Overview of Cell Division
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- čas přidán 25. 06. 2024
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SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: In this lesson, we'll be talking about how cells reproduce. How and why do they do this? Well, they use a process called cell division to make new cells called daughter cells. Unicellular organisms, meaning creatures that consist of just one cell such as bacteria, usually clone themselves during cell division. The two daughter cells that result are separate organisms, in this case, two new genetically identical bacteria. This is a type of asexual reproduction known as binary fission. Cells in a multicellular organism also reproduce by cell division, but the new daughter cells that are produced are not two separate organisms. Instead, these new cells are just parts of the organism, allowing it to grow, or sometimes replacing cells that are worn out or injured. For example, your body heals a paper cut through division of your skin cells, occurring at the edges of the cut. In a modified example of cell division, sex cells called gametes are made. Chromosomes are an important part of cell division. So, what are chromosomes? Let's look inside a cell's nucleus. Here we find the nuclear genetic material known as deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. Each cell's DNA holds the genetic code or instructions from everything within that organism. Looking through a microscope, you can see that DNA is usually spread out within the nucleus. It looks kind of grainy. We call the DNA Chromatin when it looks like this. Before a cell divides, DNA must replicate or copy itself so that the information in this code can be passed on to each daughter cell. At the beginning of cell division, DNA condenses tightly into an x-shaped structure known as a chromosome. Each side of an x-shape chromosome is a genetically identical sister chromatid, forming a sideways v-shape. In the middle, a structure called a centromere, joins the sister chromatids together. Different types of organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. Every cell in your body is called a somatic cell, except your gametes. Human somatic cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. It's like the difference between how many pairs of shoes you have versus your total number of shoes. Gametes are the exceptions to this rule. Human eggs and sperm have only one chromosome from each pair, for a total of 23. And unlike somatic cells, gametes are not genetically identical to their parent cells. When a sperm cell fertilizes an egg, they both contribute their 23 chromosomes. This fused cell, called a zygote, now has 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 46. This overview of cell division will help prepare you for studying the cell cycle, which is the life cycle of the cell. [music]
NSV15003
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Very clear !
Thanks a lot !
Thanks a lot, the video was very clear and easy to learn from. It was also easy to take notes.
2 types of cell division happens in human body: Mitosis and Meiosis. There is one more thing, life of a first single cell. Zygote. This happens by fertilization. It is a process when sperm combined with egg(ovum). Mitosis is related to somatic cell, a normal cell division. That happens in humans including normal parts of the body. When you got cut in somewhere of the body mitosis helps out to recover the cut wound heal. Its diploid whereas, 2 sets of chromosomes attached in the point.
Meiosis, a kind of cell division which is haploid, one sets of chromosomes. Its for human sexual reproduction.
thanks dude , for someone with engg. background is studying bio because , have to , it really helped
What happens to its genetic material ??
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Thank you for the video. It was very useful and it was simple. It was also easy to learn and take notes!
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But please put full part of this chapter.
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Fascinating...
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Hey a new med student watching your videos 😉
Clear video
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Pls pls make videos based on full chapter of NCERT cell sturcture And it's functions..11th standard... chapter 8 of biology
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Please, could you answer me?
Our teacher maked a question like that:
Q/What happened in Metaphase:
A) The chromosomes arrange in the center of the cell.
B) Ending with the division of each centromere into two polars.
C) Both the chromatid and the centromere
move away from the center of the cell towards the poles.
D) All of the above.
a
A
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Before a cell undergoes cellular division what must happen to its genetic material? Can you explain that
Plesse upload a video about Mitosis and Meiosis cell Division
he did
Another good video, how about a in depth video about centromeres? If there's 23 pairs of chromosomes are there 23 centromeres ? What is Centromere. How could the nucleus membrane dissappear or is the membrane chromatin ? Does a chromosome become a cell in a zygote
A chromosome contains the major genetic material of the cell and is present in Nucleus of each cell so it remains a part of nucleus in daughter cell i.e. Zygote.
@Sadia Sultana right, thanks for responding 11mths later, what my question was do the chromosomes become cells within the nucleus and of course contain each pair of chromosomes in each cell within the cell that become the egg having 23 cells within the original cell(egg) and divide from there? There's a cytoplasm in a nucleus so a cell has 2 cytoplasms . Consider a x or y chromosome becomes a o(cell) chromosome or a membrane(blanket of organized circular proteins) , when the length of a membrane is transcribed a clone circular membrane is made
@@guytelfer1353chromosomes don’t become cells, they’re genetic material, DNA. That’s what the other person is saying. They’re within a cell and determine what that cell will do (so like if it’ll be a liver cell, skin cell, etc, and all the functions that come with being a liver/skin cell). Cytoplasm also isn’t in the nucleus it’s outside the nucleus, like the “space” within the cell, surrounding all the organelles. A cell also doesn’t have 2 cytoplasms (think of cytoplasm like a goo, not like solid, structured organelle like a nucleus would be) the cytoplasm just divides during cytokinesis. The “-kensis” being division of the “cyto”plasm. For the centromere, it’s 23 because theres 23 _pairs_ of chromosomes. So 46 chromosome, 23 centromeres, 1 centromere for each pair of chromosomes (sister chromatids). Centromere basically just holds them together until they need to be separated during division
@@guytelfer1353 see i can tell you only that much i know..one chromosome are actually two duplicated chromatid joined together at centromere ..now as for chromatid it is supercoiled structure ..the coiling starts from double helix dna ( for b dna 10 bp in each turn 36degree angle between two bp ..between two bp distance 34 angstrom and diameter 20 angstrom) which being negatively charged due to phosphate ion in each nucleotide coils around a spherical 8 histone proteins (h2a h2b h3 h4 1 pair each) containing histone octamer made up of basic amino acids...these are further coiled and coiled (czcams.com/video/xl8ply4A7ng/video.htmlsi=dBlf8UXcuMubEF-S czcams.com/video/gbSIBhFwQ4s/video.htmlsi=JoVunCxt7817OVDt see these two videos) to form chromatin fibres which are present in nucleus...of which euchromatin gene part gets replicated in ori sites for replication transcription translation and ultimately forming protein which gets modified into enzyme and then control biochemical process thus genetical code is controlling everything...the secondar constriction of chromosome in chromatin stage present on each other forms dense nucleolus during cell division chromatin at first untangles then duplicates into two chromatids and forms chromosome so secondary constriction for particular chromosomes separates to their chromosome thus nucleolus disappears..
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Meiosis produces "daughter cell" or "haploid gametic cells"??
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the end 4:06
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What happens to its genetic material? U didn’t explain that 😢
Go find another video
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So were we all chromosomes, and how do we have twin siblings??
Why is it called cell division if the cells multiply? 🤔
Cells don't multiply they divide themselves into two equal parts 👍
@@prachisharma585 still searching for your sense of humour. Is it imaginary ? By the way cells divide to multiply
@@rahimxsh they divide to increase their number
They divide they don't multiply
@@sadiasultana5799 increase in number is multiplying
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Ztransla
Lol why does the chromosome look cute
Doctors 👇
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Med student? Were learning this is 8 grade
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