Countries That CREATE New Capital Cities (from scratch!)
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- čas přidán 25. 06. 2024
- This video is all about countries that have not only moved their capital cities, but actually CREATED new capital cities entirely from scratch! They're planned capital cities, which were designed with the intention of being ideal administrative cities and homes for the country's government officials, civil servants, and international diplomats. Planned capitals are typically successful as administrative centers, but in many cases tend to be dull and lack the vibrancy of naturally occurring capital cities.
In this video I talk about the examples of Brasilia (Brazil), Islamabad (Pakistan), Nusantara (Indonesia), a so far unnamed capital of Egypt, and Ciudad de la Paz (Equatorial Guinea).
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Writer: James Watson
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Belmopan, Belize is another good example, especially considering why it was built (Belize City took a lot of hurricane damage in 1961).
For those wondering, Hurricane Hattie almost wiped out Belize City in 1961 as a category 4 major hurricane
Two other problems often mentioned when discussing Brasilia are:
1. After the city was built, there were not many jobs left for the people who moved there to build it (I mean, it's a city whose whole purpose is to house the brazilian national political powers and not much else), so it ended up surrounded by cities littered with poverty.
2. Because it's so far from the coast, where most of the brazilian population is located (about 75% of the population live less than 500km from the coast, while Brasilia is located at least almost 900km from the coast; although obviously Brasilia is closer than Rio to some places), so it makes it harder for the population to press any political issue.
Also, imho, the notion that it helps reduce the country's dependency on the São Paulo-Rio axis is kinda backwards, because it is still the economic center of the country after ~60 years and it shows no sign of going anywhere, but now it's too far removed (at least geographically) from the political center. Although it seems Brasilia has a bit of an economic importance of its own nowadays (apart from the whole "it's where our tax money goes" thing).
Brasilia's weather is a fire hazard during Summer, as the vegetation from the well-known Cerrado tends to ignite spontaneously. Brasilia also lack decent public transportation, making nearly impossible to go around the city without a car. The city also isn't walkable at all, lots of streets are more like roads, and bicycles have no chance against cars due to lack of infrastructure.
Now add up a twisted slogan like *50 years of debt in 5* and there you have it!
This speech about "it's harder for the population to press any political issue" is just bullshit. It makes no sense. Brasília is not "far away" from the people. It's CLOSER to the people. It's about the same distance from all the regions of the country. It's the old capital, Rio, that was far way from the Brazilian people that did not live in the southeast. Brazil is not just the southeast. And the construction of Brasília recognizes that. It has 3 million people, and 1 million more on the metropolitan area (Entorno). How can you say it's far from the people??? Also Goiânia and Belo Horizonte, two huge metropolitan areas, are close enough to be called neighbouring capital cities. And today, with communication being at real time, with internet, physical distance means nothing.
The biggest problem is its spaciousness, based on the ideals of modernist urbanism that were proven wrong. A city has to have the right density to be walkable and needs to be walkable to be alive
I love how 500km is considered close to the sea in Brazil. I grew up 60km from the closest seafront in the north of France and I wouldn't have said I was living close to the sea.
@@mercenaryforhire3453 same for me (30km from sea) 😢
Indonesian here. I really hope the new city is modelled after European cities. Tightly packed yet lively and a high level of walkability. Don't make it a sprawling city like in most of North America where you need a car to get around. I also hope it has excellent public transport system because one of the reason that traffic in Jakarta became so bad is that it used to have very bad public transport system. MRT and TransJakarta busses helped it a bit but considering the population, it needs much more.
Also I hope the new capital has trams because trams are fun.
Thank you, I'm glad to see this sentiment here. As someone who lives in the US and is set on leaving for somewhere else, the North American car-centric way of urban planning is garbage, and nobody should ever follow it. I really hope more people like yourself speak up in Indonesia to make sure that Nusantara is an actually good city, and not just a soulless, sprawled out wasteland akin to Houston. Sorry if it's weird for me to say this.
@@dandarr5035 don't worry, it isn't weird at all. New generations don't want to be car-dependent and it's great to find people who like commuting by other means like bikes or public transportation.
So, it turns out European lifestyle is what people of overcrowded Asian cities dream of... What a damn surprise
Hear, hear!
As a fellow Indonesian (and a devoted follower of Not Just Bikes), I wholeheartedly agree with your sentiment. I hope we can learn from our former colonist about building walkable and human-centered cities.
However, reading the news about this new capital city, I'm quite sceptical that it will be anything close to Dutch cities. Everything about it feels just so gimmicky.
@@AndreiBerezin Our cities may be overcrowded but we do love the freedom of being able to walk for like 5 minutes to get snacks or 15 to 20 minutes to do grocery shopping, go to a restaurant, go to a barber, or take a train to explore the city. We learnt to love being able to walk almost everywhere we want because we learnt that motor vehicles *are* the traffic.
In South Africa our "capital city" is split across three cities namely cape town ( houses parliament), Pretoria ( administrative capital) & Bloemfontein (judicial capital)
Glad to see this channel active again! I had almost forgotten about it. I am surprised that South Korea was not mentioned here. For over a decade South Korea has slowly been building up Sejong City and shifting government jobs there from crowded Seoul. The new President is very supportive of this move and and it seems likely that the capital will officially changed some time within this decade. In general I am a fan of moving capitals out of overly crowded and expensive coastal cities to more central locations so I am happy to see this trend continue.
but what are the plans for the moment north korea collapses and korean reunification happens?
Hi Paul, you should do a video on the capitals of Kazakhstan - it's actually fascinating as well!
During the Russian time, the Finnish capital has moved from Turku to Helsinki in 1812. Though Helsinki has been founded already in 1550. Helsinki have been only a small city before it has come the Finnish capital. Greetings from Finland!:-) Terveisiä Suomesta!:-)
Myanmar's capital move from Yangoon to purpose-built Naypyidaw is one of the worst examples of this. A soulless empty city designed and built to keep the political/military power of the country segregated from everybody else.
Nice video!
I have read that in Naypyidaw, people are required to live in apartment buildings with roofs the same color as the government buildings in which they work. Don’t know if it’s true.
Also, the "reasons" that they moved the capital to Naypyidaw are dumb, to say the least.
Some say it's because of high population density, even though Yangon isn't even in the top 50 most densely populated cities. Some say it's because Naypyidaw is located in a more central location, although why would you move away from a large city located near the ocean, which allows ease of access & quick transportation of goods?
Are you an OBF Fan?
@@spaghettiisyummy.3623 Wouldn't call myself a fan but I watch some of his videos depending on the topics. Good channel. As a geography nerd I knew about Naypyidaw long ago, but OBF's video just came at the right time.
@@spaghettiisyummy.3623 Yes.
It is really interesting video, i think Ankara is also has succesful and interesting history(from İstanbul to Ankara).
while it's not commonly thought of in these lists, Washington DC is a planned capital city built from scratch.
if you're going to build a new capital city, it seems to me you should focus on just planning the core administrative center and then just plan out a grid of streets for the rest and let it grow as it will. if you over plan it, you run the risk of suffocating it or making mistakes along the way.
In my opinion, the three most important aspects of a successful capital city are:
1. Walkability
2. Bikeability
3. Public transportation
Any capital city that fails on the above points ends up being a congested car-centric mess, which seems to be what most of the recent capital city replacements are supposedly trying to solve. Make a city people-centric rather than car-centric, and character and charm will follow automagically. My favorite cities in that regard are mostly Dutch and Scandinavian, but that's hopefully just a travel bias - which ones have I missed in the rest of the world?
Canberra, I don’t live there personally but my dad grew up there also if you have not know it’s in Australia (pronounced Can-bruh).
Being a Malaysian, I like my country's approach. Malaysia moved only the administrate center (Putrajaya), not the whole city. On top of that, it also simultaneously built two other centers, the technology (read Silicon-Valley like) technopreneur city (Cyberjaya)and a new air transport hub (KLIA). All of them are close to the main city Kuala Lumpur which remains as the commerce and financial center of the nation.
those 3 points are nonsense if it's not well managed. Jakarta Indonesia actually have many public transportation, keep increasing, but still not enough to reduce congestion. commuter train already full, bus rapid transit system which is cheap (around $0.24, even $0.14 before 7 am) and could go anywhere as long as we don't pass the exit gate of each bus stop, that's already full, MRT train, LRT train..
Sounds cool but remember some disabled people still need cars for movement
@@NimiMariam Yes, and police, firefighters, and ambulance crews won’t be taking the train either. A city that is built for non-car travel will have more space on the roads for those purposes than one that isn’t.
Didn't Kazakhstan also move their capital from Almaty to Astana, then renamed it Nur-Sultan? I think that may be another example of a country moving the capital to a planned city.
They moved the capital from Almaty to a place next to a small village called Akmola and called it Astana in 1997. The name was only changed in 2019 when the president Nursultan Nazarbayev decided to retire.
Renaming the city was a bad idea
@@2712animefreak Akmola was not at all a village but rather a big industrial center
@@2712animefreak The city of Tselinograd (Akmola , Astana, Nursultan) in 1960s. Is it a small village? Russians and other peoples of the USSR built it in 1950s. It was a big center. It is very common here on this site to diminish and humiliate and falsificate the soviet period
@@mike20809 Tselinograd was a centre in its oblast in Russian Empire and was named Akmolinsk, in Kazakh SSR it was renamed to Tselinograd. In 1991-1999 It was named as Akmola.
Thank you for the video! I hope that this channel will become more popular. You are worth of more of popularity.
Another great example is Canberra, Australia's capital, that was built over a century ago so that the capital would be between the two major cities Sydney and Melbourne and has its own state, the Australian Capital Territory. I think it's succeeded in its purpose but others say it's a dreary town.
New Zealand has had three seats of government in it's relatively short history. From 1840 the settlement of Okiato in the Bay of Islands was chosen as the capital. However, a year later the capital was moved to Auckland. The seat of government remained until 1865, when it was moved to it's current location in Wellington at the southern end of the North Island.
There is a slight issue with Wellington being located in the centre of a major seismic fault line, so perhaps consideration maybe given to moving the capital again.
There are only 2 areas in New Zealand which are relatively safe from earthquakes, otago and auckland northwards. If you remove volcanic risk that only leaves Dunedin as a geologically stable area of the country. That being said, people use to think Christchurch was safe until 2011.
I'm from Indonesia. At first I didn't like the name of the new capital. Now, it grows on me. But, some people thought that if the capital moves, it means the entire population of Jakarta will be moved there too (Basically turns Jakarta into a ghost town, which is totally insane)
Itu siapa yang bikin hoax kayak gitu ya?
@@Anindyatejo i don't think it's a hoax, it's more of stupidity and bad logic
menurut ku bukan hoax sih, lebih ke kebodohan dan logika yang lemah
@@Anindyatejo it's not a hoax, people are just stupid
@@Anindyatejo mereka gak bisa mikir, dikiranya semua populasi jakarta bakal pindah, lagian walau ibukota pindah, jakarta bakal tetap jadi kota bisnis, seperti amerika ibukotanya washington tapi kota bisnisnya new york, dan china kota bisnisnya shanghai dan ibukotanya beijing. Jadi pemindahan ibukota itu sebenarnya penting mengingta pulau jawa sangat padat tetapi kecil, dan kalimantan sendiri besar tetapi penduduk gak sebesar jawa, dan juga akan membuat inovasi dan pembangunan gak terfokus di pulau jawa saja.
Sama kayak pas UK keluar dari uni eropa. Ada orang yg mikir karena keluar dr uni eropa artinya UK juga keluar dr benua eropa. Saking bodohnya mungkin dibayangan orang-orang itu negaranya bkl langsung pindah lokasi kali.
I’m really enjoying your videos.
I’m learning a lot
Thank you 😊
Very good explanation
Great video!
I like the Dutch solution: the capital is Amsterdam as a historical und cultural core of the country but the government seats in den Haag
Like Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, Malaysia. And Putrajaya is also a planned city from scratch.
Though, in my opinion, that makes what "capital" even means kind of nebulous if for the case of the Netherlands it's just... an important city with nothing else to distinguish it from any other at the administrative level aside from a law saying it is so.
Wow that is real fact sir we gonna move now! 😁
Greetings from Indonesia sir 🇮🇩
Fascinating vid Paul, cheers.
My pleasure, I'm glad you liked it!
Fun fact Cairo has been the 2nd longest capital city of Egypt, only behind Alexandria.
Imagine moving the capital of the Philippine from Metro Manila to the province of Marinduque, due to its central location.
I like this new type of content from you, so would like to see more. 🙂
Nusantara, the new capital of Indonesia is actually located around the area where one of the first kingdoms in the archipelago was established - Kutai.
Before the age of kingdoms they were tribal societies right?
@@ankokunokayoubi sort of yeah: some parts of the archipelago were still tribal at the time the Europeans came. Some areas formed tribal confederations.
Great video, Paul, you have selected a very interesting topic!
I've never been to any of these cities, so I can't be entirely sure, but what most of them appear to lack is day-to-day liveability.
Building grandly, with much open space and huge green area is good, but are these areas actually "usable"? Can government employees walk the parks during lunch breaks or after work? Are the residential areas build as real neighbourhoods would, with children's playgrounds, gyms, schools, shopping streets, etc.? Are they "alive"?
As a middle-aged person, I no longer care much about night-life, but quality of life to me is paramount.
Interesante vídeo. Gracias 👍
Fascinating video! Washington DC and Canberra, Australia were the two I was most familiar with. I know Canberra was a compromise, being halfway between Sydney and Melbourne. Canberra is considered the be a very un-fun, sterile city.
Indonesian here, Nusantara actually will be between 2 cities. Balikpapan, the big city in East Kalimantan province (you explained) and Samarinda, the capital of East Kalimantan province. Nearest airports are in both cities.
Thanks for covering this interesting topic of new capital cities in our world. 🙂👍🏻
Thank you for saying "Kalimantan" instead of "Borneo".
the most important thing of a capital city is having an university. if you have an university then you will attract young people, night clubs and investors.
Maybe do an episode two where you talk about Kazakhstan moving their capital from Almaty (former Alma-Ata) to Nursultan (former Astana) and the USA moving their capital from Philadelphia to Washington…
I came to see if you'd mention Brasília and it was the first one you mentioned, nice
Almost only examples of success are Ankara, turkey and Brazil, Brazil. Ankara was builded in late 1920s early 1930s and now the second largest city, Brazil is also growing really fast. They aren't like Myanmar's capital:D
So how does Ankara have Roman temples and different animals named after it. Lemme check on Wikipedia - "Serving as the capital of the ancient Celtic state of Galatia (280-64 BC), and later of the Roman province with the same name (25 BC-7th century), the city is very old, with various Hattian, Hittite, Lydian, Phrygian, Galatian, Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman archeological sites. The Ottomans made the city the capital first of the Anatolia Eyalet (1393 - late 15th century) and then the Angora Vilayet (1867-1922). " So definitely not a new city.
@@mobo7420 that wasn't in the exact location of modern day Ankara, it is in the borders of Ankara but it isn't really Ankara. Modern Ankara was a small village in 1920s. But yes it wasn't really founded since there existed a small village. Though that village isn't near any single antic temple
indonesia has a beautiful design for nusantara, i hope it doesn't disappoint. the winning design is called nagara rimba nusa and i have it as my desktop background :>
And corrupted
@@andrewj3177 i don't want to be a pessimist but imo that is impossible in a country like indonesia
To me the main reason is spaciousness in the sense of starting the urbanization planing from scratch in conjuction with the actual challenges (avoiding traffic jam, air pollution, the car dependency, ecological concerns, etc.) Sure it lacks the charming imperfection of an old city but it's way easier than having to destroy entire blocks like Hausmann in Paris or having to redo centuries-old zoning, sewage, energy distribution, buildings and parks.
Really enjoyed watching 😁
I have a favour that if u wish pls do about Port City Colombo, Sri Lanka which is a city made from scratch in India Ocean 😁👀♥️
As a government worker in east Indonesia, our headquarters office is one of the first group for moving to New capital like president office and ministry finance etc. As a branch employee, I'm happy if headquarters isn't in jakarta.
I really enjoy this straight to the point format, not a single second of this video feels wasted. Keep the good work.
Safety is a very important feature of capital cities, if Kyiv had fallen during the invasion there would be no free Ukraine today. Most capitals tho only rely on their central location for safety, otherwise they are usually located on vast plains without any natural defences.
Good one
Egyptians already call Cairo Masr (Egypt). And there is already a New Masr (new Egypt) nearby , so that won’t work. Needs a new name.
Man, I have seen three new things for me as a non-native speaker: two of them are the following words. 1) scratch: it's wonderfully but I note it often in the last some days; 2) contiguous: I read about contiguous states of America on Wikipedia; and 3) capital of New Guinea Malabo on the island of Bioko: I also read Wikipage dedicated to the island and the capital. Three especial notes and a lot of info from the video: hmm, good.
Just my thought: Cairo is such a significant historical name they should call the new capital New Cairo, like India did with New Delhi. I'm glad you did this as I had a huge interest in this topic and loved the idea of Brasilia I'm High School in the early 80s, but yes it seems too car centric for today's lifestyle. Canberra I'm Australia is another example. I think Washington DC is an ideal capital with a manicured government area in The National Mall and a Parisian style city with uniform building heights to minimize crowding and plenty of urban living and nightlife opportunities throughout, not to mention one of the nicest and effective subway systems in the world. As an architect I hope to see Brasilia someday as I love Oscar Niemeyer's work especially the cathedral.
There is already a 'new cairo' to the east of cairo.
Cairo 2: Electric Boogaloo.
@@SomeSpicyBanana HA! Well since there's already a New Cairo, sure why not?
@@mimzim7141 So it should be New New Cairo
New New Cairo maybe
As an Indonesian I hope the new capital will be bike friendly and not car centric, I hope it's like the Netherlands, lmao the irony
I think car and motorbike should not be allowed in the new capital city
I think a capital city should locate in a densely populated area to serve its function as the center of culture and economy. That is why most projects to relocate capitals into the middle of nowhere dont work very well.
To quickly develope an sparsely populated area, we can just make it into some kind of special economic zone, like they do with shenzen china.
funfact : china has moved their capital city from nanking (nanjing) to peking (beijing) at 1949
Cairo is often called Masr (Egypt) by the locals. There will be even more confusion lol.
Cool video
Thanks!
@@GEOfocusChannel No problem, it was very interesting
You just Gained a subscriber , please do Dominican Republic 🇩🇴🙌🏽
Thanks
I think an important point for a capital city is for the population/nation to be able to identify with it. It needs some historical importance. Take Paris or Rome as some extreme examples. Or Germany, which has made Berlin its capital again after reunification. That is something that a city built from scratch totally misses out on. But maybe, if the idea of a new city excites the people and they share a unified vision of it, then maybe this can serve the same purpose. One can also make a distinction between the capital city (of symbolic and historical importance) and the city where the government and administration are located, which has more of a practical value. Take Egypt as an example. Maybe they should just make a governmental city and leave Cairo as the capital. The governmental city doesn't need to be so big. It could start small and grow over time, which would also reduce the problem of planning gone wrong.
I think that state governments should try to develop depressed areas and small cities into dynamic regions with enough servicies and population demands to atract all the excess of population from megacities. Megacities have happened to exist but it doesn't mean it's good, but the other way around. I think a country should focus on spread its population to avoid problems such as pollution, service collapse, etc., strengh regional and local economic centers and connect them. After all, the capital city is just where most intitution seats are placed, which have low economic impact in big countries, and the improtant things should be providing basic servicies to the population and keep a bare minimum economic activity. States don't need big capital cities or making new ones when the current one has unsolvable problems, they need to plan an economic and service net across the country acording to their needs.
Brasilia is a great place to live, much better than Sao Paulo or Rio de Janeiro. You just have to know how to enjoy it!
I have a slightly fringe viewpoint that the United States should move their capital from DC to St Louis.
St Louis has historical relevance in the USA's expansion westward.
It's at the heart of the Mississippi watershed, the lungs of the USA
It's a heck of a lot more central
While still having navigable river access to the ocean, it's a lot more in-land aka more defensible in times of war.
Also St. Louis was founded by my ancestor :)
Have a nice … day !!! 😁👍
Langfocus... 😊👍
i wonder if equatorial guinea's move was also inspired by an attempt to move it away from it's post colonial past, that history has been.... turbulent to say the least
According to Geography King, when a US State capital also has a university, those cities are successful. So they should build their best university in their new capital.
Columbus in Ohio is an excellent example of that - it's the capital of Ohio *and* is home to the Ohio State University. I lived there for two years and my sister has been there for 8 years now.
the most important aspect for city : economic activity, after that : well planned for human & nature behavior.
Because if you want move the capital city away from crowds, you just escaping for the citizen interaction, just like myanmar.
I see my last name 😉
You overlooked Canberra, capital city of Australia. Designed from scratch away from Sydney and Melbourne in 1913. In those 109-10 years it is the seat of government and has 400,000+ inhabitants. It's full of art galleries, a major university, libraries and museums.
Yes, I'm not sure how you can make a video on this subject and miss out on Canberra.
And it's a dump
United States moved also its capital to Washington DC
Washington DC and Saint Petersburg would have been an interesting historical addition to this video
3:04 and the name is revealed to be Nusantara, which will be inaugurated this year (17/08/2024)
Something not mentioned in this video is an additional reason to shift the capital of Indonesia from Jakarta to Nusantara...Kalimantan/Borneo is geologically much more stable than Java, much less likelihood of destructive earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Please subtitle Indonesia bro 😀❤️🇮🇩
new cities to the east of cairo and to the west of giza had some success, but they are yet to be successful as planned. new cairo has a population of 2.5 millions now and the 6th of October 1.5 million
I wish my country Indonesia all the best. We know that big projects are not free from obstacles, esp. after seeing the impacts of Russian-Ukrainian War. Hopefully, the next presidents can continue the construction.
I knew that Indonesia is planning on creating a new capital in Borneo but I am surprised at the name they picked. I was thinking that the term "Nusantara" is synonymous with Indonesia itself since I see that term from time to time referring to the whole archipelago so I was thinking that they would give their new capital something else.
Yeah, I was surprised by that too.
But you must know the first of name.. The full name is IKN Nusantara
IKN Nusantara its can meaning The Capital City Of The Nusantara
You’re right. If you look up the word in the Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language, the name “Nusantara” actually means “the Indonesian Archipelago” in Bahasa Indonesia. It’s confusing, but in Indonesian the complete name can actually mean “The Capital of Nusantara” although it’s not certain if that’s really what the peeps at the government thought when they were deciding the name.
The name actually has Sanskrit roots
One of the thing that I noticed from these newly built capital, is that they're moving from coastal city (Rio, Karachi, Lagos, Yangon) to (far) inland city (Brasilia, Islamabad, Abuja, Naypyidaw). There's a reason why these coastal city is super crowded and in turn becoming capital city and main business area, access to ocean and sea trade route. Hopefully Indonesia's new capital city will not become another deserted capital city, since it's still have access to the sea.
Indonesia is very much a maritime nation. A vast majority of its people travel across the country by ferry. It'd be more than absurd if its capital is inland!
Brasília is not a desert city.
@@antoniopedrovargas9715 you didn't know the meaning of DESERTED? Then you're Not native speaker of English lingo
As of today the new capital under construction of Egypt is referred as New Cairo. Calling it Misr (Egypt) sounds quite weird because it's the name of the Cairo we know, the already capital of Egypt. I know it's called Al Qahira in arabic but when you talk to Egyptians they all call it Misr, it's been this way since I've been in Egypt for the first time 35 years ago and it's still the same the last time I went down there two months ago.
But there is already a city called “New Cairo”, which is in Greater Cairo.
@@GEOfocusChannel Ok now I see what you mean, the zone where they are building the new capital is adjacent to New Cairo, I thought it was gonna be part of it. Ok they really don't have yet a name for it :D
There must be jobs, enough transport, good planning, safety. There should be a limit to number of people living in the city.
In many countries, the capital just happens to be the largest city. And there can various reasons for that, often good trade location. Berlin for example is close to the border, is economically insignificant (it actually requires subsidies from other states), and is neither in a central location nor close to the sea. But it was the center of the Prussians, who were instrumental in uniting the German states, so I guess out of historical laziness, it stayed the capital. Frankfurt am Main would make more sense, since it's central and the banking center. Hamburg is at the sea, among the three largest cities, and awesome. Munich is a bit too far away I guess, also they do have an own identity that sometimes clashes with the overall country.
Putrajaya, Malaysia
Hey it's him from Langfocus channel
Yes, this is my other channel.
In the 1980's the Argentine government considered moving the capital from Buenos Aires to Viedma, in Rio Negro province in Patagonian region in the south. It never caught any traction and then plan was abandoned. A large part of the reason was the typical response of Argentines of "Donde mierda queda Viedma?"
Also, on a few occasions in the late 1860s and early 1870s when Argentina was starting to receive many European immigrants and to develop into a more modern economy (which would implode starting in the 1950s or so), Rosario (up the Parana River a bit in the interior) was declared the national capital but that was vetoed each time. Buenos Aires thus remains the capital to this day.
You should include putrajaya malaysia
You didn't mention Myanmar. I believe they are / will move their capital from Yangon to a new city.
they did in 2005. he doesn't have to mention all examples.
A lot of these cities are built in a way where they look good from bird's eye view but are absolutely unlivable in reality.
IKN from Indonesia will join the Hall of Shame of failed capital city.
Notable mention is Ankara by the way i think you should've mentioned it
the city is over 2000 years old though, not built from scratch! I've been there and they have Roman temples.
Missed a historical classic, Washington DC.
Yes, there are others. I had a couple more recorded but cut them from the final video because it got too bloated.
@@GEOfocusChannel If Canberra was one of them (or Washington for that matter) I'd love to see a bloat outtakes video :)
@@PineappleSkip Canberra wasn't one of them.
Going to the trouble of editing and producing an outtakes video usually isn't worth it (for me and the channel). It's better to keep moving.
Canberra is a great city. It is well designed and very green. However it too close to Sydney and too far from Perth. Then again, where would it be? The interior is far too arid. Alice Springs is central, but lacks the water to sustain a large population.
I’d like to see “no such thing as big government owned and operated capital cities”
*_Nusantara..._*
🇮🇩❤️🇮🇩
United States moved capitals from New York City to Philadelphia to currently Washington, DC
Until now I pronounced the Capital of the Ivory Coast as ""Yamossakaro""...
That makes so much sense now.
In Baoule language the pronouciation is [ jamsokʁo] The former village where the new capital was built was N'Gokro. The Yamoussoukro (that means village of Yamoussou in Baoule language) name was given in honour of Yamousso, Queen in 1901 of the Baoule Tribe and aunt of Dia Houphouët, medecine doctor, planter and trade union official which was renamed after 1945 when he becomes french deputy as Felix Houphouët-Boigny, first president of the Ivory Coast till his death (1960-1993) former Ivory Coast Republic Prime Minister(1959-1960), former mayor of Abidjan (1956-1960), former president of the Ivory Coast Assembly (1953-1959), former Minister of French Governments (1956-1961), and one of the co-writers of the Vth French Republic constitution of 1958.
I think the most important thing for a capital city is the image it has to the outside world.
Berlin for example gives Germany a way different feel than it actually has.
No German needs to go to Berlin unless they want to get rid of the clowns trying to derail the country there.
But people from outside, especially politicians and diplomats, basically only really get to know that part of the country.
Berlin is not even a good example for a capital city, because I think a capital city should be like a demo version of the country itself in pretty much all regards.
Maybe that's just my way of thinking about it.
Let's face it the only reason Berlin is the capital is historical, since it happened to be the capital of Prussia the dominant German state until 1945. The city doesn't hold much prestige in Germany and is as close as you can get to a failed state within the German borders. In short it's a shit city and we might as well have kept Bonn.
Couldn't agree more.
@@neues3691 Bonn is way too provincial. Good candidates would have been Frankfurt am Main, Köln, or Hamburg. (I'm from neither of these cities)
All of these are important. But what really important is good services. Such as medical service.
Putting Indonesia in the thumbnail, clever!
At first it had Indonesia, Egypt, and Brazil, but it was too messy, so I decided to show just one country and add myself to the image. I thought about using Egypt, but the new capital is too close to Cairo, so the arrow wasn’t visible in the thumbnail.
@@GEOfocusChannel By the way, I personally disagree with the name "Nusantara". Imagine a country in southeastern europe change their capital name into " Balkan". I prefer something like "Majapahit" Tbh
Yeah, it seems a bit confusing to me. Though I think “Nusantara” is a cool alternate name for Indonesia, or for an Indonesia-Malaysia-Brunei-Singapore union (like the E.U.).
Yep should rename as New Nusantara like a New Mexico in US
You missed talking about Kazakhstan! They moved their capital from Almaty to the planned capital of Astana (Nur-Sultan) back in the late 90s.
Yeah, that's another good example. I just didn't want the video to be too long.
He has another channel?
Yes, he does.
Other countries: Build new capital cities for them to be safe, organized and beautiful.
Germany (after reunification): Relocates government to... Berlni, which of all German larger cities is the exact opposite🤣
Paul: Indonesians are very vocal
As you said. I personally don't like the name. Nusantara is more fit for a country name than a city name. But that's only my opinion. Many would disagree with me
Many would agree with you. I do. I was appalled when they announced the future capital's name. To name a city with a big and heavy name such as Nusantara feels like a very burdening thing to do. It will erase that name's ancient importance.
Egypt also bro
It’s in the video.
Well I hope Nusantara will be built better off than its design, faster and greener
I think what is the most important part of a capital is self sufficient by the capital itself
👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
Nobody seems to remember that South Korea is doing this too!
I mentioned it briefly in my video about South Korea.
City = all in walking distance or by cheap p.t. easy to find work and housing