Jewish Streams Re-Explained (a Response to
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0:00 Intro
0:45 Edot
2:14 “Streams” vs. “Sects”
3:51 First Temple Judaism
4:54 Elephantine Judaism
5:32 Second Temple Judaism
6:11 Samaritanism
7:31 Pharisees and Sadducees
9:33 Essenes
10:12 Hillelists and Shammaists
10:54 Zealots and Early Christianity
11:27 Post-Temple Antiquity
13:54 Eastern and Western Judaism
15:10 Haymanot
16:21 Karaite Judaism
17:21 Epikursim
17:59 The Maimonidean Controversy
19:08 The Shulhan Aruch
21:12 Jewish Secularism
22:19 Sabbateanism
23:25 The Ramhal
24:11 Hasidim and Mitnagdim
26:00 The Haskalah
27:19 Reform and Modern Orthodox Judaism
27:58 Radical Reform
28:58 Conservative Judaism
29:42 Reconstructionist Judaism
30:34 Jewish Renewal
![[柴犬ASMR]曼玉Manyu&小白Bai 毛发护理Spa asmr](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/0TsXQ7z2Dh4/mqdefault.jpg)
1. *UsefulCharts for Jewish history!* usefulcharts.com/collections/sam-aronow?aff=18
Don't worry, my regular videos are returning very soon!
2. I didn't include Humanistic Judaism, as Matt did, because I judged it not to be so much a stream as an organized form of Jewish secularism.
2. The American taboo against tattoos is more complicated than I made it sound. It is true that Jewish law forbids tattoos, but the US is unique in that there is a persistent rumor (untrue) that people with tattoos can't be buried in Jewish cemeteries. This rumor likely originates in 1759, when the leadership of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York _considered_ trying to enforce Jewish Law by refusing to bury people.
That rumour also exists in Brazil. If that was through the influence of the much larger and more influent American Jewish community, I can't say.
Great work Sam. Fantastic explanation.
Is there any truth to the idea that what became Mandaeism originally started out as a since extinct stream of Judaism given they say their origin was in Roman Judaea?
Then there is the idea that the Jewish Christian sect known as the Ebionites who resided in the Hejaz were said to have influenced early Islam to some extent.
כדאי לעשות גרסה בעברית
You should make a Hebrew version
@@lordjesuschristisgodandsaviour
Rejoice! The Eldest will replace your faith in gods for all time!
A classic. 2 jews, 3 videos
hahahaha lmao
Bull's eye!
All walk into a bar and the second video says ..
Hahahaha
😂
As a Sikh, I can't help but admire and envy the academic ethos that Jews have with documenting their own history and promoting historical research and critical academic scholarship of their traditions and customs. I came across your channel when I was looking up Iranian Jews, and I fell down a rabbit hole of Jewish history that scratched *so* many itches I've had for so long. Beta Israel, Central Asian Jews, Jews in China, Jewish traders in India that lived in the same time period as Saint Thomas and his legendary voyages to Kerala. Sam, your channel doesn't just benefit your own people - it's of immense value to non-Abrahamic gentiles like myself, who've always been puzzled by the relations between Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Without hyperbole, your content is on par with creators like Filip from Let's Talk Religion and Andrew from Religion For Breakfast. In some areas, your content actually manages to eclipse theirs in the level of depth and specialisation you can go into.
Keep up the good work, my good man!
It's not neccessarily the case tho.
Jewish people's embrace of critical-scientific academic querry into their own religion and traditions and history rose from the same basic principle of European liberalism, secularism and the Age of Enlightenment. The Jewish participation in those are, as I understand, called "Haskalah" movement, and was mostly concentrated in the Western Europe.
This "academic ethos" and the "historical research and critical academic scholarship of their traditions and customs" of the Jewish people is not neccessarily a Jewish thing. But it's a European Enlightenment thing.
It is entirely normal for the religion/religious tradition and communities that does not have contact with the West and its scientific revolution to not be familiar with this kind of non-dogmatic approach, framework and methodology toward thier own religion. And even feel threatened by it. As I understand there still a lot of traditional Jewish groups and communities that would not accept the academic research that contradict their deeply held beliefs and traditions. Remember, even one of the most celebrated Enlightenment scholar like Baruch Spinoza still was excommunicated (which is a very rare thing in Jewish communities, reserved for a major and severe charges.)
But the fact that there a lot of religious literacy content creators, educators and communicators is always very admirable. But like I mentioned above, it is from the Enlightenment value and ideal especially in the persuit of learning and truth which should be promote everywhere, for a better understanding of ourselves, our past and our humanity.
@@GaaraNousI think that Judaism in general holds learning in a much higher regard than Christianity (especially conservative Catholicism) which until the reformation forbid lay people from reading in the Bible. And even under Protestants you can often find an obvious disregard for education, especially in more fundamentalist groups.
There is the saying that you were able to find a school in the poorest stehtl. While their rural Christian neighbours weren’t really interested in education that exceeded what was strictly necessary to for example run a farm.
Reform, othodox, modern othodox, conservatives, ashkinaz and tzfardeem don’t really acknowledge any other news like Iranian and most of us don’t even know they are still alive :(
Go far down enough you will see that my people you used to be furtilaty nature worshiping indo european pagans who eventually subverted the matriarchy and used to sacrifice children :(.
There is also no archeologcal evendemce for the Jewish versions of Abraham, Moses, Passover ect
It’s as if someone magicly turned a bunch of local tribes into one fictional relgion around the time of shlomo ha meloch whom you might know as king Solomon
As a Sikh you must look into logic and reasoning in Indian religion's like naya school of philosophy, they will impress you beyond imagination
With critical thinking, questioning, debating, proper instruments of knowledge, system of logic, interpretation, epistemology and many more
I was actually really excited as a religion nerd to learn about the connection between abu hanifa and karaite Judaism
When he said karaite i thought he would talk about karaite jews being turkic
This rubbish is a Rabbinical canard. There is no Abbasid record of `Anan ben Dawid having been imprisoned, even though the Abbasids were meticulous in recording all matters brought before the Calif and who was imprisoned. The myth not only does not show up until the 10th (possibly the 12th according to Nemoy) century, it also has two different versions: one which said that ‘Anan had a brother name Ḥananyah who succeeded the Exilarch Shelomo ben-Ḥisdai, while in the other it says the brother’s name was Yoshiyah. However, both are fiction and bear no relationship with historical fact, since Shelomo ben-Ḥisdai was succeeded by Yiṣḥaq Iskawi I, who was succeeded by Yehudah Zakkai. There never was an Exilarch named Ḥananyah or Yoshiyah.
The myth also claims that ‘Anan’s father was Shafaṭ and that he was only called ben-Dawid as a allusion to his Davidic descent. However, ‘Anan’s father was Dawid ben-Yehudah ben-Ḥisdai ben-Bustenai.
‘Anan ben-Shafaṭ disputed with the Exilarch Rav Huna II in the third century (Rav Huna II was Exilarch from 240 to 260), while the alleged imprisonment was supposed to have occurred in 769.
The 10th/12th century myth records what it claims was a secret conversation between ‘Anan and the Muslim scholar Abu Ḥanifa an-Nu‘man ibn Tabit (ignoring the fact that Abu Ḥanifa died in 767, two years before ‘Anan’s alleged imprisonment) in which the Muslim convinces ‘Anan to say that he was not the head of the Jews but of a different religion. If there was such a secret conversation, how could the author of the myth be privy to what was said?
None of the Rabbanite opponents of ‘Anan during his lifetime or that of his son or his grandson or great-grandson mention a dispute of the Exilarchate with a brother or him being imprisoned. If the things in the 10th/12th century myth were true, why is it that none of the opponents of ‘Anan or the Karaites mention it until the 10th/12th century?
The Rabbanite Ga’on Naṭronai lived less than 90 years after ‘Anan, yet makes no mention of the alleged dispute over the office or imprisonment.
Leon Nemoy in his “Karaite Anthology”, p. 6-7 says that Naṭronai tells us nothing “about the contest for the office of the exilarch which allegedly served as the immediate cause of his apostasy. It seems reasonable to assume that Naṭronai’s silence signifies that he knew nothing about it, for it would have been to his advantage, had he knowledge of `Anan’s disqualification for the high office, to set it forth in detail in order to demonstrate the more convincingly, from his own point of view, `Anan’s unworthy and ungodly motives. Moreover, Naṭronai lived in the very center of the scene of `Anan’s activity and belonged to the higher strata of Rabbanite society, where the alleged particulars of `Anan’s secession should have been known best, had they been true.”
Someone who lived less than 90 years after ‘Anan would also know that the Exilarch Shelomo ben-Ḥisadai was succeeded by Yiṣḥaq Iskawi and he by Yehudah ben-Zakkai and that there was no Exilarch named Ḥananyah or Yoshiyah. Only someone from a much later time period could confuse the 3rd century ‘Anan ben-Shafaṭ and Rava Huna I with the 8th century ‘Anan ben-Dawid and a fictitious brother named Ḥananyah.
@@no-nx3ip If he didn't, he deserves credit for that, because many others constantly regurgitate this hogwash
Really enjoyed this! It's awesome to see the history you've covered (and will cover) presented in such a simple and visual way.
Such a GOATed channel to have in the comment section. This is going to be my first Sam Aronow video, this gives me a lot of hope!
@@MyDj56 You gotta go back to Sam's first Jewish History and watch them in order. You'll be gloriously binging for days.
As a Jewish Ethnographer myself, this chart is great!
Although within "Haredi" there are so many "streams", they deserve their own charts.
You guys should team up and make a Jewish historical atlas.... you'll definitely sell out the printings ...
It is curious that this happens within the Haredim. They seem a bit like protestants in this way - obsessed with dividing over fairly small, if not minute differences. I'm sure a religious studies school has a good explanation about why.
what astute comparison but it makes sense
As a Conservative Jew, I would like to think (completely without evidence) that your popularity in our stream has to do with our tradition of free research. We like educational content, especially Jewish studies.
I think (optimistically, perhaps) it might also be that some Jews who are mostly or entirely non-practicing feel a greater philosophical connection to Masorti Judaism than to secularism and identify as such in channel surveys.
Would be nice to get some of those hypothetical people to shul.
@@KosherCookeryit would be nice to go back to shul. Problem is, my childhood synagogue has all but shut down, and, much more importantly, my local synagogue (to which I have roots from the 1970's) was shot up by a madman, managing in the process to destroy the unique glue that held us together in October 2018. So, yes it would be nice to go back, you can't. You've just got to keep moving forward.
As an outsider who notices patterns I’ve seen many Jewish people have a culture of learning and research.
When id see discussions the rabbis would always stand out with their perspectives and thoughtfulness.
@@emr6153look at what CZcams can do for learning and spreading information. Traditional schools can’t keep up in major ways.
@@jhoughjr1 You’re absolutely right, education is huge in any stream of Judaism. The distinction in that regard between Orthodoxy and Conservatism is that Orthodoxy focuses heavily on Torah study in the rabbinic tradition- Which is great- But Conservatism is more open to secular scholarship and “Jewish Studies” in our interpretation of Judaism. Sam Aranow’s channel would fall more into the latter category.
I'm a black American and I've always felt a connection of our people experienced similar atrocities and the spirit of survival is strong in both. That being said, I'm a student at heart and love learning to learn. Hell, Between you and Matt (useful charts) as well as a few other political streams I've been able to identify historical patterns modern parallelisms that only became clear when historical context was added. You all have inspired me to start writing on what I'm learning. So thank you all.
I take it you don’t put stock in the theories of some black scholars like Tony Martin?
Small correction at 1:40, Western Ashkenazim or more specifically Yekkes in this case also have the minhag of not naming babies after living relatives. As a yekke, with a strong interest in genealogy and local history, this fact is very useful when locating names and relations!!
That's surprising as I often come across Yekke fathers and sons who share the same name, especially around the late 19th/early 20th century period I'm currently covering.
@@SamAronow Interesting. I suppose in the west where different schools of religious/cultural thought were more diverse, it might have varied more. From my personal experience, the tradition seems to be quite strong in Alsace and Baden as well as the small towns and cities of the lower Rhineland, as that is where most of mine and my family's genealogy and local history is concentrated and I am yet to come across a family or an example where this custom isn't observed. But I await your future videos eagerly and keep up the fantastic work!
I'm russian / Ukraine Jewish and we also don't name kids after living reletivis. But we are from the former USSR so mor information about our traditions was kind of wiped out
This was so good Sam! When Matt said you were going to do a response I got super excited. And you made posters together?!?!?!?! Going to need to grab them for my classroom when I start teaching Hebrew school again.
Love that tidbit about Conservative Jews being your largest subscriber base among Jews. Glad to help be part of that statistic!
Keep up the amazing work. It’s very much appreciated
Thanks for clarifying that Paul taught that Jewish Christians should still follow Jewish law while non-Jews were not obliged… I’ve seen the idea that Paul taught Jewish Christians to disobey the law pop up often
Interesting and makes sense to me. Most Christian’s wouldn’t lead with that info I think.
Paul did not insist on the Jews who converted into the Christ movement continuing Judaic practice, but he never condemned it (and did himself perform a circumcision on a coreligionist). He viewed it as a custom and always stressed that after the advent of Christ "the Law" was no longer necessary, though it was still valid. The interpretations of Paul, however, vere often anti-Judaic if not anti-Semitic.
I took a class on this, actually, and Paul considered Christ to be a path to salvation for gentiles, not necessarily as a replacement for the old law. The reason he was preaching against others was because he did not believe gentiles should be forced to follow Jewish law in order to go to heaven, whereas his rivals wanted the gentiles to follow Jewish customs. This has often been interpreted as him condemning Judaism as a whole, which is patently incorrect.
Here are the major religious philosophies and beliefs that Paul “invented”:
• Suspension of circumcision as a prerequisite for “conversion” to Judaism
• Vicarious (or transfer of guilt) atonement through belief in the resurrected body of Jesus.
• Abrogation of basic Jewish practices such as observance of the Sabbath and Holidays, Kashrut, and family purity laws.
• Belief that one could not achieve the “Kingdom of Heaven,” through righteous deeds, unless one also believed in Jesus as the Messiah and god.
• Concept of the Trinity or tripartite godhead that consists of The Father, The Son and The Holy Spirit.
• The claim that the Messiah had to die and be resurrected from the dead.
These form the major tenets of most of Christendom to this day.
Jews for Judaism
Besides the New Testament, what primary sources do you guys have on Paul's thinking?
Clicked as soon as i saw A sam aronow video!
I think it is fitting that Matt's chart showed Conservative Judaism as branching off from Modern Orthodoxy, while Sam Aronow's chart shows Conservative Judaism as branching off from Reform. There's truth to both. The intellectual underpinnings of Conservative Judaism can be viewed as a break off of Reform, though, in terms of Conservative Judaism as a separate stream, I think Matt's telling of it breaking away from Modern Orthodoxy is more correct. (And Sam’s description of Conservative Judaism as maintaining ritual only symbolically is a bit misleading).
An intellectual precursor to Conservative Judaism was the Positive Historical school, developed by Zecharia Frankel in the 1840s. He was an early reformer of Judaism and attended the conferences of the other early reformers. However, he broke from other reformers chiefly over the question of whether to use Hebrew or the vernacular in prayer (Frankel favored Hebrew). His Jewish Theological Seminary in Breslau influenced the Jewish Theological Seminary in America, which later became a central institution of Conservative Judaism.
However, up until the 1940s, it was not clear that "Conservative" Judaism was a separate stream from Orthodoxy but rather just represented the liberal wing within Orthodoxy. JTS in the US was founded as an Orthodox institution (one of its founders later went on to found the OU), though with some influence from Breslau and the "Jewish studies" movement. Schechter took over JTS in the 1900s, and liberalized it. This caused the Orthodox council of rabbis called the "Agudath Harabbonim" to denounce JTS, but the OU still recognized the institution. The left wing of the OU looked pretty similar to the congregations within Schecter's new "United Synagogue." It wasn't 'til the 1940s that it became clear that Conservative Judaism would become a distinct stream from Orthodoxy. The Jewish law committee of the Conservative Rabbinic Assembly passed several "takkanot" (decrees) with broke from established Jewish law, such as the "driving" responsa, which allowed driving to synagogue for certain people who didn't live within walking distance of a synagogue. Meanwhile, the OU started requiring member synagogues to have mechitzas (barriers between men and women) and to remove microphones on Shabbat. These divisions sharpened further in the 1970s and 1980s, when the Conservative movement started allowing congregations to count women in minyanim and started ordaining female rabbis. Meanwhile, Modern Orthodoxy took further steps to the right, generally distancing itself from critical biblical scholarship and the like.
Conservative Judaism did infact branch from Reform Judaism. Look at the Treyfa Banquet. I'm surprised neither mentioned it.
Honestly this has to be one of your very best works! its so useful, simple to process and informative. Thank you for making this wonderful guide to the perplexed :)
These are the exact kinds of conversations that makes it so that my brother's Rabbi can rivet me to my seat once we start talking. (Your channel was one of the resources she gave me when I was asking for help being a good brother during my brother's conversion!)
Sam Aranow, thank you so much for all of this!
I've been waiting for this one since UC's video!!
So very helpful, thanks! Really helps me make sense of all the intellectual history in the regular videos!
Thanks Matt, for making Sam release a new video!
This video has been necessary for a very long time. Thank you, thank you
Thanks again for a video like this... Highly informative... Looking forward to more videos...
yes, a different approach from Matt, equally informative and engaging ...liked and subscribed!!
Jewish Renewal is definitely tiny in terms of actual synagogues and members, but at least here on the West Coast, it is incredibly influential in reform/recon/progressive congregations. I'm surprised you had trouble researching it. There are two anthologies from Ariel Mayse at Stanford and a whole chapter on it in Shaul Magid's book American Post-Judaism.
Good job Sam! Wonderful video.
I learned a lot as always, thank you for your dedicated research and presentation
Thoroughly enjoyed this, thank you, Sam!
Congratulations Sam...another high quality outstanding video very helpful for people like me who can't afford to read all the stuff you did
Just discovered this channel, and I’m hooked!
Great episode as always, and I can’t wait to see some of the figures from “the future” in future episodes. But wasn’t the bat mitzvah already introduced by reform Jews in Germany? There’s even an account of a bat mitzvah ceremony in what was otherwise an orthodox synagogue in Verona in 1844
I think it's going a bit far to say that Catholicism and Protestantism can be seen as different religions. Protestantism especially is such a big tent that it's not really possible to generalize about it that way. Some forms of Protestantism (eg High-Church Anglicanism) would be practically indistinguishable from Catholicism to a non-Christian. And in the US at least, there's a broad feeling of "We're all Christians" among Catholics, Protestants, and Orthodox despite differences in theology, doctrine, and practice.
the differences between Catholicism and Anglicanism aren't particularly visible to Christians either. or even to the Catholics and Anglicans themselves.
if i remember correctly, the two have actually been drifting closer recently, and while i doubt they will ever reunite, it does look like they are building ties.
@@darrylviljoen6227 Yeah, I was raised Catholic, but I was confirmed Anglican (Episcopalian as it's called in the US) because my mom and stepdad, both being remarried, needed to get some special dispensation from the local bishop to be allowed to take communion, so they basically said "Screw that, we'll just become Episcopalian, it's practically the same anyway." I guess both churches can fight over my soul when I'm dead, lol.
High-Church Lutherans are also very close to Roman-Catholicism, many issues closer to the Vatican than they are to Evangelicals and Free Churches. Real Precense, veneration, baptism, liturgy, saints etc etc.
@@valmarsiglia "I guess both churches can fight over my soul when I'm dead" LoL that made my evening.
Not really disputing that point, but there are definitely a lot of Evangelicals who will consider Catholics distinct from Christians.
This is a truly terrific video. Thank you!
Thanks, Sam, this is excellent stuff. Is the full chart from this video released anywhere?
Enriquecedora perspectiva. Muchas gracias. Estimulante complementaridad entre Useful Charts y Sam Aronow. Por supuesto que hay planteamientos que el auditor tiene que ponderar y documentar; pero de eso se trata. Hay que caminar el camino y sustanciar. Así crecemos todos.
Really really great video Sam!
I'd love to see you and Matt Baker collab on a family tree chart, and history of, the Jewish Exilarchy.
Very much enjoyed this breakdown and very much enjoy Matt from Useful Charts. About 15 videos deep into the Jewish History playlist. Videos are thorough an well explained. Good job Sam!
Lmfao he nailed Baker's cadence in that opening
ikr!
What an interesting video, thanks for putting it out
Very comprehensive chart, thank you! I hope you'd also do something on other streams of Judaism found outside the West (most specifically in Israel) though, like the Dati Leumi.
1. Hillelism and Shammaism are not "streams" or "denominations." They are just two schools of thought in the interpretation of Jewish law. They didn't differ theologically. And the claim that Christianity is an outgrowth of "Hillelism" is absolutely ludicrous.
2. "Epikursim" is a general term mentioned in the Talmud meaning "Heretics", it's not a separate stream or theology, it's just a general name for heretical Jews.
3. Anti-Maimonideanism is, again, not a stream of Judaism. Not every Legal dispute should be viewed as a schism. Legal disputes like those of Hillel-Shammai, Abaya-Rava, Maimonides-anti, etc. etc. happen all over Jewish history.
incredible how you managed to summarize basically your entire series in a half hour, without it feeling rushed or painfully truncated, u are incredible A+
Very interesting! I'm glad I found this.
Love it!
Thank you.
Shalom!
Much appreciated, Sam.
Nice, I knew you'd set it straight and fill in a lot of interesting details :) It's also a great summary of what you've already talked about in your main videos. I must admit I've been having trouble keeping track of the big picture. Ever since I caught up with fresh episodes, it's been tricky to remember the terms and people's names between one video and the next.
BTW, what are those blue arrows coming from the right side of the "Haredim" box? Beta Israel merging back into the mainstream? Or some Sabbatean/Frankist influences?
Beta Yisra'el was never in the Jewish "mainstream", so it's illogical to describe it as returning to such.
Thanks, this is the first time I understood the essence of Reconstructionist Judaism, and I find that it resonates with me
Subscribed! This was a amazingly good video!
The Essenes - did not "disappear." Much sadder. They are thought to have all died, together with so many others, at Masada. (The desert plateau fortress of last resort.) Either by their own swords, or that of the Romans. That's why it is assumed the Dead Sea Scrolls were preserved. They were cached in safety, in a desert cave...until "victory day," that never came. A simple explanation why they were not retrieved: Not a single person was alive anymore, who knew where they were.
As a secular jew raised in the conservative Jewish tradition I feel seen
Good historical dig, thank you.
Seems like the video could do with a section at the end that just sums up what all the currently surviving streams of Judaism are and where they're found.
This was an incredibly informative video. I feel much more connected to my history now that I see how my family's history fits into the greater Jewish tapestry. Thank you!
Sam, fascinating presentation. A bit overwhelming to grasp. A buddhist guy in Switzerland..
ask 2 jews the same complicated question, you'll get at least three different answers. that's not an insult. rather it's a compliment aimed at studious culture.
Fascinating & outstanding
Amazing vid!
Great video; excellent overall; perhaps however could’ve talked about movements(? Idk if there is a better term) like chassidai ashkenaz during the middle age
hi first video of yours I'm watching. your accent is really interesting to hear because it's mostly textbook American but on certain words you sound slightly British and on other words it's very New York/north eastern big city. I like accents and language things
Thanks!
Tattoos are mentioned in the Torah Leviticus 19:28 see Rashi where he clearly understands it as a modern tattoo
great video!!!
I'm genuinely overwhelmed with each new video by the breadth and depth of the research, the quality of the visuals, and the clarity of the script. And I love how you manage to balance staying true to mainstream interpretations of history and giving us your own angle, which i mostly agree with you on.
I really only discovered this channel a few months ago and it's quickly becoming one of my favorites. So, just, kudos.
Oh and as a fellow Tel Avivi, I'm always down to collab on translating your content or even just to hang out.
This video is very well made!
Not Jewish. But as someone who has tried to understand the various streams of thought within the history of Judaism and their origins, this chart was most useful. Thank you, sir! Oh yes, and greetings from one former Chicagoan to another.
Superb Historical construct! Your definitions of the various attributes of Jewish Society and It's relevant evolution throughout time ring true. Compliments! 😎
I learn so much through you. Thank you for all your videos. This one though incorporates so much of Jewish history and the structure of Judaism. I especially liked the line where you say being Jewish is more about practice than ritual. I agree. It's how you live your life that makes a big difference. I was bar mitzvahed in 1958, an unusual time in Jewish history just thirteen years after the Holocaust. I was taught to be careful about expressing my Judaism. So much else got lost in the process and your videos, this one included have helped me too reclaim my Judaism identity.
Merci beaucoup pour votre vidéo.
Great response Sam
Will you make a video explaining Edot in the future? I think it's an important topic to know especially when talking about the state of Israel and Mandatory Palestine
What stream of Judaism would you consider yourself a part of? I assume secular?
I really like the different yet familiar style of video btw
also and this isn't that related but either you or Matt (hopefully with your help) should do a video about Hasidic dynasties and their evolution into what they are today I feel like this topic is always Chabad dominated
last question and I don't mean to be impatitiant but when do we start world war I? I am very hyped for it
I am indeed secular, though I attended a Reform synagogue from ages 7-13 and of all the religious streams I find myself most sympathetic to the Conservative and Reconstructionist philosophies.
And the Great War is coming very soon.
@@SamAronowEvery religious Jew who watches this video realizes very quickly that you're a secularist.
Great work! Will you consider doing this sort of thing for Israeli political parties? I always wanted to see a clear timeline chart of who split from whom, and who merged with whom.
No, there is too much. I'll almost certainly be covering the evolution of the larger parties over the course of my regular videos though.
Awesome video
Completely agree with your take Sam
great. Thank you.
Honestly, from your description of radical reform, it kind of sounds like the Hindu Brahmo Samaj in India. And ironically, the Brahmos have met the same fate as radical reform, practically dead except for some tiny pockets (except this time in Bengal and not the US). I wonder if that says something about this particular mode of doing religion.
Will a version of this video become a chart in the future?
what are the historical sources used to make this video (I'm interested in learning more about this topic) ?
Oof, 95% of this stuff is scattered across videos I've already made, so it'd probably just be easiest to look at the lists of sources in the end credits/descriptions for those.
@@SamAronow Thank you
Paul wanted both Jews and Gentiles to abandon the law. Peter wanted everyone to keep the Law. It was James the Just that made the decision for only the converted Jews to continue following the Law.
False... Paul wanted Jews to remain under the law while maintaining that Gentiles shouldn't have to.
@@samuelmithran5586 False, James wanted Jews to remain under the law and was convinced by Paul to let the Gentiles only follow the Noahide laws. Paul actually wanted everyone to abandon the laws but settled for only the gentiles. Paul himself a Jew did not follow kosher law unless he was around Peter or James.
Honestly its a very good video 💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼… I watched usefulcharts video but honestly it was just ok unlike his amazing christian series and his islam video is honestly so bad but this one for judaism is amazing I loved the way you went through history and gave the specific events and situations that led to each stream ❤
Maimonides was Saladin's doctor? Wow!!!! How I would love to hear their conversations!
I am super curious about the rumors of radical reform devotees in the Midwest mentioned at 28:58 ! Do you have a source for this you are able to share?
This was really good!
I would like to note I've seen a rumbling of a new movement forming in the United States from different people scattered about. Unlike most of the older shifts this shift seems to be less geographically linked and more linked to cultural experiences and opposition to Romanization/Hellinization and a return to ancient practice.
It's been mostly queer people especially queer women and transgender jewish people who seem to be fitting into the new movement. I'm deliberately not being too specific about it or trying to name it because it's very individual - I don't think anyone I've met fully thinks of it as a stream yet - but I'll do my best to summarize the key things that the people I've met seem to hold to:
1. Practicing Judaism as a religion which is not monotheistic but either Monalatrist or Henotheistic
2. Practicing folk magic, ritual, and making offerings to forces (angels, demons, ancestors, etc.) as part of practice.
3. A strong belief in the unity of the Jewish people, and of the idea that the spiritual and material coexist together.
4. A disinterest in or lack of belief in an afterlife distinct from the material world. Relatedly a belief in an immortal spirit which is a part of the world we inhabit.
5. A rejection of traditions against tatoos, piercings, or other markings - instead interpreting the restrictions to be related to adopting cultural markers and aesthetic assimilation to the normative non-jewish culture in the region.
I'm not Jewish, but the explanation on the Zealots made a lot of things make more sense for me from my days in Catholic school. Especially "render unto Caesar".
Also, I live in Poland, and I can see traces of the former Jewish life everywhere, so your channel helps fit those into their larger context when I encounter them
This is a very interesting and informative video that I am now watching for the second time. One note regarding your avoidance of the term "Rabbinic Judaism", I believe the logic behind that term is that it was the first form of Judaism to formalise and enforce strict rules about who is allowed to call themselves a rabbi. Am I correct?
I think you should have also talked about national religious stream even tough it is sort of just modern orthodox but political
That's more of a political ideology than a religious stream
Perhaps in another video, because -- let's face it, trying to cram 6000 + years of the human experience, even if there were no divisions, into a 30 minute video - can be a challenge. Add to that the occasional migration (some voluntary, others not) to different parts of the world -- one needs to make the occasional editorial decision here and there.
I can lend another voice to the consensus of Conservative Jews loving your channel! Growing up in (and still very involved with) a mostly Conservative Jewish community in the US, I can see elements of both Reform and Modern Orthodox philosophies and practices in our traditions
As far as I know, the meaning of "prushim" is "separatists" as in "lifrosh". I found that explanation in Hebrew Wikipedia as well
What's the deal with the beep at 4:28? I understand that some things should not be articulated, but isn't there some hint or abbreviation that can indicate what was being screened?
It’s the tetragrammaton
Thank you.
Wonderful video! I was wondering if you happen to know where the Judaism that Ottoman-Sefardi (Balkans-included) people falls in relation to haskala movements and Haredi Judaism? I discovered recently that the chief rabbi of Sofia at the time of WWII had received rabbinical ordination at JTS of Breslau although I was under the impression that the Reform movement did not catch on in the Sefardi world. Do you think secularism plays a part?
I’d also love to learn more about this.
I do know that the schools of the Alliance Israelite Universelle schools that functioned in the XIX century promoted values that were akin to secularization, providing education to both boys and girls.
I do not find your new found fact as correct. Daniel S. Zion was the Chief rabbi of Sofia during WWII and was a graduate of a yeshiva in Thessalonika. Prior to that, Bulgaria did have a number of Chief Rabbis of Ashkenazic origin and that might be the key as to why the community was influenced by currents in the Ashkenazic world.
From 1900 to 1914 Marcus Ehrenpreis, born in Lemberg, was Chief rabbi of Bulgaria and had studied at Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums in Berlin. Moritz Gruenwald was the Breslau rabbinical seminary graduate who was Chief rabbi in 1893. Additionally, The Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau was not specifically Reform. Wikipedia states "It was the first modern rabbinical seminary in Central Europe, an academic precursor to today’s Conservative movement, and a center of Wissenschaft des Judentums." Jakob Bernays, a teacher at the seminary was the son of Rabbi Isaac Bernays and was "faithful to the religious views of his father".
this was my error. I was referring to Rabbi Dr. Asher Yitzchak Chananel and he was certainly not Ashkenazi he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C@@stephenfisher3721
Can’t say that I agree with a great of your opinions, especially in regard to ancient Judaism. But did glean a great deal of useful information overall, and thought your summary explanations of modern streams of Judaism were pretty accurate on an academic level.
Thanks
I think these divisions should be seen like literal streams, like that of a river, converging and diverging in times. Sarmatianism, for example appears to share elements with Judaism due to the fact that elements of both appeared to have a common ancestor agreeing with both traditions, and likely remained united until political divisions later, likely as a result of differing identities previously existing.
The Elephantine community likely represents a Judahite and/or Samarian isolate that remained Polytheistic, possibly indicating either the very late emergence of monotheism, and/or the late survival of Polytheism after the emergence of Monotheism.
Loved the video but it ended abruptly without going into any detail about Chabad or Modern Orthodox. Maybe a follow up video?
It was quick but appears at 27:44 - 27:57
I feel like a lot of non-Orthodox Diaspora Jews (especiallly ones in areas without huge Jewish populations) these days practice a mishmash of Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist, Renewal, and secular traditions, which gets inaccurately depicted by both the Orthodox and gentiles as being kinda wishy-washy, but it’s more that we develop our own personal and/or synagogical identity
I agree. I think that, while Reform, Conservative, and Reconstructionist are good labels to use, most Jews and Synagogues that "belong" to those streams are much more "non-denominational" than one might imagine. The ideas of each are so similar that unlike the slightly more, for lack of a better word, schismatic Orthodoxy (both Haredi and Modern Orthodox), agree very easily.
When I first moved to a small town which had only one Jewish congregation I wrongly assumed that the student rabbis would have a broader Jewish knowledge than they did. It turned out that their knowledge was limited to Reform and even that was deficient, not being knowledgeable about the history or development of their movement. I knew it was pointless to discuss Reconstructionist or Jewish Renewal with Orthodox Rabbis but I found these Reform Rabbinical students knew even less. They only seemed to know about something if was in a class they had. One member of the Congregation was on his journey to Orthodoxy and until he moved away he and his wife influenced our congregation to be a bit more pluralistic. According to our by-laws, our kitchen was not kosher but there was to be no pork or shellfish products - what some call "Biblically Kosher". No one really cared and after the more observant family left, kosher deteriorated mostly due to ignorance. People knew to avoid "CAUTION : CONTAINS PIG" but did not know about hechshers and that without a hechsher shortening could be anything. One woman thought she was being generous by bringing shrimp and was completely shocked when told it was not allowed. She was , in fact, not Jewish at all but married to a Jew. You would think that when there is only one congregation, it is a blend; it could be; but obviously not always.
Where are you from if not from the US? Argentina doesn’t have the term but it is surely mainstream (orthodox)
And I should point out I'm in a very Jewish area, the local shuls are just that bad.
Thanks for doing this. This is the first I’d heard of Epikursim.
I think you are underestimating how much the stream model matches the history of Christian denominations, especially in Protestantism. But even my Anglican pastor ancestors (including the Methodist black sheep) would be appalled at how many Catholic elements my Episcopal church has readopted.
And one must always remember that the loudest voices always come from the groups that say “We are the only real X; everybody else is wrong” rather than “There are nine and sixty ways of constructing tribal lays, and every single one of them is right!”
What was the beeping at 4:26 about? Thanks to anyone who knows.
Thank you for such a clear breakdown.
A week ago I went to a Reform synagogue after mulling this Judaism thing over for 20 years. I will go back in a couple weeks. Seems like a beginning.
Hey Sam, great video. As a Jew from the American Midwest, I was surprised by the mention of radical reformist communities in the region. I had never heard anything about this. Where did you learn about this, and what (if any) scholarship exists on this subject?
I mentioned in my second video on Jews in the US, "Minhag America," and got my information from Jonathan Sarna's _American Judaism._
I live in a small town in the Midwest. Until this year we did not have a full-time rabbi so things may now be changing. For many years we had a student rabbi conducting services on one Friday night each month during the school year. Every Friday night service with a student rabbi also had a paid Gentile soloist and a paid Gentile organist. Music was straight out of the Union Hymnal. Each year we would have a different student rabbi and some tried to bring in new music but met resistance by influential members. Yom Kippur has always featured a paid mixed choir, all Gentile and is the Congregation's most Reform service. I have attended other Reform Temples which embraced Classical Reform but changed over the years. Ironically, while Reform is supposed to be the most democratic, I have seen the changes steamrolled. Older members were aghast: Why a change in prayer book? Why so much Hebrew? Why a change in music? Why a yarmulke? Where is confirmation? Where is social action? What is tikkun olam? In many Reform congregations, Reform Judaism became unrecognizable to older members who were not consulted but as they die off no one cares or remembers.
@@stephenfisher3721it's no longer Judaism, they are cosplaying.
Will it be possible to find this full chart as a single image anywhere?
There is also Jewish Universalism of which Rabbi Steven Blane of Sim Shalom Synagogue (online) is a proponent.
Excellent
What streams lineup with Moses Maimonides 13 principles?