How a single-celled organism almost wiped out life on Earth - Anusuya Willis
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- čas přidán 29. 06. 2024
- Discover how a single-celled organism caused the first mass extinction in Earth’s history and paved the way for complex life.
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There’s an organism that changed the world. It caused the first mass extinction in Earth’s history … and also paved the way for complex life. How? Anusuya Willis explains how cyanobacteria, simple organisms that don’t even have nuclei or any other organelles, wrote a pivotal chapter in the story of life on Earth.
Lesson by Anusuya Willis, animation by Augenblick Studios.
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View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/how-a-singl...
All Hail Cyanobacteria, Mother of Plants, Breaker of CO2, Creator of Oxygen, Destroyer of Species, Bringer of Winter.
That's so poetic & cool
Herold of winter*
@@kolliwanne964 I guess you meant *herald
Hahahaha
Primordial Plants,CO2 Consumer, Oxygen Overlord,Species Severer,
Hailer of Winter.
Sounds like a super-villain plot: "Cause a mass-extinction to pave way to a new, improved, complex life form"
More specifically, one conceived by Dr. Mengele.
Villainous Toast
Except this time it actually worked
+
Villainous Toast the next step of evolution
Maybe this is the only way for solving problems faced by human today.
Bacteria caused near extinction to rebuild the world from scratch: Thanos approves
And life flourished for millions of years after that.
@@maulikparekh776 Covid 19 is here
Actually this is one of the things Thanos wanted to prevent.
So does the fire nation.
@@kishand8584Ozai and Thanos = Best buddies forever
Anybody else getting this in their recommended just now?
Yeap. The organism the video refers to must be COVID-19 yeah?
Yep
How topical
TimeWarp I’ve had loads of these so I decided to just watch this one.
@@robinturner7055 No, the video's talking about cyanobacteria. CZcams just seems to be recommending disease and pathogen related videos left and right.
"...Tired of living at the bottom of the ocean?
_Now you can eat _*_sunlight_*
Using revolutionary technique of photosynthesis, you can convert sunlight into food .
*_taste_*_ the *Sun*!_
Side effect: now there is oxygen everywhere and the sky is blue. Now the Earth may be a snowball for a while, maybe even for a couple of times..."
Hey that's cool, but uh can we go on land?
*NO*
Why?
*THE SUN IS A DEADLY LAZER*
...Oh okay.
Its a sponge, its a plant, its a worm, its some other types of weird strange water bugs and strange fish
*ITS THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION*
(thats animals and stuff)
But we're still in the water. Hey can we go on land?
*N O*
Why?
*_the sun is a deadly lazer_*
Oh ok
*NOT ANYMORE, THERE'S A BLANKET*
(lowkey best commercial for the bacteria)
i would like 50 of those please.
That's weird 😂 sounds automatically added when i read these comments.
@Aiden Pearce
NO DON'T!
the way you animated bacteria was so cute they look like squishy little balls of happiness and energy
but then again you kind of made Cyanobacteria sound like nazi's
versace 666
they are bacteria Nazis
versace 666 they nuked he earth with oxygen actually people with lung disorders consider this a blessing xD
*the
versace 666 except they aren't they have no feeling only the will to survive and reproduce and evolve
Humans: we are the most dangerous species on earth
Cyanobacteria: lol, hold my chlorophyll.
Bacteriaphage: am i a joke to you?
lol humans are till more dangerous at list cynanobacteria develop a new from of adaptation used in plants
@@e65666 what makes you think we can't? Just hold up a couple of million years
@@blue9139 I got the joke, but cyanobacteria didn't have chorophyll. Some aerobic organism absorbed them to make food. These organism later became plants, and cyanobacteria became chorophyll.
@DerangedGod lol that would be interesting🤣🤣🤣.
Almost all environments:
sloth fur
Well yeah moss also grows on sloth fur
Yeah sloth fur has all kinds of life on it
Moths live on sloth fur
life is boring on earth
cyanobacteria : hold my beer
Hold my oxygen*
Mass extinction
Long ice age
XD LMAO
hold my photons
One thing that is more fascinating than the content of this video is how human could deduce and acquire all of these knowledge by living in such a fraction of time comparing to the history of the Earth.
Sean Xiang and even with all the made up “knowledge” we have acquired we are simultaneously destroying our environment and ourselves! ... seems like we are acting as a host to ensure the lives of parasites that hide within our bodies...
Anaeronic microbes: life without oxygen is fun, we got food from swallowing molecules
Cyanobacteria: HI GUYS!
Cyanobacteria: *Proceeds to create a mass extinction event*
Anaeorbic microbes: NO WHAT HAVE YOU DONE? YOU PRESSED THE WRONG ####### BUTTON!
NOOOOOOOOOOO! *_dies_*
Cyanobacteria: Huh? Guys?... Im so lonely... *_proceeds to evolve into new bacteria_*
@@memelover6917 more like covid 19
@@jaishambosainath4469 no
i just...
why did i made this comment
NOW YOU CAN EAT SUNLIGHT.
Using a revolutionary technique you can turn sunlight into food.
TASTE. THE. SUN.
Side effect: now there’s oxygen everywhere and the sky is blue. Also the earth may have been a snowball for a while, maybe a couple of times
I can hear this
Side effect: the oceans are red
We can make a religion out of this
@@cynthiarosales9692 no don-
That's when Biology, Geology, Chemistry, Physics, and History come together! They'll make LIFE!
How come Physics?
How come history
How come all the replies to this comment have been made in the past week?
@@sporadicdrive5884 after I replied it, it came above as you were scrolling down the comments, or you can say like-trending.
@@udaytodi5422 I was just trying to crack a joke
The concept of polluting the atmosphere with oxygen is hilarious to me
Yes, to them it is pollution, likewise, if anaerobic organisms could think like we can, they’d find the concept of polluting with carbon dioxide hilarious too
I 'm rather fond of oxygen and BREATHING.
@@halweilbrenner9926 I don’t remember either of us saying we weren’t fond of it
Have you ever watched a sifi movie, and some alien planet has a corrosive atmosphere? That's actually our atmosphere.
Oxygen is a corrosive gas. Probably the most reactive gas known to man, so it doesn't really occur naturally in its elemental state, in the universe.
We're just weird in that we adapted to surviving in a corrosive atmosphere.
If aliens ever visit, most likely, they're not gonna be adapted to surviving in a corrosive atmosphere. They're gonna have to wear protective suits.
Imagine discovering an alien planet, with an oxygen free atmosphere (which is actually normal), with life on it. Then you add an extremely corrosive gas to their atmosphere...I'm guessing they would call it pollution.
If you add a lot more oxygen to our atmosphere, it would kill us too. It would eat away at us, especially our DNA.
Oceans, freshwater, soil, Antarctic rocks, *SLOTH FUR*
They still pump oxygen into the atmosphere, and they also pull nitrogen out to fertilize the plants they helped create, we wouldnt recognize life on earth without them, but also thanks to them, we almost didnt have life on earth at all.
These 5 more environments, including the "They still pump oxygen into the atmosphere" environment, are very desolate places, yes.
Thats me
This is incredible, how even a little form of life such as this can influence the whole planet
Next do: How humans almost wiped out all life on earth.
Except that we didn't.
Horny Fruit Flies Except we did.
Come on u know our purpose in life is to destroy life
Next do: The AI wiped out all humans on earth.
They can't beacause we are still doing it
3:42 "Slothfur" :D So random ^^
yes xD
lel
so wait. Sloths produce energy by just laying in the sun???
crasherball Ofc not xD The Cyanobacteria dont give their generated energy to the sloth :D
EUW Server when why would their furs photosynthesis??
*3.5 - 2.5 billion years ago:*
*Great Oxygenation Event*
*Now:*
*Great Carbondioxideation Event*
True 😞
That's a good name for the 6th mass extinction.
UNO Reverse Carde
can we nominate this to be the name of the 6th mass extinction ??
@Aiden Pearce r/woooosh
It's amazing to see how the connotation of something change from bad to good. Today, the oxygen is seen as an essence of life but was once a pollutant and the destroyer of all life on Earth!
From the perspective of mircrobials, it's still bad.
Oxygen is a very corrosive gas.
Basically, our whole atmosphere is now corrosive. When Aliens visit, they'll need protective suits, to survive in our weird corrosive atmosphere.
Amazing. Learned so many new things in this video.
yep me too
me too
Cade Peterson look up endosymbiosis. It goes more into depth as to how they first mitochondria and first photosynthesizing organelle that I can't remember the name of right now.
Cade Peterson nvm
Cade Peterson
thats the benifits of travel in time
you can see something happened along time ago even millions of years .
and people laugh at me when I said oxygen comes from bacteria
nah I never said that
They were probably laughing at you for unrelated reasons then
2:40 The way she says “Glaciation” is so satisfying to me for some reason. It sounds so... fancy!
Coronavirus: I will finish what you started. My Master,
COVID-19 will make the atmosphere 100% oxygen?
Pls stop
only one Mr X Only one Mr y 😂
Corona doesn't have capabilities to finish it even if we don't take any preventive care but of course it will cause big damage
Came here for this comment
Yo this is way better than that paper folding shit
Duh, the paper folding is a mini series
Ur everywhere.
I already told you, I will not drink you!
right the one place where people aren't yelling or calling another person ignorant or racist names just actual genuine educational conversation I'm glad I found this side of youtube
Can I drink you? I want to die.
*The entire Earth is a frozen wasteland.*
"Eventually, life adjusted."
*Suddenly it's warm again.*
See, all you have to do is make peace with your problems and they will go away!
Motivational
*Noice*
After a few hundred million years*
Now this is on my recommendation when CORONAVIRUS is literally taking over
It literally has nothing to do with corona.
@@oluan8734 let him be no one gets his comment too 😂😂
Wtf now they are telling us to not worry as long as there are cyanobacteria we have a chance to exist again.😔
I no right, found this by looking vidoes to keep sane (currently on self isolation in the UK) why youtube why
Yh but Corona won't be able to wipe up the earth
Single celled Organism: I will shred this universe down to its last atom
Some million years later: nvm
several billion years later: *watches Avengers Endgame* "Hey, That guy copied me!"
Oxygen-based air pollution? Never thought I'd hear that.
This confirms it, David Bowie was the end of evolution
A pinnacle organism that could not be improved.
@@joshuaglover6707 r/wooooooosh
Yes because he is the man who sold the world
@@rosanaugust3986 please tell me any more subreddits you dont know how to use so that I can help you
Rosan August Please learn what a subreddit means before using it.
It's amazing how an organism so simple, could create such impactful effects
Cynobacteria: I almost wiped out life on earth.
Human:"almost"
"Some bacteria absorbed cyanobacteria into itself"
Bacteria:You are under arrest for crime you have done against my anercestors.
Lol
STOP!
You are violating the law!
I'm obsessed with TED-Ed videos!!! They capture my attention and I always end up finishing the video with curiosity, wanting to learn more!
Earth: grows some life
Cyanobacteria: i'm about to end this planet's whole ecosystem
and start it again from scratch
Thank you TED-Ed, almost every video you provided can make me learn more knowledge, and knowledge is priceless!
Her voice sounds nerdy/geeky/feminine, and I find it attractive.
+Table Salt *TRIGGERED*
zeryphex Ok then. I won't judge. Just You do you man, you do you
zeryphex adorable.
I fell outta bed reading your comment "raping this innocent woman"... I CAN'T ANYMORE LOL
3:55
"We almost didn't have life on Earth at all".
This transgression calls for a heated debate on whether bacteria is living or not.
There is no debate around that. Bacteria are considered living organisms. The debate is more around viruses.
There's not even a real debate about that. Virusses are also living. At the very least, they are biologically living organisms.
Edit: Nevermind, apparently people can't decide if a biologically living organism counts as something which is alive.
+YoudonGettit
Oh, yeah, you're right. The quote made me think it was bacteria; forgot about viruses.
Viresses can only reproduce inside living cells.
Like the rest said, the debate is on viruses, wich are kinda of in limbo of living-notliving
I like David Bowie being used as an example of a complex life-form.
Me too!! 😃 I never thought to thank the great oxygenation event for David Bowie!
IMAGINE BEING MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISM
-THIS POST WAS MADE BY CYANOBACTERIA
Why do people come to a science video and deny facts and science?
Danny Corral Theories.. Not FACTS!
Hey but, you fail to realize something, Mellow: When a theory in the field of science is made, you can't just say "oh this happened." No, when a theory is made, we find proof of it, it becomes wildly accepted as the best answer, THEN it is classified as a theory.
The Amusingly Bored Stalker If you are talking about 3.5 billion years ago, it is just a theory!!
Headstone Except there are multiple proven dating processes and things involving current day processes such as cyanobacteria existing, photosynthesis, that lay the base for and support these theories. More than hearsay, less than Newtonian law, but still quite founded.
Danny Corral, because they don't have any life to live for
2:45 "Eventually, life adjusted." Can someone elaborate?
I think it's what she said right after, due to the formation of aerobic organisms. So therefore there was less oxygen and more C02, allowing Earth to slowly warm up again?
Basically, most organisms died leaving only the most resistant organisms left. These surviving organisms were extremely low in numbers so they reproduced slowly. They were able to reproduce because their genes enabled them to be resistant to the change in climate.
Its just natural selection. Those with the best genes survived and passed on their DNA.
ShyanTheLegend So could there be bacteria living on ice covered planets right now?
x BublizZ potentially but its more likely that they are living in the oceans under the ice which covers the surface rather than inside the ice. one of jupiter's moons have got the attention of astronomers as they believe there could be water beneath the ice
+x BublizZ Yes. Thats why NASA is eyeing on send drilling probes to Titan to examine that question of yours.
I'm really not sure what youtube algorithm is trying to get at during this pandemic :/
How wonderful! Thank you! We should appreciate more the work of our scientists and researchers
And mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell... checkmate.
Idk why i did this
Same tbh
fun fact: mitochondria were most likely originally bacteria we absorbed into our cells back during the early days of multicellular life
@@arthas640 and are now dead bacterica under control of cells we have today
Creationists were triggered by this video.
This was beautifully put to explain geology and biology, great work...
March 2020: Sweating Intensifies!
I actually didn't know that chloroplasts have a similiar origin to mitochondria.
Yep, supported by its own nucleus and membrane bilayer.
Sieptium I don't understand a word you are saying. damn I am a moron 😐😑
+ClumsyCora Neither chloroplasts nor mitochondria do have a nucleus.
Yep both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genetic material
@@ubsir6900 Mitochondria is a body in the cell that makes energy with cell breath procces or 02+h20=energy and c02
Thank you so much TED-Ed! For making life in these videos,because of this Im able to understand more about diseases and virus that still to this day humans are making their best to find a cure! Hopefully one day,I'll be a part of those teams where they dedicated their lives in finding the cure.
It is so strange to read this comment posted before the pandemic.
Totally worth watching and sharing very good and detailed representation.
Such Perfection in creation! Loved the little Bowie pic :-) in the animations.
Cloud made skull at the end. Who noticed? 3:56
CZcams's algorithm is quite sadistic in nature
People sadistic in nature looks like, because it just recommends what people are watching. Like "people have started watching this video more => better to recommend it to others".
I'm so happy that I'm able to understand this video without subtitles. I'm an English learner btw
This thing is really very great. Ted ed helps me learn a lot
.
Sunlight : **exists**
Cyanobacter: *it's free real estate*
*no one :*
*absolutely no one:*
*Ted Ed:* sLoTh FuR
Thank you 🙏 TED-Ed
It only takes one event and it all falls apart
If we do not individually do our part, there is no checks and balances and it all comes down.
The pigment comes from the light colours they don't use for energy, they use purple red yellow orange and green but not blue so they reflect it and that's why they look blueish
Terraform oxygen-poor planets with cyanobacteria. That is, if the planet has carbon dioxide-atmosphere, sufficient light and water to start with.
there would probably be already life on that planet if it met all the requirements for the Cyanobacteria to be able to survive and thrive there
It took hundreds of millions of years for cyanobacteria to "terraform" Earth. Do you wish to wait so long for terraforming other planets?
takes too long to be efficient for colonisation. Well on the other hand we cant travel there anyway.
If we start trying now, maybe our distant descendants will be able to travel to planets terraformed by our robots. Earth will not support human life forever so we owe it to our species to learn how to live independently of Earth.
Lugh Summerson
you cant get there , too far, and sending a package would take probably thousands of years only to get there, at curent speeds of travel.
2:42 When you don't know how Ice Age ended all of a sudden
"Eventually life adjusted".
Now this is why I really like TED. Interesting or fascinating food for thought in a great package.
This is probably my favorite video in this channel.
Came here for the coronavirus comments and I was not disappointed
And now we are going back to hot, carbon dioxide and methane atmosphere.
Wait!
Is it a cycle of life on Earth?
Anaerobic organisms then aerobic then again anaerobic?
probably
That sounds great! I hadn't known it before watching this video.
Terrific, concise bit of learning!
yet so many people still believe we were made out of clay
Me gusta Jesùs, believe what you will and i’ll believe what i do about that belief❤️
I don't even know what to believe honestly lmao
Clay means soil? In a way they are right, as food is basically soil plus water..
@@abhishekkj9664 affs
@@pmz558 what's that
I read somewhere that a similar thing happened when early trees produced massive amounts of lignin at a time when no organisms where around capable of digesting that lignin. Since it did not decay it got buried underground and exposed to high pressures and temperatures converting it to crude oil. Actually most of our now so very valuable crude oil supposedly stems from this era. (Can someone confirm/falsify that story?). Maybe this "shit in your own bedroom" pattern is a fundamental property of life. Human civilization seems to repeat this pattern in several ways at once and at a highly accelerated pace. But will the deadly waste of today always become the invaluable resource of tomorrow when life/technology is finally ready to deal with it? I think this works only for some types of the waste we create like e.g.:
* The surface part of the great pacific (plastic) garbage patch (skim and recycle)
* All our landfills (high concentrations of rare elements)
* The CO2 we blow in the air (it's accessible everywhere)
* maybe even nuclear waste dumps (rare elements, more energy)
But very likely not others like:
* highly dispersed persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (out of abundant uninteresting elements)
* ridiculously finely dispersed short half-life radioactive elements
* The waste we'll likely create in our future: Widely scattered gemstone waste of all sizes from advanced atomically precise nanotechnology that is non-burnable and fundamentally non-biodegradable. For the whole history of life on earth it was incapable to evolve to eat non porous carbon free stones despite their abundance. If we make and litter stuff like that it will stick around a very very very long time.
This channel teaches me things I didn’t know I wanted to know
Love the Earth illustrations!
Guys.... I think I got an idea on how to fix global warming.
Okay but was the human at 3:07 David Bowie?😂
Yes, that's Bowie
Everytime a TED-Ed video features Anusaya, I just wait for the inevitable "thrive" to be uttered. And I haven't been disappointed thus far.
Such a mind blowing knowledge
I didn’t search for this and neither did you.
Lol, make Cyanobacteria great again.
superb presentation and a topic i was perfectly ready for.
being that the book by james watson
'dna - the secret of life'
is a daily stimulating read.
Awesome narration made the video more interesting
who knew oxygen could be called a pollutant.
*Taste the Sun*
I'm from Pakistan. I love this page. I used my CZcams to watch the most treasury videos. Thanks for such informative and and comprehensive videos.
*THIS IS A LESSON WORTH LEARNING*
So CynoBacteria was like Thanos ! 💜💜💜
What’s CZcams trying to say when it recommends this video during the covid-19 pandemic?
Thanks for the video
This was interesting! And I really like the narrator's voice!
1:57 sounds like what we as humans are doing to the earth now.
That sounds like a good thing since if we are producing more oxygen then we can have a cleaner air
*Cyanobacteria: I am inevitable.*
Humans: And I... am... I am Iron Man.
I'm just blown away by the Endosymbiosis method.
This is an amazing video.
THE SUN IS A DEADLY LASER!!!
Not anymore, there's a blanket~~! ❤️
That's why i have trust issues.
I love that it shows David bowie when the narrater says "complex forms"
Why are these videos always Sooooooo Gooooooood ?
CZcams already recommended me a 4 year old video of Bill Gates saying that we are not ready for the next outbreak and now, this.... it really has a dark sense of humour.
Oh CZcams Recommendations, never change...
??
That proves that there will always be a life on earth, whatever catastrophe it brings.
make more......its just wow