Conlanging Case Study: Part 23 - Negation and Comparatives
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- čas přidán 31. 05. 2024
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Ayyy, thanks so much for the shoutout! There will indeed be much more to come with Arodjun in the future.
One of the rare times CZcams actually notifies me when a video releases
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Maybe for a little context on how "to be different" can mean "No" in Yes-or-No questions in Japanese.
The root meaning of the Kanji "違" is difference but also discrepancy or deviance. Therefore the verb "違う" (chigau) can mean "to be different" but also "to be wrong".
So when someone asks you "Do you want to go to the restaurant?", you can answer "違います" literally "That is wrong" or - more idiomatically "That is not the case".
Funnily enough that is considered a more polite way of declining an offer than simply saying "no". Though the _really polite_ way to decline would of cause be to make vague gestures about an supposed scheduling conflict or to simply say "Uhh that's a little bit..." (as in "a little bit inconvinient") and leave the sentence unfinished. I'm not even joking.
That is fascinating I like this idea
Rude:ヤダ
Casual:いや
Polite:違います
Polite 2: Electric Boogaloo:それは…ええと…
8:30 I like how "to lack, be empty, void, without" is hovering in a lavender void over there. I think it's very appropriate and artistic.
The language I study, Nivaclé, has some very unique comparative constructions. Check out 'Some Perculiarities of Comparative Constructions in Nivaclé (Mataguayo Family, Paraguayan Chaco)' by Alain Fabre.
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l love the idea of Bibz and Edgar just chatting nerdely
The "fear" use in the Excessive is cool. It's like saying "frightfully big" or, if you want to be more casual: "scary big"
Re: Affirmative vs Positive -->
My understanding is that _Affirmative_ is paired with _Negative_ (is/is not), while _Positive_ is used for the non-comparative & non-superlative forms of adjectives (& adverbs).
The beggining around 6:00 about phrases getting shortened down significantly just made me think of "I do not want to" getting shortened commonly to "I don wanna" just the first example that came to mind.
These videos have been helping me with building my own admittedly overly complicated, phonotactically speaking, conlang
I am going to ====> ima
Love your work! Do you have a template of the excel sheets you use when making these? Having some guidance on organization would be really helpful as a beginner
Nivaclé's valency changing affixes can apply to adjectives and nouns, as well as transitive and intransitive verbs.
positive is the term for the neutral degree of comparison of adjectives. so:
He is tall
Bibs be making languages again
َActually in colloquial Polish sztrasznie (fearfully) is often used in meaning of very. At the begining was used mostly to negative things (like bad, or stink or scream) but nowadays to positive as well (strasznie smaczny - fearfully tasty)
Like "terrific" in colloquial English. Same trajectory.
Just noticed something...
In your phonology table/list (@3:26), it seems your Manner of Articulation labels (side headings) are not in line with your Place of Articulation labels (top headings).
So, for example, your *l* is a _trill_ (instead of a _lateral_ , which is the *r* ) & your *m* + *n* are _stops_ , etc.
He 100% ended up deleting the "Approximants" column and moved everything down by 1 which you can see because the "Nasal" is in the corner.
For the excessive I had heard that English sometimes used "-ard" as an excessive (though more recent lookups shown that that may have been a folk etymology--wiktionary, at least, has "-ard" just meaning "Someone who is in a specified condition" and sometimes with a negative connotation).
In my conlang, I had an earlier version convey the excessive by using reduplication on adjectives, which gave me some fun pairs in the modern language: "shoftle (unique/special)" --> "shofchoftle (of a person, conceited/self-absorbed)"
One personal question. Don't you think that languages have some things in a more formal grammar and leave other things to more free constructions? In that sense, do we need, as conlangers to specify every grammatic detail in our conlangs or can we leave some things to be more flexible, so speakers would use a number of constructions? For example, in English there is no formal way of conveying evidentiality, but we can make phrases that serve the same purpose
The two negative strategies (affix vs. converb 'lack') could coexist with different discourse/pragmatic implications. In particular: the affix might be difficult for speakers to stress (since it's phonologically reduced and not an independent word), so for contrastive and emphatic negatives you use the converb. It's kinda like the difference in English between the sentences "I didn't do it" and "no, I did *not* do it".
28:49 "It's so big that it is causing fear." - Biblaridion, 2021
"The oxen will love the two women on the rocks" coming from another conlang case study video.
Many Indo-European languages: negative particle
Finnic languages: negative verb
Turkic languages: negative conjugation
Me: negative covid test
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whenever anyone says "relative ease" my goblin brain immediately turns to the DK rap
Thank you for these wonderful videos
From the depths of his self-imposed exile, he is risen! Hallelujah!!
Perhaps the reason why the negative standard copula means "to lack" is that it was originally the opposite of the locative copula, and it's current role was assumed through suppletion.
In French and many other Romance languages, "I have become a king" would've originally been "I stand having become a king", yet the negation is put on the auxiliary verb, so you can put negation on the auxiliary if you want.
I wonder what else there is besides comparatives, superlatives, sublatives, equatives, intensives, excessives, and contrastives. Like, something for if something is too few or too little.
Slovene also has a way to say "too [adj]" with the prefix "pre-" e.g. majhen (small) premajhen (too small)
for Affirmative vs Negative: I usually call the "plain" form the Indicative
I like it when you fiddle with the phonological forms :(
My only complaint might be that your sample words tend to be two syllables, but basic words tend to be one syllable in natural languages. Still loving this series!
My favourite series is baaaaaaack!!
Excessive forms seem pretty fun, may have to use them if I ever get around to working on my conlangs
Nice work again
new biblaridion lets goooooo
About the negation thing in Turkish, the word "değil" is more like "not". For example :
"This is my house" means "Bu benim evim"
"This is not my house" means "Bu benim evim değil".
The verb "olmak" does mean "to be" but its not really used in that meaning when it's used in a sentence all that much. It usually means "to fit" or "to happen".
"Bu elbise bana oldu mu?" "Did this dress fit me?"
"Bir şey mi oldu?" "Did something happen?"
For alien biosphere should have actually small creatures now like ants since the last video!
Serbo-Croatian has an excessive prefix "pre-"
Mačka je velika
(The) cat is big
Mačka je prevelika
(The) cat is too big
I assume other Slavic languages have this too
Ditto in Russian. Prekrasny = wonderful.
@@stefanodadamo6809 ah cool so it's for other Slavic langs too
@@wtc5198 I think that in standard languages (not colloquial ones), one needs to add za ('for') + something.
On je prevelik za to.
He is too big for it.
@@yeo4725 but that's only if you specify what the thing is too big for. If it's clear from context, fuck it.
@@wtc5198 I need to look it up, but I'm pretty sure that standards make use of za obligatory, but it doesn't matter because it exists in colloquial forms and that means it's possible.
27:47 Now i don't know if it's technically considered an excessive but in Slovak (and therefore in other Slavic languages too, presumably) we have a pri- prefix for adjectives to express this;
veľký - big (masculine)
priveľký - too big (though perhaps more accurately "slightly too big" but that's virtually the same)
This is, however, becoming archaic, we just use "príliš" meaning "too" or "too much" (which, looking at them now, is probably how the mentioned prefix came to be)
great series.
I wish the flyx were 1k/2/4k/...
Merry Christmas!!!
do you still have any plans to remake the how to make a language series?
Pretty sure, but he works on a far longer timescale than most of CZcams so that may even be years from now
Man, now I know the struggle of waiting for an episode hahahahahah.
PS. I wanted to ask two questions:
How do languages lose long vowels?
Can affixes not influence the accent?
Long vowels can be lost through many means. They could simply merge with their short variant (see Sardinian), become diphthongs (see English), transform the length distinction into a tense / lax distinction (see most western romance languages), etc. They're really a lot of possibilities, take a look at the index diachronica.
The cat is fearfully big. The cat is terribly big. The cat is horribly big. Never let your cat get bigger than you. It's bad.
I wonder if the word for TO DIFFER is the source of the J. negative or if the meaning TO DIFFER comes from the word's use as a negative answer to questions, and I have similar questions for other etymologies.
Hungarian has a thing that’s called an excessive but it only means “very very very most, top of the field x”
It’s a circumfix, “legesleg-…-bb”
If the normal animate copula came from 'to live' wouldn't a reasonable negation come from something with a meaning like 'to die' or 'to be dead' or 'to not be alive?'
Could negation fall on both the auxiliary verbs AND the lexical ones in a language?
For comparisons, how about presenting things progressively? "The dog is big, then/next the cat." This is more dramatic and serves to better emphasize the level of the given quality.
For superlatives, "finally/ultimately." "The dog is big, then the cat, ultimately the bear."
For excessive, a word meaning "beyond." "The elephant is beyond big."
"The cat lacks dogness"
he be back
The new Nissan Navara... 3:37
I know this comment is terribly late, but:
At 30:22 you say that oxen are by definition castrated males. Actually, oxen are by definition cattle used as draft animals. A castrated male is a steer.
Oxen most often are steers because that generally yields the best combination of strength and temperament, but cows can be trained and used as oxen, too. You could also use a bull (a male which hasn't been castrated) as an ox, but I've never known anyone who has.
Edit: A quick lookup shows that bulls are used as oxen with some regularity in Asian and African countries.
I think it would be positive, not affirmative
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**doesn't tag artifexian**
Notification gang!
Come on now Bib. Animal names usually come from the sounds they make. Mixiun is *clearly* a feline, 'meow' type sound! A bird's name should be more chirpy and possibly repetitive like Didi or Dididi or Didida.
Conlang Case Study: part 738 - grammatical changes in Mürya village and teh language name is comming in less then 10 000 years!
00:50 you forgot Merry Christmas
He said holidays so it's ok
tis all inclusive to say happy holidays
I clicked this video like a dying person gulps water
i found that feature in basque is getting boring now
pog
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8
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