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A Brief Illustrated History of the Synod of Whitby
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- čas přidán 25. 11. 2014
- This is a Little Known Big History Film about the Synod of Whitby. Art and script by Anthony Wooding, Kerseys. Photography and production by Reg Moore. Original idea by Anthony Wooding.
This event occurred in 664 AD. At that time, King Oswy ruled the Kingdom of Northumbria. He had direct or indirect control over most of the country except Kent, and had even subdued some of Ireland and Scotland.
Oswy decided that he and his people were going to be Christians. He had then to make a choice between whether it was going to be the Roman Catholic or the Celtic Way.
He decided to call a synod of the two camps to decide the issue. It was to be hosted by Hilda, Abbess of Whitby in Yorkshire.
Each side chose its champions to go into debate:
In the Celtic Camp were the host Hilda, Bishop Colman of Lindisfarne and Cedd, Bishop of the East Saxons.
In the Roman Camp was Alchfrid, Oswy’s son Agilbert, Bishop of the West Saxons and Wilfrid, Abbot of Ripon.
Most of the talk was about a couple of things which don’t seem very relevant to us today. One was what was the exact date of Easter. The other one was the type of tonsure monks should have.
But it was also about some bigger political things. About whether England should adopt a local, natural and mystical path or a universal, Euro-focused and more authoritarian one. Oswy could see where the power was, and moved over to the Roman Camp, who thus won the day.
Before too long the whole of England followed the lead and moved to Roman Catholicism. Even one of the Celtic reps at Whitby, Bishop Cedd, eventually changed his mind and went the Roman way. And when the Normans came later, they were already Catholic, so no contest.
Calling anyone from the 6th c. a Roman Catholic is a severe anachronism. We know the Christians from the Isles were already being heavily influenced by the Desert Fathers of the Levant before Whitby, and while they may have been in communion with Rome largely due to geographic proximity-the Abbots, Bishops, monks, and missionaries of Hibernia and Alba were clearly of a distinct ilk and not taking all their cues from Rome.
A great way to learn history through simple animation and narration
Great job! Illustrations were of great visual support and made all the information more interesing. Thanks a lot :)
Nice I visited Lindesfarm when up North Umbria way..interesting Bede center
thank you. Very enjoyable way of learning. No problems concentrating for once.
excellent short film!
It was not about the date of "Easter," but the refusal of the Celtic Church to accept the new Roman "Easter" named after a pagan goddess (Ishtar, Astarte, Ostara, Eostre, Asherah, Ashtoreth invariably, depending on time period and culture) over the remembering the Lord's death on the Passover of the LORD, the date of which was Nisan 14th in the Scriptures. The Celts also kept the seventh day Sabbath according to the Fourth Commandment over the Roman "Sun"-day.
Roman leaning historians always use Roman terms in their writings to describe the Celts, such as "Easter," "monks", "monasteries" etc in order to weaken the reality of their keeping PASSOVER, and being Christian missionaries who were allowed to marry living in Christian communities.
You always need to go back to the earliest sources to get to the real unadulterated truth.
It is good to bear this in mind before being taken in by the subtlty of saying they had a difference in the dating of "Easter"! The Celts objected to the Roman tonsure as it was supposed to represent the Crown of Thorns, which was a superstitious form of piety never required in Scripture or by any of the Apostles. There is no evidence of a particular Celtic tonsure, but only hearsay and conjecture at best, but they clearly rejected all inventions by the Roman Church.
This is why you hear little of the Synod of Whitby today as the Protestant churches now keep all the Roman-invented festivals, such as the Mass of Christ ("Christ-Mass"), "Easter", "Lent," "Good Friday," " Ash Wednesday", "Maundy Thursday" and weekly "Sun"-day keeping without question.
St Patrick, Columba, Columbanus, Colman, Gall and other Celtic Christian leaders would not have upheld these, but rather opposed the new Roman inventions, Columba us even writing to the Pope calling him a heretic over the new Roman "Easter" in place of the Passover of the LORD.
The Celts believed the Scripture that "Christ is our Passover (not our "Easter"), therefore let us keep the Feast" (of Passover, to remember the actual Biblical date of His death annually).
Now we find many Roman-Protestant churches today even named after these Celtic "saints," yet upholding practices that they bravely spoke out against all over Europe for many centuries.
I was raised Seventh-day Adventist, and joined the American Episcopal church as an adult. I love the idea of Saturday Sabbath-keeping Christians from long ago! Colin, could you tell me where I could learn more about Celtic Christianity?
@@vattenflick I worked for the English Episcopal Church as a missionary in Israel where I learned a lot about the practicalities and spirituality of Sabbath-keeping among Jews and Messianic or "Christian" Jews who believe in Jesus. It always struck me how they didn't as a majority turn to Sunday or "Easter" keeping or Christmas, but kept to resting on the Sabbath and remembering the Lord's death at Passover (Nisan 14th), except where groups of them might be heavily influenced or supported by Protestant denominational activity, then the Gentile "theology" would sometimes be pushed upon them as "the more excellent way," which is a real shame.
I then realised that there was a link in practice to the Messianic Jews of today and the ancient Gentile (and Jewish) believers down through the centuries, such as with the British and Irish Celtic Church and the Quartodeciman churches founded by John the Apostle across Asia Minor who kept the Sabbath, Passover and the clean/unclean food laws and ignored Rome. This was also true in practice of various Seventh Day modern denominations and independent groups.
However, the history is scant and you really have to dig for it and always look for the earliest sources as Roman-leaning and even Protestant historians will re-write and embellish their history books with intetpretations that match their theology rather than admit to the fact that for centuries there have been Gentile believers keeping the Sabbath according to the Word of God.
Where I live in Ireland the Celtic history is all around, but is often obscured by romanticism and hagiographies of "saints" who were anti-Roman but are now venerated as Catholic "saints"!
If you research the histories of the Celtic saints who were brave missionary pioneers such as Patrick, Columba, Columbanus, Colman, Gall, Fursey, and many others it is possible to find snippets of information alluding to their Sabbath-keeping and "differences about 'Easter' " etc., but it is often described in Roman terminology so as to disguise the reality of their practice.
For instance, the earliest sources recording the death of Columba who lived on the Isle of Iona in Scotland state that he died on the SABBATH which was considered an auspicious thing, considering that he spent much of his life and ministry upholding and promoting Sabbath observance among the northern Irish and the pagan Pictish tribes he taught in Scotland.
However , later accounts by Catholic historians record him dying on the "Lord's Day," and auspicion is attributed to that fact, which is a subtle slight of description which most readers would hardly pick up upon, yet it is a deliberate deception in order to promote the "holiness" of "Sun"-day over the observance and sanctity of the seventh day Sabbath of the LORD.
But if one is prepared to spot and compare such anomalities and deliberate although subtle history revisionism, a search for history on Sabbath-keeping Gentile Christians is very worthwhile and is a testament to how many Christians down through the ages did not capitulate to Rome.
A study of the Synod of Whitby is a good place to start, as it is a much neglected or "deceptively altered" topic within Christian circles today who try to minimize the witness of the brave Celts against the onslaught of Rome at that time that influenced the king of Northumbria in England to capitulate to the new Roman "Easter" and "Sun"-day-keeping over the older Celtic practice.
More should be done to bring out these examples from history to help the Sabbath cause.
@@scented-leafpelargonium3366, thank you for your amazing reply! I feel inspired. As a follow-up question: I suspect that Sabbath-keeping was moved from Saturday to Sunday *in order* to distinguish early Christians from Jews, and that the shift represents early anti-semitism. Do you think that's true, or were there other motives?
@@vattenflick Yes, the concept of brave Christians being thrown to lions is one often put forward as a representative example of how early Gentile Christians responded to state persecution, when, in fact, the Gentile Christians took no time in differentiating themselves as "Christians" i.e. as Gentiles so as not be confused for Jews as the Jewish Church still kept many Biblical Commandments such as the Sabbath, Passover, Biblical food laws, etc., with only the difference of circumcision being the only differentiation between Jewish and Gentile Christians during that period. The Roman emperors persecuted the Jews even as they left Jerusalem and after wherever they settled in the Roman Empire, forbidding Sabbath-keeping, circumcision and to meet on their holy festivals such as Passover and Shavuot ( Pentecost) on pain of death. The last Jews of Jerusalem had their noses and ears cut off and paraded in the city as a mockery.
The early Christians did not want to be "mistaken" to have anything to do with the Jews, but rather they began to denounce them publicly in their teachings and proclamations as "wicked" or "evil" as "killers of Christ" and "rejected of God," even though Yeshua said that no one took His life from Him. Instead He willingly gave it up, following His Father's will that the plan of salvation would come to fruition through His suffering and atonement as the Passover Lamb of God for all mankind.
The Gentile Christians took full advantage of the decrease in Jewish leadership in the Church and changed the Sabbath rest day and the date of the remembrance of the Lord's death on Nisan 14th, or the Day of Passover, as soon as was permissable so as to avoid persecution by Rome by being mistaken for 'perfidious' Jews, even though Yeshua's prayer on the cross was to forgive them for they knew not what they were doing. Did God answer His dying Son's prayer or not?
Nonetheless, the attitude against "all things Jewish" only increased over the second and third centuries of the Church until the Councils of Laodicea in c 336 and of Nicea in 325 made it perfectly clear that they had decided against the holy days the Jews kept, but that they would have their own set of observances instead, in what many Christians refer to as the 'Christian' or 'Church' Calendar, even though no Jewish Christian would have ever condoned these changes.
From this point any chance of any Jews coming to faith in Yeshua as their Messiah was now further obscured and obfuscated by the fact that the Gentiles had taken over what was once a fully Jewish Church and made it into a holy Gentile club that basically made Jews unwelcome, despite Yeshua Himself being a full-blooded Jews and was overall the spiritual king of Israel.
The situation remains largely unaltered, save for small pockets of Gentiles who have resisted the Roman changes and anti-Semitic teachings and for believing Jews who are in the minority.
Nonetheless, if one is interested enough, the history and Biblical defence is there to study. 🌿
Really enjoyed the story.
Historically, though, the Celtic church was always in communion with Rome. I Don think that it is a good odea to over-stress the separateness of the traditions to paint a picture of the Celtic Church being completely separate beforehand and then only becoming Roman Catholic afyer the synod.
Excellent. Thank you.
It was a changing of rite, not faiths like you're suggesting.
What about Wales? St. David, St. Gwynllyw, St. Cadoc? Gwladys?
good point.
While researching the beginning of the corruption of the RCC, I was rather surprised to see that it nearly coincided with the advent of Mohammed in the 400's about the same time that the Masoretic was compiled. tings that make me scratch my head...