SCHOPENHAUER Explained: The World as Will and Representation (ALL PARTS)
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- čas přidán 29. 08. 2024
- Arthur Schopenhauer is one of the most influential German philosophers. His philosophy of the Will has influenced thinkers and scientists such as Sigmund Freud, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, and even Albert Einstein. In many ways, Schopenhauer will also anticipate existentialism. In this documentary on the philosophy of Schopenhauer, we take a deep dive into Schopenhauer's magnum opus: The World as Will and Representation. We look at Schopenhauer's metaphysical system, his indebtedness to Immanuel Kant, and his philosophy of the Will.
This video also explores Schopenhauer's ethics and focuses on two recommendations: compassion and asceticism. We also introduce the concept of "agape", or divine love. Schopenhauer's intense focus on the individual, could be seen in some ways as a precursor to the existentialism movement later in philosophy.
Thirdly: Schopenhauer has sometimes been called "the artists' philosopher" because of his lasting influence on art. Art, for Schopenhauer, is a way for us to forget our suffering, even for only a short time. And music was the most perfect means to do so. Lots of artists took Schopenhauer's aesthetic theory to heart and felt emboldened in the pursuit of their craft as a result. We also touch upon his rediscovery of the Platonic Ideas.
If you found this video helpful, please like & subscribe. It helps out the channel a great deal. Thank you for watching! There's more Schopenhauer coming.
Happiness always lies in das future or in das past.
Now is das time because de time is right now,
At this very moment.
Could you enlighten me Mr. Weltegeist (world spirit) on what book or books of his writing you relied on for the creation of this video as I am really intrigued in reading them and then enjoying the video again with a far greater context.
You didn't explain how Schopenhauer can say that we're acquainted with the the knowledge of our noumenal self, given that you said that it only *appears* to us that our body is also a will, and not only a representation. That's why Kant said that the inner sense is as much a sense as the outer one, and therefore has knowledge only of how its noumenal self appears to itself, but not of what it itself is.
great and interesting video! what is Schopenhauer's epistemology exactly? does he have any? If yes, have you made a video about it?
Exellent.
You can not imagine my excitement when I saw what I thought would be "yet another 5 minute video on philosophy" and realized that it was actually 45 minutes long. This is the content I've been craving for so long, thank you
Haha thank you for the comment and the support. Always nice to read comments like these
@@WeltgeistYT Thank you for making videos like this! Honestly, I really appreciate it
@@_mishi me2
(2)
How about actually reading the content of the philosopher
One of the more sophisticated presentation of Schopenhauer’s work.
Thank you
Poor Arthur does not know martial art;
I am not a copy of my will
Nor its representation:
I am das will to master congfu,
Schopenhauer.
An excellent introduction to the sublime philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer.
Thank you!
Let us take a step back for a moment here because it is important to understand Arthur Schopenhauer ideas and their representations clearly.
Representation of the world Is a reality producing intuition of will in itself, action, while this is really simply a small critique and rejection of kant and his system of transcdental philosophy which I am reading now. You could say that.
Once I read Schopenhauer's suffering of the world essays. I realized how the hell this man was the master of intelligence. Every sentence he wrote sounds as he speaks out of me. He knew things, languages, sciences, facts that hadn't been discovered yet. He was a fucking greatest thinker and philosopher of all time.
Truly
I also love arther but may be others are also great. For ex With the translation of the Upanishads in the early 19th century they also started to attract attention from a Western audience. German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer was deeply impressed by the Upanishads and called it "the most profitable and elevating reading which... is possible in the world".[
Truly something that has been forgotten in time. WHY DO I KNOW JIM CROW BUT NOT SCHOPENHAUER TILL AFTER PUBLIC EDUCATION?
@@DhruvPatel-zg1zs it is to be noted that Schopenhauer developed most of his ideas in the world as will and representation, which was written when he was in his 20s and he had not read any eastern philosophy at that point.
@@pwnbck5794 I was replying to the comment which is saying arther was first to describe blind will or will to life.
Wow I love that you mentioned that Schopenhauer expressed these thoughts on the will to live 40 years prior to Dawrins Origin of Species. That's crazy but super interesting.
Perfect length vid, don’t be disheartened with fewer views! I think there is a lane for long form form philosophy content on YT, you’re great at it too! Keep up the great work :)
Excited for part 2 of beyond good and evil
Thank you. Very encouraging to hear.
Teaching is even more difficult than learning because what teaching calls for is this:
1. Encouragement
2. Inspiration
Because genuine interest cannot be forced.
Not forcing is Wu wei.
@@WeltgeistYT for sure, and don't ever take down this video. Is a gem.
I have loved Schopenhauer for more than 30 years . Ever since I stumbled on his essays.
Let us start by being kind to our fellow humans, plants and animals;
That is how mr Schopenhauer wants us.
His "Essay on Women" will be banned if some future Disinformation czarina finds out about it.
00:00 Introduction to The World as Will and Representation
05:26 Part Two: The Narrow Door
12:13 Part Three: The Will in Nature
15:26 Will to Life
19:31 Part Four: Ethics
21:00 First Path: Compassion
23:53 Second Path: Denial of the Will
30:32 Part Five: Aesthetics
33:09 Platonic Idea
36:33 The Sublime
39:08 Music
43:21 Conclusion
My hero ❤
Thank you for having Mitleid with us :)
King 👑
Experiencing a great amount of loneliness and depression, longing for a good conversation between two hearts who understand each other, I came across this video, and realized I am not as alone as I felt hour ago )))
A simple test of the claim that
Pleasure outweighs pain in this world is to compare the feelings of the animal that is devouring another animal
To those feelings of the animal that is being devoured.
@@satnamocan u put it in a simple way¿
You gave the world the absolute best summarisation of Schopenhauer available online
Much appreciated
He was an enlightened man who saw duality and lived compassionately.. thanks for the video
Very good overview of Schopenhauer's metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics. Many thanks for sending some light on a not well understood philosophy. You may want to read Bernardo Kastrup's book Decoding Schopenhauer for an excellent review of Schopenhauer's philosophy
Thank you. I’ve heard about the book but haven’t checked it out yet. What did you think of it?
Excellent summary. Done with such apparent effortlessness as to make the whole of Schopenhauer's philosophy simpler than it is.
Brilliant stuff.
The stuff about music really hits home for me. When i began to fall in love with classical music i had this feeling like there was something bigger than myself and that this music was a manifestation of that and that's what led to my interest in philosophy. Music really can be transcendent
I "discovered" classical music, specifically Wagner, almost sixty years ago. Since then I have
listened to many classical compositions as well as some of more modern origin, Samuel Barber etc. The one word to describe the character of music is indeed the word transcendent. I remember early on thinking that Prelude to Tristan and Isolde was "other worldly" and took me on a trip to another dimension. I still experience that today with many composers works. At some point I began to refer to these "sounds" as the music of God( substitute C
reator, Great Spirit, Brahman). Arthur Schopenhauer is "the icing on the cake" of my spiritual journey to learn my true identity. The journey continues.
@@lynnfisher3037quite fitting that Scriabin had a thing with the idea of ecstasy, which he tried to capture in his music.
World Class Content. Truly Amazing ❤️👌🏾
Thank you!
What is beauty ?
Simple is beautiful.
This video dwells closely to the platonic idea of perfection 😉
What a compliment! Thank you
Schopenhauer discovers Tao & seeing that it is strange, mysterious & though it is an undifferentiated one yet is the source of the ten thousand things. I know not what it is; i call it Will.😉
The last sentence was an attempt to paraphrase the opening of the Tao de Ching😄
It's interesting toseee that his views parallel what Buddhist & taoist folks observed & concluded too. Thanks for your excellent video, sir.👍🙏
And the blind say social media is a curse. Your channel stands as proof it doesn't have to be
Bravo! Beautifully done! Shopenhauer's master work is a meditation which requires stillness to understand, the reason no doubt many misunderstand.
Thank you
Silence is golden because truth must be realized in silent.
Probably the most important video I watched in the past 5 years or so…
Danke sehr. Ich habe so viele Videos auf YT geguckt, aber keins konnte Schopenhauer wirklich plausibel erklären. Diese Übersicht hilft mir wirklich. Vielleicht schaffe ich es sogar, das Hauptwerk jetzt zu lesen.
only 10 minutes in and im amazed at how concise and articulate this video essay is. Each point flows with the next and the animations help focus on the discussion. thank you for this
Your choice in art to illustrate each concept is so intelligent, I really admire it.
Thank you so much for making me discover and dig deeper into Schopenhauer's philosophy, it's having a huge impact on me
Nice to see growth oriented videos. It helps people have depth in their lives.
Just getting started on Schopenhauer philosophy and this video helped a lot. Thanks.
Glad it helped
"Where there is a will (Schopenhauer), there is a way (Lao Tsu)."
~George Herbert
Without de Dao
There is no Will!
the clearest online statement on AS--thanks much!
I watched this when it first came out and it sent me on a Schopenhauer binge.
Excellent explanation of will and representation and the first time after several attempts in the past that I started to understand it.
Thanks
Schopenhauer was the greatest Thinker before Nietzsche. Loved reading him
Just wanted to say that I appreciate your clarity and structure to the presentation.
The audio quality is always first-rate, too.
You produce some of the very best refresher/intro material on these subjects.
Thank you!
Very simple yet effective explanations of Schopenhauer’s philosophy. Grazie
This video is amazing. I love how you did it. You are a true force on CZcams.
Love is das force of creation because without love there is nothing.
"The world is not a piece of machinery and animals are not manufactured for our use. Such views should be left to synagogues and philosophical lecture-rooms, which in essence are not so very different." - Arthur Schopenhauer
A really good listen ...one to save and re-savour again ..
Schopenhauer was on to something. I respect all philosophers in history.
The more i learned about him the more I like his approach.
Fantastic. Thank you for these very clear and absorbing videos on Schopenhauer!
Thank you Daniel
All life longs for happiness.
All life trembles at punishment.
Do not do unto them what I do not wish to be done unto me.
I hope you make video of leviathan and Machiavelli
This was excellent! Really enjoyed this!
Thank you!
Me too;
I watch it more than once
Because mr Schopenhauer recommended.
Why is it that we only have the two options of
1.) Only humans having both will and representation. and
2.) Everything having both will and representation. ? Why can't it be that only some things have both will and representation (for example only those that we have grounds for assuming are conscious)?
Edit: I mean 8:53 for example
Great amazing video guys!! Just started Schopenhauer and this helped me a lot, great writing, editing and narration! félicitations les mecs!
Many thanks, this is really excellent.
Also appreciate the low key visuals. Some presenters want to have objects and sounds flying across the screen which is beyond distracting, it is just annoying.
It was brilliant especially that last music piece held aside. May be that's the beauty of art. And the hope is will human carry.
Excellent! Perhaps the best attempts to unify western and eastern thought!
I really liked the video (well, the other separated videos). The narration and the side comments were perfect.
I have never read Schopenhauer before, and it really really make my day learning about this author, so thanks to you!
Keep this kind of videos please, they are are amazing :)
Thank you! That's great to hear.
This is absolutely moving and beautifully explained. Could one person be experiencing the sublime experience by simply looking at another individual of say extraordinary beauty?
That’s a bit different… We want to cover it but we’re looking at our options. It’s a touchy subject for CZcams
If it is "extraordinary" beauty, nah..you won't.
But if it is BEAUTY, you will.
This is one of the best videos I've ever seen! Thanks for dissecting the genius of Schopenhauer! I'm sitting perfectly still and have been moved immensely towards the truth of existence!
Be still and das whole universe will surrender.
Be still and know that I am god.
God is a dreamer and when he speaks
He speaks in such a low voice that no one could ever understand-
Except for silent.
De only god is silent.
Thank you very much for this clear and interesting presentation..I subscribed.I finally understood some of the more subtle distinctions between will and representation in Schopenhauer's work which I admit eluded me when I read his work. The truth is that I had to listen to certain parts more than once and felt a little like Otto in a A Fish Called Wanda...but it is dense and challenging material. I do however read Nietzsche with the book turned the right way up ;)
Thank you for this. I ordered the book, and am really excited to finally read it so this is some good preparation while I wait for it!
Excellent video! Now I want to read the book. He is not a pessimist, he's a super realist.
Schopenhauer is the greatest philosopher in history. He saw the world as fully as any fallen man, unenlightened by the I AM, could.
Thats a christian backhanded compliment. Condescending and Indirect as expected.
The sentiments of love and of fear belong in the heart of a yet disillusioned fool. It is the disregard and scrapping of those unnecessary vesitges of delusion, through which we find the higher form of illucidated/luciferian thinking. Cold, objective, as it is.
@PsyMan Magus X He wasn't an atheist. He made it succinctly clear that he knew beyond debate that there is a god.
The "Will"
And then us,
The "representation"
He proved it. Anyone who said there is no God either hasn't read Scope, or they can't understand him. Yes he was completely right about science simultaneously. The two are not mutually exclusive. He and Kant, both, proved that the 2 stances (science and religion) argue for literally nothing.
@@horustrismegistus1017 "The "Will"
And then us,
The "representation""
Again, an outright misunderstanding of Schopenhauer. Our individual will-to-life is a manifestation of the universal Will. We do not exist separate from the Will, as it is the ground of all existence. We experience our will-to-life quite directly as a thing-in-itself. Representations are just the mind's making sense out of the Will.
Thank you very much for a great video. As someone fairly new to Schopenhauer's thoughts, this was very insightful.
Wonderful work. A excellent clarification of both valid and constable points of him. Most of his ideias in this book still today serve as strong basis for modern philosophical pessimism.
An exceptional presentation. This is truly illuminating. Thank you for introducing us to Schopenhauer.
Thanks for the kind words
Nature is a sublime artist.
Enter Nietzsche:
"There is no Will behind Representation; the Representations themselves *are* Will -- and each in their own isolated instances (not as One)."
thank you so much, very well thought and organized.
Sublime video! Thank you so much❤
Thank you too!
For those who liked this philosophy, Do check out the profound Indian philosophy of Vedanta (Lectures by Swami Sarvapriyanada on youtube) that has evolved over thousands of years and form the foundations of some parts of Buddhism and Hinduism
Totally Hindu, Schopenhauer was living in India, the world as the expresion of the will of the being. As the Dream of Brahma basically. Pshysics are getting there. 2D / 3D + 1 ADS holografic universe. Waves creating a holografic ilusion, that is the definition of a dream created by brain waves.
@@copeseethedilate Smart girl, dont change, respect here.
@@copeseethedilate saw your preferences, very similar interests, you seem to be a special, clever, authentic person.
Hat off.
Yea this schopenhauer guy sounds really similar to Buddhism
@@tawkinhedz every philosophy is based on buddhism.which is basically common sense.
At the conclusion of this video I realized that for a brief period of time I was entranced into a world beyond my reality. I liked it!
This is so well explained. Thank you. 🙏🏻
Well done mate. Clear and beautifully summarised. We need more of this to encourage young people to study philosophy.
Thank you very much sir, it helped a lot
Isn't music platonic in a Pythagorean sense? Perfect ratios, patterns, etc. It's highly mathematical, though not merely mathematical.
To my understanding, it is indeed platonic in that because everything in existence that can be perceived through the subject-object partition MUST have one or both of the Representation and Will qualities for it to project itself as a distinctive creation apart from The Eternal Will. The optimal ratios, patterns and cadence of a particular rhythm which is then translated into a fully functioning sequential piece of music are attributed to the representation half as a natural consequence of the nature of the music itself being an arrangement.
For example, you can listen to a singular note and think of it as a perfect sound, which it most certainly is, but a single note does not a soundtrack make. It is in the praxis of understanding the harmonies of all of the different musical notes that exist and being able to organize them that Representation itself is manifested. In other words, it is the human positive interference of organization that is the Representation since it is predicated on the understanding of the aforementioned knowledge of music arrangement. Music in and of itself has no representation because it is abstract and intangible in the truest sense of the word.
I tried to read about his philosophy years ago and it was not clicking for me so thanks for making it very understandable and enjoyable as well!
I was going to say I really like Schopenhauer but not many could love with Agape love.
More temerity: When you summarized that for Schopenhauer, music is outside representation, I immediately thought of Beethoven and how he would go for long walks where from he would be able to generate his musical ideas. Beethoven would conjure the sound of birdsong in at least one of his compositions. Another example outside of a natural forest, he would evoke (soldier’s) marching. Overall, he represented human feeling. I was glad to hear Beethoven as you finished the video.
I put my phone down after finishing this out of amazement, what a great video
Thank you for your amazing video! You are a great video maker!
Thank you, that's nice to hear.
That was fantastic. My introduction to this guy’s ideas & philosophy. Gracias!
Glad it helped
I'm yet to read Schopenhauer but my interest is piqued after watching this. I may have to bump him up my reading list.
Thank you! You've earned my subscription.
Definitely read the man!
I really like this channel.
You are so underrated.Love your work❤
I rate welt good.
What is good ?
Well done. Great introuduction . You can see how influential he must have been on Darwin.
I’m grateful for this video because it explained so beautifully a very difficult concept that I became breathless. Thank-You
Regarding asceticism isn't the rejection of the Will just a more subtle form of the Will? If I want to give up desires isn't that merely a desire to be desireless? I have given up base and animalistic desires and replaced them with so-called higher spiritual desires.
I think this is a point Nietzsche makes in his criticism of Schopenhauer
In adopting a purely ascetic view we still remain trapped in the realm of sensuality - both craving for sensual pleasure and aversion to sensuality means we are still pressured by it and remain confined by it. I think this is why the Buddha presented his teachings as 'The Middle Way' (although with an ascetic bent, no doubt). Also see for example the story of the Buddha's refusal of his cousin/fellow monk Devadatta's request to make certain ascetic practices mandatory for his students. The Buddha is said to have remarked that those who felt inclined to follow the ascetic practices should do so but it should not be made mandatory as what may promote selflessness in one mind can incite pride in another. As the story goes this leads to Devadatta forming a schism in the order of monks as he began to see himself as more worthy than the Buddha to lead the order due to his pride in adopting the more ascetic extremes.
Schopenhauer addresses this. First, the universal Will and the individual will-to-life can be distinguished. The latter is a manifestation of the former. The former is also the ground of all being and therefore inescapable.
The rejection is of the individual will-to-life, and yes, you are correct that it never happens without the universal Will deeming it so. Rejection of one's own will-to-life is another manifestation of the Will.
THANK YOU! PERFECTLY SIMPLE & INCREDIBLE AS COULD BE DONE !! GREAR JOB
Thanks a lot!
Best lay friendly breakdown and explanation I've come across.
Thank you!
Very good video, I read it a few years ago but a little reminder of the main ideas in a simple and clear way is very useful
Thank you
Amazing introduction, thank you so much. You've a new follower. 🎉
Bravo! Bravo! What a great video 👍🏿 Thank you for sharing!
This was lovely and brilliant. Thank you
This is a clear and thoughtful presentation. Nice work!
I love this! While I disagree with a significant portion of this, I've learned a lot! It seems like he was trying to figure out something similar to what I am, just without a perfect foundation to build off of. I'll definitely try to get my hands on his book! Maybe many of his books!
I've got to hear what u disagree with and why
@@horustrismegistus1017 I gotta rewatch this, but if I remember correctly it was a difference in religious foundation, where I use religion as a metaphorical "lab table" to build on, and he lacked such a foundation. And that he was drawing pessimistic conclusions from the same types of things I was drawing optimistic conclusions from.
That being said, I need to rewatch it to confirm. If that answer doesn't make sense, or is lacking information, that's why.
The first divergent thing I'd disagree on is with the narrow door. I believe Will isn't a single thing, but many things that come and go from this plane of existence as time moves on. That Will is tied to time and space just as it's representation, though the Will is hard to see if it is not your Will.
For example, I have my Will. I can notice things no one else can ever come close to without some supernatural ability. You, as well, have things you notice that I could never even dream about knowing, as even the subject would be so distant though filters that any form of it you communicate with me will be an extreme abstract to a great degree.
Humans, animals, planets, stars, trees, rocks. Each has their own Will, and one that's impossible to fully understand without supernatural abilities or divine intervention.
The second divergence, he sees the world as suffering. I think this is a flawed viewpoint. For one, with nonhuman animals, there's not a lot of natural suffering, save for the climax of its death.
It's a cycle of energy. One individual gives to another, one gives life and enjoyment that we're created where none was, and the other receives it, having the opportunity for it to permanently impact their lives. As such, life is joy, or a journey to find and recieve joy and share it with others.
Third divergence. Love isn't sympathy, nor is it empathy. Willful sympathy and empathy can come from love. I've already explained that we are each individual Wills, so I won't again. But with that, the sympathy path wouldn't happen as we're not hurting ourselves when we hurt others directly, though it disconnects us from source/the Holy Spirit when we do, and makes us unable to have the good that comes from that, indirectly hurting us.
Thank you! It all makes so much more sense!
Thanks for watching
Love everyone who help me understand stuff, as I am after intellectual pleasure
Me too; it is das second best
Very well done.
Thank you so much for this❤️
You're welcome!
Appreciate your videos. Could you make a version with Kant ?
Sometime in the future for sure
The thing that Kant is saying-and I feel like you’re maybe meaning to say this too, though I’m not entirely sure-is not that we cannot know what the world is like beyond experience, but rather that there is nothing that it’s like. It’s a subtle but very important distinction. It’s not like saying that we cannot know what it’s like to see things as a cat or a butterfly or whatever. It is to say that the world must be experienced for experience to exist, and if experience does not exist, then the properties of experience do not exist, so if the world is not experienced then those properties do not exist. One cannot imagine what the world is like without experience, because there is nothing that it’s like; it’s a contradiction in terms-to experience the world without experience. So not only can you not imagine such a thing as the world beyond experience, but in fact there is nothing to imagine. It’s not as though we simply lack the conceptual capacity to imagine it. It’s more like it’s a state of negative value, like electrical potential. How much electricity is flowing through a 120v outlet? None, until there is something there to conduct it. To speak of electricity without conductance still makes sense, just like the world without experience, but it would be strange to ask how many watts something might use in a 120v current if there were no conductance.
Thank you. I can't manage this sort of thing without help and encouragement.
Really outstanding summary. Bravo!
Man, great videos. I've been learning a?lot. Thank you!
My few experiences with psychedelics have shown me how subjective vision is and how subjective the experience of time can be. It was a completely previously inconceivable experience of vision and time. I would not have been able to articulate it that concisely had I not watched the beginning of the video.
Part of my psychedelic experience was feeling compassion and experiencing being other things: another person suffering, some kind of observer, and a large space object. I also experienced fear of experiencing the world (it was understood within the context of my trip that people reincarnate according to the lessons they need to learn…even though I have never believed in reincarnation and don’t think I do now either.)
Despite having the trip (the most impactful one), it is still extraordinarily difficult to see other people as having their own wills and responding with that awareness. It’s strange as it’s the first time I’ve related my trip to philosophical ideas like Schopenhauer.
Damn that turtle quote is depressing.
My brain checked out shortly afterward as I lost interest in following the ideas/reasoning of the later sections
Brilliant video, I devoured it like all your content so far.
I can"t help but to wonder how Dennett replies to Schopenhauer. In "From Bacteria to Bach and Back" Dennett talks about "Cartesian Gravity" that clouds the perspektive of many a philosopher when contemplating the duality of mind and matter. I guess, Dennett knows how to make sense of matter/"representation" and sees human will (along with consciousness and life) as features of physical matter.
I am currently reading From Bacteria to Bach and back once more in order to understand, whether or Dennett actually has an answer on this one question: Why do I feel me and no-one else? This question leads Schopenhauer to the initial crossroads and - ruling out "theoretical egoism" to his philosophy of a will without multiplicity and so one.
Dennett's answer are all about the theory of evolution: At some point it benefits an organism to develop a sense of "it" versus its environment and thus identification is yet another feature of human matter ultimately. Of course, human evolution is a man-made concept and to me the question remains.
Wonderful work, thank you!
Excellene explanation sir
Thank you so much!! It's so clear, limpid, well exposed and hypnotising, bravissimo 🙏🌺🌷