How Can Matter Be BOTH Liquid AND Gas?
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Supercritical Fluids are one the strangest states of matter and yet they are found everywhere from Decaf Coffee, to dry cleaning, to the atmosphere of Jupiter. When we think of an exotic state of matter we tend to think of the really weird things that matter can do in extreme circumstances - like how at very high temperatures we get the plasma that the sun is made of, or at extreme densities we get the nuclear matter of neutron stars. But there’s one state of matter - supercritical fluid - that’s not solid, liquid or gas, but is also not confined to extreme or rare environments. In fact, there are planets in our solar system completely covered with oceans of the stuff, and you’ve often been the beneficiary of its powers without even knowing it.
Special Thanks to Nigel Braun. Check out his episodes on
Supercritical Fluids: • Going supercritical.
Making Aerogel: • Making aerogel
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For those who skip the comments: there will be an end of year AMA on the channel on Monday, December 19th @ 4pm EST. We hope to see you there!
drunken barfight while defending your sister's honor???
Danke! ^.^
People who skip comments are probably the same people who don't watch the post credits scene in marvel movies
you know, this is the one time I didn't skip them
@@ZoranRavic actually I tried watching those but fell on 2 videos back to back where they weren't interesting, watched those now and I think I missed a lot of very interesting ones
This really feels like an "It's not a bug, it's a feature" component of our universe
Yep
I mean, technically and as far as we know, everything functions as intended and the only bugs we know of in our universe are the ones that crawl around on our planet...
LOL! Yeah, the universe surely has its own quirky way of saying, 'Trust me, I meant to do that.' Pretty wild, isn't it? Cool perspective!
I'm really happy that he was willing to let you guys use his visuals because understanding it when actually seeing it happen is really interesting. His video was excellent and I loved how he actually went through the process multiple different times to try and go with which was really cool
Yeah, Nile does some cool stuff. I got interested in his videos when his video on turning disposable plastic gloves into hot sauce popped up in my suggested feed.
@@codymoore2886I thought that was who “he” was
When this video started talking about supercritical fluids I had Nigels video in mind hahaha
Cody’s lab also made a nice vid on supercritical co2, showing the weirdness of it’s behavior even more, I think.
Nil is the greatest. I am also always afraid for his physical health after each experiment 🙈
Worth mentioning while nilered shot that footage the device was provided by Ben over at applied science. He has an amazing CZcams channel where he discusses and explores all sorts of technical things. He built his own scanning electron microscope and made a liquid nitrogen generator.
Ben is on an entirely different level than most humans, lol. What he's able to accomplish in his garage is astounding.
Came here to say exactly this - Ben's channel is amazing and I still reference his magnets video in my projects
I can't imagine how hard it would be to design an engine that ran on liquid N2.
Ba dump tchss
@@reidflemingworldstoughestm1394 I bet you could get a Stirling engine to run on liquid nitrogen. Not to use as fuel, but to run on the temp difference between liquid no2 and ambient.
I am seeing an increased cooperation between smart and famous youtubers, and I think that's great. 40+ years after it's conception the Internet finally starts to deliver fruits for us - regular, non-smart-but-curious folks. Now I can die happy.
I really love it when scientific channels collaborate and let each other borrow each other's visuals to explain things much more easier.
Jack Griffin!
For those curious on triple points, a very tangible example is found in geology. The crystals andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite are made of the same material. But the pressure and temperature experienced when cooling determines what crystal precipitates. A single chunk of rock can naturally have all 3 types forming alongside each other. It's beautiful.
And material phase diagrams also explain why some stainless steels are non-ferromagnetic despite containing iron. The material phase austenite is the culprit.
oh! Huh. I know two out of the three of those, sillimanite being the oddball....
Yup a lot of gemstones especially emerald are originating from supercritical water. In fact it usually has a bizarre inclusion as a result. A crystal of magnetite, a bit of water, and a bubble of gas 🤓
That isn't a triple point. A triple point is the state in which you can move to any other state, solid, liquid, or gas, directly from that 'triple point. Or are you trying to say that this rock is in a gas, liquid, and solid state?
@@pyropulseIXXI My example is a triple point in geologic terms, which is different from a thermodynamic triple point. A thermodynamic triple point pertains to 3 phases of matter existing at a single juncture, while a geologic triple point pertains to 3 different crystalline structures at a single juncture. Yes you are correct in that this video is the "classic" true definition of a triple point, I'm just providing another way of looking at it. A triple point in geology is also a point in which 3 tectonic plates intersect, but I'll leave that out to avoid further complication.
They are called triple points because both scenarios involve a substance being 3 different unique phases/materials at equilibrium. Both are rare to find in nature!
I knew about supercritical fluids, but I never realized how important they are. It's honestly kind of wild that so many mundane things rely on such a weird state of matter.
? A squid that is doof AND Dr.? THAT is weird to me.
For me they're most important in trivia games :)
@@unperrier5998 or if I want to scare off my wife when she demands sexy times...with ME!
They aren’t just important…………..
they’re……………………..
critical
@@jonesyjones5408 They're not just critical, they're -----------------------------------
Supercritical.
Was hoping you'd mention Venus. This fact isn't widely shared, and to me it's one of the most fascinating aspects of Venus.
If you could make aerogel that would float on the superfluid then all you need is a satellite that floats on the super fluid that can build aerogel the whole planet are the right lab conditions to do it. It’s kind of a no-brainer.
@@jasonwilson7094 -- That's just a dirigible in a fancy atmosphere. Venusian weather balloons are still a great idea, but you don't need superfluid to do a floating lab.
@@mikefuller9073 He was just annoyed at the effect of sulphuric acid on his dry cleaning.
So if you fired your thrusters when landing on Venus Falcon 9 style, would you still end up with a very clean-looking spacecraft (with all the soot washed off)?
@@dalemosdeliverers9050 and all your flesh washed off. didn't we just read about the sulfuric-acid clouds?
Dry cleaner here. Many of us are still using a chemical called Perc (Perchloroethylene) to dry clean. It's extremely non-polar so it is great for addressing oil stains. Under ideal conditions, basically all of it is distilled off and reused. If anyone is worried about it sticking to clothes, they should know that it evaporates very readily and by the time you put it on it will be totally gone.
If there's one bad thing I can say about this video, it's that it ends.
But that would be supercritical.
lol
Keep it cool ❄️
This was excellent. Thank you. Merry Christmas! ✝️🎄
OOOOOOOOHHHHHHH!!!
If the many-worlds interpretation is correct, then there is a universe where Matt is still listing states of matter.😁
Yoooo happy to see NileRed's footage (with permission) in this video! It really is a great demonstration, he made some great videos on supercritical fluids.
I'm watching this literally after watching another video where Nigel blow up an inflatable doll on a rooftop in Tokyo. So weird.
Great vid - I’m a chemical engineer currently working on a carbon capture plant. We’re having issues with reverse flow relief scenarios with supercritical CO2 depressurising and causing dry ice to form in the relief valves due to JT cooling. Great relevant video for me.
What a fascinating problem to be working.
Too bad carbon capture is completely pointless right now though.
As a Chemical Engineer I wish I could work such interesting problems
@@joaovfm it is a great project, most interesting I’ve been on since graduating in 2017. Great to be on energy transition projects.
20:35 Can confirm. I have several strobe lights flickering in each eye 24/7. Been like that since around 1996. It never stops.
It also causes enlarged blind spots, which is a little weird because the brain fills in the missing area so things aren't hidden behind a wall of black, they're just deleted. eg, I walked into a step ladder one night because I couldn't see it, I ran my hand into a table saw because my hand was in a blind spot and I could not see it despite looking directly at the blade.
I suppose I hadn't ever really thought about how decaf coffee is made. This was fascinating! I didn't realize the lower reaches of the Venusian atmosphere were supercritical fluid. Thank you for this!
Merry Christmas out there everybody! ✝️🎄
I was JUST about to suggest you look up NileRed on this exact subject, but I didn't expect you guess literally use them in the video!
I am glad you consider Nile as a source you can trust and add to your videos. I would love to see an official PBS Space x NileRed crossover episode in the future c:
I learned more about supercritical fluids in this CZcams video than I did in the year I attempted a physics masters thesis on the stuff.
The major professor had tried to record fluid flow patterns of a supercritical fluid, but his experimental setup left much to be desired.
The heater was an old fashioned lightbulb, controlled by a laptop and a thermocouple.
But instead of putting the bulb in a socket, he had me use a soldering iron to weld the wires to the bulb (?!) (yes, this is a physics experiment).
I ended up doing a non-thesis masters.
Your professor needs to take an engineering class or two.
@@Gr3nadgr3gory Just like how misunderstandings of physics are badges of honor for mathematicians, surely ignorance of engineering principles is a compliment for physicists?
LOL! Sounds like your major professor was auditioning for a spot on 'MacGyver: Physics Edition'. Soldering wires to a bulb for a supercritical fluid experiment? Talk about innovative (or, you know, bonkers)! It's no wonder you learned more from CZcams than in that lab. I'd be left scratching my head too. Sometimes reality is stranger than fiction!
Scientist: So are you a liquid or a gas?
Supercritical fluid: Yes.
Seems like I get something similar after a bad meal.
Not sure if it's liquid or gas, but definitely supercritical.
Well yes, but actually no.
A liqass
shut up
thing: do you exist?
supercritically existant objects: yesn't
thing: mofuckas always speakin ITALICS
Super critical water gives us vulcanism and we didn’t realize this until very recently as far as science goes. I’m surprised that you gave that aspect of it so little screen time. The reason I mention this is because it’s the reason we get deposits of ore that we ultimately dig up to make the tools we use to explore our corner of Spacetime!
This channel has been one of the most inspirational things in my life and I want to thank Matt for it. Thank you. I wasn't too good at physics when I was doing my engineer studies after high school but all this is very approachable and interesting and I really love this channel.
This has to be the most lucid and interesting depiction of supercritical fluids that I have ever seen. It takes you far, far away from simple phase diagrams and brings the viewer to a quick 'a-ha!' understanding. Thanks, Matt!
Thanks everyone at Space Time and helpers! Thanks to Dr. Matt for his charisma. I learn a lot from you guys.
I’m so glad you guys made this video! I’ve been hearing a lot about supercritical fluids lately and I’ve never really understood… what they are. I can list facts about them, why we use them when we do, etc, but I never really understood what they actually are
@Applied Science also has a series of videos on supercritical CO2. He was probably the first CZcamsr to make it in a transparent chamber. And he decaffeinated his own coffee beans. Shockingly, that was 11 years ago.
This is too cool. When you were talking about it being hard to visualize the supercritical liquid phase, I had an immediate recall of that NileRed video. Then you play it on here! I like the sort of convergence where my favorite non-intersecting CZcams channels suddenly cross streams.
For anyone who needs to see this if you stayed for the last comments in the video: this is especially true for nearsighted folks with extra strong prescriptions. The more flashes and floaters that you see (they aren't bacteria), if the number goes up a lot, get to the ophthalmologist. If you have a retinal tear, you might see a black 'sheet' fall across your vision or something like that. Again, get help immediately if you want to keep your eyesight. I had a scare once with an aural migrane where I could not see for the first time. It was terrifying, but fortunately temporary. I thought my retina tore because a doctor had warned me that with my prescription that could happen to me. Also, I'm not a doctor. FYI.
I would love to have you as an astrophysicist on call at the hospital. I want to be able to call an astrophysics consult and get yelled at for not having the patient's neutrino exposure history ready in advance. It'd probably be faster than getting an ophthalmology consult booked for visual flashes too.
I’d been fascinated by the supercritical fluid phase ever since I learned of it. I’d been hoping for a good and visually aided discourse of it, and this is it. Thank you and Nigel!
i just wanted to say i have seen all your videos a few times each and i appreciate all the hard work you guys put into thiem. Thank you
Thanks Matt and team for another great video!
One time I was explaining the Triple Point to my parents - matter being a solid, a liquid, and a gas, all at the same time. To which, my step mom replies, "Is that like when you use the bathroom? It's a solid, a liquid, and a gas." The three of us couldn't stop laughing for the next 30 minutes. 😂😂
Thank you for this video, it confirmed a lot of intuitions I had about this subject. It’s not always easy to find answers to your questions when you don’t have enough knowledge to formulate those questions adequately.
Thanks for bringing me back to my first thermodynamics lecture taken a quarter of a century ago for me. Almost anticipating you to mention the term reservoir, a favourite term used by my professor.
This was actually nice! Phase transitions are quite interesting. There is for example some sub-phases inside liquid, where viscosity or surface tension changes at some temperature/pressure.
But now that we looked at the phases on the "right side" of the Einstein equations, maybe the next video could be about phases on the other side! (phases of geometry/ gravity)
Thank you for a very clear explanation. (and to the other contributor you referenced)
This is so refreshing to hear you speak about classical physics at the edge of our knowledge (or our understanding as laymen) rather than almost speculative knowledge at he edge of our fondamental non clasical knowledge (even if I love that too!). Continue spicing your more extreme things about space time (which are great!), with sometimes (just sometimes) a detour to more classical physical mysteries : the three bodies problem, the Navier-Stoke equations, chaos theory, matterial physics on the macroscopic scale (properties of solids : physical, electrical, chemical, magnetic, etc.).
Don't lose the space-time trend : just spice it with videos like that which are very educational and interesting when you present them this way, with your talent.
Go on doing it in your own very subtle way, your serialized way, to fascinate the non geeks who are afraid of equations and the very geeks who want highly complex physics without them. I think I'm a fan because I'm a bit of both.
Thank you!
Another add up about Super Critical Fluid in my feed thanks to PBS Spacetime and Scienceclic. Very awesome.
At final someone who explained supercritical fluids in plain English unlike the professor in my HVAC class
I love how AppliedScience's project keeps popping up on my favorite creator's videos. Giving it to Nile was a really kind and smart move for everyone!
Yeah I bet a ton of teachers will have used that footage in lectures as well. It's an awesome demonstration.
I first learned about Supercritical Fluids on NileRed's channel. Loved seeing you use his footage and shout him out while discussing this!!
I remember learning about this topic in my organic chemistry lectures many years ago; and back then I found it very difficult to visualise these different phases. Thanks to your video, I can finally understand what I was trying so hard to understand back then.
What a fascinating and unique episode!
Last time I was this early, En Passant wasn't forced!
spotted the anarchychess member
Last time I was this early..... she left me 🫤
same
First of all, that's a ridiculous forced meme, and second of all, 1. e4
2.Ke2
The pacing and sequencing of his explanation excites me dude. Like he said “I’m gonna show you” (3:38) and I’m audibly saying “SHOW ME.”
All the information all the time. Thank you PBS for helping on my path of growth.
Oh nice, I remember learning about this in my first Chemistry class in College. Sadly, college I never got to do or complete. Had I done things right maybe i'd have a PhD too, instead only GED. :\ I love that state diagram @1:56 the way it's graphical instead of just lines really makes it pop. :)
Saw a vid years back from NileRed where he went into this stuff while trying to create aerogel. He had a pressure chamber where he was making liquid co2 go supercritical during a part of the process was pretty interesting.
Edit: comment was made after I paused this vid 2min in 😂
All fun and games until you find out they covered some of that in this video.
ha i came to say the same thing until i saw yr comment :)
@@thekronianserpent6523 Lol didn't see a NileRed shoutout coming I admit. Def waiting till the end from now on and check out Nigels channel if yall haven't already. Dude does tons of crazy chemistry experiments.
Nile green is objectively superior.
@@nickkorkodylas5005 this is true
This was so cool! Loved the visual representation of the subject and I'm definitely gonna go watch NileRed's video after this. I adore the space/cosmology stuff and really enjoy hearing about the more high level astrophysics stuff, even if I don't understand it all. However, episodes like this; the more practical and comprehensible physics, they're always such a breath of fresh air. Thanks for always providing such great content you guys!
I love it when you blow my mind with stuff I hadn't heard before.
IT’S SPACE TIME
How about when water gets compressed in exotic types of ice? I’ve read about ice x and xii being in the extreme parts of that same phase chart. That would be another interesting topic to cover! Love your videos ❤ I always learn a lot from them! Thanks 😘
That _might_ lean into allotropes, which would be interesting by itself if it hasn’t already been detailed…
Second this. Perhaps also ice states of ammonia and other ices?
All this made me test the enthalpy of ice in a martini skaker... not all that exotic but... oh so yummy. Super critical to use right proportions 🥸
If we keep increasing the pressure in a supercritical liquid... do we get a supercritical solid ?
@@cezarcatalin1406 Different physics, high pressure for solids leads to stripping of electrons (and eventually fusion), though if you get to iron that also stops happening.
Congratulations to the PBS Space Time team for creating all this amazing, informative and engaging Science Communication content. Thank you!
Thanks for the featuring! And big shout-out to my current and former colleagues of IceCube who put so much work into producing these newest IceCube results. (More work than I put into this paper, actually, so they should be featured here!)
This is so cool! The actual footage of the CO2 really helped understand the phenomenon.
I learned about this from Science Clique first. Their video was pretty well done, as is every one of their videos. They're able to explain like I'm 5 things I never knew could be explained that simply. PBS does a great job but a lot of the equation physics stuff goes over my head.
That's great! I like the smattering of more complex ideas, most other science communicators gloss over the details entirely.
@@TlalocTemporal wow, you're so smart and cool! ☝️🤓
Amateur Naval Historian here:
This video is great. I've always wondered about the difference between standard steam and supercritical steam. Prior to the invention of reliable diesel nuclear reactors, the largest ships used oil fired boilers. Spray oil into a firebox and ignite it to biol water moving through tubes. These boilers turn water to vapor steam and, due to thermal expansion, the steam increases in pressure and can be used to run steam pistons or turbines. Basically, it's an oil power plant or steam train being used to run a ship.
Nuclear reactors run much hotter. The reactor is hot enough to increase the temperature and pressure enough to make the steam supercritical. If supercritical steam is incompressible, then you don't lose as much energy throwing it through the steam turbines. I think. Maybe. Maybe Matt can confirm or debunk? But that's my conjecture based off this.
Before I retired I worked in generating stations that had boilers and turbine generator units. One generating station I worked at had two boilers that operated at 1800psi pressure and 1000 degree Fahrenheit temperature. And one unit at this station operated at a supercritical pressure of 3550psi and temperature of 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. So this generating station was another area where a supercritical fluid was used to generate electricity.
If you had an appropriate suit could you actually swim in a supercritical fluid? I wonder what that would feel like...I'm guessing probably not but it would be awesome if you could!
It would tend to be more like a submarine than a suit, but you could be buoyant in some fluids. Swimming would be an issue since such fluids aren't very viscous, it'd be a bit like trying to swim through air. A fan would be a more useful way to get about.
@@garethdean6382 So it's like floating on air?
I was born in 1989 and have always loved science. Grew up watching Bill Nye and every physics based show Nat Geo or Discovery Science channel could throw at me. In my entire life no one has taught me more or helped me understand physics and our universe more than Matt Parker. His dedication to teaching and explaining physics is truly an inspiration to me and will always bring me back, eager to learn more new things. Thank you for all the great work you do!!!
"always loved science. Grew up watching Bill Nye..."
Ugh. The sex junk guy.
As a chemical engineering student, this was a super awesome video. Really cleared up some of my basic conceptions. Loved it!
Best intuitive explanation about supercritical fluids so far at least to me.
Sooooo… could particles that are usually considered metallic stay as such in the supercritical fluid phase, like say mercury, iron, lithium, copper just to name a few, and how would their properties typically associated with metals change, would they still be electively conductive, could they still be magnetically attracted in some manner?
Nice.
Interestingly, metals exhibit what is considered to be in plain terms 'metallic' behavior' exactly because the the properties they have when solid. The nuclei of metals can easily part with one or more of their outer electrons which allows them a degree of freedom in a crystal lattice. This is what makes solid metals conduct electricity. To answer your question: Metals techinically do not conduct electricity in both critical and non-critical gas forms. They are however readily ionized allowing a current to flow through a path of plasma, in what is called an arc discharge.
Remember that everything heavier than helium is a metal.
@@michaelsommers2356 so carbon, oxygen, and fluoride are metals despite not having the typical qualities of what is considered a metal?
@@ericdiederik3732 ok, so most typical metals at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, when undergoing super-criticality, behave closer to gases than they do as liquids or solids? That’s what I thought, but I could never find any research, resources, or references to check if that idea was the case or if something else was going on. I knew that the comparatively higher density solids combined with the fact that most of the metallic elements easily loss or give away electrons was the main reason that they could conduct electricity (very over simplified, but you get the point) and I was wondering if the density would be high enough for supercritical fluid “metals” to conduct electricity in a similar fashion to solid or liquid metals. Thanks for the comment, I’m going to continue to search for information on this very subject
So happy that you guys collaborated with NileRed, I love both of your videos
Great presentation professor. The animation makes it very easy to understand.
Gracias!
You should also do a video about fluidized beds! They are used in quite a lot of industrial processes, even in oil refineries. In a way, the dispersed phase behaves like it belongs to another state of matter.
Matt's front tooth appears to have partially changed states of matter from solid to gas since the last video, face do be lookin' kinda pirate in this one, Arrr Matey!
why so few people mentioning this lol
Can you do a video on how the zeta function is used in quantum mechanics?
no
@@falnica you're not as funny as you think
Ah I've seen that Nile video nice I'm so glad yall used it
So great to see two of my favorite YT channels collide like this
It's all fun and games when co2 and water go supercritical, but when plutonium does it, suddenly everyone's immediately offended and turning their backs to it...
Notification squad
on duty!
Awesome to see some of my favorite CZcams channels working together!
The Nile red guy has a wonderful and insightful rant about the term "sublimation" that I love.
(obligatory potty joke)
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Amazing video! Thank you so much for this content!
His videos really remind me of my physics teacher on school. He also could explain the most difficult concept with a beautiful example or experiment. He sparked my interest for physics, chemistry and astro physics
First
Finally 😎. Anyway, let's watch the video and then comment again.
I really liked the video clip. I can now see an example and understand the concept.
We did this in physical chemistry class in university at the beginning of this semester and now finally i understand it fully. Our prof never explained it this clear, always had some parts of it which i didnt understand fully, so thank you. Also whats mildly interesting: in the solid phase at higher pressure there are different variations of solid matter, (if i translate it correctly from german) its called superionic ice. For example there is ice II, III, IV, V, XI and some others. Video about that would be great.
This explanation of that graph makes so much sense
I always look forward to how you're going to get "spacetime" into the ending monologue!
17 years ago, in a skyscraper near a river..
I was supposed to be working on the 33rd floor but I was exploring around whatever floors my keycard gave me access too. I soon found myself on the roof on an outdated observation deck. It was really cold, like -20°. I noticed that I was eye level with the fog coming off of the river and the surface was reacting like the surface of a body of water. There was fog waves. Man I miss those days.
I was going to share both NileRed's video and the Venus atmosphere fact, but you got both ahead of me. Glad I didn't comment as soon as I arrived. Great stuff
I remember researching this subject when I was a mmj chemist. I ended up developing brand new extraction tech. Loved making pressure containers with windows in them so I could see what was going on at different temps & pressure. Science can pay huge dividends
As soon as you said you were going to show us what it looks like, I just KNEW you'd use Nile's vid! Great to see two of my favorite creators come together
~ I attribute the properties of a supercritical fluid to convection, which affects only liquids & gases, along with additional interesting control conditions that can be explained by radiation in a vacuum.
~ Thermal conveyors = conduction (solids), convection (liquids/gases), radiation (vacuum).
~ A plasma condition is the intermediation between an inert gas & a vacuum borderline transformation, caused by radiation.
I *knew* Nile Red would come into this! Really amazing video.
Best explanation of supercritical fluids I've ever heard.
Great video, especially the awesome House reference. I miss that show. And I would totally buy the series dvd set just to see your cameo, Matt.
In the first 5 minutes, I said to myself, "this is like that NileRed video" and lo and behold, it shows up. It really is one of the best visual examples of substance going supercritical
Hey! That was me! Thank you so much for the super detailed response! You guys are the best!
Wonderful video, verging on kind of understandable/practical science!
Supercritical CO2 is also used for removing the possibility of cork taint in wine. If you treat the corks with it, the Tri-chloroanisol that causes cork taint gets dissolved and killed. Useful stuff
"Ok, thats enough blah blah pressure blah blah.."
That made me too happy.
It's a breather when Matt disucsses topics inside the relatively simer classical physics that's used in engineering. Helps the mind relax before we delve more into modern physics.
Matt knocked it out of the park again. Another flawless victory!
I've been super interested in the expanded phase diagram, and lots of places just don't cover it well.
That was ace - thank you Matt!
There's a company in the city I live called Vitalis. They manufacture and sell equipment that uses super-critical CO2 to extract essences out of plant matter. I think their primary clientele are those in the cannabis industry but I believe there are other applications.
I was just talking about sublimation of water ice on Mars, using dry ice here as an example, 2 days ago. Perfect video to share with them. They're fans of Nile Red too, so bonus!