pedal and this got me thinking in new ways !! Cheers 🥂
Amaizing lab! Great video! 😍
Great video!
Just want to add that diodes can also be used in physics as particle detectors; if you get a diode very close to its breakdown voltage, it means when certain particles hit the diode, it results in full breakdown due to the little bit of extra energy from the particles. Just think it’s neat and wanted to share :)
Nice. Using the very high slope of I-V curve near the reverse breakdown region.
mehdi u aint ever gonna get old man this "shock therapy" is makin u live longer 😂😂, mans has taught me alot
This entire video was amazing!!! Thank you so much for Mehdi!
You are just great, always leave with two things: knowledge and a smile. Muchas gracias Mehdi
0:10 what a smooth segue, LTT eat your heart out 😆
Huh, i've heard of PN junctions in transistors, but never knew it's also in diodes! (it was in a chemistry lesson so we focus more on the silicone and the impurities used instead of the practical application)
Well, if you stick two diodes together, so that they share either the P region or the N region in between them, and apply a small voltage to the middle, that's a bipolar junction transistor!
@@zuthalsoraniz6764 But that bipolar transistor will not work. And the reason is: the transistor works because the base layer is so thin. Using two discrete diodes back to back, the middle base later is too thick, too wide.
Want these types of videos! Thanks man!!! 👍
Mehdi please make this kind of video for all components. We got teacher who can't explain with this much clarity. 😊
6:49 why's that so satisfying to look at
Yeah lmao
"ElectroBoom, Mehdi Here"
Approved by VSauce
I've learnt toooooo much about electronics with these kind of videos. A thumb up for you.
👌 Great refresher course. Thanks.
Nice tunes 2:48
(4:15) And diodes can be used as fuses too!
Excellent video, well worth the effort in making, thanks for sharing.
this is a great video, you could say... it's BRILLIANT.
Best video I have ever seen that demonstrates Diode variations
It's interesting... today I had my first lecture on diodes. As soon as I got home I got notified on my phone about this video. Is the universe trying to tell me something? 😳
Yes.
That the lecture did a poor job on account of there being multiple ones, over the course of multiple hours each. So the universe said: here's a better, shorter, and more entertaining 'lecture' on them that you can watch from... Well, almost anywhere, even while at the next lecture session us you want to do some real meta-shit! 🤣
Very great video, as always!
You should do something on the theory behind transistors and MOSFETs or/and a video on vaccum tubes
It's awesome when you can learn something new in a fun way, well done
This was a good refresher :)
1:07 I feel like I have watched this part 40 times already.. hmm..
As soon as I heard 'surf the surface' I immediately recognised the line as the one he was having trouble saying
You should demonstrate a Full Bridge Rectifier using LEDs. Can you actually see the current path change, perhaps using a lower frequency than main's voltage?
This would be a cool demo.
I'm pretty sure he's done that in an earlier video on them. I remember somebody has, and it makes sense that it would be The Rectifier...
Mr. Carlson has already done this here: czcams.com/video/qTb65aoYA_Y/video.html
It’s towards the end.
good idea!
I've considered that, too, being an uneducated tinkerer of electronics... However...
🤔🤔🤔🤔
** is now considering making one using small _solar panels_ **
☺️
uploaded the video at the right time
I have started semiconductors chap of my course just yesterday
Thank you sir for explaining with the best possible simplicity. Didn't take me the whole of my brain to understand the concepts. You're an absolutely amazing teacher. Thank you!
As a physicist the simplification about the depleted zone made me smile :D My lecture book details the workings of diodes in about 100 pages :D I have a terrible memory of pulling this subject at the exam and failing miserably :D University PTSD triggered again. Thanks Mehdi :D
1:18 this is Déjà vu... I've heard this before
Happy Nowruz ElectroBOOM! Thank you for all of your great videos!
I've been waiting this episode for years !