ÇATALHÖYÜK: "it's about the people" - 7,000 BC mega-site revealed.
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- čas přidán 11. 07. 2024
- In November 2023 we we visited Çatalhöyük as part of the Göbekli Tepe to Stonehenge project (buymeacoffee.com/prehistoryguys). We were not there for long, but as you can imagine, we were left with a lasting impression.
Here we present an introduction to and an overview of the site - coupled with our own personal observations and reflections. We hope you find it valuable and enlightening. For too long, it has lived in the shadow of the other Turkish mega-site some 500 miles to the east!
00:00 - What is Çatalhöyük?
04:52 - What were the houses like inside?
10:01 - Do we know what the societal structure was like at Çatalhöyük?
15:55 - What was their relationship to death?
21:28 - How many people lived there and how did they subsist?
26:18 - What about the material culture?
30:00 - What did you takeaway from visiting Çatalhöyük?
32:42 - What would you like them to find at Çatalhöyük?
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Excellent documentary! Totally professional and very informative. Thanks for the insight and all the effort you two put in to bring us such high quality work!
One of the best channels out there, to be sure, and one of the very few I *always* make time for.
Thank you both so much
Another great video guys! You've played a BIG part in the reason I've been visiting amazing sites throughout Europe; like Dolmen de Menga in Spain, Newgrange in Ireland, La Hougue Bie Passage Grave in Jersey UK, Ruin Stones in Sweden, Carnac in Brittanny and many... many more. Thank you.
Love this format! Great video guys!
This is such a comfortable format. It was like getting to hang out in the room with one's favorite professors. As long as I stayed quiet, they might go on for ages. I would just keep the sweet tea coming. (I'm from the southern USA. I'd supply whatever was customary to the attendees.)
You put into words very well the exact thoughts and feelings I have while watching this; also, sweet tea sounds excellent, or perhaps a nice Arnold Palmer?
I discovered your channel about a month ago and I have been binge watching your back catalogue eversince. Fascinating, informative and dare I say humorous when appropriate.
Brilliant discussion!! Wonderfully informative!! You guys really put the pieces together with this.
As you continue to “dig deeper “ the only thing being unearthed are a boat load of “dumb ass” questions from my head. All of which would take daily 3 hour tutorials and a library full of research papers. Please keep this stuff coming. Yours, A humble chef
Thank you for another interesting and informative video - living my archaeological life vicariously via your journeys and enjoying every minute.
Wow! Thanks for the terrific production! Seamless editing.
I like this new format guys!
Oh yes! Thank you! This is lovely.
love the content AND the format - kudos gents!
Great mini film as always...so informative & so accessible to the non professional that requires depth & substance like myself. It's your strength guys, thankyou so much 😊
This is your best format so far - a lot of very interesting information in a very dens time, that keeps your audience paying attention and wanting more. And as a viewer of this content is makes your mind speculate in all sort of directions. Excellent!
It would be very interesting to hear what an archaeologist from one or the Puebloan communities would have to say about Catalhoyuk.
The oldest villages on the slopes of the Azores have a similar format. ❤
Yes it would!
I love the concept of the video. With this Q&A concept, it's more enjoyable and easier to understand the different features of the sites. :)
Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us. Appreciated.
Super enjoyable chat that fellas :) very interesting stuff.
Great presentation🌍
Yay! I've been so excited about this video! 🎉
Have to say "excellent job!" on the efficient editing here.
So many YT channels ramble on, that I often block them, just for wasting my time.
Here, the PG team has greatly improved their "watchibility".
Really excellent. Thank you felllas
Thank you! You are really on a roll… 😄
Beautiful -- the information is so clearly presented and organized. This is the best documentary on the subject that I've seen so far.
Fascinating!
This female figures, particularly the enthroned figure, seem to reinforce Maria Gambutas's theory of the mother goddess. The goddess or matriarch on the throne is seen frequently in other ancient cultures as well.
What I found interesting was the agricultural aspect of the culture with the additional presence of animal paintings, suggesting both farming and hunter-gatherer societies, which I thought you might discuss. In such a permanently settled region, I'm wondering if it's possible to speculate on the role of hunting. Did perhaps hunting parties follow the herds and return? This society seems to breach two types of existence; the wall art resembles cave paintings, which may have been a cultural memory along with a settled agricultural life and fixed burial customs.
Thanks for this video.
Wonderful, very informative and entertaining at the same time!😊
This was the first major prehistoric site in Turkey that I heard about. I even had a book from the 1980's that had a chapter about it, mentioning how the houses were accessed through the roof, and there were burials under sleeping areas in the houses. It also mentioned the practice of plastering skulls to make a representation of the deceased person. It would seem that an obsidian industry was there, and obviously also there was brick making and baking of bread. If 8000 people lived there, I'd think some organisations must have existed. Something like the guilds in the Middle Ages, or a large version of tribal councils. Where there is manufacturing, one would expect trade as well. As you said, so much about the lives of people there seems alien to us, but yet intriguing. I think also the debate about whether or not a community was egalitarian has been applied to sites in the Indus Valley civilisation as well, such as Harappa and Mohenjo Daro. They are about a thousand years younger, but also larger.
perfect Saturday night viewing (in my man cave) whilst the Mrs watches the football!
Very professional and great interpretation of the most recent science, Bravo! Loved this one.
Thank you for the amazingly informative videos. Keep it up please!
I really like this method of editing, to go back and forth like this. It keeps the thing moving along, but still loads of good information from each PHG.
This is AMAZING
Just fascinating!!! Another great video! Love how you guys just point out that nothing is really definitive...and this culture is just fascinating to speculate over...based on things that have been found...or not found yet!
Fabulous! Superbly well put together - you guys doing what you do so well! Thank you.
A fascinating watch…. Thanks Guys 🙏🏼🏴🥃🥃🥃
Entrance through the roof - oh that makes so much sense.
Another fascinating video. I do hope you will visit buster ancient (Neolithic) farm for a comparison of how folk lived at the time of Stonehenge construction. I have a massive disconnect with how advanced they were in the fertile crescent, Mesopotamia & Egypt, while we seem 1000s of years behind in North west Europe! I hope you might also look into the work of Howard Crowhurst (also on YT) on the mathematics and geometry of sites like Carnac, Stonehenge and the temple of King Gudea of Girso in Mesopotamia (c2144bc) which show incredible advanced mathematics and geometry at the times! Many thanks for bringing us these stunning videos 😊
I'm just gobsmacked by your vids educating and opening new doors for me. Goodness me, for years now your content and sources have been astonishing. Thank you again!
Very interesting. Thank you.
The interview format works really well, very nice presentation!
Absolutely Fantastic! This is perhaps the most interesting and enjoyable discussion on this site I've seen to date, and I've seen quite a few. Great Format with Beautifully Edited Content! You guys never disappoint but this one of the best "CZcams-documentaries" I've seen in quite some time. Hope to see many more like this! (I'm sure it was a hell-of-a-lot of work - But Please, May We Have Some More)
Absolutely superb video. Thanks fellas!
Excellent 👌 presentation and explanation.
Listening to you guys is not only informative, but also entertaining and meditative
Excellent discussion. Thank you. HJ
Living in farming all my adult life you don’t need any ruling class all is based on water management.
Really great. Another place on my bucket list to visit now.
First off, very well done! Second, it seems like the community gathering place might just be up on the roofs! :)
Çatalhöyük may be an example from the time period between 'organizing a hierarchy for practicality' and the people at the top of the hierarchy figuring out that they could use their power to 'get more' and exploit people.
Thanks for this magnificent video. It's great to see this very interesting site in it and learn so many interesting facts.
Wonderful discussion and presentation. I felt like I was there.
One question: The very last statement I had a hard time understanding with my poor hearing, even with my earbuds: "It would be a bit of a shock if they found XXX." Found what?
Thanks to anyone for helping me.
Found a T-pillar! A bit of a Göbekli Tepe joke. Thanks for the kind words. M😊
Great dialog, thanks, good work!
Wonderful, so evocative!
Very interesting, I particularly like the idea of fostering the children of others. It may just be for apprenticeship . Great job, thank you.
The haplogroup most closely associated with domesticating cattle also happens to be from the same region.
My guess is that these Megalithic sites were used to trade milk, cheese and grains and most importantly, livestock itself, as a means for specialized tribes to trade their excess with tribes that have made more of other things than themselves.
In short, it's the stone age version of a city, before the need for cities were a thing. It's a seasonal complex where peoples could meet and trade in common, but likely had "priests" or staff that kept the place ready for the seasonal meetings and travellers.
That's just my opinion so far.
What a wonderful reconstruction of those rooms...of course they were not furnished with modern lighting but that being said; fire and pil lamps would have made for a cosy place to be all tucked up in, out of the elements at night. As for group cohesion; Terence McKenna may shed some light on that.
I wonder about the big piggy looking creature that seems to be being attacked by people, a few of whom are headless, the body looks like a pig but the ears look more like horns, the bull skulls with horns in the room lead to believe it is a bull or a bull pig hybrid. I wonder if this could be a precursor of Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven Inanna sent to slay him? Seems to me a lot of myths survive in some form, and maybe this wall is the beginning of that one. If I recall correctly giant rather nasty boars show up in more that one Oral History.
So did they know how to make lime plaster then ?
there´s a video at Ancient Architects, even at Gobekli Tepe there´s a sort of concrete called "terazzo", is a very interesting video about this sort of artificial stone used to make floors.
My most favorite history lads, slamming another one out of the park, as usual💪💪 thank you for all your hard work sirs❤
I love the idea of a fostering, highly nurturing society. Thanks for this one, guys. It's gorgeous.
If there is ANYTHING so "important" that it would interrupt my Sunday Chores,...
I want it to be THIS😊
(THEREFORE IT IS❤)
All the best from Costa Rica ,.,
Fascinating
Thank you
Missed the nearly last word. "Be a bit of a shock if they didn't find a te?(something)" Subtitles didn't help.
Had to listen twice myself, I think it's "Tee pillar", as at Gobekli Tepe, where they form ceremonial spaces.
@@differous01 That makes sense. Thank you.
How on earth could people live in one place for 1500+ years with BlackRock buying up huts 😏
how long a human would live like at that naked and afraid tv show right?
They paid rent
@@RonBurgess hehehe
Bricks! Bricks! The difference between a child with Lego, and a child without.
Wonderfully informative as ever, with open discussion. But, whose bookcase is that in the back of the shots?
Awesome
What was holding this society together? Exactly what holds Nordic countries together: people are contributing to the national project in a fair way and are able to live in a prosperous way. It seems that Creta and the Hindus Valley civilisation too were quite egalitarian and peaceful for a long time. Society had not become mired in materialism yet.
Wow this is great, wish I found your channel earlier! Subscribed
It would be very interesting to see what impact it might have on society if we started teaching all this prehistory in primary schools and Sunday schools before we teach “history” and the baggage that goes with it.
Saw a upload the other day on how industrial revolution in the weaving industry changed many lives. It was a program on making strings, and cloths. With what you say 8k worth of folks, that's lots of cloths needed besides hides from animals. Lots of spinning needed. Lots of kids, like a skill guild to train from young age. A place to teach and produce, folks sent their youth to come to learn ?
Always intrigued me - why no doors? I was interested to see that hut in the much smaller development had a doorway. Was it just there wasn’t enough room in the bigger area?
In many traditions, children are raised by the family and grandparents. It preserves tradition and allows parents to work, though Mother might be near.
Brilliant as always! Just one question,why do you assume that the same family/group of people lived day to day in the same house? Is property ownership not some alien to the earlier people/cultures? Maybe this is why the buriels under the houses are not related?
Funnily, the pictures remind me of Creta, but the roof culture is like the Pueblo Indians. It looks like a really pleasant place!
Very good presentation, thank you. What was the average number of children per house/family?
The way they dealt with their dead has some serious Norman Bates serial killer vibes 😮
Good morning from the sizzling SF Bay Area. I just love the reproduced home, it looks very livable and attractive, wonder if the man puts away his clothes! Hahaha... Thanks for the video.
I bet they had great ghost stories.
I wonder if this site is also run by WEF! If yes, don’t expect to be expanded and maybe the already excavated 5% might be re-burried.
Uncooked dough? What happened there ? Why was it left like that ? Was the house abandoned? Did something happen to the population?
Great video, thanks! I like the 'talking heads' format, but be honest; is it just you two talking to each other?
Kind of. We just asked each other those prearranged questions and this is the heavily edited composite of what came out. Thank you Lewis. M😊
@ThePrehistoryGuys Well, it's very engaging. And fascinating as always. Catal Huyuk seems like one of those early experiments in living that worked just fine , but wasn't the progenitor any later settlements. Or am I wrong about that?
Hi Both, fascinating as usual, and brought many speculations as to when farming arose and how meat and fish were provided. If people were living until 60 years of age there was surely a division of wealth usually only thought of as modern. A town of this size needed all sorts of administrative skills. early thoughts for me which I know you will answer in time.
When living with acacias …irrigation ditches all you need is a schedule of who gets it on what day, no need for hierarchy.
Yeah the idea that if you get more than 200 people together your only choices are ineffective chaos or violent oppression defies the evidence of history. Also 'hierarchical' and 'egalitarian' are both overly-broad and poorly defined terms that describe a huge spectrum of possible ways of organising societies.
@@davidharrison7072 I lived in a small village 350 folks,we had a volunteer fire department, no mayor or council we did fine for years but then rich people started to move there and disrupt things.
@@YarrowPressburg Rich people have been the truest enemy of humanity for millennia.
Imagine living back then and knowing your way of life won't change for a very long time, even long after your death. Nobody would've known what the future will bring. I think about it, and I try to imagine being born 9,000 years ago instead of 34 years ago.
I could live there too!
It seems many people lived in Turkey back in the day, too...
Howudy 👋
If someone was buried in the corner the smell would be overwhelming for about a year. In the highlands of Thailand I’ve seen houses abandoned after someone died there. Then after a year or so a new family could move in - they’re be unrelated.
It's speculation, obviously, but my guess at what was going on with the dead people at Catalhoyuk would be something akin to the famous traditional funerary practices that still exist in some communities of the Torajan people of Indonesia. Torajan people sometimes hold funerals months or years after the death of a loved one. Until the funeral, the corpse is kept as a sort of natural mummy and treated like any living member of the family. The body is only buried when the family has saved up enough to hold a suitable funeral ceremony. The Catalhoyuk people might have done something similar. Maybe they kept the mummies on the 'shrines' in their houses until the time was considered right to put them under the ground. It all suggests that they viewed the people treated this way as still belonging to the community even after death.
How does the recent research papers saying the contemporary (alive at the same time) population of sites like these was more like 800 to 1000 not 8000 affect this video?
usually i dont like this kind of video style, because its associated with annoying speculation. But you guys keep your discussion limited by the evidence and dont wander off into fantasy land. so it makes this style of presentation quite engaging.
What other settlements have been discovered in this time-frame or prior that have a smaller population, but greater than 200? Its seems odd that the oldest settlement of significant size is SO large, and nothing half, quarter, or even 1/10th its size?
The “leader” was a young girl yelling prophecies from the roof top while chemically changed
Somebody had to plan this and build it. Did they have engineers? Math? Schools?
I wanted to learn something about the site, but I could barely stand to listen to these two guys talk about their fantasies of what the community was like, with no proof at all to back up their claims.
It reminds me of a part of the Christian bible, where it says the "two will meet in the air". The experts in their Christian commentaries debated over and over, what that meant. The Bible that was being studied was a Syrian bible, written in the Syrian language, and finally someone began discussing the phrase with local Syrian people. The locals immediately said; "that just means they meet each other with joy and hug and jump up in each others arms, therefore being in the air, for a split second. So much for the experts.
You mention that infant mortality was 20%. This is remarkably low. That to me also indicates medical care, that and the obsidian blades which make such good surgical tools.
Egalitarian societies tend to use round buildings, since round buildings give more space for less resources. Rectangular buildings suggest 1) resource surpluses, 2) some authority greater than the households. 20% child mortality suggests infanticide as a factor, especially if there are genetic differences between interred infants and other bodies. With only 5% excavated, how likely is it that the ghetto has been discovered? Plastered skulls separated from bodies are known throughout the ancient Middle East, and the contemporary 'crystal ball' may be descended from the original skulls used for divining.
I think it is a safe bet that this is not an egalitarian society.
Silicon Valley houses a couple million people. Some areas, like Palo Alto, would show lots of elderly people dying peacefully. That doesn't tell you much about the rest of the valley.
6:40 The people who decorated their houses were foreigners from another continent. That's why they drew a capybara, Okapi and an ant eater on the wall 😜