Mongols: Western Expansion - Battles of Legnica and Mohi 1241 DOCUMENTARY
Vložit
- čas přidán 3. 05. 2024
- Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: ow.ly/3MPp30hIuYu
The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US, UK, and Australian markets. The Great Courses Plus is currently working to both optimize the product globally and accept credit card payments globally.
The thumbnail art for this video was created by BurenErdene.A - www.burenerdene.com/
After the great expedition of Jebe and Subutai, which culminated in the battle of Kalka in 1223 between the Mongol troops and the armies of the Rus principalities and the Kipchaks, it was a matter of time before the Mongols would attack Europe again. After the death of Genghis Khan, the conquests of the Mongol Empire focused on three main directions: Asia, Middle East and Europe. In this video we will cover the campaign of Batu khan and Subutai in Rus lands, Poland and Hungary with the focus on the battles of Legnica and Mohi.
Previous episodes:
Rise of the Empire - Battle of Yehuling - • Video
Fall of Khwarezm - Battles of Parwan and Indus - • Mongols: Fall of Khwar...
Expedition of Subutai and Jebe - Battle of Kalka - • Mongols: Expedition of...
Support us on Patreon: / kingsandgenerals or Paypal: paypal.me/kingsandgenerals.
We are grateful to our patrons, who made this video possible: Fahad Al Mandil, Rene Malmgren, Bashir Hammour, smoke420today, Ferran MacDonald, Koopinator, Daisho, Łukasz Maliszewski, William Fluit, Juan Camilo Rodriguez, Murray Dubs, Félix Gagné-Dion, Fahri Dashwali, Kyle Hooton, Mohamed Thair, Pablo Aparicio Martínez, Iulian Margeloiu, Chet, Jeyares, Amir Eppel, Thomas Bloch, Uri Sternfeld, Georgi Kirilov, Mohammad Mian, Brian Crane, Muramasa, Gerald Tnay, Hassan Ali, Richie Thierry, David O'Hare, Christopher Commins, Chris Glantzis, William Pugh, Stefan Dt, indy, Mario Nickel, R.G. Ferrick, Moritz Pohlmann, Russell Breckenridge, Jared R. Parker, Kassem Omar Kassem, AmericanPatriot, Robert Arnaud, Christopher Issariotis, John Wang, Joakim Airas, Nathanial Eriksen, Joakim Airas, Chuan Kit Kee, John Padalis, Raphaël Dordeins, Donovan Moore, Howie Truong, Chuan Kit Kee, Håvard Siegel Haukeberg, ccplz, Tepes Obrejac, Jon, Emil Johansson, Patrick Riordan, Marc Kuiper, Qamil Lita, Jack Roelofs, Fernando Henrique, iMattyz, Rbj, Frat, The Noob Game Developer, Jacob Filmer, Travis Tiffany, Tomás Cortés Benjumea, Mensur Hamzic, Maxwell Gaughran, Kristofer Eriksson, Dave Ormsby, Aaron Snakenberg, Razen Alsuwaihel, Scott Buster, Erik W Thurnher, Tim Taylor, Umar Farooq, Shaduf, Thijs van den Brink, Jeff Sweetin, Elias Macias, Mark Daly, Michael Martin, Seth Pikaart, Belisarius Imperator, Sandeep Murthy, Zadik, Dustin Walker, James Ellis, Blaz Pongracic, Tommy Xyooj, Tommy Xyooj, Udayan Karmarkar, Scott, Guillaume David, Deepak Dwarakanath, Nikhil Shah, Mike, Mike Morgan, Αμί Νταντά, Ted Brigante, Christoffer Eriksson, Michaël van Rijsoort, Tyler Whittaker, Ezra Folbert, Edward Hunt, Javi Amador, Christian Gundersen, Ravvage, David Elrod, Aaron White, Jacob McNallie, Josh Cornelius, Mechiel van der Hoeven and Cyrus Ahmadi.
This video was narrated by our good friend Officially Devin. Check out his channel for some kick-ass Let's Plays. / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives
The Machinimas for this video are created by one more friend - Malay Archer. Check out his channel, he has some of the best Total War machinimas ever created: / mathemedicupdates
✔ Merch store ► teespring.com/stores/kingsand...
✔ Patreon ► / kingsandgenerals
✔ PayPal ► paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
✔ Twitch ► / nurrrik_phoenix
✔ Twitter ► / kingsgenerals
✔ Facebook ► / kingsgenerals
✔ Instagram ► / kings_generals
Inspired by: BazBattles, Invicta (THFE), Epic History TV, Historia Civilis and Time Commanders
Machinimas made on the Total War Attila, using Machinimas made on the Total War: Attila engine using the great Medieval Kingdoms mod.
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
Songs used:
If we utter the word "envoy" ever again, please, send the envoys. EDIT. Really sorry for not being able to answer everyone, already working on the next video.
Kings and Generals Lesson learnt: never kill Mongol Envoys.
stop killing the envoys!
Are the video series with Napoleon concluded ?
When your enemy send envoys to parlay, don't kill them. That is the Golden Rule. By killing them, you just brought the apocalypse upon you.
If you kill the envoys, we're telling the Mongols.
Mongolian envoys seem to be a terrible job to have
Well, at least it was a straight forward job. Go to court, demand submission with threat of extermination, remind what happend in Persia.
...and then get head chopped off.
... every single time
Treaty of Windsor being a Mongol envoy is like mission suicide
Treaty of Windsor I bet the insurance companies refused to insure them.
Mongol general: "Hey what if we just pretended to run away to draw them in again and then surround them?"
Advisors: "We've tried that like 10 times already, they won't keep falling for that."
General: "Trust me."
10 BATTLES LATER:
Advisors: "How are they still falling for this?"
Mark Runyan. In reality no one is falling for it. You and your fellow soldiers are being slaughtered. So you see a opening that's possible you can escape. Just instinctual to take it. I know the brave people online would rather stay and die fighting though.
because the speed of mongol campaign (not enough time to prepare) and the quality of westerns kingdoms intelligent (spy) which is crap...
It's called Adrenalin. Unless you have level headed leader general will fall every time.
that is called "TRICK". Why they fall this trick again and again? Because it was so convincing. Regular generals can't even do that.
I guess they forgot to google "mongolian tactics" at the time, fking amateurs /s
Envoy Lives Matter
huge disrespecting khaaaaaaaaaaaan
LOL!
444 likes + 4 comments on the line ))
@Dominus Telcum no, Envoy Lives Matter
Every kingdom exept Mongol: *angery as fuk*
God just stop killing the envoys
I was about to say that. Molgonians always found it as one of the greatest insults to kill envoys. They decimated countries for much less.
seems like they sent envoys on purpose in order to get a excuse to invade
It serves no purpose whatsoever, other than angering the envoys' commissioner.
It's a win-win situation for the Mongols. If they accept the demands the mongols won't have to fight them and gained a new subject and if they killed them they have legitimate reasons to invade.
they could..... decline but not kill the envoys?
Is it weird that I am so excited to see a video about my country getting absolutely wrecked by Mongols?
Artur M. Yes... Yes it is
MrAlio84 Even by watching the videos on this channel alone you would know that it's not always true.
MrAlio84 Muslims were on the contrary always wrecked by the Poles ignorant. Look up the battle of Vienna 1683 and the battle of Hodow. The Nazis and communists tried to break the spirit of the Polish people but failed. The Poles didn't break no matter how many of them were massacred. And how did the Romans and crusaders wreck Poland exactly ? Because the Roman Empire never occupied what you call Poland today and the crusaders were attacking Muslims, not fellow Christians.
Gimme a Break Ha ha, I guess... But in my defence, I find Mongols to be genuinely awesome (in the original meaning of this word) and I always love to see Polish history popularised.
Just a funny guy And those were the only Christians they ever massacred as far as I know.
Phenomenal stuff.
OMG TWO OF MY FAVOURITE PEOPLE! I LOVE YOU GUYS! (yes I am shouting the entire team Im saying that)
:-)
History Time Hear hear!!!
Jobs I wouldn't want to have:
Mongol Emissary
Person responsible for killing Mongol Emissaries
Any job in this time period, to be honest.
You might still be killed if you lived in a kingdom that did that
After the battle of Mohi (1241) in following 2 years almost half population of Hungarian kingdom died due to ravaging and starvation, cause there was noone to seed the fields. Only stone walled forts were preserved, probably because Mongols didnt want to bother with sieges. This was the reason of high density of castles in hilly terrain of modern day Slovakia built after the invasion. There were rumours that Mongols will return, and they finally did (in 1271 I think) but it was smaller raids rather than invasion few decades ago
@@janossos8620 Also, there were more knights. And armored knights work really well against mongol cavalry due to heavier armor.
I doubt the second invasion was a raid. The generals who lead the 2nd and 3rd invasions were not as good as their Genghisid predecessors. They were lackeys who earned their positions due to social rank and not meritocracy. Also they did not have the full support of the Mongol Khanates and therefore their military capabilities were reduced.
Also the Hungarians and Poles learnt their mistakes and prepared.
But that is for clarifying the major reasons why the Mongols failed.
>smaller raids
>brought more generals, more men and more equipment
Suuuuuuure
@Hernando Malinche most of mongols army were not even mongols but other steppe tribes like kalmyks naimans and pagan turks.
@@xylem2202 Well. China is more closer to Mongolia and most of the Mongolian army focused on Song. Even they had siege engineers , they still difficulties on terrain and fortresses that block the gap of mountains. Mongolian highest casualties is in China alone, they struggled, thrown lives,adapt more techniques until they succeed. Castles in Europe was hard but Mongolians were also adaptable on how to overcome those problems (remember the hasashins fortresses). The knights can also be match (although not by mongols themselves) but by Chinese cataphracts they employed. The problem is that they can't bring these cataphracts into a very far land so instead they focused on China.
The Mongol series is one of the best documentaries on this channel
Thank you! There will be the second season.
Hungarian & Polish brothers even getting looted and pillaged together
That's how strong brotherhood it is xd Poland got humiliated? Hungary too!
haha, weird replies
maaan i lost my shit xddddd
Mongol humiliated in 1285/86
ha hâta hungarians won !
Read and learn your lesson tatarboy!
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary
@@szucszoltan3519 bro u sound so butthurt lmao, mongols sent their shittiest general in 2nd invasion and the hungarians barely won that LOL
I showed these videos to the history teacher and we are now using them in the Mongol lessons- they are great documentries packed pull of information with nice graphics and animations
Nice!
“If you surrender to me, you will be forgiven; If you resist, you will suffer greatly and perish cruelly,” said Batu khan’s envoy to the Kievian Rus.
Kiev chose death by killing the envoy.
@@tha1ne just checking can your dumbass type one single sentence without a lmao or lol? Are you a texting 12 Year old girl?
@@gimzack9282 they actually spared those who surrender, read the history or watch the video well, dumb low iq
EroticOnion23 u r pig blader
@@gimzack9282 Alexander Nevsky and Novgorod surrendered and they were spared, Mongols helped him become the ruler of Russia.
All central Europe kingdoms did that. Why? Maybe some ancient connotation?
czcams.com/video/eZeYVIWz99I/video.html
Mongol Series Drinking Game:
Take a shot every time someone kills a Mongol emissary, and their country gets destroyed
Bunch of people are going to die from alcohol poisoning.
You should know best: Europe is led by Greece czcams.com/video/eZeYVIWz99I/video.html
But Mongols could not defeat India , because of Great Aladdin khilji,
Khilji dynasty destroyed the Mongols defeated 6 times...
@Dmon Blu oof
Mongol envoys were wearing shirts saying "Your King is a Jackass"
Vellere Phonte LOL
Lmao
@RavnDream hemm seems familiar
And on the back of it, it said, "so you chose to kill me. Your armies will be crushed and all the bad parts of your Bible will happen to your people."
Well, they would have been right
(1:15) In Tengri we trust. That was very good detail. May Tengri bless you with more subscriber good sir.
Thank you!
dessidance
I trust in Allah. But Tengri/Tanrı also means "god" in old Turkish. So sometimes we used that term too.
I guess Tengrism in Turkey only practised by some far nationalistic people. But their numbers are very very few.
I think the nowaday turkish word for God -tanrı- comes from the old turkish word Tengri
M
Really? Some of my friends are in the way of Hüseyin Nihal Atsız or so close to him but none of them is Tengrist as ı know. Maybe they are cripto tengrist :)
@@Aku6Soku1Zan Tengri is non-existent, Allah meanwhile is. Allah is the greatest and most powerful, he alone can choose the victors and losers.
Two things you don't want to be..
1) An envoy of the Mongols
2)A citizen of the nation whom kills a Mongol envoy
The Mongols were truly badass, like a wave they swept away anything in their way.
This is by far my favorite series of yours by now! The Mongols were some of the most brutal, but undoubtedly badass fighters this world has seen.
We will soon announce a new one. :-)
@@KingsandGenerals can you guys do the battle of the blue river?
I wouldn't call them badass some of the stuff they did to civilians was Nazis level horrible
@@rupertsmith5815 Even worse. Mongols were the Nazis of middle ages. Many cultures were genocided by them. Nothing badass about that. Badass are the people who stood up to these monsters.
@@martinpospisil3747 Yes 100% correct.
The reason why we don’t think of them that way is because we don’t have footage or interviews or anything we just have the writings from mostly the mongols or people who supported them .
And they tend to focus only on the military side .
The Nazis on the other have tons of footage and eye witness testimony and interviews and we all know someone who was directly affected .
So most people don’t glorify them
the mongol army is unmatched in speed, organization, communication and leadership even in today's standards
That's a nice country you have there, shame if someone came along and pillaged it! - every mongol ever
Which country was never pillaged i wonder.
Jon Harper lol
:):):)
I'm pretty sure Mongols are not the worst pillagers
Actually USA and UK have more fucked up shit going on in the past
Have watched barbarian empires of the steppes as well. It really changes your perspective when the tumen is described as a separate army. Subutai has to be my favorite general!
Yep, Professor Harl's lectures are great.
Sübügätäi or Sübü'ätäi :)
sesi sesi *Subeedei!
Cheers.
What the fuck this thing costs 200 bucks
Practically flawless. Loved it all. It might be the best IMO you have ever made in terms of detail in battles and background as well as in accuracy.
Done so well as usual that I'm seriously thinking of looking into The Great Courses Plus. Thanks guys, keep up the good work.
Thank you! Yeah, their lectures are great.
Utmost respect to you guys. Most people probably won't even realize how hard the research for this video must have been since there are almost no primary sources for the Battle of Legnica as well as it is very hard to get any non-polish secondary sources for this battle. Great job guys. I'll include some additional pieces of information for those who want to know a little more.
Some additional facts and nitpicks: Poland was at that time divided into smaller Duchies. Only forces from Silesia, Lesser Poland, and Greater Poland participated in that battle. All other Duchies remind neutral.
The number of Polish forces is a bit too high in the video. Historian J. Maroń claims that Henryk II could at best mobilize around 2000 men.
The infantry used by Polish side was recruited from miners of Złotoryia and Lwówek. From what I know, they were deployed in the first line of Polish forces under command of Bolesław Dypoldowic.
6:42 The participation of Teutonic Order in Battle of Legnica is highly doubtful. Teutonic chroniclers claimed their participation 100 years later which is hardly a proof. We know however that Knight Hospitalers, Templars, and Knights of the Holy Sepulchre did participate in it.
Poles employed mostly cavalry for this battle. Well, to be honest, we know almost nothing about the course of Battle of Legnica but what I know about this Battle is very different to what you have shown. According to what we know from Annales silesiaci compilati Polish forces were formed into 4 lines and reserve unit. (5 lines in total) To be honest, the sources are so laconic that it is impossible to fully reconstruct the battle.
I mean literally, this is the longes descrition of this Battle that survived to this time: "Postea autem, furia secunda post octavam Pasce V Idus Aprilis Tartari in Legnicz proficiscuntur, quibus dux Henricus, filius sancte Hedwigis, cum magno exercitu occurrit. Ibique inito et habito gravissimo bello, Polonis et cruciferibus pugnantibus ducis exercitus terga, vertit in fugam, quem pogani, victis omnibus insecuntur et ipsum ducem in campo comprehendunt et occidunt." --- Annales silesiaci compilati
Dzięki, że napisałeś, to co mi przychodziło do głowy, podczas oglądania tego odcinka ;)
Thanks for your insight, indeed this story about internal division is important, I didn't understand how it wasn't possible to raise an army bigger than just 6000 people.
People often overlook that kind of important information. Like for example, few people seem to realize just how divided was France during the second half of the middle-age (like a confederation), only uniting that very populated (back then) kingdom after the 100 years war.
+xenotypos Exactly, almost every medieval kingdom went through a period of fragmentation to get united once again. To be honest, such fragmentation was usually beneficial in the long term since it allowed quicker economic development of different part of the realm.
It seems even God thought Mongols were too much, seeing how Ogodei Khan died just as the united Mongol army was closing on Vienna, and how Monkhe Khan died just as the united Mongol army was closing on Cairo. Which turned away most of the Mongol army for reelection, and left only minor forces in the regions to consolidate. Hey, new Assassin's Creed game plot maybe? :p Oh, and let's not forget the Kamikaze during invasion of Japan.
Don't that just beat all? The moments were counting down and doom was upon them through the black clouds of dust as the horde rode down upon their prey, when their leader and great khan dies and they must turn back. To the defenders it seemed like god spared them a horrible fate. XD
Eh, only western European sources indicate that. Mongolian sources say batu actually ignored the call and kept his forces in Europe and only left because he failed to take most of their stone castles(the few places any of the grand wopping 85 knights sent to crusade against the Mongols were at) and was losing major battles in bohemia and ,iirc, Croatia and a few small sallying efforts in Vienna actually knocked the shit out of the Mongols. Come the second invasion with even more men than the first , eastern Europe has castles and knights in numbers and.....the second invasion was reduced to struggling survivors.
@@HellboyGodzilla Eh, it would be a different world if the great Khan didn't die. Far more people would have Mongolian traces in Europe if he didn't die.
Vikings from the North and Mongols from the East.
I know there's a huge time gap between them but the Mongols would have a greater footnote in European history books.
@@ls200076
Nah, the generals in Europe didn't leave when the Khan died, they got beaten ragged in Croatia, bohemia, lost a LOT of men failing to drive the miniscule knights sent to face them from stone forts and their defeat at Vienna had frustrated them into just deciding it would be better to try again fresh.
God would think that Mongols are too OP, thus he nerf them by Kurutai.
one of the best channels with history content in youtube right now!keep up the good work guys
STOP. KILLING. ENVOYS.
Papa Francesco
Perhaps it was a tactic of the mongols to get their envoys killed. By making outrageous terms for treaties or even insulting the King and people in the country they were in.
Or perhaps they werent killed by the Kings or Nobles of the Kingdom they were in, but by Mongolian assassins. So that the mongols get a reason to attack that country.
Just a wild guess from me.
A Glass of Cacao wouldn't surprise me considering how often it happened
Just don't be angry i fear you may start slapping the crowd around
A Glass of Cacao You really think mongolz needed a reason to attack to any nation? They dont give a shit if they wanted to invade ur country they just would have done it with out any reasons! I ve read comments like these under mongol invasion videos! Like they would have invaded if the envoys was killed or not! Bla bla! No u are so wrong aout that! Just remember about khwarezm empire! When Mongolz had 100k troops at most khwarezm sultan had 1 million troops! For Mongolz it was really risky war with enemey who had way larger army and also Mongolz was having war against another large enemy china who had millions of troops!but at end Mongolz beat em all!
A Glass of Cacao No, it's not a wild guess. The envoys the Mongols sent tend to end up mysteriously dead...providing the perfect excuse for the Mongols to declare war. However, this tactic didn't go down well with the Manlukes of Egypt. The Mongols lost both their envoys and the army sent to avenge their deaths.
These videos are fantastic. Im going to donate on Patreon.
Thank you very much! :-)
No weekend is complete without a video from my favorite historical channel. 100x Thanks!
Thanks for watching!
Medieval Europe, ironically saved from Mongol conquest by Mongol Democracy!
Ah the enlightened world in which we live
100/100 Comment!
Republics aren't always democracies
Maybe not
Not really.
Well, the mongols were unstoppable .I think Japan was saved by the divine wind (I think is called Kamikaze), sinking mongol ships ,Byzantine empire was saved by the sacrifice of Arab and Bulgar neighbors... But, China was ravaged, 2 powerful christian empires (Poland and Hungary) were mutilated.. Only stupid luck saved the rest of Western Europe.. so, yeah is weird how history sometimes works.. it is amazing
Zokll Ehbfd
*AIN JALUT*
Mongol army has a very clear weakness, jungle warfare. They got defeated by the Vietnamese. Also the Delhi sultanate stopped the mongol march south. The defeated Chinese held out the longest due to their naval army, and mountain fortresses. But they finally capitulated after Kublai threw millions of soldiers at them (the largest theatre in mongol expansion), started heavily investing in riverine warfare, and bring in the counterweight trebuchet and trebuchet experts from the middle east.
Mongol weaknesses:
1) Overstretched territories and ability to send necessary soldiers for crucial campaigns they lost.
2) Fighting a wealthy-funded empire with a strong nomadic culture.
3) Naval battles. Mongols avoided when possible, when they did, they outsourced to their defeated subjects. You're not going to get quality, motivation, loyalty and commitment in these campaigns.
4) Mountainous terrains.
gujrat fought mongol raids,and rajasthan,punjab fought mongols raids as well as turki slaves of ghori .
Czech King succesfully stopped them. In 1241 Wenceslaus successfully repelled a raid on Bohemia by forces serving under Batu Khan and Subutai of the Mongol Empire as part of the Mongol invasion of Europe. The Mongols raided the Kingdom of Poland, Silesia and Moravia, led by Baidar, Kadan and Orda Khan with a force of around 20,000 Mongols, causing much destruction.
During the Mongol invasion of Poland, Duke Henry II the Pious of Silesia, Wenceslaus' brother in law, initially asked his help in fighting off the Mongols. However as Wenceslaus was coming to his aid in Legnica with a force of 50,000 soldiers, impatience forced Henry II to attack the Mongols without Bohemia's help which resulted in the devastating Battle of Legnica.[8] Following the Mongol victory, Wenceslaus fell back to protect Bohemia. He gathered reinforcements from Thuringia and Saxony along the way, before taking refuge in Bohemia's mountainous countries whose terrain would reduce the mobility of the Mongolian cavalry. When a Mongol vanguard assaulted Kłodzko, the Bohemian cavalry easily defeated them in the mountain passes.[9][10][11] After their failure against Wenceslaus' army, the Mongols led by Baidar and Kadan turned away from Bohemia and Poland and went southward to reunite with Batu and Subutai in Hungary, who had crushed the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohi.
When Subutai heard in 1242 that Grand Khan Ögedei had died the previous year, the Mongol army retreated eastward, because Subutai had three princes of the blood in his command and Genghis Khan had made clear that all descendants of the Khagan (Grand Khan) should return to the Mongol capital of Karakorum for the kurultai which would elect the next Khagan. Such was Wenceslaus' success against the invaders that chroniclers sent messages to Emperor Frederick II of his "victorious defense".[12]
Don't forget all the central asian turkic tribes, the selcuks, koreans, russians, persians and all the different indian groups that suffered from the mongols.
I'm so glad you mentioned the use of artillery by Subutai as it is one of the first recorded instances in history where artillery was used against ground troops instead of in a siege.
Every videos of this channel is magnificent. Animations , pictures , speaking and maps are awesome. My respects..
I actually like how you guys cover obscure, though none-the-less world shaping, battles in central asia, eastern europe and the middle east. Keep that up.
fantastic and very informative video, I implore you sir keep up the great work.
love your videos! keep up the good work!
Thank you so much,been waiting for a long time for such immense detail!😀
OMG the best episode for me so far.Good job.
In Tengri we Trust!! :D
:-)
TENGRI KNOWS DA WAY!
Nowadays, not many central asians believe in Tengri anymore, though.
The vast majority of central asians are muslim.
Khukh Tengri- means eternal blue sky.
I have made sure that I have liked every single one of your documentary videos :)
Good, thank you! :-)
Fascinating! I had no idea that the Mongols made it so far west! Great work as always, guys!
I love your videos! They're wonderfully engaging.
Thank you for this amazing series, hope u keep it up.
We will.
I just don't understand, who disliked this video and why... Great work, man, really great
Thank you, good sir!
just some butt hurt knight fan boys
the europeans who had their countries messed up. They were never taught about mongols in their history class and now butthurt that their ancestors lost to them
What a brilliant strategy.
Wonderful series.
Thank you!
I love these Doc's and the way they also use the Total War Games to Showcase the Units. Plus it's a Small thing but when the Main Battles are going on I Love the little Broken Glass type sound the Units on the Field have when they're Crushed.
I really appreciate your channel you give us wonderful history ❣️
Love your vids
Another awesome video. Quality and quantity of information about the battle as well as the background situation is simply astonishing.
I feel like Im in a history class - I love history. Your videos are perfect educational material.
Thank you, good sir! :-)
You are welcome kind sir. Thats the least I can do for you.
history classes are boring af dude this is way better
Really informative and interesting
Love it. Keep em coming!
Thank you! More on the way!
Been waiting for this and now it's here! :)
Wait for all the ignorant comments like “we defeated the Mongols,” “Mongols were Turks”, “Mongols were nothing but lucky barbarians,” etc... But this being said, I am enjoying this series. Keep up the good work!!
There is a huge difference between ''Turk'' and ''Turkic''
Mongolians were/are Mongolic.
So you're saying you have been utterly defeated by barbaric and uncultured people? What does that make you?
Bayartsengel
You can die because of viral disease, while viruses are the simpliest form of life that has ever existed....same thing.
HARUN AL-RASHID التميمي Mongols shaped the modern world bitch, you wouldn't be here if it weren't for the mongols. And your whole comment shows exactly how ignorant and shutoff you are from the rest of the world. Educate yourself.
Superb! The Mongols are great. Thanks for this video. Please soon upload the next video in which the empire was at its greatest extent!
Thank you guys, great graphic...! Epic!!
Thanks for watching!
This one was really amazing!!
Well done! Thanks!
Thanks for watching!
Ogedie khan's death saved west Europe and monke Khan's death saved Egypt!!
Sultan jalal ul din defeated Mongols in battle of plwaan or prwaan!!
Genghis Khan said hisotrical words for jala ul din"i wish I had son like jalal din I would conqure wholde world"
Absolutely nightmares both for Christians n Muslims!!
Pardon me, but Egypt saved by Sultan Beibars, man who been born in Great Steppe, and he very well know Steppe Nomads tactics, that's why he stop Mongols
@@josephrant5467 Baibars doesn't fight Hulagu Khan's 50.000 army, he fight agains Hulagu's personal assistant officer named Kitboga with 10.000 army. If Hulagu Khan had not had to take most of his army with him and go to the Kurultay election in Karakorum for the election of the new kagan, Sultan Baybars wouldn't had a chance against Hulagu's large army.
Ive been expecting this vid so long!!!
I TRULY LOVE YOUR VIDEOS BROTHER YOU REALLY ARE THE BEST IN THIS!
Thank you!
"The Hungarian army ceased to exist..."
JUST DON'T KILL THEIR ENVOY!
Alfian Sofakhair it didn’t matter, the mongols wanted blood, no way out of it.
An english chronicler of the time, Matthew Paris, comments on the invasion as he heard about it and summarizes it as "in 1241, the Kingdom of Hungary ceased to exist," or something along those lines
I won`t kill envoy, if he won`t piss me off
Hello ,Why nobody talks about the second Mongol invasion in1285 / 86. The Hungarians easily defeated 2 Mongol armies. Hungarians won Second Mongol invasion of Hungary - Wikipedia
@@szucszoltan3519 Cuz the great Khan died. Same with Alexander the Great. Everything goes downhill when a competent general leaves the battle.
In the Southestern Europe,Mongols came all the way to the Croatian coast but they couldn't handle big stone walls and the lack of food for their horses. That was just a random info i wanted to add. Great video!
Thanks!
There may have been a battle on the north-west of the Adriatic coats at Grobnik Field (field of graves in translation) against the Batu khan in 1242...
The battle is considered a legend by the historians because there's no written evidence before the 14th century...
But I do believe it happened...
I am from the island of Krk some 50 km away from the Grobnik Field... and I know a few people form Grobnik...
as the only "proof" that the battle did actually happen I have only that some of the people from Grobnik have really distinct mongolian features...
like noses and eyes... where you can clearly see that they have some mongolian ancestors...
I went to school with 2 girls from Grobnik and I'm 100% sure they have some mongolian blood....
so let's say that I'm not sure that the battle happened.. but I am sure that the Golden Horde reached all the way to the northern Adriatic coast (almost Italy) at some stage and left their genes... xD
Edit:
wiki - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Grobnik_Field
the croatian version of the wiki page has a lot more information... but this is enough to see what I'm talking about I guess...
Archeologist here. The Battle happened but probably it wasn't a Croatian victory, but a draw.
8000 Mongols vs 8000 Frankopan, Bribirski and Babonić troops. Not 30.000 vs 30.000 as the legend says.
Also when the Mongols besieged Knin they were furious they were forced to fight hand to hand. They left for Trogir when they learned Bela wasn't there. After Trogir Bela went to Rab where he was safe. Kadan then went west and was intercepted at Grobnik. After that he turned back and entered bulgarian teritory.
EDIT: 1251 Bela reafirms privileges for the Princes Bartul and Fridrik Frankopan of Krk for lending him their navy and protecting him through the mainland.
Bela's documents mention battles in Litoral Croatia after witch Kaidan had to retreat.
There were many assaults, especially on Klis and Trogir. Bela's daughters Katarina and Margarita died fom unkown resonons at Klis, but his heir, the later Stephen I survived.
Ibn Sayd (1214-1274) and Abu al-Fida (1273) wrote that the Tatars were defeated and forced to retreat to their land.
Croatian sources mention Bela as a coward suckling on his throne. Frankopans gave him 20.000 golden marks to fell better.
As lovers of truth you make up your mind. :-)
All additional info is useful./ hvala vam svima na vise izvora, svaka informacija je korisna.
No problem dude. Greetings from Rovinj. / Nema beda, stari. Pozdrav iz Rovinja. :-)
Guys you rock, can't wait for next episode!
Thank you, more on the way!
Baz uploads yesterday, you upload today. It’s a good weekend
For reference, the armies of General Subutai and General Jebe, who devastated Europe at that time, were small scouts sent by the Mongol Empire. To this extent, one can understand why the Mongol Empire at that time was the world's most powerful country with the world's greatest military power.
참고로 이 당시 유럽을 초토화시켰던 수부타이 장군과 제베 장군의 군대는 몽골제국이 보낸 소규모 정찰병이었다. 이정도면 왜 이 당시 몽골제국이 세계 1위의 군사력을 보유한 세계최강대국인지 이해가 간다. ㄷㄷ
Very well done! Beautiful to watch. Excellent coverage of the campaign in Europe but a few errors in the period before:
Chinggis Khan died in August 1227, not 1229. Ogedai became Great Khan in 1229 though, as there was a two year regency by his brother Ogedai and the Kurultai to elect him Khan was not held until 1229
Ogedai did not invent the Yassa or Mongol religious tolerance, but did continue both of these traditions. The Yassa was established by his father shortly after becoming emperor, but there is a lot of debate over what it compiled and how much it can be called a unified set of legal codes. Likely, it was a gradual harmonization of steppe traditions aiming to cement loyalty to the Khan, superseding but not necessarily replacing other legal customs of the nomads (that's why his Yassa is called the Great Yassa, as there were smaller Yassas of each tribe) and unclear to what extent it was supposed to be applied to sedentary conquered populations (which varied over time).
The image you use for Batu is an actor who played Chinggis in some chinese television series I think? Just an observation.
You didn't discuss Guyuk and the third wing that campaigned south of Hungary! I don't know the route they took so I was very curious to see that one!
And Batu did not return to Mongolia after Ogedai died: most of his generals did, such as Subutai and the other princes, but Batu himself camped in the Volga steppe region. He wanted to place himself in a stronger position to watch the election, but also wanted to secure the territory he had recently taken as his personal fiefdom (which became the Golden Horde and was effectively an indepdentn kingdom within the next ten years). This became problematic once Guyuk (Ogedai's son) became Khan in 1246 (his mother Torogene was regent between this and Ogedai's death) and Batu had still not returned to Mongolia to give his official support to the new Khan. Guyuk was en route to confront Batu in 1248 when he died unexpectedly.
Excellent detail in the campaigns though! This is a fantastic way to visualize them and it is much appreciated!
The Jackmeister: Mongol History Some medieval poet from western Europe wrote a poem about the death of the Bulgarian tsar Ivan Asen II and how the " Tatars " ( Mongolians ) rejoiced at the news of the death of the one who have defeated them. Obviously, my ancestors won a battle against them in 1240 AD, but the sources of this information are so unclear, that some historians wonder if that really happened. There's nothing about where the battle was fought or what was the size of the armies. However, if that's what happened, then that might be the answer to your question: what happened to the southern invading army? They were defeated by the Bulgarians. Unfortunately, Ivan Asen II died the next year and in that encouraged the Mongols to raid the country in 1242 AD. Even though part of their army was ambushed in a passage and defeated, many cities were sacked by the rest of the Mongols and eventually we had to buy peace, by paying a tribute to their empire :(
Yes again the makers failed to check wikipedia 1st. Like in the video about the battle of yehuling it has made a lot of mistakes
China says IT tolerates religion too. One has to wonder just how it played out. We'll never know how peaceful the Pax Mongolia was. To the conquered, the Pax Romana probably didnt feel so peaceful. Just wondering. Art doesn't answer that question.
Very well placed and coherent clarifications. Glad to see someone take the time to write this post, since I wanted to point them out too, but didn't have the time to do so (as indicated by my late posting).
You don’t know what you are talking about Ogodei was his son, not a brother
A damn pleasure as always!
Another great video again can't wait for another one
Must have been a sight to see, travelling so far from their homeland and experiencing completely different cultures. In the 13th century.
That was the best thing about the Mongols - they brought Europe and Asia together in a way.
Great video. Thanks so much. One feedback: Usually every Mongol warrior has 3-4 horses with him. That way he can switch horses when the one he is riding gets tired. So to make your images of the Mongol force on the move more accurate you should really show for each Mongol warrior on horseback several other horses riding along side him.
All the videos you make are simply awesome!!!!!
This is really super professionally made.
Thank you very much!
Sooo..... Europe got saved by the luckiest moment of RNG then?
Yep, I guess so. :-)
it's exaggeration . Indeed central europe. But we can't say what would happen if mongols has invaded western europe
western europe sucks ass at this time lol
@@grimaldus1523 yeah, cause Jin dynasty was 10x more powerful than western europe lmao. IF it took mongols that long, it would prob take 10x less time to take western europe LOL
@@grimaldus1523 lmao you a western europe fanboy or something? XD You're statements are so stupid i dont even know where to begin rofl. They captured chinese siege engineers and used them against chinese fortifications you dumbass, they didnt go to western europe to get tech to bring down china you fucktard LOL
Throughout watching your mongol series, I came to the conclusion that they were a bunch of hardcore badasses.
From nomadic horsemen fighting for scraps of food and resources, to acknowledged as the best damn conquerors in history. Yeah, badasses are just one word to describe them.
Thank you for your info.
Nice Work. Fantastic 👍👍
1:14, "In Tengri We Trust", brilliant XD
:-)
Thank you so much for this video. I'm a fan of Roman and Nomadic history. I think XIII century and Mongol Empire especially, worth much more media products than we have.
People wait for Sundays to enjoy holidays. I wait for the next video of Kings and Generals. Great details. Excellent videos.
Thank you, my friend. :-) Sunday is a comment answering day for us.
great as always
Thank you very much!
Never thought the mongols could be so awesome thank you!!!!!!!!!
I knew they were awesome, this just made me like them even more.
There's a lot of videos about Mongol expansion, but few about their eventual downfall. We need more of these.
Yep, there will be a second season.
Guys we missed you . Great work as always .
Every Sunday.
Kings and Generals see you Sunday .I can't wait . Thank you for taking time teaching us history . good luck.
Love it!!!
For those saying the Mongols wouldn't have taken Europe, you're either biased Europeans or don't know what you're talking about. Someone said something about the HRE being able to stop them? Not a chance, The emperor and the Pope were locked in a power struggle at the time that left Italy and Germany (HRE) both weakened. Someone else mentioned that European castles would stop them, why? The Mongols had access to more advanced siege weapons than Europe and would have access the cannons within 5-10 years, something Europe had never seen before. When the Mongols turned back their scouts were less than 100 miles from Venice. The french knights templar said at the time there was no army between France and Hungary that could stop them. The castles and fortifications of Europe would be as easy as taking the walled cities they had done before. They took 12 walled cities in Russia in 2 months,..... in WINTER. Unheard of. Make no mistake, the death of Ogedai Khan saved Europe even if they don't like to admit it. I've heard even to this day there is a festival in Hungary celebrating how "beat back" the Mongols, laughable!
Well, I am not an expert on the siege warfare, but it seems that the cities/castles of Western Europe were more fortified. Again, at this point, we are just assuming things.
Cities weren't more fortified than Chinese cities as an example. I'd be willing to listen to a case for castles being harder to take. However most European castles wouldn't be able to hold enough men to trouble the Mongols even if they couldn't take them by siege. Besides, the main problems the Mongols had with taking cities weren't the actual fortifications, rather the ability to fire on those fortifications. For example, the Mongols had trouble taking Beijing because the very high walls and numerous towers had their own siege weapons that were used to destroy the Mongol siege weapons before they could get in range. European castles in this time period didn't have that sort of advantage.
IMHO whole Europe was too big peice to monglos for one bite. I think it's similar like invading Russia by Napoleon army, and German later. But if they tried to slow push on west, they would given an opportunity for west countries to learn and find solution. Exactly that was happened with Golden Horde. East states has found solution, even adapt tactics for themselv.
Many times people use term: "and the winged hussars arrived" on youtube discussions ( i think it's pathetic). We should realize that WH has evolved as a formation to fight with tatars, cossacks, moskovs ( using comparable tactics)
Whats so special about european castles?
Here is some Chinese fortified castles and walls:
imgur.com/a/a6abT
imgur.com/a/Gkrlo
imgur.com/a/PTmlO
imgur.com/a/j0GwS
imgur.com/a/EdtqP
imgur.com/a/09aTX
imgur.com/a/WxDN0
"Under the Jin dynasty the capital of Zhongdu had walls covering a perimeter of 24km and reached a height of 12m."
Military capability of song dynasty
www.zhangzhiyong.cn/english/military.htm
Info about song dynasty gunpowder warfare
"Advancements in weapons technology enhanced by gunpowder, including the evolution of the early flamethrower, explosive grenade, firearm, cannon, and land mine, enabled the Song Chinese to ward off their militant enemies until the Song's ultimate collapse in the late 13th century. The Wujing Zongyao manuscript of 1044 was the first book in history to provide formulas for gunpowder and their specified use in different types of bombs.While engaged in a war with the Mongols, in 1259 the official Li Zengbo wrote in his Kezhai Zagao, Xugaohou that the city of Qingzhou was manufacturing one to two thousand strong iron-cased bomb shells a month, dispatching to Xiangyang and Yingzhou about ten to twenty thousand such bombs at a time.[148] In turn, the invading Mongols employed northern Chinese soldiers and used these same types of gunpowder weapons against the Song. By the 14th century the firearm and cannon could also be found in Europe, India, and the Islamic Middle East, during the early age of gunpowder warfare."
In second opium warfare it was difficult for crack chinese thick walls
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trebuchet1-intransit.jpg
southern chinese landscape
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:YangshuoFromTvTower.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Loess_landscape_china.jpg
Military capability of jin dynasty
www.britannica.com/topic/Jin-dynasty-China-AD-265-316-317-317-420
Middle easters walls:
Wall of bukhara from kwarezmian empire
imgur.com/a/iMcSv
imgur.com/a/QTtu2
castle of ichan-kala Samarkand
imgur.com/a/ycnw5
imgur.com/a/NJQWQ
The fortified castles the assasins
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Masyaf_Castle_2.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Masyaf_-_Gesamtansicht.jpg
Mongol invasion of korea , which korean had fortified islands.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Korea
Mongol invasion of afhanistan kabul
Bala Hissar fort kabul
imgur.com/a/ugoNO
I don't think 13th century fortified cities of europe would withstand mongol invasion or the landscape.
Your first picture is a fortification built by Ming Dynasty at 1419, it has nothing to do with the mongols en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhengyangmen .
Like Henry II famously said: "Gorze nam się stało!" - "A great Misfortune has fell on us". Indeed, Europe stood no chance against such opponent. Maybe the situation would look different if Mongols had faced some strong coalition made up from centralized states, like France or England. But Hungary was the only centralized kingdom in the region. Poland was little different than Rus themselfs - divided in duchies, fighting with each other.
The fortifications weren't that great either. While Western Europe had it's share of stone castles, there were only handful of them in Hungary and Poland (more of them were present in the former at the time). Of course, later on, both states saw that they need to upgrade their defences, and Mongols had more problems attacking Hungary later on. But Eastern and Central Europe weren't as densly packed with castles and urban centres as West was, so that was (partly) their downfall.
That is true but at that time period there is really no army that can fight the mongol a pitch battle, if you notice all the people that defeat them either use guerrilla warfare, terrain/fortification, weather
Loving the mongol series also! There's something about Devin's narration that makes it so much more epic! Fun game to play is everytime you hear envoy, take a shot :p
Grat work
"Don't shoot the messenger" Now I know where the phrase comes from.
It started much earlier, I think :-)
Thats what I am thinking. Its a modern take on "Don't kill the Mongolian Envoys or they will destroy you're country."
The irony of the hungarian defeat Mongol tactics should be noted. Hungary was formed by tactics using light mobile troops, raiding cities and populations, and defeating numerically superior forces. However, as the Kingdom grew, it started to adopt other nations tactics of heavy knights and less mobile combat, only to be beaten by foe less numerous and more mobile.
Magyars weren't that different from Mongols when they entered Pannonian plain. They were nomads after all, and had never known lifestyle other than nomadic one. However, after the raids had stopped after the famous Battle of Lechfeld, Hungarians started to become settled and agrarian, just like their Slavic subjects. It's not like they "became weaker" by adopting heavy knights tactics.
While fighting with anyone, you adapt to their tactics. Hungary bordered Holy Empire, full of newly formed knight class. Germans were their primary enemies during that period, so they changed their tactics accordingly.
Just look at Teutonic Knights. We imagine them being those crusaders, heavy cavalry, while in reality, they had to adapt to the enviroment (Prussia was heavily forested and mounted charges weren't effective there) and their main enemy - Lithuanians, which were lightly armoured and quite mobile.
So after some time, most of the Teutonic army looked almost like their Lithuanian counterparts. Sure, the major knights were just like we imagine them, but they wouldn't fare that good if they didn't adapt.
As for Mohi/Muhi... The Hungarians had numerical advantage, there was just one bridge in the area, and their camp was heavily fortified. They had every chance to win, but they botched it, by being too ignorant.
Kayserili38ification I actually talked about the famous battle in another video on this channel regarding the Mamelukes victory over the Mongols. The pivotal battle that first halted the Mongol advance in the middle east.
@Kayserili38ification The magyars were not a turkic group, and they were not from Attila. They were subjects of turkic groups yes, but they themselves were finno-ugric. The most common misconception is about the name Hungary. It comes from the word Onoghur, becouse the first time the Byzantines met with the magyars they were just mercenaries of the Onoghurs, so they mistaken them one people, as they did with the scandinavians and slavs too earlier. If you look at a country which was in direct contact with magyars, you can see that they called them magyar too. In ukranian they are named Ugorsi, from the word Ugor, wich is the hungarian form of Ugric, since they were a finno ugric population.
Nice and i like the new effects keep up the good work and keep the vids rolling.! :)
Thank you for supporting us. :-)
These videos have been awesome!! Can't wait for more! BTW, Keshiks are OP. Wish we could also build Envoys in Civ 5, but that would make Mongols overpowered.
I live in nearby Legnica in Silesia (I am from Lesser Poland)
A good movie!
Thanks!
If people are still complaining about the brutality of mongol conquests 800 years after, i guess from their perspective they did quite a good job.
You still got brown people whining about White people constantly today. That tells you something.
@@regaininglife9084 And we still have racist like you that cares a lot about someone's skin color.
Dude if anyone complains about the Mongols and how brutal they were, I'd tell them that brutality was effective at dealing with their enemies and putting the populace in its place. War calls for many tactics, brutality is just one of those tools. And the Mongols were very good at war.
@@EmporerAaron its amazing that no other civilization adapted bow cavalry so damn well. Like the Native American tribes I guess used it but two centuries too late.
Well the Mongols are gifted in so many ways that if it wasn't for a few minor issues that prevented it they could have subjugated the entire known world at the time. From China to East Europe with the rest of the world fearful of them and paying them off just to keep them away.
Good work. Congratulations
Thanks!
Love the sad horn and string. Music is on point.
When we look at how the mongolians won the battles shown int his series it should be pretty clear that no one was inherent better. The mongols had their close calls and on often occasions they were matched in combat; however, the Mongol leaders were extremely experienced and talented which helped them take advantage of the terrain and the mistakes made by their opponent.
So, when it is asked if the Mongols could have taken over Europe, we will never know because there are so many variables that could have effected their success at all points of their campaign.
True. Their commanders fought for a long long time.
Distance and unfavorable terrain is the main issue.
Had Mongolia bordered Western Europe, however, the latter would have fallen in a snap.
"With free reign over Hungary, the Mongols did what they do best..." THIS might be the second greatest line from the Mongols story, with the best one being, "But, they broke the golden role: THEY KILLED THE ENVOYS."
Just emagine seeing these battles in person. Or being involved. Crazy
amazing Job, congrats guys