Every Time Things Have Evolved Into Turtles
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- čas přidán 4. 06. 2024
- Throughout the history of life, convergent evolution has resulted in all sorts of creatures evolving to look very similar to one another. One of the most interesting examples is the case of the repeatedly evolving turtles - the Placodonts, the Saurosphargids, the Glyptodonts, and even the Ankylosaurs.
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0:00 - Introduction
1:03 - Turtle Evolution
9:10 - The Saurosphargids
15:30 - The Placodonts
21:41 - The Glyptodonts
23:59 - The Ankylosaurs
I've always been fascinated by turtles and sharks that supposedly live to be hundreds of years old. Imagine the animal just doing its thing, meanwhile all these massive historical events for humans are happening. Like the turtle was around during the American Revolution, still kicking it today.
No matter how much humans fight over resources, the turtles still just be turtling around.
Unfortunately, they won't. Because most of our resources get turned into trash and end up in the ocean, fucking up those turtles.@@Deathington.
@@Deathington.Until we further damage the ecosystem and kill them all off :(
Just shows you how young the United States is.
That could make for an interesting video; a video about animal species that live long lives.
Turtles, crabs, snakes, dolphins- archetypal shapes for specific lifestyles.
I think we'll find similar creatures filling similar roles on other worlds.
Or aliens that look like those creatures.
Fluid dymanics is true everywhere.
Without a doubt on planets like ours, imagine on other types of planets there's just some mind blowing stuff tho.
Turtles, Crabs, Snakes, Dolphins. Long ago the 4 body layouts lived in harmony, but everything changed when the snakes attacked.
only if we bring the creatures there to fill them.
Convergence in tetrapods especially really shouldnt be surprising, because the tetrapod toolkit is fairly limited. Four limbs... they can lose limbs, but dont gain new ones, the basic arrangement of organs is fairly set, and bilateral symmetry is standardized. The likelihood of a alien species convergently approaching the basic tetrapod toolkit and then also convergently evolving these Earth forms seems incredibly unlikely to me. Even after a billion years, non-tetrapods havnt convergently evolved the tetrapod toolkit even with the same exact environmental pressures. 🤷
Eventually the turtle will evolve into crabs
Underrated comment
Crabs most OP
Crab is the final form
Turtles are just crabs with less legs.
The fact I watched this and said "oh wow so like armadillos" immediately before he mentioned armadillos and then said "ooo like ankylosaurus" immediately before he mentioned ankylosaurs made me unreasonably proud of myself for 1:15 in the morning
I’ve been reading a book on Ancient Reptiles and it’s fascinating how diverse the entirety of Sauropterygia was and in particular it feels like Placodonts and Saurosphargids were made to mess with how we put together turtle evolution 😂
Title?
What book is it?
@@DawnFire05 Smithsonian Books Ancient Sea Reptiles, by Darren Naish. I got it for the beautiful illustrations but it’s so knowledgeable. I’ve wanted to start reading more and I realized “wait I already read paleontology papers I should just get books on it”
Also published in 2022 so very timely except some new discoveries that don’t really change much save the fact that saurosphargids are apart of sayropterygia as stated in this video
@@Funkiotologistwhat was wrong with Curtis wanting to know the title of the book?
So basically all life wants to evolve into two forms: turtles and crabs. Not coincidentally, both are slow-moving and heavily-armored creatures that mostly (but not exclusively) live in or near water.
It just occurred to me that this process of things evolving into turtles could be happening right now. Look at marine iguanas compared to their land-lubbing cousins: a wider, flatter body is pretty evident even though the species is less than 5 million years old. Who knows what they'll look like in 50 million years, if they still exist.
Animals losing their limbs and turning to snakes have been more common. The worm body plan is much more prolific than either crabs or turtles.
The shark body plan is super popular, too.
@@RTaco ?? Only among sharks.
@@JohnDrummondPhoto Ichthyosaurs and cetaceans, too.
@@RTaco good point.
ankylosaurs:
"am I not turtle-y enough for the turtle club?
turtle - turtle! *turtle noises*"
OMG, I love you so much for making this reference 😂❤
@@zerjiozerjioi don't get it pls explain 😢😭
@@GuLuBaits from a movie called Master of Disguise
Wow I would've never guessed the bottom of the shell was the first to form. Turtles are so fascinating 🐢
dawkins has a nice long passage on turtle evolution in "the greatest show on earth" his book on evidence for evolution, describing this very peculiarity.
I enjoyed learning about how I was supposed to believe tortoises are turtles, because I'm American. Unfortunately I missed that lesson.
A strong foundation is required for any solid structure, whether it is something man made or something that is a product of nature. How could the top of the shell develop first if there was nothing below to support it?
actually for me bottom shell being first has more logic in it but I think I will never get how the entire skeleton grown out . after long years of study paleontology and sedimentology I didn't even come close to understanding this type of evolution. I still think its totally impossible without a written genetic program.
@@Grama04 you’re not an evolutionary biologist. Your qualifications in other fields don’t make you any more adept at understanding evolution, the same way my qualifications with databases doesn’t make me an expert in spreadsheets, merely an amateur with an interest in them. Don’t Dunning-Kruger yourself into being incurious or writing off a natural phenomenon as false.
Turtles and crabs. Obviously tank builds are the way to go.
Sheer HP/Damage Tank builds
What about the crocodile?
@@rageboibruh Stretched out turtle.
I really like the short explanation of convergent evolution I first heard from Casual Geographic - "convergent evolution is like two people getting the same answer on the same test". It very well illustrates that under similar evolutionary pressures it makes sense for unrelated organisms to develop similar adaptations.
And the two people can be thousands of miles apart.
@maryeckel9682 and millions of years apart
Convergent evolution according to this meaning is simple learning. Two people getting the same answer learned the same thing to be tested on. Therefore they are supposed to get the same answer. Thousands of miles apart. Centuries from each other. Geez. Can you make it more difficult please.
It assumes however that they got the same answers purely by luck
@@philipbaity7083 they got many answers by random chance, but only the correct ones survived.
The plastron emerging first makes a lot of sense to me- as typically many animals focus their defense on/over their underbelly, since the vital organs are arranged closer to the abdomen than the back. Such as Primordial pouch in cats. The Carapace forming afterwards seems very logical
Especially if they were living in the water but breathing air, meaning they would often swim near the top and possibly be attacked from below (I am picturing the way sharks come up to attack their prey) so having a harder belly would be more important than a harder back....if they were being dive bombed by birds perhaps it would be different.
Humans have this too in the form of fat deposits around our stomach, though only some humans primarily store fat there. The downside of this is that it also puts you at a higher risk of developing Diabetes Type 2, so in the modern world this kinda sucks actually.
Reject Crab! Embrace turtle!
I would love more convergent evolution videos. It's one of my favorite phenomenons in paleontology!
same!!
Me too.
Agreed!!
Same! Its my favorite topic!
x6 :)
My instincts tell me that this "turtle" body form is a consequence of surviving in shallow seas, and when I say shallow, think less than a few feet deep. This broadened body plan could have you navigate these areas without breaking the surface, be able to pin yourself to the bottom as a defensive tactic and as a consequence the broadening of the body plan would probably also have the bones naturally widen to continue the flattened body plan and eventually fusing.
Plus if something does see you and/or step on you the shell provides protection.
@@DKShoneys-dc2dp Oh i have no doubt....just like fish that are vertically flattened....creating one dimension of your anatomy to be as large as possible makes it harder for you to be swallowed and thin makes you harder to notice
“I can’t wait to see what turns into a turtle next” *slowly transforms into master oogway*
“There are no accidents.”
Turtles and crabs are peak design.
Dude, you have an uncanny gift for synthesizing vast amounts of information, and in turn interpreting and communicating the results clearly. Thanks so much for sharing your research with us!!
This is my first time seeing him and I couldn't agree more! I subscribed :)
Imagine if more humans were as intelligent, educated, and protective of nature as he is. Most humans are selfish, stupid, ignorant, uncaring about nature, materialistic, obnoxious, and polluting.
@@IsayahH-xm7qlEvolve
Nah he lost me at suggesting organisms copied the first one to get good at surviving in a particular niche, like it was like cheating in an exam or rebuilding your battle bot.
You mean he's organized? Great skill, lol. He's going in chronological order making it simple to stay on topic and tell the story from beginning to end. Again, great skill. Lol.
Turtles, crabs, and beetles are apparently gawd''s favorite children.
Probably mostly just that they are all significantly armored; armored creatures are naturally gonna be resistant to predation. Armor functions without any effort, unlike evasive and offensive methods of defense that require keen perception and skill to be effective.
God apparantly has a thing for small little armored dudes considering how many trilobites there were as well. Humans seem like more of an afterthought.
No... So called black people are
I feel personally attacked that you assume I don’t know the difference between a turtle and a tortoise.
The arrogance lol
Turtle: tortoise that lives mostly in water
Tortoise: turtle that lives ONLY on land
He said he’d keep it simple and use American terms, they love to yap on about why things aren’t made to suit them, metric vs imperial, mph vs kph etc
I was thinking the same thing.
@@TayWoode we know what he said, I’m telling you that Americans absolutely differentiate between Turtles/Tortoises/etc so he’s wrong
Crabs have a mortal enemy now
Who else heard “Helveticasaurus” and immediately wondered what Times New Saurus looked like?
Since would be Latin probably would tempusneosaurus
I can't believe I understood this joke. Oh my God.
Comicsansaurus. Fuck I'm going to go get my degree now just to do this
@@megalofirst1 PLEASE 😂😂 Papyrusaurus Rex has also been on my mind since i wrote this
I would absolutely like to see you cover other examples in this level of detail. Keep up the great work.
Thank you! I'll definitely be doing some more videos like this :)
@@BenGThomas Yes would also love to see a part 2 on later turtle evolution.
@@BenGThomas yes me too i would very much like to see more videos like this!
Okay you Turtle, but do you Crab?
It would be fun to see a video of this kind on worms, snakes, eels, weasels, and all the elongated critters built for digging and/or swimming.
We actually distinguish tortoises, turtles, and terrapins in the U.S. too. Although admittedly the latter is only referred to when we are speaking of a particular species. Maybe our scientists don't make these distinctions - but the ordinary person does. Really enjoy all your shows! You can't trust all CZcams videos on such subjects - but you bring all the current studies - including the ones that challenge each other. In other words, you don't just state "facts" (which may either be out of date or still under discussion) as so many "scientific" YT channels do - so I know I can trust you for the current information. Excellent work. Thank you. Enjoying your new backgrounds too.
Seconded. I haven't heard of terrapins before, but tortoises and turtles are different and not used interchangeably.
I have a pet tortoise and pretty much anytime someone sees him they call him a turtle. At least in my experience, people call anything that looks similar to that a turtle
turtle is the catchall phrase but when we need to actually specify we'll say tortoise or turtle or terrapin, at least in my area. for other places it might change as america is so large things tend to change from place to place.
@@offbeat4772 Not my experience where i live, though we dont really have turtles here but have tortoises.
One of my favorite convergence in evolution is lungs. I know it's not a true lung, but the fact betta fish and other fish species can breath air is so incredible to me. And how it's just an adaptation for the poor oxygen levels in the betta fish's natural environment. Or other fish being able to do it to move from one body of water to another. Absolutely incredible.
Completely wrong there.
Evolution is a lie, used by people, because they don't want to believe in God.
I want you to know believing such a lie will not work.
A similar example is blood which I think evolved at least thrice.
I have a hard time wrapping my head around genetic changes happening over millions of years. Like I’m expecting this to be like a day and night difference right away.
If it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck... unless, of course, it's a turtle or a crab. Everything crabs.
Let's be honest, we all strive to be the ultimate lifeform; the turt
Move aside *Crabs* ! Turtles are the New hit show now!
You ever think about how it's weird that turtles and frogs both have spilt into a water version and land version turtles being tortoises and frogs being toads
Seems to me like bearded dragons are on the path towards becoming turtle-like, though they've still got a long ways to go.
that was super interesting!
I'd love to see more about cases of convergent evolution for sure.
Maybe "everytime things evolved into dolphins" (the bodyplan shows up a lot), everytime things evolved to have horns on their face, everytime things evolved into dogs (andrewsarchus looked a lot like a kind of canine but wasn't one; hyenas are not canines despite appearances; hyaenodon is also very dog-like in apperance despite not being a canine; and then there are thylacines ofc ... and those are just the ones i can come up with right now).
Convergent evolution is so fascinating
Andrewsarchus wasn't at all dog/wolf-like like it is still time to time portrayed.
It was a very close relative to the Entelodonts, aka the Killer Pig or Hell Pigs, who themselves, despite their name, were close relatives to Hippos and Cetacean (Whales and Dolphins) than Pigs.
Andrewsarchus was firstly thought to be member of a group of hoofed dog-like animals, them once thought to be related to Cetacean, the Mesonyxian.
Which was still believed by some people to be the case at the early 2000's, and hence why Andrewsarchus is depicted as a Mesonyxian, and as such as dog/wolf-like, in the BBC documentary "Walking With Beasts" in episode 2 "Whale Killer".
An great obsolete image that still somewhat persist despite the new recent discoveries.
‘Trees’ is one example. Any homoplasy polyphyletic group will do.
Also Dogs ‘copied’ andrewsarchus since andrew came first. The canines are the imposters 🤪
Technically plants dont have true ovaries since their ‘ovaries’ evolved completely independantly of ours. Alot of biology revolves around polyphyly.
“True” is such an inaccurate word though. Who are we to say which taxon is the most authentic of the body plan?
@@dudotolivier6363 if dogs grew to the size of rhinos they would look like carnivorous hippos too.
@@lorencalfe6446 - "Dire Hippos"?
Convergent evolution and parallel evolution have always been fascinating to me. I would love to see more videos like this one.
Convergent evolution is always so fascinating... and when discssed on a channel this entertaining and informative it makes for a great experience. Thanks for all the wonderful content
Am I not turtley enough for the turtle club? Turtle, turtle, turtle!
1:45 we Americans use the 3 terms: Turtle, Tortoise, and Terrapin.
Terrapin is kind of rarely used, though. Only when being technical, as terrapins are often called turtles for ease (but never tortoises).
Turtle it's use for terrain turtle? And tortoise for water turtle?
@@erilove593 the opposite
@@tosehoed123😂😂😂
Conceptually, couldn't several beetle species be considered turtle like? With pre-retracted heads, hard shells on top and bottom, short thick legs, I think they might fit.
Cassidinae also known as tortoise beetles.
@@brianedwards7142 mf you just blew my mind
Those are also invertebrates though
@@bleepbloopskrrr I am aware. Please elaborate.
no they're beetles
Evolution and I: I like turtles.
This channel is pure gold. Congratulations for the incredible research and keep up the amazing work. Thank you for inspiring me to keep on studying. You have earned a subscriber!
Imagine if you're swimming in a river and your leg is being hit over and over by a little tiny aquatic Ankylosaurus😂
First I couldn’t trust crabs, and now I can’t trust turtles? What’s next?
I often forget that all species (including us) aren’t done evolving, wondering what future animals will look like
Having seen and handled a local small turtle here where I live for a very short time (I released it, did not want to cause it stress) I was fascinated by their structure. They are amazingly tough and strong even the small ones
Especially the small ones 😉 🐢
If the crab theory is carcinization, what's the turtle theory?
Testunization
The Turtling.
@@VVabsa i second this one
@@VVabsathis is gold
That sounds painful. =P@@HypochondriacStudios
Super interesting! I didn't actually know anything else evolved into a cheloniform body plan except the little Ankylosaur and the Armadillos!
"Every Time Things Have Evolved Into Noodles/Worms/Snakes" would be super interesting, but also probably take a year to make and be 3 hours long lol
Waiting for him to say I like turtles...
lol 😂
This is my first video of yours and I instantly subscribed!! Wonderful content and I love your stuffed turtle 😁
the convergence of sociality/eusociality in different groups would be cool, like how ants, bees, termites and naked mole rats have each evolved complex social societies
Ants, bees and termites are all descended from the same eusocial ancestor. Naked mole rats are the only other example of eusociality.
I absolutely want to know more about turtles. They're so weird that they're amazing.
And yes, I want to see other examples of convergent evolution. The Foosa looking like cats immediately came to mind.
Search up the marsupial lion
And lots of spiky, warm-blooded animals. 😂Hedgehogs, porcupines, echidnas, tenrec. Plus lots of other spiky animals.
@@passingby3584 I went down that rabbit hole a while ago. It was fascinating. Thylacoleo. Very cool.
@@teresaellis7062 those are cool all on their own, very interesting group.
Fossa are close cousins to cats, so that might not be convergent evolution. Now, the quolls are definitely an example of convergent evolution - they're small carnivorous marsupials that have often been called "marsupial cats" or "native cats".
It's the only way we as multi celled organisms can avoid rent as we evolve. We got built in mobile homes.
"when an animal becomes good at doing a certain thing, it often becomes copied by other lineages that end up doing that same thing. It's called convergent evolution."
That's funny, I thought it was called plagiarism.
I like turtles
It’s not quite the same, but convergent technologies that were independently discovered by people around the world have always interested me. Like the bow and arrow, people all over the place figured out that one.
Or like swords. Europe and Japan developed different styles of swords of course, with European swords being more narrow tipped for stabbing through the gaps on thick plate armor, whereas Japanese swords were made more for cutting through thick wooden or light sectioned armor.
Also because of the iron ore quality in Japan, they had to construct their swords a very certain way (by melting black sand in a furnace, and folding this several times over, after which they add a layer of carbon treated steel on top of it).
But despite all of this, both styles utilize similar cutting techniques, parrying and fighting styles. There are differences but there are also alot of similarities.
The bow probably isn't convergent but is likely a very ancient development.
@@hedgehog3180 ancient doesn’t mean it was developed by one group. Multiple different groups discovered fire and simple tools without contacting each other.
So is turtle the new ultimate life form
Absolutely you should do a post triassic turt evolution video!
Very clever idea for a video. And in a way, beetles are in the mix if you stand back far enough and think about it.
Just FYI, we do, in fact, distinguish between turtles and tortoises here in America. That said, we just consider terrapins to be a type of turtle.
Crabs : finally a worthy opponent, our battle shall be legendary!
great video, very informative. i had no idea turtles were so interesting, and the host was very engaging.
Turtles! I am excited for the not quite but totally almost turtles.
I am very supportive of more material on turtles. To meet sea turtles, especially to see them hatch, is to find them deeply compelling. I even helped to get two females back into the water safely. One was dragging herself back into the water over horribly sharp coral, and headed straight for a rock coral wall!
The things we animals will do to propagate our species.
Puts a new spin on "Turtles all the way down"
so in the end all of us are 1 evolution away from being a turtle
Its turtles all the way down
Thank you for this absolutely interesting, high quality episode! I enjoy all episodes, but this one sits defenetly in my favorite top 10 list! And YES please, I would love more episodes about convergent evolution!
Thank you I'm glad you enjoyed it so much! I'll definitely do more :)
"I cant wait to see what turns into a turtle next" made me question many things.
Nice video, very enjoyment.
If I had to choose an ancient marine reptile to be brought back magically It would've been Archelon, watching Leatherbacks blows my mind on how much bigger an Archelon was. Great video as always.
I would go for ichthyosaurus
@@kR-qj7rw Nice choice 🤘, I have a favorite Icthyosaur called Thalattoarchon.
Co-worker: "Hey buddy, hope you had a good night off work. Get up to anything crazy?!?"
Me, tomorrow morning, lying my face off: "Ya, totally"
The convergent phenomenon makes sense. Once there is a niche sorted out where heavier bones are an advantage, which could be ballast or could be protection from below giving value to a plastrum, they will be slower and the logic of survival pushes them towards a full-on armor tank. If you were designing combat vehicles, fast movers can have a thousand different shapes depending on expected terrain so long as you keep it light, but equipment which starts out heavy has one sensible way to go: shield it until it becomes its own garage.
Nature: Turtle Shape Good, let's evolve more
Humans: "Hey I just invented this new thing to help drink drinks more easily"
In the infamous words of a great sage...
"I like turtles"
I am totally new to your channel but I really liked this video. Well-researched, not obscuring the details ir oversimplifying the complexities.
All presented in a really captivating way. I'd definitely enjoy more videos of this sort in the future.
As it is, this was an easy sub and a thumbs up from me. Great video!
Also also, extra points for not omitting armadillos/glyptodonts. ❤👍
Just FYI, we call them turtles, terrafins and tortoises too. 😂
Or we simplify it by calling them box turtles, tortoises, sea turtles and river turtles to distinguish between the land based and aquatic. It makes it easier to know if they need water using this method. That's why you hear it said that way more often. It's for educational purposes for people who don't really care about turtles.
If you haven’t made a video about it yet; I remember reading about how everything turns into crabs too😂 maybe crabs and turtles are that evolutionary awesome
Nvm just got to the end of the video lol
Most recently, battlefield tanks have evolved turtle shells as well, suggesting a Triassic evolutionary pressure of FPV Dronesaur.
Hey Ben! I’d love for you to make this a series. I came up with some content ideas I would love to see you cover:
1. Mimicry/convergent evolution in insects (example: the fossilized Oregramma illecebrosa vs modern owl butterfly
2. Convergent evolution in mammalian apex predators (Canidae, Thylacinidae, Feliformia/Hyaenidae)
3. Thylacosmilidae vs Felidae/Sabert-toothed cats
4. Evolution of carnivorism in plants, convergent evolution amongst pitcher plants (Nepenthaceae, Sarraceniaceae and Cephalotaceae)
5. Evolution of olfactory glomeruli (such as in neopteran insects and some molluscs but not all outgroups to these groups)
6. Electrogenisis in fish
7. Echolocation in bats and toothed whales
8. The multiple times syncytin genes have developed from endogenous retroviral elements on multiple occasions and independently in diverse mammalian species.
9. Old world and new world vultures
10. Evolution of venom in snakes, arthropods, platypus, etc.
11. Toxicity in animals derived from toxins in food source (such as poisonous feathers in birds such as the pitohui, ifrita bird, hoopoe, spur-winged goose, red warbler, etc).
12. Lobsters and scorpions
13. Symbiotic relationships between flowers/plants and insects/birds/other species.
Sorry if there are any spelling mistakes, I typed this on the down-low as I’m supposed to be paying attention to a work meeting right now. 😅 Cheers, mate! Love your channel.
The fact that convergent evolution is described as "copying" is concerning to say the least.
I really enjoy the stupidly distant examples of convergence. Like octopus and human eyes being remarkably similar.
It's turtles all the way down, young man.
Great video! I'd definitely love to see more on turtle evolution. One evolutionary question I've had is why are there no Testunididaes in Australia (there are some in Sulawasi that are across the Wallace Line)
I presume that turtles evolved in an area far away from Australia at a time when that continent had separated far away from the rest of the former Pangea. At this point there's no way for terrestrial turtles to migrate to Australia. But, are there at least sea turtles nesting on Australian shores today?
@@JohnDrummondPhoto
Plenty of sea turtles in Australia.
Testinididaes are the terrestrial tortoises. I used the order name because freshwater turtles are typically called tortoises in Australia. My question is pertaining to the terrestrial Chelonians.
yes, but how often have turtles evolved into ninjas?
It may appear that the repetitive vertebrate turtle form is analogous to how so many arthropods have evolved into crab forms.
This is a certified 🐢 classic
It was sort of touched on with the phytosaur image near the beginning, but animals evolving the crocodile body plan/lifestyle would make for a cool video. I think the croc body plan evolved three or four times before actual crocodilians, including in what I think was the largest ever amphibian, Prionosuchus. Also, "saber teeth" have evolved so many times it's actually weird that there isn't some sort of saber toothed carnivore running around somewhere on Earth right now.
Seconded!
There are plenty of animals with "saber" teeth. Musk deer, elephants, walruses, baboons, etc....
@@fantasystaplesuwu1554 I think they meant predatory saber-tetth, but I was referring to the crocobods.
@@CG-xb1kh
Jaguars are evolving into saber tooths.
Warthogs?????
Nice jump shotting. Really makes the video very appealing. Thanks.
Please do a convergence series! This is awesome!!!
I'm so grateful you spoke about the Glyptodonts. I'd heard a bit about them, and they captivated my imagination... But I'd never been able to properly visualize them.
I think you also have to look at plesiomorphic characteristics that predispose certain lineages to evolve a certain way. They’re not just evolving convergently in response to environmental pressures, they’re being funneled by their shared ancestral features. Like the animal you showed in your thumbnail is actually a stem-turtle that independently evolved derived turtle characters like a shell and oar-like flippers, probably because they had a bauplan that predisposed oar-like swimming styles and this then allows evolution of a shell since the thorax doesn’t need to undulate. Likewise other members of this stem turtle group like the pliosaurs shared this oared swimming style. And you can also mention how archosaurs repeatedly evolved bipedal predatory forms- unlike synapsids- and this is probably down to how the archosaur/reptile bauplan involved the tail in musculature used for the hind limbs, which synapsids didn’t so they remained mostly quadrupedal and often lost their tails. So “convergence” is only half the story.
@@Nelumbo_lutea Many quadrupedal synapsids lost their tails. This essentially didn't happen with reptiles, except maybe flying birds, and even they kept a functional pygostyle. That's the point.
What a pleasure listening to clear well spoken English.
A very informative and well narrated
Documentary.
This is a wonderful video. We have a pet tortoise, (a large male redfoot) who roams the house in diapers because he outgrew enclosures. We've had him for 12 years and love him - we've long had discussions about how different he is from other animals we've had in structure, being a turtle and all. This video answered a lot of questions we'd had for many years - thank you!!
Turtles are just a few steps before everything turns into crabs...
With gills…crabs. Lungs….turtles
I'd love to see more videos on convergence. I'd really like to see one on plants if that's something you'd be interested in. Ideas include trees/fruiting and animal pollination/ insectivory. I'd also love to see convergence in bivalves and molluscs.
Good content, well presented. Just found your channel and I dig it. I've got one for you: Every time something has evolved into a woodpecker. It might sound boring at first, until you consider that Madagascar's Aye aye has definitely evolved into a woodpecker.
"I did warn you that turtle evolution was a path to madness" 9:40
It probably could interesting to see just how many lineages evolved the feline body plan.
I mean I guess we could say the gorgonipsids did it first
0:24 You may call it what you like. It is a stark lack of imagination from these living organisms.
Great channel you got here, by the way. Interesting, always fresh and intelligent.
Cheers.
You speak fast and communicate information so well, yet I lack any attention span so even watching this at 1.5 speed my brain refuses to focus 😂
I was reading your comment and forgot I was watching.
Turtles and crabs, 2 bodyplans that have the most instances of convergent evolution.
I noticed you kept calling them "tail clubs". I thought those anatomical features were called "thagomizers". Does that term only apply specifically to the tail club of a stegosaurus, or could it be used more generally for any of these spiked tail clubs?
Specifically for stegosaurian dinosaurs. Funnily enough it comes from "The Far side" comic by Gary Larson.
A caveman is teaching about the tail of a stegosaurus. " Now this end is called thagomizer....after the late Thagg Simmons."
Pretty wild.
@JustMe-tc8qd Yes, I used to have that Far Side comic taped to the wall over my desk! Thanks for the clarification.