The Birth of Quantum Mechanics
Vložit
- čas přidán 17. 02. 2024
- Support the channel: ko-fi.com/jkzero
Detailed presentation of the history and physics of Einstein’s first paper from 1905, in which he introduced his quantum theory of light, the problems that solves (photoelectric effect) and the three main experimental predictions of his theory. Followed by Einstein’s quantum theory of heat capacity of solids, in which he introduced quantum vibrations in crystals.
Papers:
A. Einstein, "On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Emission and Transformation of Light," Ann. Phys. 17, 132 (1905) einsteinpapers.press.princeto...
A. Einstein, "On the Present Status of the Radiation Problem," Phys. Z. 10, 185 (1909) einsteinpapers.press.princeto...
A. Einstein, "Planck's Theory of Radiation and the Theory of Specific Heat," Ann. Phys. 22, 180 (1907) einsteinpapers.press.princeto...
Affiliate link (may earn a commission):
- Serving the Reich by Philip Ball amzn.to/3SMTNYu
Credits:
Crookes X-ray tube by J. Helebrant, public domain
Thompson cathode tube by J.J. Thomson, public domain
Photoelectric effect by MikeRun under CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Thomson cathode tube by Kurzon, public domain
Checking X-ray by Cottonbro Studio on Pexels www.pexels.com/video/healthca...
Circuit of Heinrich Hertz's first radio transmitter and receiver by DMGualtieri & Chetvorno under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Photoelectric effect Mehdi-rou under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Photoelectric effect by Miraceti under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Photoelectric effect for different wavelengths by MikeRun under CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Young interference by Sakurambo, public domain
Polarization lenses by R. Niewiroski Jr. under CC BY 2.5 Deed creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Diffraction pattern by Wisky under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Light is a particle/wave by Douglas Hofstadter under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed
Harmonic oscillator by I. Airola under CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Coupled harmonic oscillator by J. Bertolotti, public domain - Věda a technologie
Physics video with history of physics gets my support! :)
Awesome, thank you! Your continuous support is much appreciated.
What do the Twistors of Roger Penrose and the Hopf Fibrations of Eric Weinstein and the "Belt Trick" of Paul Dirac have in common?
In Spinors it takes two complete turns to get down the "rabbit hole" (Alpha Funnel 3D--->4D) to produce one twist cycle (1 Quantum unit).
Can both Matter and Energy be described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature? (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.) Mass= 1/Length, with each twist cycle of the 4D Hypertube proportional to Planck’s Constant.
In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
If quarks have not been isolated and gluons have not been isolated, how do we know they are not parts of the same thing? The tentacles of an octopus and the body of an octopus are parts of the same creature.
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. The "Color Force" is a consequence of the XYZ orientation entanglement of the twisted tubules. The two twisted tubule entanglement of Mesons is not stable and unwinds. It takes the entanglement of three twisted tubules to produce the stable proton.....
Don't stop doing the physics videos. You are a gift to humanity. Excellent presentation and insights that I haven't seen on YT before. I'm an old man and I've learned a lot from your videos.
Thanks for your kind words. It really fills me with joy knowing that some people find new little pieces of knowledge through my videos.
agreed, you should keep going, some of us loved it😢
Agreed, I can't wait for the next one
Also keep in mind, every video/article/p-set/textbook-chapter/etc. is a unique way of encoding and remembering & retrieving that relevant interlinked knowledge. So every unique presentation of information can have the capacity to provide its own original & genuinely impactful nugget of insight. What you’re presenting & providing is important
Talking about the chronology is great. It allows viewers to better see the process and not the flattened presentation that is usually explained. Good job!
True, in hindsight all the ideas and calculation seem so simple, but the conceptual jumps to get there is what makes these ideas and equations so valuable. I find most accounts of these stories to focus on the final result but I find the problems, the struggles, and the wild guesses fascinating and decided to share them here. Glad to find so many people moved by these stories and that don't shy away from some taste of the math behind.
@@jkzero Indeed, there are many of us physics nerds who actually value the history and all the wild guesses that contributed to the formation of currently accepted theories. There are too many books that explain the phenomena but people like me also enjoy understanding the motivation behind them and the theories of the time when they were formulated
@@gametimewitharyan6665 When I was a physics student I learned the solutions to the problems of the time but I remember that the lack of context and details was quite unsatisfactory. Now that I have time, I decided to dig deeper, read parts of the original papers, and I decided to share the details and found that the stories get even more fascinating.
These videos are so nice for people with some physics background. Perfect ratio of conceptual to mathematical explanation.
Glad you think so! This is precisely the audience that I have attempted to reach: physics enthusiasts that don't shy away from some math and people with scientific background who might value some history details. I personally was never told all the dramas and interesting human aspects of these stories during my studies.
I have to say, the pacing for the mathematics in your videos is perfect for me. Setting up all the diffeQs etc sincerely and skipping over the grunt work is a perfect mix. It's super nice seeing the exact mathematical motivation without getting bogged down in the weeds
Thanks, I am glad you liked the content. This is precisely the audience that I have attempted to reach: physics enthusiasts that don't shy away from some math and people with scientific background who might value some historical details. I personally was never told all the dramas and interesting human aspects of these stories during my studies.
You really make the best physics videos. Thank you for your awesome work!
I am grateful for the appreciation, this really drives me to keep making these videos. I find these stories fascinating and it is great to find others who value them too. You can help by liking so that the videos can discovered by the mighty algorithm.
I really enjoy how you break down the mathematical steps that Einstein, Planck, and others took to reach their conclusions. Doing that has made these papers much more accessible to me (I teach calculus and physics in a high school in the US). I would love to see you do a video on Einstein's paper on special relativity. Please make one. Thank you!
Thanks fro your comment. This is precisely my purpose. I know that these stories can be found in books but showing some of the key calculations makes the viewer experience the joy of discovery thanks to mathematics. Moreover, there are many false narratives that I find useful to clarify because it shows that there were people who made guesses, made mistakes, guessed again, and some got it right. Where in the US are based, if I might ask?
This is another yes, relativity!
I would like to thank for all the work you're doing, I'm a physics student and it's so good to learn about the history of physics with this level of details and presentation. One of the best youtube channel I've seen in a while, hope you get big and reach more and more people!
I am grateful for the appreciation, this really drives me to keep making these videos. I find these stories fascinating and it is great to find others who value them too. You can help by liking so that the videos can discovered by the mighty algorithm.
Your style of making videos is just superb! I especially appreciated the recent ones, where you've left the atomic bomb them behind to focus on more general physics. Good job and keep it pu!
thanks, it was a risky move to try other topics but I think that there are so many fascinating stories that deserve more visibility plus too many false narratives about how things are today. I understand that textbooks cannot cover all this material because they need to get to point but this is why I am happy to create this content filling gaps in the history sprinkled with some fun calculations.
@@jkzero That's what I like about this format! I can learn about the history in a more relaxed way, whilst not consuming a completely dumbed down version (without any calculations, and which only presents analogies instead of the actualy concepts) because the more popular channels want as many views as they can get.
Despite the fact that this content may not be as popular with the general public, I'm sure that many physics/mathematics/engineering students will appreciate your content: the mathematics are not that advanced (realistically, up to some vector analysis/differential equations) and the quality is extremely high.
@@eternex4983 thanks for sharing that. I was unsure about including math in my early videos, I tested the waters slowly and discovered that many people are do not shy away from some math that can be followed.
@@eternex4983 High schools students too enjoy his content whole heartedly
These are absolutely incredible videos! Thank you so much for sharing this information. I would really love if you spoke about some of Einstein’s other Annus Mirabilis papers.
Thanks, I am glad you liked the video. There are several votes for a detailed analysis of the relativity paper
I really like the linking with previous videos and continuing the topics both in terms of the physics and the history, your content is meticulous!
thanks, I am glad you liked the follow-up, there is now another cliffhanger: experimental validation comes next, it comes with nice calculations and some drama between big egos... stay tuned
Much appreciated! I've been doing a ton of self study on Planck's constant, so I'm happy to see this
Great to hear! I am glad you liked the video. I am always curious to know what brings viewers to the channel, were you searching for something in particular or did the 'mighty algorithm' find you?
@@jkzero was the algorithm. I also read a lot of physics and stuff.
To be honest, I'm also one of those types who builds personal physics theories as a hobby. So, I like to make sure I'm compiling info from good sources. Your video is very good!
@@chem7553 Thanks for sharing and I am glad the algorithm is working, I hope you find the other videos of interest too and welcome to the channel.
Excellent presentations! I have seen all your videos and look forward to the next!
Awesome, thank you for the loyalty, more videos coming
I did not appreciate how important classical thermodynamics and thermodynamics were in the emergence of quantum theory. What a time to be alive!
Incredible video. This and your previous one are some of the best works of science communication i've seen on youtube. Keep it up.
Thanks for watching and the positive feedback. Welcome to the channel. Next part coming soon
Great work as always! I'd like you to not just cover his paper on special relativity, but all his papers! You explain complex ideas so easily!
thanks for the vote of confidence, I am glad that my style is so positively perceived. I was lucky enough to teach from high-school to undergrads and all the way to master and PhD students and I use this channel as a way to share these stories that I loved telling my students but never had enough time for. More stories coming, hopefully some that are less know for the general public.
Thank you so much for this following up of the the Plank video! It is so interesting to see how thermodynamics combine with Boltzmann's ideas was the the tool chosen to probe the microscopic world at that time. It's funny that you mention the common view of this paper as just his photoelectric effect paper degrading its importance and make it almost impossible to understand why it was worth a Nobel prize until one looks at the paper itself. I also thought your anecdote about Röntgen rays funny. Medical doctors in Sweden also speak about "Röntgen strålar", but without the picture of Röntgen on the wall.
Thanks, I am glad you liked the video. I was so happy to see a large portrait of Röntgen in the waiting room of the hospital. Other viewers wrote below that in Denmark, Russia, and the Netherlands they also use this name. Thanks for sharing
This channel and Physics Explained are a wonderful collection of Physic stories
Thanks, I take that as a great compliment. I am just getting started and more videos coming.
I really love the presentation of physics in these videos, its both clear, and easy to understand!
As a (now 2nd year) physics student, I really did not know how energy quantazation of the black body radiation problem, planck and the proposal of light quanta were related, at all, until now.
It really is fascinating stuff!
Thanks, Dr. Jorge Diaz.
Greetings from Chile!
A few years back I was teaching modern physics for PhD students and discovered that none of them had read a single paper by Einstein; this is OK for the general public but, physicists? I find it good to give visibility to this content and why not making accessible to general public? The stories are indeed fascinating so yeah, more stories coming! Saludos a chilito. ¿De dónde escribes?
@@jkzero Desde Concepción, gracias por preguntar!
@@Javy_Chand saludos a Conce (yo soy de Talca)
Your videos are really informational, interesting and fun to watch. This with the historical context you provide in your videos make them real gems🤩
Glad you think so! This is precisely the audience that I have attempted to reach: physics enthusiasts that don't shy away from some math and people with scientific background who might value some historical details. I personally was never told all the dramas and interesting human aspects of these stories during my studies.
One thing I noticed about Einstein is that even though he is famous for the theory of relativity and got his Nobel for photoelectric effect, the scope of his work turns out to be much broader
you are right, this is why I wanted to dedicate a full video to Einstein but leaving relativity aside, the general public only knows about his work o relativity and his other contributions deserve to reach wider audiences
@@jkzeroIf I remembered he even had a patent?
@@GeoffryGifari yeah, Einstein filled a patent for a refrigerator with Leo Szilard en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_refrigerator
Henri Pointcaré was really a pioneer. A shame Einstein was used as a provocation medium during that dark time by making him have most of the credit that Henri rightfully deserves.
Poincaré was one of the great ones and I think everyone in the physics community agrees that if Einstein had not existed then Poincaré would have done all the work on relativity anyway.
Many romanticize scientists, however science is very rigid, it does not matter who did it first, the important thing is that it is correct.
@@onihanzo2495 humans are not science, we can still tell if something is unfair.
@@onihanzo2495science is a product of humans, and wouldn't exist without our curiosity and capacity for wonder, astonishment, reason, etc. I think if anything should be romanticized or lionized its the giants whose shoulders we stand on. If scientists weren't revered and respected and science wasn't romanticized I'm guessing our ideas might be a lot less correct than they are now lol
You always manage to squeeze out some bucks from me. Thanks, great vid
I cannot thank you enough for your continuous support. The only way, I guess, is by keeping the videos coming. Thank you so much!
@@jkzero hey can you do some video on Maxwell? He was so influential and impactful but currently underrated by the public.
These videos are amazing. You tell the story so effectively...Please keep it up!
Thanks for watching and the positive feedback. Welcome to the channel.
I cannot wait for your next video ❤ !
It is just a pure joy to watch. Thank you very much!
thanks for the feedback, I am glad you liked it. The follow-up coming soon
Thank you for these videos! They're truly awesome, especially the graphics
I am glad you appreciate the effort to bring to life the process, making these videos take many hours but it is a lot fun
This is pure hard core physics for all of us to enjoy.
Nothing to do with the contemporarry shallow and - if i might say, religious-like presentation that most science channels out there follow.
Thanks for the comment. A few years back I was teaching modern physics for PhD students and discovered that none of them had read a single paper by Einstein; this is OK for the general public but physicists? I find it good to give visibility to this content and why not making accessible to general public? The stories are indeed fascinating so yeah, more stories coming!
You're the only youtuber that touches physics topics in a responsible, clear, organized, and still rigorous way. You're making a better version of the channel I have always wanted to create since I got my PhD in physics, and noticed all the diluted and frankly misleading or even totally wrong content out there. Thank you for these efforts. 🎉
Thank you so much for your kind feedback. I always enjoyed teaching, I was fortunate to teach for over a decade at undergraduate and graduate levels, and that is what I miss the most from my former academic life, the creation of this channel was a way to get this desire of talking about physics out. Another reason for this channel was that I saw so many videos on physics that perpetuate false narratives that every time I felt like "I would have explained that differently" so after postponing it for years I decided to give it a try last summer, and the response from viewers has been overwhelmingly positive, I am very grateful for that.
Except that this isn't about physics but about science history. Not the same thing. As a PhD you should know that. If you had read Einstein's paper on the photoelectric effect, you would also know that he has a real bummer of a mistake in there. He calls photons "quanta of energy" but then he identifies them immediately (and without any experimental evidence) with Newtonian corpuscles. That's his actual biggest mistake. He never managed to get rid of that false mental image in his mind, as far as I can tell.
Excellent: well done and thank you!
Many thanks!
Estás haciendo un trabajo increíble! gracias 🙌🏻
muchas gracias, de verdad que disfruto demasiado haciendo estos videos y ha sido tremendo encontrar una audiencia que los valora. ¿De dónde escribes?
@@jkzero Desde Chile! Compartí (y compartiré) tu canal con quiénes conozco 🙌🏻
@@pabloealvarez wow, saludos a chilito
@@jkzero escribí en español, ya que vi que en un foro escribías en español. Si manejas bien el español, podría ser una buena idea agregar la opción de audio en ambos idiomas y así llegar a más gente en latinoamerica 🙌🏻
gracias por la sugerencia; consideré hace un tiempo crear una versión en español de cada video pero como CZcams ofrece subtítulos automáticos en todos los idiomas pensé que no sería necesario el trabajo extra. Las estadísticas me muestran muchas vistas desde Latinoamérica usando los subtítulos automáticos por lo que al parecer eso es suficiente por ahora.
Thank you for another excellent video.
Thanks for watching!
Buenos videos dr. Jorge, de pronto patreon se adapta mas al estilo de creacion de contenido aperiodico como supongo sus creaciones son generadas( rapido pero pues estan listas cuando esten), asi que una vez tenga ud la masa critica de subscriptores deberia explorar esa opcion, para que su canal tenga asi larga vida.
muchas gracias por tu comentario y por la sugerencia; he evaluado la posibilidad de usar Patron, sin embargo sus pólizas y condiciones son un poco estrictas para mi gusto y su cobro de un 12% por donación me parece muy elevado. Ko-fi, al contrario, no tiene requisitos y su cobro es 0%. A propósito de masa crítica czcams.com/video/LduH7613QXw/video.html :)
Thank you again for a great video
Thanks again for watching!
Always liked to learn understanding of physics from history of physics (it works sometimes surprisingly good), thank you very much
True, in hindsight all the ideas and calculation seem so simple, but the conceptual jumps to get there is what makes these ideas and equations so valuable. I find most accounts of these stories to focus on the final result but I find the problems, the struggles, and the wild guesses fascinating and decided to share them here. Glad to find so many people moved by these stories and that don't shy away from some taste of the math behind.
New favorite channel
I really appreciate your kind words, more content coming soon
Another well researched and presented video. I wonder why the CZcams algorithm do not promote your videos more aggressively.
Thank you Dr. Diaz ..
Thanks for the vote of confidence and the good wishes. Viewrs can help by liking so that the videos can discovered by the mighty algorithm
Imagine the fun of discovering things by accident. I don't know if it's as frequent today
Awesome explanations. Beautiful presentation.
Glad you liked it! New to the channel?
@@jkzero Yes, I subscribed around 1 week ago after seeing 3-4 videos about physics/math. Well produced.
@@simonstrandgaard5503 Thanks for sharing and coming back, I hope you find the other videos of interest too and welcome to the channel.
Once again, another superb video!
Gotta say, I am really feeling how much stuff I don't know when it comes to actual history of modern physics due to my education.
I thought the largest contribution Einstein did to QM was Photoelectric effect and nothing else!
Anyway, great vid once again. Can't wait to see you tackle Matrix and Wave formalism of QM!
a few years back I was teaching modern physics for PhD students and discovered that none of them had read a single paper by Einstein; this is OK for the general public but physicists? I find it good to give visibility to this content and why not making accessible to general public? The stories are indeed fascinating so yeah, more stories coming!
Brilliant. Thanks. Keep going.
Thanks, will do!
Youre the best physics youtuber ever I love your videos
Thanks for the vote of confidence and the good wishes, I am glad you find the content of value
I remember learning about physics at university and I really wished I had a course on the history of physics. I get that as an engineering student, my class was not really the target audience. Your videos remind me of my favorite book on the history of physics called Quantum by Manjit Kumar. I've been wanting to read it again in recent years but I don't have the time due to my studies. Watching your videos scratch that itch just right. Keep up the astounding work.
Thanks, I am glad you liked the content. This is precisely the audience that I have attempted to reach: physics enthusiasts that don't shy away from some math and people with scientific background who might value some history details. I personally was never told all the dramas and interesting human aspects of these stories during my studies.
I cannot believe this much of quality can exist in a daily video sharing website. My respects Dr. Diaz
Thank you so much for your kind words, I hope you check the other videos in this series.
Thank you so much!
Thanks, I am glad you liked the video. I am always curious to know what brings viewers to the channel, were you searching for something in particular or did the 'mighty algorithm' find you?
Seu canal merecia mais inscritos
Saudações do Brasil! 🇧🇷/
Muito obrigado pela sua mensagem, vamos chegar aos 100 mil subscritores em breve!
Li a sua mensagem durante um voo de ligação em São Paulo e usei DeepL para responder. Saudações ao Brasil.
I DEFINITELY want to see you cover Einstein's special relativity. Your videos are really cool
another vote for Einstein's special relativity paper, noted and it will likely come in the near future
Please also show the Relativity papers. I love using the papers indepth for the telling of the Story
noted, another vote for special relativity paper
Prof Dias, thank you explaining the historic development of quantum theory. Please give us more.
more coming for sure, I am having a blast making these videos and with the overwhelmingly positive feedback, I just ask for likes and comments to attract the attention of the 'mighty algorithm'
Another great video! It would be even nicer if you'll do some videos about general relativity❤😮
Thanks, I am glad you liked the video and thanks for the suggestion. I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I am always open to collecting suggestions, thanks
PLEASE MAKE MORE
Thanks for watching and the positive feedback. Yeah, more stories coming!
Would love a video on statistical mechanics.
me too; I think this would take time but great suggestion. I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I am always open to collecting suggestions, thanks
Very much agree. Statistical mechanics is woefully underrepresented in most mainstream discussions of physics because it's not really as 'flashy' as relativity or quantum mechanics, which is a shame because it's one of the most universally useful areas of physics.
I guess it was just the algorithm that brought me to your video. Then I noticed how much detail you had searched out and presented with patience and skill. I love the attention you gave to the genesis of the constant h and the painstaking experimental work that was so important in its early, impressively accurate calculation. Then you lovingly expounded the astonishing depth of Einstein's contribution to quantum theory, which as you pointed out seems always to be badly misunderstood and underrated. It always irks me when people thoughtlessly characterize Einstein as an opponent of quantum theory when in fact he advanced it immeasurably with his quanta of light -- made beautifully clear by your exposition. You showed the importance of Einstein's Brownian Motion results as having put beyond further denial the atomic hypothesis. In that respect I thought you could have gone a bit farther to discuss the brilliance of that result and the way Einstein used the tiny grains of dust (?) that made the random walks observable. Einstein treated the dust as a set of huge molecules for the purpose of his calculation, bringing them under the umbrella of the Maxwell-Boltzman distribution and the equipartiion of energy (please forgive my inaccuracies, as I am not a physicist). You clarified aspects of the Solvay conferences and drew a beautiful picture of the intercooperation of theory, experiment and presentation, combining to produce results whose value is so easily distinguishable from (the lack thereof) of crank ramblings.
Thanks for sharing and I am glad the algorithm is working, I hope you find the other videos of interest too and welcome to the channel.
Another brilliant video
glad you liked it, did you click the like button?
Great video again!
In Dutch X-rays are also named after Röntgen: Röntgenstraling. He even lived for a while in my hometown Apeldoorn. In our hospital there is a statue for him.
May be it is a good idea first to follow the road of quantum mechanics before you start talking about relativity? But I'm sure that all your future videos about the history of theories will be great!
O, now I see someone already mentioned the Dutch word for X-rays 😅
Very kind you read and answered all the comments. I hope your succes will be so great that one day you can't answer them all...
Thanks, and thanks for sharing. I was so happy to see a large portrait of Röntgen in the waiting room of the hospital. Other viewers wrote below that in Denmark, Russia, Sweden, and the Netherlands they also use this name.
On your suggestion, yeas, I plan to cover relativity in the future, not right now. I have already a list of videos to make, I just asked because I like to plan ahead. Even some mix of classical mechanics is coming too.
I appreciate your supportive comment. Answering is getting harder and harder, I miss many, I repeat myself in others, but I do my best. I created this channel to interact with people and it is great that it is not a one-way street. Again, thanks for your supporting words and thanks fro watching.
Thank you for great videos and explanations! It would be great if you could also do video on Special and General Relativity. Especially GR because of many controversies in the derivation approach. Thank you very much in advance!
Thanks for watching, I am glad you liked the videos. Yes, special and general relativity are definitely coming in the near future.
Love the idea of following Einstein thought process through the different papers !
Most people know about Einstein but not many can describe why he is such an icon beyond relativity, I hope to be able to show other great things he did and, more importantly, that he presented bold ideas with a clearly defined framework, supported by mathematics, and making clear predictions. These days any crackpot believes he is the new Einstein because can put words together and post them online.
I'm a new subscriber. I really liked this video and the video about Planck. Please, keep going with this amazing work. We can learn a lot with the stories of these scientists.
Regards,
Pedro.
Feb., 18th 2024
Thanks for subbing! Thanks for watching this and the previous video. More coming, this one ended on a cliffhanger. I am always curious to know what brings viewers to the channel, were you searching for something in particular or did the 'mighty algorithm' find you?
@@jkzero , I think the algorithm found me. Once I started watching the video about Planck, I knew I've found a very nice channel.
@@pedrovictorc Thanks for sharing and I am glad the algorithm is working, I hope you find the other videos of interest too and welcome to the channel.
great topic mate❤
Glad you think so!
Your videos may not be appreciated by everyone, but some of us are fascinated by the history of science and these videos are doing such an amazing job of telling that story. Thank you for the hard work you're putting in!
Thanks for watching and the positive feedback. I find most accounts of these stories to focus on the final result but I find the problems, the struggles, and the wild guesses fascinating and decided to share them here. Glad to find so many people moved by these stories and that don't shy away from some taste of the math behind.
Once again a great video! Just as an innocent pun, will there be a video titled: "Quantum Mechanics got complex" as well? (Referring to complex numbers).
that's a good one, I might use it in a future video
Great Video!
Glad you enjoyed it
It would be interesting hearing about Einstein's first two papers, and his doctoral thesis, where he explained Brownian motion and showed the existence of atoms, and where he derived, for the first time, the value of Avogadro's number.
I am glad you find the content of interest, I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.
Thank you for a crystal-clear presentation of this important contribution of Einstein. Yes, it is one of the best I've seen - so stimulating for a late learner of the "modern physics". Please go on with more. I would drop Sabine H anytime.
Thanks, I am glad you liked the video. The follow up to this story coming soon
This is great, history of physics straight forward is super important to understand where we are today
I find most accounts of these stories to focus on the final result but I find the problems, the struggles, and the wild guesses fascinating and decided to share them here. Glad to find so many people moved by these stories and that don't shy away from some taste of the math behind.
Please cover the relativity papers!
another vote for yes relativity
I had not thot about this since undergrad days where right after the Planck black body derivation, we just did the photo electric effect. I did not realized Einstein had rederived the previous results of QM with his interpretation, and then capped if off with the photo electric effect. Nice breakdown of his original paper(somethin we did not do). I guess in a semester of "Modern Physics" there is not enough time to cover the history of physics with all the material that has to be covered. Later in grad school it is on to Quantum Field Theory etc, and one does not review this early work any more (unless one teaches as class). It nice to revisit these foundational moments in QM, and the history reveals the process of how Physics is done. Every undergrad should watch these videos to supplement their textbooks and course work.
you are not alone, I was never told all these details during my undergrad nor my grad studies. A few years back I was teaching modern physics for PhD students and discovered that none of them had read a single paper by Einstein so this appears to be a trend everywhere; this is OK for the general public but physicists? I find it good to give visibility to this content and why not making accessible to general public? The stories are indeed fascinating so yeah, more stories coming! Did you watch the previous video about Planck and the blackbody radiation?
@@jkzero I saw your video Planck blackbody radiation when if first appeared on my youtube home page, and I then subscribed. That was very good. Every undergrad should watch that one as well. These two videos dove tail right into each other. Makes a natural progression of the development of QM
Thanks for sharing and I am glad the algorithm is working, I hope you find the other videos of interest too and welcome to the channel.
I had not thot - WHAT???
I love this history of physics, please continue :)
I am glad you liked the video, make sure to check the others in this series, and more coming soon czcams.com/play/PL_UV-wQj1lvVxch-RPQIUOHX88eeNGzVH.html
@@jkzero So looking forward to it. I love all the small details. Getting a feel for the doubts the great minds had, while figuring this stuff out. It's actually a sanity check for our lectures, where the profs state this stuff, as it all were obious facts
I think going over the early development of matrix mechanics by Heisenberg and Born could be a very interesting video
I hope to get there at some point. I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.
Makes me want to re-read old Einstein papers!
I am glad to trigger those types of desires. Old-school original papers can be sometimes challenging to read but they can also be gems
As always, great video. Just noticing that quantization does not imply probabilistic, that is, agreeing with quantization does not imply agreeing with a probabilistic approach to quantum matter, as deterministic approaches can be compatible as well. We just need Einstein to come up with such an explanation.
that's right, quantization and probabilistic interpretation are not the same things, despite the incorrect hand wavy "explanations" that popular physics books try to use, which cause more confusion. Also, Einstein was totally fine with probability distributions for describing physical systems, this was already in use since Boltzmann introduced statistical mechanics. Einstein was fine with wave functions, probability amplitudes, and all that jazz, he was dissatisfied with the measurement problem, but I am getting ahead of the story.
This chanel is next level. It'll explode sooner or later. Hopefully sooner than later.
Thanks for the vote of confidence and the good wishes. You can help by liking so that the videos can discovered by the mighty algorithm
Waiting for the next partttttt
follow up of the story is already in production, coming soon
We want you to cover all this papers. All of then!!!
I like the spirit
Thanks!
Thanks so much for supporting me to keep making these videos!
Nice ! Good video !
Thanks for the visit
I would love to see a video on The Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies! 🤔
noted, another vote for special relativity paper
You got a nice video here man...🎉
Appreciate it
Thank you for the fascinating video. Studying the original papers of great minds is very inspiring. It's hard to comprehend how Einstein could publish 4 papers in a single year, each of which practically deserved a Nobel Prize. In his reasoning, one can recognize the highest quality of physical intuition and genius. It may be an interesting fact that the correct equations of the General Theory of Relativity were derived just before Einstein by David Hilbert. Hilbert attended the weekly meetings with Einstein in 1915, where Einstein presented the subsequent stages of deriving the field equations of the General Theory of Relativity (GTR). Einstein had an error in the equations, and Hilbert, as an outstanding mathematician, derived the correct form of the equations before Einstein using variational calculus but could not interpret the result in the proper physical way. Einstein did it soon after Hilbert. Of course, Einstein is the creator of the General Theory of Relativity; he had all the correct genius insights on this beautiful theory. I mention this because it is precisely deep thinking about physics and the nature of things that distinguished Einstein so much among others. He had so many deep ideas that are still very influential today, so I find it very valuable to address his ideas in such videos. I am very much looking forward to more videos and thank you for this great material.
I am glad you find the content of interest, I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.
Nice video!
Thanks!
Can you explain the working principle of the hydrogen bomb with mathematics, please?! Meaning the critical mass for a fusion explosion to occur, the shape of the bomb, etc., like the video you made about the nuclear bomb.
you wanna make one don't you... be honest...
added to the list, I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I am always open to collecting suggestions
In any case, thank you for your response to my comment. I have been with you since you had a few subscribers to the channel. I knew that the number of subscribers would reach thousands and will millions. Good luck.@@jkzero
@@enricobianchi4499😅 I will try
@@omargaber3122 thanks sticking from the beginning, explosions and nuclear weapons wsa a topic that I always wanted to cover just because I find the physics involved fascinating; however, to be honest I have always been hooked by the early times, I never followed the late developments of the super and beyond.
I read a book way back then, called, "An Idiot's Guide to Understanding Einstein"
The author suggested that, it was actually Einstein who appreciated quantum and made measurable predictions.
Your video shows that
I would fully agree with the statement on your book. Einstein is always portrayed as a quantum-hater but, as I hope I made clear using his own papers, that is far from the truth. And this is not my opinion, I am just analyzing the facts on his papers
He wasn't even a quantum hater, he just pointed out that it is not logically possible to define quantum mechanics as anything but a theory of weakly emergent properties of ensembles of systems, and any attempt to go beyond this requires adding additional metaphysical assumptions which don't exist in the mathematics but are just arbitrarily assumed and tacked onto quantum mechanics. People these days conflate metaphysical constructions around quantum mechanics, such as collapsing probability waves or cats that can be both dead and alive simulatenously, as literally equivalent to the mathematics of quantum theory itself and to deny it is being a "quantum-hater." Einstein just tears this to shreds and points out you cannot speak of the state of individual systems without making metaphysical assumptions which are not entailed in the actual mathematics of the theory, and so he was dubious of these kinds of metaphysical stories that go beyond what quantum mechanics actually is, especially when many of them don't even make any coherent sense.
Einstein was still right on this, but people sweep it under the rug and pretend like somehow Bell's theorem proves him wrong, when all Bell's theorem shows is that Einstein's hope of a hidden variable theory without nonseparability likely cannot work. Einstein was not opposed to nonlocality per se, but nonseparability, which he viewed nonseparability as an inevitable consequence of nonlocality. The EPR paper never even discusses locality, only separability. His concern with nonseparability was that it goes against the principles of reductionism, and he argued that he was not sure how the physical sciences could proceed if you could not even in principle isolate systems from one another. I only point out this distinction because I'm not really sure superdeterminism even addresses Einstein's concerns, as superdeterminism requires you to assume nonseparability as well.
However, even prior to Bell's theorem, there were people who agreed with Einstein's philosophical interpretation of quantum mechanics but disagreed with is belief in separability. An obvious example of Dmitry Blokhintsev who criticized Einstein's paper where he explains why he believes in the principle of locality, arguing it is on shaky philosophical grounds, and Blokhintsev also insisted we should just accept the universe will appear fundamentally random on the smallest scales of individual particles. Despite this, he still endorsed Einstein's interpretation of quantum mechanics not being about individual systems but about weakly emergent properties from ensembles of systems. A contemporary physicist. Anthony Rizzi also in a similar way wrote a paper endorsing Einstein's interpretation while rejecting separability in response to the PBR theorem.
People who don't actually understand Bell's theorem or what Einstein actually wrote like to lump Einstein's hope that we might one day have a theory that replaces quantum mechanics with his interpretation of quantum mechanics. Even Einstein was open to the idea that maybe we could never isolate a fundamental cause and the universe was random, but only argued that this was not proven so it was still reasonable to search for a cause. People act like Bell's theorem, because it disproved Einstein's hope for a hidden variable theory with separability, that his whole philosophical interpretation of quantum mechanics has apparently been "debunked," even though it is just as correct today as ever, and if only more people understood what Einstein was trying to say, there would be a lot less confusion around quantum mechanics.
Yes, Special Relativity. Thank you.
another vote for relativity
this channel will have 100k in a few weeks
let's make that happen!
Excellent.
thanks, glad you liked it
I'm learning about thermodynamics right now and it's kinda mind blowing just how far that theory can be taken considering it was simply developed to make better steam engines.
Edit: Have you ever considered making videos about thermodynamics?
I am glad you find the content of interest, I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.
I would suggest that you keep learning more about it. Eventually you will notice just how many fundamental problems it has. Yes, it works for steam engines and it works, by chance, for certain types of quantum systems. But if you stop learning now you will never understand just how problematic the assumptions are that thermodynamics is based on.
Very interesting video.
A black and white photo where you see your bones is called a "Röntgen foto" in The Netherlands.
Thanks, and thanks for sharing. I was so happy to see a large portrait of Röntgen in the waiting room of the hospital. Other viewers wrote below that in Denmark, Russia, Sweden, and the Netherlands they also use this name.
If you have not seen it, you might enjoy the new textbook by Golub and Lamoreaux. Like you, they work to explain the developments in quantum mechanics with a heavy interest in the history of exactly how it originally was created.
thanks for the reference, I was not aware of this textbook, I will check it out
16:59 Important point, we all learned wrongly in school that 1905 Einstein paper was about photoelectric effect.
I am glad you value that point, I find it annoying when someone says "in this paper Einstein solved the photoelectric effect" when you only need to read the paper to see that the photoelectric effect is only one section of a way more important paper
Thanks that' enough for a coffee, strudel and a bagel
Your continuous support is much appreciated. I will make sure to add a strudel to the coffee and bagel from last time while I edit the next video, which I am already scripting. Thanks again and greeting from the other side of the globe.
More videos!
Very exact presentation of Albert and his genius application in physics.
He is who shown us the doing trick with Physics and makes Mathamatcs a reliable tool for nature .
Albert Einstein was another of Max Planck's discoveries.
Planck got Einstein's "foot in the door".
Planck saw in disbelief how Einstein took his energy quantization and went overboard with it, just like Einstein later saw the new generation: Heisenberg, de Broglie, and Pauli going overboard with the new quantum mechanics
@@jkzero "Look at what these crazy kids are doing!"
@@douglasstrother6584 same vibes
Not just German, in The Netherlands its also called röntgen straling
Fantastic! I was so happy to see a large portrait of Röntgen in the waiting room of the hospital. Another viewer wrote below that in Russia they also use this name. Thanks for sharing.
Xrays are also called røntgen billeder (roentgen images) to this day in denmark.
Fantastic! I was so happy to see a large portrait of Röntgen in the waiting room of the hospital. Other viewers wrote below that in Russia and the Netherlands they also use this name. Thanks for sharing.
Rumors say that video about physics theory from future will be uploaded within this year.
Wow! This is the explanation I've been looking for! I have never understood the jump from Planck assuming quantized energy to how it solves the ultraviolet crisis commonly stated in textbooks. Not to discredit the impact of Planck's contribution, but why do I always find his long, physically intensive curve-fitting success before Einstein's relatively simple explanation?
I am glad you found the content of value. I believe that in hindsight all the ideas and calculations seem so simple, but the conceptual jumps to get there is what makes these ideas and equations so valuable.
The two experiments are completely independent. Planck finds quantization on emission. Einstein finds quantization on absorption. There are several problems with Planck's theoretical explanation that can not be fixed at this level of insight, but they don't matter for the final result. Equally Einstein got at least one major thing wrong in his photoelectric paper, but it also didn't matter historically. That's just how science works: by iteration. The ultimate solution to all of this wouldn't be known until roughly 1949. One should probably say that it took well into the 1950s and 1960s to sort much of this out in detail. It's just a very complicated problem.
I have always searched for this type of videos. I love to know the background story behind the concepts of physics & math. Keep shining bright. Waiting for the next video
I am totally with you. As a physics student I learned the solutions to the problems of the time but I remember that the lack of context and details was quite unsatisfactory. I decided to dig deeper, read parts of the original papers, and I decided to share the details and get the record straight. I think that the story gets even more fascinating. The follow-up with experiments is also quite interesting. Coming soon.
This was a fascinating video. It illustrates Einstein's genius. He not only read existing physics literature but fully internalized it and arrived at the only possible conclusion: light must have the ability to act as a particle. I often think that all the tools exist for dark matter and energy and it just requires the right person to internalize all of it and create a new way to view the problem.
Thanks, I am glad you liked the video. I try to stay from team Einstein lovers and team Einstein haters, I thing the guy was brilliant and by today's standard could have won half a dozen of Nobel Prizes. His contributions were remarkable and his insights revolutionary. But also, instead of my opinion, I present the facts from the papers that anyone can go a read to make these stories more compelling.
Light doesn't act as a particle. Einstein got that part completely wrong. It's almost 120 years later... no need for you to repeat his mistake endlessly.
Relativity was proposed by Poincaire before Einstein.
You might like to comment on Einstein as the father of tye laser. That paper was simple and brilliant.
Dont forget that de Broglie only got his PhD thesis because Einstein loved the idea.
The list goes on and on
I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.
Please cover Einstein's paper on special relativity!
another vote for Einstein's special relativity paper, noted and it will likely come in the near future