(2014) Judith Butler: Speaking of Rage and Grief
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- čas přidán 28. 04. 2014
- ©2014 Leigha Cohen Video Production www.leighacohenvideo.com/ / leighacohen
Judith Butler speaks of turning rage and grief into theory and reflection which is inspired by her 2004 book.
Judith Butler is an American philosopher and gender theorist, whose work has influenced the fields of feminist, queer, and literary theory, political philosophy, and ethics. Butler is Maxine Elliot Professor in the Departments of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature and the Co-director of the Program of Critical Theory at the University of California, Berkeley, where she has taught since 1993. Her works Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity and Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of "Sex" challenge the sex/gender distinction and develops her theory of gender performativity Butler's conception of gender performativity has shaped the scholarship of feminist and queer studies. Butler has also been outspoken on many contemporary political issues. She has been active in lesbian and gay rights, and she has engaged with the question of Palestine/Israel.
Some of her books include Subjects of Desire: Hegelian Reflections in Twentieth Century France (1987, 1999), Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1990, 2007), Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of "Sex" (1993, 2011), Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative (1997), The Psychic Life of Power: Theories in Subjection (1997), Antigone's Claim: Kinship Between Life and Death (2000), Undoing Gender (2004), Precarious Life: Powers of Violence and Mourning (2004), Giving an Account of Oneself (2005), Krieg und Affect (2009), Frames of War: When is Life Grievable? (2009).
Filmed in The Great Hall, The Cooper Union 7 East 7th Street, New York, NY 10003 on April 28, 2014 at the 2014 PEN World Voices Festival. Some of the globe's most prominent thinkers each, in turn, brought their enthusiasm for societal improvement to the stage for a short oration worldvoices.pen.org/event/2014...
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Transcript:
Speaking from rage does not always let us see how rage carries sorrow and covers it over, so I cannot do it well, at least not this evening. How often is sorrow effectively shouted down by rage? How does it happen that sorrow can bring about the collapse of rage? Is there something to be learned about the sources of non-violence from this particular power of grief to deflate rage of its destructiveness? Anne Carson asks, "why does tragedy exist?" And then answers, "because you are full of rage. Why are you full of rage? Because you are full of grief. Ask a head-hunter why he cuts off human heads, he'll say that rage impels him and rage is born of grief. The act of severing and throwing away a victim's head enables him to throw away all of this bereavements. Perhaps you think this does not apply to you, yet you recall the day your wife, driving you to your mother's funeral, turned left instead of right at the intersection, and you had to scream at her so loud other drivers turned to look. When you tore her head off and threw it out the window, they nodded, changed gears, drove away."
The grief is unbearable, and from that unbearability one kills, a killing that produces more grief. Have we yet figured out how this works, the transition from unbearable grief to uncontrollable rage and destructiveness? Perhaps grief is imagined to end with violence, as if grief itself could be killed. Can we perhaps find one of the sources of nonviolence in the capacity to grieve, to stay with the unbearable loss without converting it into destruction? If we could bear our grief, would we be less inclined to strike back or strike out? And if the grief is unbearable, is there another way to live with it that is not the same as bearing it?
We know the contours of this terrible circle: destroying to stop the unbearable grief, to bring an end to the unbearable, only to then redouble that loss by destroying again. Perhaps that destructive act is a way of announcing that what is unbearable is now someone else's problem, not mine. Here, you take this unbearable thing, now it belongs to you. But has anyone ever stopped grieving by devastating another's life? What is the fantasy, the conceit at work in such an act? Perhaps the wager is that this I, in destroying, suddenly becomes pure action, finally rid of passivity and injurability -- finally, that is, for a passing moment. Or perhaps in destroying, one insists that the rest of the world become mired in one's own sense of devastation. If the world is unlivable without those whom one has lost, perhaps there emerges a despairing form of egalitarianism according to which everyone should suffer this devastation.
The destructive acts born of unbearable grief are perhaps premised on the thought that with this loss, everything is already destroyed, so destroying becomes a redundancy, a ratification of what has already happened. But perhaps there is an effort to bring grief to a full stop through taking aim at the world in which such a grief is possible, rolling over into a form of destructiveness that furiously proliferates more loss, wantonly distributing the unbearable.
Of course, what is unbearable is already more than one can bear, so how can there be any more of that which is already too much? This terrible form of the ineffable is loosed upon the world in that furious form of grieving known as destructiveness. We may ask, is there a satisfaction in such destruction? Or indeed, a satisfaction to be found in war? Freud tells us that certain forms of destructiveness yield no pleasure, no satisfaction, but churn on in a nearly mechanical way, repeating without even any final satisfaction in revenge. And yet there are, as we know, sometimes terrible satisfactions in war, the kinds of satisfactions that must be resisted. Peace is only very occasionally acquiescent state. For the most part, it is a struggle against destructiveness, the practice of resisting the terrible satisfactions of war.
So what is my plea? Do I counsel more grief? Do I think that an exponential increase in grief will produce less destructiveness in the world? No, I do not. If only because grief does not submit to mathematical measures. Grief is not just about registering the reality that someone, or some group, or some whole population is gone or nearly gone; it's not a straightforward process that comes to an end when a reality principle delivers its verdict: yes, the one or ones you are grieving are definitively gone. And it does not even conclude when we find ourselves having more or less successfully incorporated a lost one into our psychic reality -- our gestures, our clothing, our ways of thinking and modes of speech.
Mourning has to do with yielding to an unwanted transformation where neither the full shape nor the full import of that alteration can be known in advance. This transformative effect of losing always risks becoming a deformative effect. Whatever it is, it cannot be willed -- it is a kind of undoing. One is hit by waves in the middle of the day, in the midst of a task, and everything stops. One falters, even falls. What is that wave that suddenly withdraws your gravity and your forward motion? That something that takes hold of you and makes you stop, and takes you down -- where does it come from? Does it have a name? What claims us at such moments when we are most emphatically not masters of ourselves and our motion?
When we lose certain people or when we are dispossessed from a place or a community, it may be that something about who we are suddenly flashes up, something that delineates the ties we have to others that shows us that we are bound to one another and that the bonds that compose us also do strand us, leave us uncomposed. If I lose you under the conditions in which who I am is bound up with you, then I not only mourn the loss, but I become inscrutable to myself and this life unbearable. Who am I without you? I was not just over here and you over there, but the I was in the crossing, there with you, but also here. So I was already de-centered, one might say, and that was precious -- and yet when we lose, we lose our ground, we are suddenly at risk of taking our own lives or the lives of others.
Perhaps what I have lost on those occasions is precisely that sense that I can't live without you, even if it turns out that I can live without that specific You that you happened to be, even if I was surprised to find I survived when survival was unthinkable. If I can and do live without you, it's only because I have not, as it were, lost the place of the You, the one to whom I address myself, the generalized addressee with whom I am already bound up in language in a scene of address that is the linguistic condition of our survivability.
This apostrophic You may be this You or that other one with another name, but maybe also some You I do not yet know at all, maybe even some vast set of Yous, largely nameless, who nevertheless support both my gravity and my motion. And without You -- that indefinite, promiscuous, and expansive pronoun -- we are wrecked, and we fall.
A loss might seem utterly personal, private, isolating, but it also may furnish an unexpected concept of political community, even a premonition of a source of non-violence. If the life that is mine is not originally or finally separable from yours, then the we who we are is not just a composite of you and me and all the others, but a set of relations of interdependency and passion. And these we cannot deny or destroy without refuting something fundamental about the social conditions of our living.
What follows is an ethical injunction to preserve those bonds, even the wretched ones, which means precisely guarding against those forms of destructiveness that take away our lives and those of other living beings, and the ecological conditions of life. In other words, before ever losing, we are lost in the other, lost without the other, but we never know it as well as we do as when we actually lose.
This being in thrall is one way of describing the social relations that have the power to sustain or even break us way before we enter into contracts that confirm that our relations are a result of our choice. We are already in the hands of the other, a thrilling and terrifying way to begin. We are from the start both done and undone by the other -- and if we refuse this, we refuse passion, life, and loss.
The lived form of that refusal is destruction. The lived form of its affirmation is non-violence. Perhaps non-violence is the difficult practice of letting rage collapse into grief, since then we stand the chance of knowing that we are bound up with others, such that who I am or who you are is this living relation that we sometimes lose.
With great speed we do sometimes drive away from the unbearable, or drive precisely into its clutches, or do both at once, not knowing how we move or with what consequence. It seems unbearable to be patient with unbearable loss -- and yet that slowness, that impediment can be the condition for showing what we value, and even perhaps what steps to take to preserve what is left of what we love.
Thank you for this.
+Maya R. thank you Maya x
+Maya R. you are my hero
Maya R. wowwww????.
You can get a job as a secretary.
Judith Butler always inspiring....
" mourning is yeilding to unwanted transfoemation...' just brilliant.
My little brother died in March he was 23, ever since I saw him in the casket rage has been shattering me.
wonderful - thanks for sharing.
Beautiful. Thank you.
Thanks for this. I had to search this up for my project. Got a A+ or 100 THANKS!
don't be a total dumbass, do try to internalize her words too.
my mantra now: let me not go down to my grave ranting and raving--for whatever reason. peace and serenity of mind, heart and soul are what i long for.
+Tseliotess Then you would do well not to listen to people like Judith Butler. Peace to you.
@@mattgarbe2607
Thank you so much 🙏
This is one of the most profound things I've heard in a while. Piercing insight.
Thank you.
I'm so sorry I know how it feels to be lonely without the person you loved, we've all lost our love ones in death one way or the other, either a spouse, child, family members, or a true friend that meant the world to us, such is life I understand how you feel but life goes on because death is inevitable and we'll all have to face it someday, I lost my wife 3yrs ago to a cardiovascular disease, I felt deeply devastated with grief, but that's the past now, time is indeed the best healer.
I'd love to talk to you more if you don't mind! it'd be nice if you just say hi, here is my number +17866326441, or rather you can send me your gmail address so I could reach out on you.
Subscribed, Commented, shared and liked!
Almost Lacanian with a set of complex, subtle associations, fine and highly insightful.
ps quiescent - what a lovely word.
Yah, misery loves company.
Dearest Leigha:
I have been watching some of your posts - very profound. Blessings from the West Coast of Canada - like I believe she said - Hishuk Ish Tswalk - underneath it all we all "know" this - this" can only be defined by each of us - and yet we are all apart of the whole - we are all one - and everything is connected. Modern physics, philosophy attempt to explain this - and yet the ancients knew this and our current indigenous people know this and are fighting to preserve it. They are even fighting to save us from ourselves - "us" being those of us who think we know it all. The are even fighting those who have taken everything from them that being the colonists - because again - they know we are all one. Would you be so kind to help them (us) make it happen and join www.idlenomore.ca/ - it is a grass roots catch all movement to save us from ourselves. By the way your posts of Chomsky - he is a champion for the indigenous - I have thought to ask him too. He advocates that we support them before it is too late. I think he is right - just do the math!
U
transcript?
HI, That is something that I can not do. You may want to speak to the event organizers that is shown in the description and they may possibly be able to help you with that
Transcribed & posted above.
Woodoo theory
Thank you praaht18 for sharing you intellectual achievement with the world!
+1 XP for Charisma
MY DUMBASS THOUGHT THIS WAS ELLEN DEGENERESE
I came to listen and I'm falling asleep. What a bore. A profession victim speaks of rage. Yawn
boo hoo