Discovering the relativistic Dirac equation with Paul Dirac and graphene

Einstein's special relativity, introduced in 1905, completely revolutionized our understanding of space and time. It requires that the laws of physics are invariant under Lorentz transformations, and that time and space are relative and treated on equal footing. Einstein’s special theory of relativity has been confirmed in many experiments, including the observations of time dilation by different experimental groups. The Schrödinger's wave equation, formulated in 1926, on the other hand, is a fundamental equation describing the subatomic realm. It ushered in the era of quantum mechanics and successfully accounts for the diffraction of electrons, discrete spectra of atomic gases, particularly that of hydrogen, among many others. Two yeas later, Paul Dirac successfully obtained a relativistic wave equation, which fully accounts for special relativity in the context of quantum mechanics. In this video, we shall follow Dirac and understand his motivation and lines of reasoning that led him to his famous equation. We will derive the Dirac equation and understand why the bi-spinor or 4 components structure of the wavefunction is the minimal dimensionality to obtain a relativistic analog to the quantum wave equation. The Dirac equation also introduced conceptually difficult concepts such as negative energies solutions, the prediction of the positron, and the idea of the Dirac sea. In this video, we will use graphene to unravel some of these difficult concepts through tabletop experiments. You shall be amazed by how some of these esoteric ideas can be understood in very intuitive terms in simple experiments with graphene.

[@sirwinston2368]

The bot voice is subpar. You get a C- right off the bat. Otherwise, pretty good video. Phenomenal video of the man himself. Stupendous! Thank you.

[@professornanoscience]

Thank you for your feedback! I hope the AI voice generator will improve with time.

[@barryzeeberg3672]

yes, so annoying that I stopped listening after 30 seconds.

[@warrengibson7898]

Please scrap the fake voice and get a human to read a script, even if there are occasional stumbles.

[@maxst6647]

@@professornanoscience Please cease to use AI to generate a "voice": just stop it. An actual human voice is far preferable and would greatly improve your video, which is otherwise very good.

[@pseudolullus]

Nice timing, I was studying about Dirac cones

[@ALiraqi-cu3bs]

Thank you. I was looking for that. What do you think about the future of physics in the Middle East?

[@swamihuman9395]

- FANTASTIC EXPLANATION/PRESENTATION (assuming all aspects are correct - which, though I have considerable relevant prerequisites, I cannot fully vet).
- As for the bot voice, I find it "acceptable". Also, I'm assuming this is from a human script, not AI (correct?).
- I was aware that the Dirac Equation predicted anti-matter ("positron", specifically), and even that it was a result of there being two solutions - but, I did not know why this implied anti-matter. Now I do :) Thx.
- And, I did not know Dirac's full motivation: specifically, his objection to the Klein-Gordon formulation, and his insistence on adhering to the Schrödinger Equation, and Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. Now I do :)
- Also, inclusion of video of Dirac lecture is a nice touch.
- Finally, the graphene example, including discussion relating the Dirac Equation to it, along w/ ongoing research/experimentation, was very interesting/informative.

[@professornanoscience]

Thanks for the feedback! On your question, yes, I wrote the script... luckily generative AI is still not able to do this, else all teachers will be out of job :)

[@MK-wn6hl]

Great work! At 11.53 the Dirac matrices are defined incorrectly.

[@joestitz239]

From 15:40 to 17:07 can likely be where gravity is formed. By there being pocketed positive energy states among- between some of the empty spaces in the negative energy states.
Upon the two now there attracting so knitted, gravity is the biproduct.
Gravity itself grows from these countless + - states thus unto attracting itself-- thus no longer needs the negative/positive energy it began from. (Gravity leaves the nest)
Yes for it to form, there must be a positive energy- filling in that say, every 137th empty space among the negative energy states.

[@takoroto8809]

VERY intrest thanks

[@winterrain870]

Elegant Equations.

[@user-ii4ex3ff7w]

Students from St. Finian's College Secondary School Mullingar Co Westmeath Ireland 🇮🇪 who LOVE PHYSICS, will study theoretical physics in Trinity or UCD

[@aumperialism]

Great work explaining this sir!

[@user-fl7oc5vv6g]

В школьном автобусе выполним опыт Майкельсона-Морли определим прямолинейную скорость - о таком опыте мечтал Эйнштейн. Где возможно будем наблюдать постулаты "Свет это упорядоченная вибрация гравитационных квантов и Доминантные гравитационные поля управляют скоростью света в вакууме".
Есть предложение на совместное изобретения ГИБРИД гироскопа из не круглых катушек с оптическим волокном, где - свет в каждом плече проходит по 18000 метров при этом, не превышая параметры 0,4/0,4/0,4 метра и вес - 4 кг.

[@dsaun777]

The Dee Rack equation!!

[@ronaldjorgensen6839]

MICROCOSMOLAGY NATURES CHEMISTRY

[@user-ii4ex3ff7w]

St. Finian's College Secondary School Mullingar Co Westmeath Ireland 🇮🇪
Medicine
Theoretical Physics
McDonald's
ALDI
iPhone 15 Pro Max 1TB

[@cheponis]

La PLASS ee an -- pronounced weird here.

[@NFL_31258]

The robot voice is too annoying