What Was The Earth Like 2 Billion Years Ago?
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- čas přidán 15. 05. 2021
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Researched and Written by Leila Battison
Narrated and Edited by David Kelly
Thumbnail Art and Art by Ettore Mazza
Art by Khail Kupsky
Map by Adriano Bezerra
***REFERENCES IN A PINNED COMMENT***
Thanks to A. El Albani for the use of his videos and images from the article "Organism motility in an oxygenated shallow-marine environment 2.1 billion years ago.": www.pnas.org/content/116/9/3431
If you like our videos, check out Leila's CZcams channel:
/ @somethingincredible
Music from Epidemic Sound and Artlist, stock footage from Videoblocks.
Image Credits:
Kola Borehole Building By Andre Belozeroff - Страница автора на Panoramio.com, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Drill Bit By Urfin7 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Drill bits By Geolina163 - Self-photographed, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
MOHO map By AllenMcC. - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
2 billion year old rock By Anders Damberg, Geological Survey of Sweden SGU from Sweden - Värmland, CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... biota microbial community By Benoit Potin - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Pierrlate nuclear By Marianne Casamance - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Urananite By Geomartin - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Shield Volcano Ethopia By Hervé Sthioul - Own work, CC BY 2.5, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Colombia supercontinent By Celiayangyy - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Banded Iron Formations By James St. John - Jaspilite banded iron formation (Soudan Iron-Formation, Neoarchean, ~2.69 Ga; Stuntz Bay Road outcrop, Soudan Underground State Park, Soudan, Minnesota, USA) 53, CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Banded Iron Formation Fortescue Falls By Graeme Churchard from Bristol, UK - Dales Gorge Uploaded by PDTillman, CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Stanley Tyler Photo: Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Fair use)
Elsa Barghorn image (fair use)
Tree Fossil from Carboniferous By Michael C. Rygel - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Stromatolites By James St. John (jsj1771) www.flickr.com/people/jsjgeol... - www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeol..., CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Stromatolite CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Gunflint range Stromatolite By James St. John (jsj1771) www.flickr.com/people/jsjgeol... - www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeol..., CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Modern stromatolite By Paul Harrison - Photograph taken by Paul Harrison (Reading, UK) using a Sony CyberShot DSC-H1 digital camera., CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Franceville Biota By Ventus55 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Anthracite Coal By Amcyrus2012 - Own work, CC BY 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Coal By Amcyrus2012 - Own work, CC BY 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Gunflint Microfossils Alleon, J. et al. Molecular preservation of 1.88 Ga Gunflint organic microfossils as a function of temperature and mineralogy. Nat. Commun. 7:11977 doi: 10.1038/ncomms11977 (2016).Cyanobacteria By CSIRO, CC BY 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Franceville Biota Microfossils El Albani A, Bengtson S, Canfield DE, Riboulleau A, Rollion Bard C, et al., CC BY 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
Kola borehole sealed shut By Rakot13 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Kola borehole By Bigest - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Subduction Image By KDS4444 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Correction: Melody at the beginning is Ukrainian not specifically Soviet.
References and follow up reading:
www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/ask-smithsonian-whats-deepest-hole-ever-dug-180954349/
inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/25/037/25037437.pdf
pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0517/report.pdf
medium.com/the-physics-arxiv-blog/in-the-1970s-scientists-discovered-a-2-billion-year-old-nuclear-reactor-in-west-africa-4472460b82c2
www.scientificamerican.com/article/ancient-nuclear-reactor/
www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/magazines/bulletin/bull17-5/17505004447.pdf
www.livescience.com/64743-oldest-motility-on-earth.html
www.bbc.com/future/article/20190503-the-deepest-hole-we-have-ever-dug
www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/barghoorn-jr-elso-s.pdf
news.cnrs.fr/articles/life-was-already-moving-21-billion-years-ago www.wired.com/2010/06/early-multicellularity/
www.science20.com/news_articles/gabon_fossils_reveal_complex_multicellular_life_2_billion_years_old
Soviets never intended to send men on moon, what if they refused to return?
Please bring subtitles back 😉
@@elhombredeoro955 😂😂😂 🖖
A Marine Transgression
Oceans behaving badly!
Naughty naughty oceans!
!:-)🖖
Stirling content! 🏆🏆🏆
smithsonian what a bunch of crap ask them where they are keeping the bones of the giants they are good at hiding the truth good luck trying to convince me of your bullshit
History Channel: Here’s a pawn store and/or a storage unit. Discovery Channel: here are some some truckers. This channel: here’s actual science and history for you. Thank you!
Bcuz alien
Don't forget the history of: bigfoot, chupacabra, abominable snowman, aliens, loch ness, ghosts, ouija boards, demons, witches, warlocks, vampires, pixies, leprechauns and all sorts of other freakness, even if aliens exist, they certainly aren't represented by the freak history channel has.
@@gja111075 choppers anyone?
I'm really showing my age with this comment, but I 'member when History Channel showed actual history, Discovery Channel made discoveries, and Animal Planet was about animals. The change happened slowly, at first, then they lost prime time to Pawn stars and the like
miss the good old days of real tv programing, through the history channel had been big on world war two. through a&e was called the hitler channel so much then on germany and world war two they then discovered lowbrows and selling to them.
These presentations are masterful. The order in which the stories are pieced together combined with
spot-on narrative and impactful imagery is simply brilliant
I've heard that more recently the theory is that some heavier elements such as uranium were actually most likely formed in neutron star mergers and not in supernovas themselves. It doesn't make a major difference for the purposes here, as the point is that almost all uranium on Earth was created at the same time billions of years ago, but the closer details and theories of nucleosynthesis might be worth exploring more closely in the later episodes of the sister series on the history of the universe.
After having watched a good number of videos in both series, I think you are due the praise that you deserve. Not only am I fascinated by the contents you present, but I am a writer (novelist) and I do appreciate the language with which you package your information very much. Sometimes it borders on poetry which delight in reading and writing at times. I can see how much effort you have put into the language you use to present what you have to say. Thank you very much
Quite redundant. Just say: Delightful use of poetic-prose. Writer?
@@jimwynn6421 You're critical of someone's phrasing whilst committing war crimes on hyphens? Bad form.
Thanks for not ruining this with loud obnoxious music and unnecessary theatrics 👌🏻
Shout out to the camera man who was able to record this for billions of years
I’m sure it was a team effort not just one guy. No one could carry that many batteries by themselves
Yikes how do they know all these details from looking at rocks?
@@bugman7579 Geology is not the study of "looking" at rocks. Geology uses Chemistry to study the History of material formations of Earth.
Maybe it was bear grills the big fake.
@BASSdelight Please, climb by into your baby crib.
Nice job! I just want to point out that we have fresh samples from the Earth's mantle, they are taken out by some kinds of magmas that rise up in few hours from below the Moho. They are called mantle xenoliths and are stunningly beautiful, with the lime green olivine as dominant constituent. Love them so much.
7:06 - Far from being still or quiet, the ice-covered ocean was constantly in movement, due to currents below it, but mainly due to the tidal force of the moon on both the near and far side. Tides were only a little larger than today, with around 20% higher lunar gravity on Earth's surface. Plus the Earth rotated more quickly, and so the tides were more frequent.
And so, the surface of the sea ice would produce a lot of scary ice sounds, and move around a lot, like a glacier on the sea in a tidal bay.
So it's wrong to think of ice-covered oceans behaving like ice on land - which is for the most part, still and quiet.
Apart from the equator and the deepest parts of the oceans the ice went all the way to the sea floor for that reason except possibly at the equator(the deepest parts would not have been big enough to have currents and the small gap at the equator might not have been too) there would be no currents.
I just want to add, the writing in this series is off the charts. If it is the work of one person, then we have a world-class talent at work. I feel fortunate to have met this person, if only in words. The words really are that good.
Thank you so so much! Your comment brought a tear to this lonely writer’s eye.
They credit Leyla Batinson for research and writing. You can check her channel
nicely put!
@@SomethingIncredible hat's off to you. I do some technical writing and teaching and I can appreciate brilliance when I see it. Keep at it. The universe has noticed.
It is poetry, this writing. It's information, yet it's delivered with a feeling like warm summer rain.
One doesn't even need to have special interests in subjects like these to enjoy them. For many students, method of presentation determines whether they are boring or fascinating and ultimately learning valuable knowledge. Congratulations on a super channel, that from the many comments on here, you can have real pride in your work.
Indeed, it's just knowledge, almost mystic knowledge... but as real as it gets.
Only thing I learnt was how stupid this was to do.
11:33 "Toxic Geezers" had me thinking of some of the seniors I've known in life XD
It's how we pronounce it. Suck it up, just like we ignore quaint American ways of saying things.
@@owenshebbeare2999 Take a joke, buddy. It wasn't an attack on the British pronunciation, nor was it a complaint. People are allowed to find humor in harmless things like that.
@@owenshebbeare2999 you and no one else, lol.
Wow! I don’t know how to search comments for keywords, so hadn’t seen your comment when i wrote mine. I’ll leave mine up just so you can read it and see how closely they match.
Watching this makes me wonder about how the future will play out. One day, the volcanoes will erupt again; the ice will cover the earth. And what will humanity look like when that happens. We truly live in a golden age, and we should appreciate it.
World will be gone long before then
the quality of these videos is just insane
Yes
Left me speechless for hours 😶
@@nolanreach2088 lol 🤦♂️
I agree. They all deserve a pay rise and drinks
Like discovery channel and national geo........when they used to make good programs obviously
Who funds this ? This is better than most if not all tv documentaries.
This channel needs a Patreon account to fund it
Good question...
viewers like you
Magelin streaming service lol
@@HashFace253 lol pretty much
Thank you for the visual of Split Rock Lighthouse at 24:29, a reminder of my first cross-border trip as a pre-teen up Minnesota's North Shore by station wagon to Thunder Bay, then called Fort Williams and Port Arthur, Ontario. The reward was the Malkin's jam we brought back from Canada and enjoyed at breakfast for several weeks.
this channel is absolutely fantastic. I saw the "great oxidation event" first then started watching from the start. It's really impressive what you've done with just narration and some footage and stills. There is quite a lot of information that can be difficult to follow. I'm often rewinding a bit because I didn't catch something. I think it may be easier to follow if there was also occasionally some text on the screen - for example if the narrator says "two billion years ago" showing that on the screen, or that some life combined or evolved with some other. not whole sentences but just a couple of words.
Looking at prehistoric earth, it makes me realize how insignificant we are. This doesn’t make life feel hopeless, though, it just makes me appreciate it more. It humbled me in some strange way.
Edit: didn’t expect to get hardcore Christians to flood the replies lmao. Isn’t there something in there that says not to flaunt your beliefs around? I already believe in god, I don’t need lectures on not wearing wool and Lenin together or to not eat pork.
I appreciate life with and without god, I’m humbled by the reality we’ve been through.
I believe that god made the universe to be vast and huge (not bigger than him, for he is everything and more), he made space to exist for us to one day explore even if it seems impossible.
So y’all can chill out with the rapture and fear-mongering about raptures and stuff.
"angry religious face intensifies"
Hello fellow cluster of space dust
Made me realize that humans destroying the Earth, ruining it's habitability for our own species in the pursuit of their lives is also natural-- the behavior of a dumb/blind organism. In a sense, conservation is un-natural. Don't get me wrong, conserving the planet is a good thing, but the ability to actively decide to NOT exploit an environment when we easily could is unique to us as an organism.
Humans are unoriginal by about 2 billion years. The Virgin Anthropocene Extinctions vs the Chad Oxygenation Event.
>tfw u don evn kil 99% of all life b4 pwning urself
Realise how lucky you are to be alive right now in history where this stuff is happening and you can learn and understand it
@@mosesbrown4126 its funny when people say we are killing the planet as we are not we are slowly killing ourselves , the rest of earth will soon sort its self out and life will flourish again
It is lovely and refreshing to have a CZcamsr talk about the Kola Bore Hole without spouting absolute rubbish about 'sounds from hell' or showing images from things with not the slightest relevance to the bore hole, like open cast mines in Canada for instance.
Just because you call it rubbish or do not believe it, doesn't mean it isn't true. What if it is true what you've just called "rubbish 'sounds from hell'"?
@@dognini Hahaha haha. And you call yourself Wisdom? Hahahahaha
You’re in for a rude awakening.
Cola Bore Hole, thought that was an early teens' room after several weeks of forced stay at home because of Corona outbreak at school
@@dognini Considering this particular story was specifically created by a Swedish (I think? Nordic at least) teacher who wanted to show to his students how easily a fake story could go viral, chances that it's true are rather astonishingly small.
You have outstanding content. Really well done. You deserve much more than a CZcams channel. I've watched a lot of your docs, just happened to finally comment on this one before even watching it.
I just stumbled over this channel and insta-subbed. I very much appreciate you listing sources and provide links for further reading. While being standard in the scientific community, it is unfortunately quite uncommon for youtube channels. Also, the presentation entertains quite well. Greetings from Germany.
Knowledge is the catalyst that stimulates the brain into realizing that everything leads to everything else. I never get tired of learning the nuances of all things. 👍🏻
Except is not inevitable, there are multiple ways to solve a probability space and life only shows some of those.
It's really refreshing to watch an educational and informative video where the majority of comments aren't dumb jokes and memes.
This has always confused me. It was called the space race, not the race to the moon. It's true the soviets didn't get to the moon first, but they most definitely won the race by getting to space sooner.
Thank you for this video, the work done here is appreciated.
The quality of writing of these videos is very high. I don't know if people realize the incredible work it requires, the mental process blending poetic imagination and rigorous method. It's a work of art.
Congratulations and deep respect.
This is the second best yt channel: History of the universe is my fav
Journey to the microcosmos is really good aswell
You right
Isaac arthur, anton petrov, scot manley , SEA sorry for wrong writing but these are prime and of course everyday astronaut ... want more?
@@JDHGaming thx did not know this one
@@PHOBOS1708 ok fine its like a 8 way tie :) :) :)
The Soviets arguably won the Space Race when it comes to "firsts". The manned moon landing was pretty much the only aspect the USA did first and afterwards moved the goal posts to "that has always been the declared goal of the Space Race actually".
Thanks so much for these videos. I love this channel, so informative, clear, comprehensive and well written... a delight for anyone fascinated by geology!
So, I got at your channels by way of Pete's HT stuff, and I am SO grateful that I found both of you. You both have amazing vocal talent, and I enjoy the variations on the history theme, from VOTP to the newer World and Universal timelines. I've already got Magellan and Curiosity Stream, thanks to you guys. I really hope you both continue in this vein, and are well compensated for your efforts.
Cheers.
The music combined with the writing, imagery and narration in this... its just absolutely superb. This was not only informative and educational but also relaxing. I feel as though I have just had a brain massage :)
Amazing and so well presented!
Love this channel...thank you for your work
Have you all sold your documentaries to Netflix yet? These are so well done and enjoyable to watch. Better than a lot that are playing on some of the major nature/history/science media sources
Wonderful as always. I know a lot of this stuff, but you always uncover bits of research, discoveries, and stories of individual researchers I don't know about, and the art and language you use make it a lyrical meditation as well as one of the most informative documentary series out there. It reminds me of the wonder I felt watching the original Cosmos with my parents when it first aired. I wish Carl Sagan himself could see this; he'd be delighted.
Beautiful video! Thanks!
indonesia merupakan salah satu tempat terbaik untuk blajar geologi, lokasi yang strategis dengan kondisi geologi yang kompleks 👍
I just have to thank the producers of this series.I was amazed at how they went into depth on explanation and kept the technical aspects on a level that all could apprehend. This program was very entertaining and informative to words that are seldom paired when dealing with such a topic as this.I thank you for your hard work to give us such a great documentary. I beg you to keep up the Great work .
As a geochemist ocean drilling data is a gold mine for me.☺️
Amazing, information, easily understood
Well this is really top class..the great commentary, images, info. Absolute pleasure thank you. 🌏☺
To the crew .... Outstanding work. Thank you for all the excellent information and education that you provide us.
Fantastic video! Can't wait to watch the rest of this series
whatching Gorden get in the car and drive towards us, brought a tear to my eye, awesome.
This whole series is absolutely fantastic!
I just love the beautiful pictures you paint with your words on your introductions. I watch your videos at least twice. Once without watching the video and just imagining what is there. Then I watch the video to see how far off I was. Lol
@@Bensven you are right. It's older than that.
This series should be mandatory viewing in secondary and primary schools. It delivers its content intelligently, its narration is in correct English grammar with no slang and it doesn't shy away from words of more than two syllables. This is how U.K. education used to be.
It would never be approved in America since it doesn’t put down white people of European descent and the fact that they’re all rascists at conception.
HECK NO BROTHER IT DOESNT MENTION THE BABY JESUS OR GUNS OR NATTY LIGHT AT ALL
@@revolvermaster4939 Aww, is the little alt-right incel triggered? Does he need his safe space?
You are correct about one thing it certainly was how the Empire used to educate their submissive people in and before the 1970,s
@@MaureenLycaon Keep being unoriginal lefty.
Thank you. Excellent videos
I hope russians find this comment by watching to this incredible science video
This channel does a fantastic job at making me feel small but part of this fascinating world
What a great surprise. Remarcable material. Congratulations and thanks!
I adore your fabulous work. As historian and sociologist of science I especially enjoy how you frame your video essays with the context of discovery. Chapeau from Geneva, Switzerland.
Doesn't chapeau mean hat?
@@markfox1545 It also means "I salute you in high respect".
@@markfox1545 Yes, the word itself means hat. Chapeau directed at someone is a way of expressing respect towards them.
Quit tripping! WHAT WAS IT LIKE ON GHAYAH (earth) BEFORE THE LAST ICE AGE!?!?!?
That is the eye-opening question westerners avoid.
Why keep skipping over the MEGAFAUNA AGE?
Why do we know more about so-called dinosaurs than the mammalian MEGAFAUNASORS???
Darwinazis don’t want you to go there.
How is someone a sociologist of science? Sociology is the study of people/culture/society
Absolutely love these videos ❤❤
Very informative one. 🍂👍
Love your work and look forward to your new uploads, thank you
This is simply one of the best I have seen on this subject. Thank you
Very eloquent. A linguistic work of art!
A very enjoyable video to watch.
Your voice, accent, and clarity of speech are ideal for this kind of post.
Geezers erupt a lot more than that cmon!
I enjoyed this episode immensely, thank you.
Great stuff
Great presentation. I am watching alot of the lectursodes or episodes of lectures from this channel. It would be great if it was in chronological order of some kind. I am jumping around by billions of years ! Lol thank you great info well presented. Aloha
I really love the whole staging of this video. Every piece is perfect. Very, very high quality work. You need more exposure. Can you tell me what music you have used around 12:00?
Magnificent as always, well done and thank you.
These are all so, so beautiful to watch.
Yet another exquisite video from the History of the Earth! I'm glad you mention the Gunflint Range. The Superior region has a fascinating geological history. It's fortunate that the range survived, given the formation of the Midcontinent Rift System since the rift formed very close to the Gunflint Chert.
Very informative video. Thanks.
This documentary is amazing!! It has this good quality, am your new subscriber. Thanks for making this video
I enjoyed that, thank you.
Thank you so much for sharing such fascinating videos about the mysteries of the universe! I'm always in awe of the wonders that exist beyond our planet.
Brilliant. Keep up the good work guys.
Brilliant channel, I have your updating playlist. ❤️
Thank you!
You have taken your viewers for a hell of a ride millions of years back in time! Whoa! It was amazing! Thank you 💗
Absolutely amazing tv, thank you for educating us
finally! excellent!
i want this guy to read me bedtime stories. these are really great pieces of work
The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959. The United States' Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969.
All brought to you by the "socialism" of low cost or free education provided to the returning WW2 vets who went from being warriors to become the most productive cadre of scientists and engineers the world has ever seen. Their payroll taxes repaid the investment society made in them 10 times over. And then came Reagan, who didn't see how paying it forward was going to benefit him and his donors. Profits are reported quarterly and if kids want an education then let them pay for it? Need a loan? I'll introduce you to my banker.
"Have a cigar! You're gonna go far! Btw, which one's Pink?"
F$#k Republicans.
@@76rjackson Thats some socialist horse crap...fawk demoncraps
@@76rjackson I aint see Mao land on the moon
@@usada3027 China has been landing rovers on the moon. Pay attention
Yeah, since China has been leaning more toward capitalism, plus stealing technology from capitalist US, now they’re in space.
I appreciate that you explain the examples of modern historical events that lead to the conclusions that are portrayed. This gives more credence to the theories that are produced, and then conveyed here. Rather than just 'Taking your word for it.' Thank you, very enjoyable to watch.
Let's save mother earth. We don't have leave this world where our ancestors lived.
"Toxic Geezers" sounds like a senior citizen metal band.
11:32
Another outstanding production!
The Soviets helped geological surveys to an incredible degree in general. To this day there's abandoned storages in Siberia with millions of valuable samples
@@vhawk1951kl I actually did, meanwhile you're subbed to PJW and Fox News. You're in no position to talk about any person on the planet being any farther sunken into pseudoscience & hearsay in favour of extremist politics.
@@Argacyan That's so cool!
I really hope Putin gets done away with soon, so that there can be peace with Russia again and the scientific cooperation can commence.
Interesting video documentary
Great graphics of the possible worm-like trails through the sediment. A well-made program with superb content; I could stiil do with fewer adoring dramatic pauses.
2:00 - "...known as the Moho."
Hey, that's like the planet in KSP.
2:05 - "...so-called project Mohole..."
🤨
yeah
Very true bro
I noticed that too.
Fascinating as always. We are part of this quite rare planetary adventure of *life* , hopefully we will learn and not cause yet another mass extinction, of which we'd be among the victims.
Do love this channel.. its so peaceful compaired to a lot of the other daft stuff i watch lol :)
Amazing channel 10/10
Leila Battison is a wonderful writer and David Kelly is a great narrator.
What an amazing life that our planet has had!! 🤯 Two billion year old coal created by algae...wow!
@@vhawk1951kl It's called EVIDENCE.
@@vhawk1951kl news flash ... the world's not flat, in case you missed it.
Cannot believe you 'believe' so much imagination on what really happened in earth's history
'Researchers believe' whatever 'discovery' they want you to believe ...and they get recognition for!
@BazPearce ...I do NOT see 'evidence'
La vostra Entire History of The Earth entra finalmente nelle mie traversate ed è così energetica che la valuto così: E' arth/arte!
Wow very educational
How the heck are you churning out content with production value this high!?
Its just stock footage. Any premium subscription to that service will get you the same results. Its not magic.
The spoken part is just history that is already written.
Pick up a book
@@vuetoob3983 Yea, perhaps follow your own advice and do some reading instead writing stupid comments.
@@vuetoob3983 honestly, this has become the general problem of “educational videos” on CZcams, it bastardizes any actual education by only going over surface level understandings of subject matters in general, ones that have been written about a thousand times on books.
@@vuetoob3983 If its so easy where's your channel
@@vuetoob3983 You got burnt, son.
Go back and add the Sudbury impact. You were already there with the Ontario deposits. The Sudbury Basin (/ˈsʌdbəri/), also known as Sudbury Structure or the Sudbury Nickel Irruptive, is a major geological structure in Ontario, Canada. It is the third-largest known impact crater or astrobleme on Earth, as well as one of the oldest.[1] The crater formed 1.849 billion years ago in the Paleoproterozoic era
Current research suggests it massively changed ocean chemistry.
I don;t often notice the background music, but that violin was pretty amazing.
Actually , these are all really good choices. I'm impressed. Again.
Should be shown in schools, top quality guys thank you!
I just stumbled on this channel, I'm so happy I did.
I grew up at the end of the USA vs. the USSR races. Looking back it was a very productive competition. Even keeping politics a little out of it. I forgot about the digging competition,I'm glad it's provening worthwhile.
To bad China ,meaning the CCP can't separate itself from politics ,their loss, honestlyI'm glad.. Russia is on board the ISS, I always look at that as a mini country without killing each other.
One of my favourite videos on the entire internet.
Beautiful earth 🌎
You had me at “tectonic sumo” 😁