Riffing With Modes #1: Writing with Major/Ionian [Rock/Prog style]

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  • čas přidán 6. 06. 2024
  • The Chord Progression Codex is NOW AVAILABLE! shorturl.at/bouLV
    My pro theory + songwriting course: bit.ly/2J2Nctn
    Enroll in my Rhythm Training Course at ANY price! bit.ly/3wDacU4
    I posted a video on how I wrote the solo (at 16:52) with tabs at my Patreon: bit.ly/35Ll3x1
    Riffing with Modes part 2- Dorian Dad Rock: • Writing Powerful Doria...
    This is the first of a seven part series on how to write riffs. Every guitarist should be able to make a decent riff, and throughout these videos, I’ll be demonstrating the strategies and techniques I use to writing music on the guitar.
    Each video will focus on a different mode of major, but will not always be totally limited to that key. In the case of this video, we perform a relative modulation by resolving to the vi chord for long enough to make it feel like our new tonal center. In future videos, we’ll build on the skills we learned before and explore new possibilities.
    To fully understand this video you’ll want to know the following topics-
    Major Scale + Chords: • How To Write Chord Pro...
    Seventh Chords: • How To Write Progressi...
    Suspended Chords Pt 1: • Suspended Chords: The ...
    This video is brought to you by an incredible subsection of the human race known as MY PATREON SUBSCRIBERS. I owe them my thanks for their support, and so do you if you learned something from this video! You can join them here:
    www.patreon.com/signalsmusicstudio
    Special thanks to the following members:
    Adam Granger
    Billyshes
    Bradley Bower
    Brandon Combs
    BuzzWasHere
    Christopher Swanson
    CrippleMonkey
    Daniel Danciu
    Darrin Goren
    Don Dachenhausen III
    Don Watters
    Erik Lange
    Joe Buote
    John Arnold
    jon reddish
    Kip Ingram
    Linas Orentas
    Lord of the Chords Live on Indiegogo Now!
    Marc Bulandr
    Marek Pawlowski
    Markos Zouganelis
    Martin
    Morgan M.
    Nick White
    Patrick Ryan
    Philip Sharp
    Table of Contents:
    00:00 Intro
    01:33 Riffing in Major Basics
    02:12 Constructing a Major Riff
    04:15 Expanding your Major Riff
    06:51 Spicing Up the Rhythm
    09:35 Next Steps
    10:20 Repackaging your Major Riff
    11:06 Adding a B Section
    14:36 Happy Rhythmic Accidents
    16:25 Finished Product!
    17:23 Closing Notes

Komentáře • 463

  • @stephensmith799
    @stephensmith799 Před 4 lety +264

    Thinks, Plays, Speaks, Arranges and Teaches all at once!

    • @sevensfist_com
      @sevensfist_com Před 4 lety +2

      Totally blows out the water that old saying of "Those who can't do, teach!" 🤣
      www.7fist.com To Live Is Christ And To Die Is Gain +:-)

    • @stephensmith799
      @stephensmith799 Před 4 lety +3

      @@sevensfist_com Yes. Isn't he just great?! I think of the roughly seventy teachers of all kinds which I have had, ten were great of which three were WONDERFUL. Of the rest about ten were awful of which two were the ESSENCE OF EVIĹ. Despite loathing 90% of my time in school... thanks to the two good ones and the two evil ones, I became a teacher! (There is an Iranian saying 'It takes a bad landlord to make a bad landlord')

    • @sevensfist_com
      @sevensfist_com Před 4 lety

      @@stephensmith799 Yes, I understand. Love Conquers All! The Love for music shines through this young man (though I do hope for him that music as beautiful as it is, is not an idol, but a mere stepping stone). And against all odds, Love will overcome!
      www.7fist.com To Live Is Christ And To Die Is Gain +:-)

    • @phucyu8428
      @phucyu8428 Před 4 lety +1

      And for his next trick, he'll pull a rabbit out of a hat while walking on stilts!

    • @chouchoue
      @chouchoue Před 2 lety +1

      with a bonus lesson on crystals.

  • @SignalsMusicStudio
    @SignalsMusicStudio  Před 4 lety +160

    This will be the most tame out of all of the videos in this series, since it's Major and it's the intro video. You can bet we'll be playing with more odd time signatures and non diatonic chords in future videos :). Also- weird glitch alert at 12:45. I'm leaving it in, cause this is the 4th time I've uploaded and rendered this video and I don't wanna delay it again!

    • @coa96vb
      @coa96vb Před 4 lety +3

      Amazing stuff, thanks for the upload!

    • @colinreynolds01
      @colinreynolds01 Před 4 lety +8

      Can't wait till vid 7, Locrian ^_^
      By the way, the Solo really sounds great, and without pointing out the 5/4 grouping I wouldn't have even noticed.

    • @dumpstercat2229
      @dumpstercat2229 Před 4 lety +1

      Awesome video! I feel like i could practice for years and never even come close to your level. Also, what software did you use for the drums?

    • @michaelinglis8516
      @michaelinglis8516 Před 4 lety

      You strike me as the type of guy who appreciates the greatness that is Pinback. Yes? No?

    • @SD-jf7nb
      @SD-jf7nb Před rokem

      God I hate guidos.

  • @sammonroe31
    @sammonroe31 Před 4 lety +146

    A lot of channels teach me something, and then it just stops there with that riff or theory idea. But with this channel I always feel like I leave with the tools to keep growing beyond the video. Great stuff!

    • @SirLetseatalot
      @SirLetseatalot Před 10 měsíci

      This is so true!

    • @danieldemayo6209
      @danieldemayo6209 Před 8 měsíci +1

      This channel helped me lose over 25 lbs….plus I’m rich now and have 3 STDs! Keep rockin!

  • @jehmarxx
    @jehmarxx Před 4 lety +79

    When I was a kid using an old fashioned Nokia phone's composer, I made a cool tune. Over a decade later, I realized it is in D Dorian and in 7/4 time signature.
    Excited for your next video about Dorian riffs.

    • @direst9570
      @direst9570 Před 4 lety +3

      bruh send a recording sounds friggin awesome

    • @marcusatiusvirilis7723
      @marcusatiusvirilis7723 Před 4 lety +2

      @@direst9570 I second this

    • @jehmarxx
      @jehmarxx Před 3 lety +6

      czcams.com/video/pHqx41AXRuY/video.html
      Yeah, I completely forgot about this one. I had taken that tune and made it into a full-blown piece.

    • @marcusatiusvirilis7723
      @marcusatiusvirilis7723 Před 3 lety +1

      @@jehmarxx nice!

  • @chadmiller8725
    @chadmiller8725 Před 4 lety +44

    Jake, thank you for such well thought out and professionally presented material. I am reigniting a once strong passion for playing the guitar (mostly hard rock/metal) that was put on hold many years ago when I started my career as an airline transport pilot. Unfortunately I broke my neck last summer racing motocross and as a result have partial paralysis and on disability. With much unwanted down time to try and figure things out, I decided to start playing my guitars and relearn theory. With my hands and fingers being effected, it is like I am starting all over again and have little dexterity. Your videos have given me productive motivation and help with depression struggles. I have almost watched everyone of your videos late into the evening when the rest of the family are sleeping. I have spent hours searching the internet for good instructors with a more relaxed, personal approach and I find your videos the most enjoyable and beneficial for me - Thanks again Jake for your contribution to this community.

  • @TeeDOG6
    @TeeDOG6 Před 4 lety +20

    It's amazing how Rush is still relevant.

    • @woodchuk1
      @woodchuk1 Před 4 lety

      Teddy Egan They’ll still be talked about a century from now, I’m sure.

    • @ARiteOfPassage09
      @ARiteOfPassage09 Před 3 lety

      I love Rush. 🙏

  • @joshichammertv6863
    @joshichammertv6863 Před 4 lety +35

    When jake makes a video... You know its a good day

  • @omega3battyacid878
    @omega3battyacid878 Před 4 lety +13

    I swear Jake has been the only person able to drive these concepts home for me. I built up so many mental blocks and anxieties that I never thought I'd get to a point where I understand these concepts enough to actually follow along with other tutorials/resources I come across.

  • @pizzarand
    @pizzarand Před 4 lety +1

    Oh my god I‘m so hyped for this series! Thank you for doing this!

  • @TheRealDanMac
    @TheRealDanMac Před 4 lety +12

    The A/B part was really helpful to me personally,
    as I can often come up with something but then feel stuck in a loop where my song can’t progress further.
    Great video as always !

  • @Caine61
    @Caine61 Před 4 lety +2

    Really appreciate your videos, Jake. You helped me develop a lot both in guitar playing and in the understanding of music / song writing. Keep it up!

  • @cybershadow58
    @cybershadow58 Před 4 lety

    Fascinating to see your process here! Thanks for *ALL* your wonderful video instructions!

  • @pavlinrusev7087
    @pavlinrusev7087 Před rokem +1

    One of the best channels on here! Massively appreciated

  • @domsusefulstuff
    @domsusefulstuff Před 4 lety

    You really make this all look so simple and your love of music is contagious and inspiring. Thank you so much.

  • @throb9
    @throb9 Před 4 lety

    I like the way you explain the processes, and I'm glad I can stop and rewind as much as I need to.

  • @AE-eo5ih
    @AE-eo5ih Před 4 lety

    Fantastic video man. I want to binge the rest right now. very well laid out, great fast delivery without being confusing, and good tips on how to think about how to achieve what you're going for.

  • @Se7eNiToS
    @Se7eNiToS Před 4 lety

    This series will be a gold mine just like every other series you've done already! Best guitar youtube channel hands down!!!

  • @vintileonardo2939
    @vintileonardo2939 Před 4 lety

    Thanks for this wonderful work,jake.
    This is my favorite music Chanel so far. I’ve been learning a lot with your vídeos.

  • @jules010
    @jules010 Před 4 lety

    Jake, I've been watching plenty of videos on youtube and all the great guys who can teach you music theory and guitar stuff but I have to admit your videos are the most comprehensive ones. Amazing job, man! Really appreciate your help and dedication. These are the most well spent minutes and soon to be hours. I'm truly sad I discovered your channel only a few days ago. I've been learning guitar for 2 years and now, when I finally decided to move to some more advanced stuff, your channel is the best motivation ever. It's incredible how clear you can be in your speech and how much information you can provide in one single video. Much appreciated! Wish you all the best and see you on Patreon. Amazing job!

  • @martynspooner5822
    @martynspooner5822 Před 4 lety +1

    Can only thank you for yet another great video . As I have said many times, you have taught me so much, which I thought was so beyond me . But slowly slowly. Am truly grateful, cheers

  • @llwonder
    @llwonder Před 3 lety +1

    Holy crap this really gets me excited to learn guitar. I’ve never been able to see music theory so clearly and link it to actually creating music, a lot of your videos have been helping me open my eyes.

  • @timdavid3574
    @timdavid3574 Před 4 lety

    Outstanding video! Your knowledge and musicianship are both incredible; but your ability to arrange and present these concepts in such an easygoing, laidback, and understandable way is amazing. I truly look forward to the rest of this series! Thank!

  • @AlecJr21
    @AlecJr21 Před 4 lety

    Thank you Jake for your amazing work! As an aspiring guitarist I'm oftentimes Ieft in awe after one of your videos. What you're teaching here feels like magic, but you make it appear palpable

  • @glennk1931
    @glennk1931 Před 4 lety

    Such rich teaching. Absolutely brilliant

  • @necudavamkazem
    @necudavamkazem Před 4 lety +3

    Great idea for a series!

  • @ObzzorRock
    @ObzzorRock Před 2 lety

    Jake is a great teacher and musician. The content of this channel is consistently great!

  • @tshuqwud1693
    @tshuqwud1693 Před 4 lety

    Very well explained, one of if not the best "how to write riffs" videos out there, and trust me, I've spent a lot of time looking 😅 congrats! Can't wait for the next one!

  • @thlamuana2526
    @thlamuana2526 Před 3 lety

    I've been subscribing this channel for quite a while now and I've learned so many stuffs which are very useful and very practical. Since Im a self taught musician I was lacking musical theory and was always stuck to a point being unable to compose my own stuffs, but now I'm able to write my own song, thank you so much Jake, you are absolutely a great teacher. Best music lesson channel on CZcams

  • @tylertownsend4074
    @tylertownsend4074 Před 4 lety

    Bro this is literally the video I was looking for like two days ago. Thank you for being awesome!

  • @danhansma3112
    @danhansma3112 Před 4 lety

    Awesome!!! So excited for this series of videos!

  • @BJ-fj6jw
    @BJ-fj6jw Před rokem +2

    Jake, you make me want to grab my guitar -- and never play it again -- both at the same time. You friend, are a roller coaster ride of creativity over the top. Some big progressive rock band should pick you up. But we're Soooo happy you're taking time for us!!! You're my most valuable mentor at this time of my life. Thank you so much.

  • @forprogress999
    @forprogress999 Před 4 lety

    This year, I am thankful for jake. We appreciate all your content.

  • @EC2727
    @EC2727 Před 4 lety +2

    I have missed your channel so much Jake!!!! Glad to see a new video. :D

  • @tonygodwinjr7390
    @tonygodwinjr7390 Před 4 lety

    I love how you can play for the video and it sound super distorted and dirty then as soon as you record it.. its so smooth and clean. LOVE IT.

  • @backpages1
    @backpages1 Před 4 lety +8

    I don't often comment here, but I thought I would take the opportunity of this day of celebration, and thank you for the work you do here, I really enjoy it and despite being an old fart am learning, and to wish you a Merry Christmas!

  • @Josh_Fredman
    @Josh_Fredman Před 4 lety +9

    Mode 1: Keep crafting until you have a riff that makes you happy.
    Mode 7: Okay, so I was lying about happiness...
    You know, I was just thinking earlier today about the other common way of ordering the major modes--the brightness scale--and how it forms this sort of helix where you can keep lowering (or raising) one note at a time through all the modes until you get to the border between Lydian and Locrian, and when you cross it you move down (or up) to the next key and start all over again. It's really interesting how these two modes are defined by the tritone in the scale (the only two modes that do this) and yet could not sound farther apart from each other because of the difference between the tritone as a raised fourth versus a lowered fifth. I find it really interesting to explore the relationships between each mode's two "brightness" neighbors--such as major / Ionian, which brightens into Lydian and darkens into Mixolydian.

  • @preopticfear
    @preopticfear Před 2 lety

    This has been the most helpful so far! Love it

  • @ethan.schechinger
    @ethan.schechinger Před 4 lety +4

    I truly hope that all of the songs from this series will become full length songs and be released as an album. I don’t know how this man does it! Such versatile musicianship.

  • @AndrewKimmey
    @AndrewKimmey Před 4 lety

    This series is exactly what I've been looking for, thank you so much!

  • @ledpai
    @ledpai Před rokem +1

    You're the best teacher on internet for sure. I've been struggling to learn and it became so much easier when I found this channel. You're simply amazing teaching. Great job!!!

  • @grillosaint
    @grillosaint Před 3 lety

    This video was so helpful in my writing process. Thanks Jake for share

  • @voronOsphere
    @voronOsphere Před 4 lety

    Thanks, Jake! I've been working a lot lately in the F Major/D Minor Scale, so you picked a great key to teach this in for me! I love your lessons!

  • @fsh3702
    @fsh3702 Před 2 lety

    What a wonderful teacher you are! Sometimes many guitarists can play the instrument, but they definitely cannot explain the theory in an effective, easily understandable manner, but you nail it with such an ease, I really admire your ability of music instruction.

  • @shadeshadyshade254
    @shadeshadyshade254 Před 4 lety

    GREAT video and lesson today Jake! Finding you’re channel was one of the best things about 2019. Keep up the awesome & inspiring work 👍🏻😄👍🏻

  • @krudler406
    @krudler406 Před 4 lety

    awesome as always Jake, great idea for a series

  • @realpool
    @realpool Před 4 lety

    Looking forward to the rest of this series!

  • @mrstrypes
    @mrstrypes Před 4 lety

    So good, Jake! I love your stuff so much. Favorite teacher on CZcams.

  • @greysinferno8214
    @greysinferno8214 Před 4 lety

    I haven’t watched a video of yours yet that disappoints me in any way. You are an amazing teacher and I look forward to seeing your videos every time I open my CZcams app. Thank you for all that you do.

  • @james43medina
    @james43medina Před 2 lety +1

    Wow Bro. This is one of the most amazing creations i ever saw in a you tube video. You're amazing i promise i will pick up my guitar again and start making Muzik

  • @DasKidGrandios
    @DasKidGrandios Před 4 lety +29

    dang i cant believe how many musical secrets you give us for free! as a beginner you could make very cool music after a year just following youre advice, dang i am still stoked on how the internet is such a good learning source :) and thank you! i can see what youre doing for us and the worth of it is humongous!

  • @felixirkinas2750
    @felixirkinas2750 Před 4 lety

    Fascinating, purely fascinating!!! My head is exploding with all this stuff running through it right now! I cannot wait for Phrygian! I gotta get back to my practice so I can utilize what I have just seen!!! Keep it up and anxiously awaiting more!!!!

  • @claycarlton314
    @claycarlton314 Před 4 lety

    I cannot begin how to explain how much this walkthrough process helped me with my understanding of why my riffing was lacking and how to improve it. Thanks!

  • @Hicky33
    @Hicky33 Před 4 lety

    Cool. Love lessons like this. Showing the process is just on another level of making video that is really worth the subscription.

  • @jatodd3746
    @jatodd3746 Před 4 lety +3

    Thank you for the Christmas gift, and 6 more to come.

  • @rayjayvids
    @rayjayvids Před 4 lety

    That was good man. This was not only well presented, you also played and explained the processes beautifully and clearly. I respect your passionate enthusiasm too.
    Thank You.

  • @bradleynoe3400
    @bradleynoe3400 Před 4 lety

    I find your videos so educational and inspiring. Thank you!

  • @blakehuggins6973
    @blakehuggins6973 Před 4 lety

    Great job! Always a new wrinkle in my brain after watching your videos

  • @gregorwalton
    @gregorwalton Před 4 lety

    Really Great tips here. Looking forward to the rest of this series

  • @chrisdaviesguitar
    @chrisdaviesguitar Před 4 lety

    Another great post, will n enjoy following this series.

  • @zephyrheartwell2416
    @zephyrheartwell2416 Před 4 lety

    "Let's make this sound Rush-like" and does so perfectly. Beautiful way to highlight the possibilities of Ionian having tension, as interesting, bright and driving rather than just syrupy sweet like most artists write. Brilliant A+ effort!

  • @pkspadoosh5275
    @pkspadoosh5275 Před 3 lety

    dude you're a wizard, thanks for everything you put on this amazing channel

  • @WODZIO1988ns
    @WODZIO1988ns Před 4 lety

    you are 1st on youtube who show me how to riff around scales! Genius!

  • @braydensmith218
    @braydensmith218 Před 4 lety

    Looking forward to this series! Thank you sir!

  • @mohamedelalami521
    @mohamedelalami521 Před 4 lety

    amazing as always

  • @RC32Smiths01
    @RC32Smiths01 Před 4 lety +6

    Dang I love Prog, and anytime I see it in the title I watch! I was wondering if you could ever do an analysis on Rush now that Prog Rock was thrown around a bit! Cheers for the lesson

  • @phoenixlandingstudio6594

    Great vid man! You explain things so clearly, the riffage is strong with you!

  • @Nightmoore
    @Nightmoore Před 4 lety +1

    I’d hate to think some guitarists might decide to skip this one because of the title (and just assuming all major is boring). This might be one of the absolute best songwriting instructional videos on the Internet. Amazing stuff here. This is the content that’s so hard to find. It’s not just the theory stuff, but how to hook it all up together. Thanks so much for making these.

  • @JeiShian
    @JeiShian Před 4 lety +4

    That was beautiful. I suggest finishing and releasing the song!

  • @vitalychevtchenko7438

    Thank you! Very to the point of fascilitating creativity, not just plain theority or finger gym

  • @robinmartini7968
    @robinmartini7968 Před 4 lety

    I didn't believe it was possible, your posts are getting better! For me you have one of the most entertaining and instructive channels on the interweb :-)

  • @woodwork5574
    @woodwork5574 Před 4 lety

    Your videos are great Jake.

  • @Yusufmasron
    @Yusufmasron Před 4 lety

    Hey Jack, thanks soooo much for the video, love this kind of song arrangement tutorial. very helpful, easy to understand.

  • @murphyia1980
    @murphyia1980 Před 4 lety

    That was a genuinely *brilliant* video Jake. Wishing you all the best for Christmas etc!

  • @RBadel1
    @RBadel1 Před 4 lety

    Great content man! Love your content!

  • @erinrowley4291
    @erinrowley4291 Před 4 lety +1

    Fantastic video! I love the pacing of the material. Looking forward to some Dorian and Mixolydian riffing!

  • @alixwillis6756
    @alixwillis6756 Před 3 lety

    Best music theory channel I've found!

  • @DanielRize
    @DanielRize Před 3 lety +1

    Jake, I'm a really old guy who plays keys, not guitar. And I haven't really learned much new in years. But I can tell you that I've learned as much useful, interesting stuff from you as any keyboard guys on CZcams.
    Nice work, Bud
    Thanks.

  • @dipteshchakraborty1771

    Thanks bro for such a wonderful lesson, it helped me a lot to develop and improve my guitar techniques. May God bless you.🙏

  • @drnandakumarakvelu1581

    A real.lovely.lively way of teaching....DrNanda

  • @ErickWendelTraining
    @ErickWendelTraining Před 2 lety

    OMG that's sounds amazing!! Thank you so much for it!!

  • @matthewmahadeo6997
    @matthewmahadeo6997 Před 3 lety

    This man is a legend! Cant believe the way u help me understand

  • @mykhedelic6471
    @mykhedelic6471 Před 4 lety +1

    I remember when Neely and Beato had 300k. Rick needs to add more of this songwriting/sculpting to his channel. It's always good to learn your scales and play the changes, but it's songs and tunes that make playing worth while-- a vehicle, a context, an environment, a story. Also like the shout out to the shaping that the rhythm section plays and the effect that the arrangement has on things. This really spoke to creating as an application of all the technique and theory. You get chops, you get a vocabulary and then it's time to tell a story. When you write the story you go into the studio and you make the movie. Excellent class and an excellent-- and needed-- addition to the CZcams University music department curriculum.

  • @Tarsierfan217
    @Tarsierfan217 Před 4 lety

    You are the best teacher I have seen online, and you're incredibly talented and inspiring thank you so much for making these videos :)

    • @MrZachalewel
      @MrZachalewel Před 4 lety

      Join us on Patreon bud, I think you'd enjoy it.

  • @AlexEscalante
    @AlexEscalante Před 2 lety

    Awesome class!

  • @s4mm4st3r5
    @s4mm4st3r5 Před 4 lety

    Liked the solo, very tasteful :) thanks for the video Jake !

  • @TeeDOG6
    @TeeDOG6 Před 4 lety

    This clip was great. Enjoyed and learned a lot. Thanks.

  • @lucasnorena3029
    @lucasnorena3029 Před 3 lety

    I think your the best teacher on youtube. Awesome work man. 🙃

  • @EclecticEssentric
    @EclecticEssentric Před 4 lety

    Always excellent, thanks!

  • @justincase2600
    @justincase2600 Před 4 lety +1

    great video. I can practically hear Geddy Lee screeching through the riffs.

  • @ueaj123
    @ueaj123 Před 3 lety

    I love your videos! Been learning a lot lately. Keep it up, thank you.

  • @electricsuitbatman
    @electricsuitbatman Před 4 lety

    I'm only at 5:45 and that's amazing use of the mode. Love your stuff man. I've been watching all your teachings on modes and am slowly getting the bigger picture.
    Would love to hear you make some brighter metal in other modes.

  • @jaysonvalentine
    @jaysonvalentine Před 3 lety

    Hey Jake,
    I'm an aspiring composer with cerebral palsy. Although I don't play guitar, I've learned a lot of compositional techniques from your channel, and I wanted to thank you. You are always clear, concise, and have a great sense of humor. Please keep up your quality work!

  • @HarlanHarvey76
    @HarlanHarvey76 Před 4 lety

    Jake, your the best man, keep it up. Thanks for your lessons

  • @dumpstercat2229
    @dumpstercat2229 Před 4 lety +1

    I need the next video in this series!

  • @grayjphys
    @grayjphys Před 4 lety

    Beautiful solo, nice job man

  • @nuke97
    @nuke97 Před 4 lety

    Awesome writing and Great playing.

  • @theoriginaldixyunleashed7660

    Wow! What an amazing video!

  • @bones848484
    @bones848484 Před 3 lety

    Wow. This was a very helpful video for me. Thanks.

  • @AaronDeHart
    @AaronDeHart Před 4 lety

    This dude is a bad ass teacher.... Nice to know someone is still teaching theory these days and does it in a fun and understandable way :)

  • @toddlavigne6441
    @toddlavigne6441 Před 4 lety

    truly excellent teacher, which is very rare