I see that there are a lot of questions about virtual photons. Sorry, I did not spend more time on this. Here are a few points that might answer some of your questions: 1) In the Feynman diagram showing the interaction of two electrons with a photon exchange in between - this is a virtual photon. It is important to remember that these are not real photons. They cannot actually be detected. They exist only as the force carrier between charged particles. They allow QED quantization in terms of field excitations. 2) In the Feynman diagram showing electron-positron annihilation, this is a real photon. It can be measured. 3) Regarding the question of how charged particles "know" another charged particle exists, particles have no awareness. The quantum field around charged particles changes such that if they have dissimilar charges, a lower energy state is created in the space between the charges - so the particles move there. Conversely, a higher energy state is created in the the space between similarly charged particles, so the charges move away from each other. I made a video here which may help: czcams.com/video/xZqID1zSm0k/video.html 4) Regarding why the charges exchange photons or what exactly a charge is -- no one knows. It is possible that a future TOE may provide these answers.
Thanks this helps a lot. Do we know the mechanism for creating that energy state between the charged particles? Are we able to measure the energy state between the particles experimentally?
Dirac was a genius. He predicted antimatter so accurately. 💚💚💚 in the same way as Einstein predicted gravitational lensing, gravitational redshift and gravitational waves 💚💚
He actually claimed it was the proton, as no positron was known, only in hindsight did he make the connection, that is after the discovery of the positron.
This is something very hard to find in science especially Physics but Arvin is an exception just like QED expert the late professor and Nobel laureate Professor Richard Feynman who is also known as the great explainer.
Please DO NOT SKIP over the explanation of turning a Feynman diagram into a math equation! That is the part we all desperately need to hear, because nobody does that! There exist hundreds of videos already showing how to write out a Feynman diagram, but NONE explaining how that becomes math.
I can quote Feynman: "The physicist has meaning to all the phrases and there's a very important thing that a lot of people who study physics, but don't come from mathematics don't appreciate: That physics is not mathematics and mathematics is not physics. One helps the other.But, you have to have some understanding of the connection of the words with the real world. If necessary, to at the end translate what you figured out into English, into the world of blocks of copper and glass that you're going to do the experiment with, to find out whether the consequences are true. This is a problem which is not a problem of mathematics at all.I've already mentioned the only other relationship that.. of course it obvious how the mathematical reasoning which have been developed are of great power and are in use for physics. On the other hand, sometimes the physicists' reasoning is useful for mathematicians."
@@felicityc Waste of time quoting Feynman's personal opinion. Doesn't help answer my request/need for more demonstration of how to turn Feynman diagrams into math equations (Lagrangians I assume of some type). Human law is not reality. Human economics is not reality. Those are just ideas, too. They are not the physical things themselves. Yet hypocritically a bunch of conservatard snowflakes & crybaby losers are whining that Biden won the US election fairly & squarely by making up a bunch of ABSTRACT IMAGINARY "illegalities" to complain about.
You are really the best science presenter out there, and that's saying a lot. What I REALLY like is your dissection of the equations, specifically what the terms represent. Mathematics is an art. Choosing symbols and deciding how much to compress into each one such that the result paints a concise picture.
You know that part that you do at the end where you enthusiastically promote Square Space and sell a bit of your your soul so that we, your audience, can learn from you, even those of us who cannot afford a formal education… thank you for doing that. Your work is teaching an amateur physicist who is currently writing theories that will change current perceptions.
I am intrigued as to how far you have gotten during the past two years. This recent publication took me about 2 years to research and write: "Ground State Quantum Vortex Proton Model" in Foundations of Physics.
That 2 min introduction in every of your videos was indeed worth to watch. I get a brief intro of what were you about to say on your main focus of the rest of your videos. Great job man.. Many thanks from Malaysia!!!
As always brilliant work from you guy’s. Love the smooth transition from the Diagrams to the equations awesome stuff guys. Even at 47 I’m still learning about this stuff and it’s hard to wrap your head around, so that why I love this channel,. Keep up the great work and I’ll see you in the next episode my friends. Stay save all from Denmark 🇩🇰
Another great video Arvin! I must admit I had to watch this a couple of times to get my head around it just because it's not a simple subject, but once again you made it pretty easy to understand and very interesting. I am in awe of the people who are able to formulate these theories about things that most people don't even consider their existence. It's a shame we only get such a short time on this planet as I'd love to see what science has come up with in 500 years.
Thank you Arvin for the clarity of these videos from the 40's which are still incredibly important. Feynman's most difficult mental computation was for spin angular momentum in a superfluid superconductor. He built mentally magnetic flux tubes through the super fluid pinning lines of flux inside neutron stars. The relative temperature is billions of degrees but to the free electrons approaches relative cold at the pressure down inside the neutron star, thus producing glitches in spin momentum and a slight shift of magnetic strength alters the spin momentum of the mass of spinning neutrons causing either a speed up, slow down, or gradual return to it's previous state of angular momentum. These tremendous forces will be found to produce "fast radio bursts", which happens through spin reduction of the angular momentum. The only area it can be created.
4:27 We don't really throw negative solutions. It just happen that outside of the mathematics community people just throw away "negative" or "non-sense" solutions without closer inspection. This is, I believe, the work of "mathematician" Paul Dirac rather than just a man of conviction.
"That's coming up. Right now!" I admire the entusiasim with which he says this hallmark sentence. From 3.45 onwards, Arvin Ash explains the equation. I am a dud in mathematics. But, even I felt that I understood something. Thumbs up to this great teacher!
I like these short instructive videos. I guess these are made for the intellectually curious and maybe for some serious students who find their professors boring.
Wow, great balance between being rigorous and explaining it intuitively! I really like that you show the equations and give an idea about what they mean.
Thanks Arvin for yet another astounding explanation of our understanding of the quantum world!! I mean this with all sincerity you really have brought so much clarity to me of so many of these deep physical theories! Please don’t ever stop doing what you do! Oh, and thank you for that questionnaire about our preferences on the maths. I saw how you incorporated our answers into the way you explained them in this video! Keep up the good work Arvin! You are my go to guy for all things physics!!
OMG! I have seen these vertices diagram before many times from various CZcams channels, but I never understood it's technicality. But this video explained it very nicely.
El libro "Jesús Fracasoó y Terminó en Desastre", basado en la ley de la atracción, el autor muestra cómo fue la vida de Jesús. Usa versículos de la biblia ... lo recomiendo, el libro es muy bueno. está en Amazon.
Dear Arvin, what can I say that hasn’t been said? Here goes, you’re content and generous presentation, your character, warmth and enthusiasm are quite simply wonderful. You have the ability to maintain focus and intellectual pace in perfect step so that I can follow along without feeling swamped or overwhelmed. Thank you so much for helping me to understand a small part of reality.
I might be a relatively new viewer of your content and I do like it a lot. QED is such a topic that intrigues me all the time hence , I appreciate your hard work. Your efforts for providing quality knowledge can be thoroughly seen in this and almost all your videos. On concluding , although I was familiar with this concept before it does provide a good introduction/brief explanation.
I made two videos on Quantum gravity recently where I talk about how gravity works. But what exactly gravity is or why matter curves spacetime is not known.
In our macro world we can measure or view directly through our naked eyes maybe thats why in macro world everything is fixed and only one states is present. In the case of micro world we cant measure directly or view it from our naked eyes maybe thats why they can be present in any states. Please share your thoughts Arvin regarding this.
Hi Mr. Arvin. I really enjoy your videos!! Thank you for the consistent high quality videos!! I have a question in mind... where do the fermions get the energy to exchange the photons in the first place? Thank you for your time!!
Arvin is a treasure. Wanna fix public schools? Find a million Arvins... a difficulty due to a similar rarity as that Feynman complexity/probability "1%" ratio thing he just described.
If the matter particle moves forward in time and antimatter particle moves backward in time then does it mean matter universe moves from past to future as we do and the antimatter universe moves from future to the past?
The positron does not move backward in time. The math is just the same “as if” a regular electron were going backwards. The arrow in the diagram tracks the ‘electronness’ and the total diagram observes the conservation of fermion number. +1 positron plus -1 electron equals 0 electron (a photon is emitted).
I didn't follow the math till we got to (+1 plus -1) = 0. That I got. That was about it. I did get the Feynman diagrams though. Bless that man; and Arvin too!
I so from Brazil thank you By putting subtitles in Portuguese in your videos in Brazil is complicated so I hope you put more, love your videos, hugs =)
8:10 What causes the electron to emit the virtual particle? How does it detect the presence of the other electron and does it need to know the location of the other electron?
14:30 when you say "QED is accurate to within 1 parts per trillion", what does that mean? Is it predicting the probability of emission/absorption for a certain known system to within one part per trillion? Is it predicting energies to within one part per trillion? Sorry, I got a BS in Nuclear Engineering from UT-Knoxville back in 2010, but this is all still Greek to me. As usual, though, Awesome video Arvin! I greatly appreciate your willingness to teach. You have a gift for describing things so that us laypeople can understand them. Well done.
It has to do with predicted value vs. measured value. The precise calculation I am referring to is the dipole moment of electrons. Here is something right out of Wikipedia: As of February 2007, the best measurement of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the electron was made by the group of Gerald Gabrielse at Harvard University, using a single electron caught in a Penning trap.[3] The difference between the electron's cyclotron frequency and its spin precession frequency in a magnetic field is proportional to g−2. An extremely high precision measurement of the quantized energies of the cyclotron orbits, or Landau levels, of the electron, compared to the quantized energies of the electron's two possible spin orientations, gives a value for the electron's spin g-factor: g/2 = 1.00115965218085(76), a precision of better than one part in a trillion. (The digits in parentheses indicate the standard uncertainty in the last listed digits of the measurement.)
I just passed out 10th and now I am moree interested in learning quantum physics stuff butt I just can't understand everything but I hope one day I will be able to grasp this in ma mind
Ash skates right over the continuing problem of renormalization: the practice of jiggering the math so the "astounding" accuracy actually comes out right.
the speed and calmness in voice in those earlier videos was better. the latest ones seem a lil too fast. may be coz i like to listen to them in peace . overall a great channel to subscribe
Great video incredibly fascinating and mind blowing. Feynman amazing also Dirac Schrodinger even Einstein of course Spacetime curvature matter energy Gravity acceleration etc.also Maxwell prediction from his equations for speed of light amount other incredible phenomenon
Great work, Arvin Ash! I am now wondering how many times these little photons happen over a period of time, and as a result, how much light from photons is in our universe? Math is our friend, and maybe there is an infinity to space and time, but there was so much you flew through so as to give someone like me food for thought for a long time.
I really wouldn't take this photon exchange stuff too seriously. Despite how they're often described, you have to always keep in mind that virtual photons are not real. What happens is when you calculate electromagnetic interactions, you can break the solution down into an infinite series of mathematical terms so that you can calculate them one at a time and add them together. It turns out these terms individually look like their own "interactions" which can be displayed using Feynman diagrams as described in the video. But these interactions aren't really happening. There's no infinite photons being emitted and absobed simultaneously, it's just what this so-called "perturbative expansion" looks like. The only real interaction is the one you get in the end when you add all the terms together (well, you can't add _all_ of them since there are an infinite number, but in the case of QED you can get a very good approximation with only a few terms. QCD is a different matter however, and the calculations get utterly horrible lol.)
A great vid. The only issue is that the conventional magnet with such force field lines movement is wrong. It is a spiral of energy wrapping around the magnet N to S. And there is 2 movements of spiral energy. The weaker left hand movement of electrical force - and the stronger right hand movement of magnetic force - electromagnetism. Both spirals work in opposing movements and motions from either the N or S pole. All energy (wave physics) is a spiraling (and velocity) movement. Think of massive metal shocks on a car or truck. Think of a tinier door spring. Think of a Slinky toy. The sinusoidal movement of wave physics (on a 2D lab scope) does not show that the actual 3D representation that is actually looking sideways at a spiral spring. Look at a stretched out Slinky sideways and you will see wave physics. The higher the frequency of the wave, will be the smaller amplitude of the wave, and the higher velocity of that "particle." Such is the truth, merging wave physics (energy is a wave, Hertz frequency) and particle physics (light and energy are particles, Angstrom lengths). The actual truth is that the whole energy is a spiraling velocity of quark-matter. The manufacturing of quantum quark randomness in the displayed picture is the actual dark universe's interaction in all 3D (and 4D time) as the space-time fabric, the quantum sponge, the continuum, (the ancient's "aether" ... and the modern cosmology CMBR - cosmic microwave background radiation) pushing out all of the many quark compositions into the physical matter universe. Quarks, mesons, baryons, fermions, leptons, bosons, are all stable ;particles that continue to create physical matter. Unstable quark composites will quickly decay back into quarks and fall back into the dark universe.
I sense you question is asking for some deeper meaning, to which science does not hold any answers, at least for now. Physics is about making models for the world, it can not necessarily tell you why.
One of the major oversights to Particles Physics is that it relies on a contradiction, the contradiction being the Area that is Empty "without quanta" AKA "Zero" and yet contradictory to that it is with dimensions implying an area of zero or nothing existing from one surface or boundary to another surface or boundary, "quanta" to the closest other quanta, "A Void where zero is actually not really zero due to the area it occupies, ergo it's a contradiction because an area of nothing must actually equate to an area of zero, anything else is a contradiction. If we are quantifying a system then we should ignore contradictory Data such as empty space, an area or space must have physical quantifiable attributes to it. In short, if we refer to any portion or fraction of The Universe, the entire area must be quantifiable with physical attributes no if's and no buts Eg: "Mass/Energy" or Space-Time, two 2 dimensional mathematical models that should never quantify zero being a quanta or worse less than zero AKA Negative. Facts or mathematics should never EVER contradict they should compliment and sum up always to a whole or 1, ergo we cant contradict ourselves by referring to nothing as if it is with a Length by Width by Height that is greater than zero, nothing should only ever equate to zero period, At the very least particles should be considered as areas of the Universe that are directly abutted to each other, oh and those silly single planed grids your video relied upon are wrong, As the universe is at least 3 dimensional so those single planes should actually model a portion of a gridded Near-Vacuum of a Hypersphere, that has waves propagated through it's gridding which BTW should also make it clear how the potential is propagated through standing waves or "Spheres" as well, and yep.. Because each and every grid must have physical attributes capable of propagating a rise and fall going through it, there obviously is no such thing as Empty space! And yes a 3D standing wave should look like a Sphere, whilst an energetic or propagated wave is a physical attribute that is propagated outwardly in all directions from it's origin, a PHYSICAL rise and fall propagated through Near-Vacuum and whatever standing waves or "Various Atoms" is the way, lets clarify how a standing wave should be a Sphere, "Imagine a 3D gridding Of near Vacuum where several grids have been merged from all directions the result is a less energetic Mass, this merger is the fusion of the most energetic mass "Near-Vacuum" into the lightest Atom Hydrogen, "This BTW is how General Relativity should be animated" having the gridding compressed the most at the core of any given mass or sets of Mass, This is where Particle Physics actually should have the figures compliment General Relativity if TOE is to ever be a reality, alas to this day basic obvious physical constructs are invariably overlooked, anyway I digress.. Having established that nothing in fact equates to zero in all dimensions, It should also be noted that there is no such thing as less than nothing, ergo any negative quanta is actually merely a THEORETICAL Quanta sourced "Borrowed", "Imagined" to be sourced from a quanta greater than zero, usually such practice is practiced when ones theory is at a impasse. In short any theory relying on less than nothing can safely be scoffed at and thus it must be ignored..
I don't know why people don't talk about entropy and uncertainty at the quantum level much. hey Arvin, please make a video on entropic gravity which make more sense than others
They do. It is called Von Neumann entropy. But for entropy to make sense you need an ensemble of particles. So if you do not have that it doesn't make sense to talk about.
ok, so because those small particles move at relatavistic speeds, special relativity applies. QED combines special relativity with quantum mechanics and Maxwell's equations.
So this does allow a peek under the hood so to speak with some intuitive sense of the world somewhat intact. But the question that comes up for me is how many photons or virtual photons are carried around by electrons? Are electrons constantly emitting photons and virtual photons? Or do they just do so randomly when they run into a friend?
nice video as always Arvin.. finally a theory that is closer to reality, QED.. I just hope that physicists will target their efforts into theories that make actual predictions that can be tested and not in theories with mathematics that just work- like string theory- and predict 10 dimensions and 10 to the 500 universes but without any future hope of testing it.. I wanted to ask you, do you think that tiny black holes will be created in a lab in our lifetime or the scales are just too tiny for that? SO the question is, is there any hope that we ll find out what happens inside a black hole in the next 30 years or so?
THANK YOU for taming the background audio. In previous videos, it sounds like Arvin is in a go-go lounge trying to explain stuff while someone does a pole dance just off camera. Previous videos in which the background audio is left wide open have been ruined. This is because there are both words and sentence fragments in those previous videos that are unintelligible because the background music is so (friggin!) loud. It would be worth the post-producer's time to go back and remix those sound tracks.
I heard you loud and clear. We can't go back and repost the earlier videos - YT does not allow that. But we will be adjusting all future videos. Thanks for the feedback.
I was under the impression that a virtual photon was just a disturbance in the field when two electrons move towards each other. Not a fully formed particle.
Your impression is probably correct since virtual photons are not like real photons. But mathematically, the "disturbance" can be modeled as a photon to explain the interaction of two charged particles.
@@ArvinAsh czcams.com/video/VRvM4L3ppHI/video.html I guess that the virtual photon is still in doubt or something. Maybe you could do a video on it by itself. Your videos are incredible and I thank you for them.
You can simplify all of reality into 1 sentence: As above, so below. As you alter your orders of magnitude, you dilate your perception of Time, as Time and Space are interlinked and as you scale down or up, the amount of time and space you occupy also changes. The forces that 'harmonize/actualize' subatomic particles are unknown to us because the Time/Space scale they occupy is so vastly different as to appear solid; otherwise, our universe as we see/hear/taste/smell/feel it would cease to exist. Thus, the entire sub-atomic scale of the universe is actually closed off to us. We are literally formed out of it (imagine the septillions of atomic interactions happening just inside your brain every picosecond, like billions of galaxies evolving over billions of years) and are a universe that is forming the sub-quantum harmonizations required to form a particle to a higher-scale magnitude level of consciousness. This is all logical deduction made from observations we have made with our modern science. They are also reflections of ancient philosophy: Gaia, fractals, God-Man relationship. We are the consciousness of the universe acting on our scale to produce the result required to harmonize and become a 'step in the Pyramid' of ultradimensional consciousness, and we are completely, egotistically, ignorantly unaware of it. (Ancient mankind was not...)
Awesome. Your presentations really help me a lot. Got some questions: 1. The analogy for e- and e+ interaction was depicted by exchanging TWO basketball, but in the Feynman diagram, there's only one photon. Why? (Though, exchanging only one basketball would do the job I think) 2. There was fermion conservation by assigning e- = +1 and e+ = -1. What about boson conservation? Doesn't it lead to assign a virtual photon with a boson number 0? 3. If there's an uncountable(!) number of the virtual photon is exchanging in reality between two fermions, then where this information is given in the Lagrangian? And, is it uncountable?
Quantum mechanics introduced randomness, yet one of the proposed ways of reconciling the results of Bell's Inequality is "superdeterminism." Explain. I dare you! 8:42 Aren't the paths curved from the start? The electrons don't go in a striaght line and then exchange a photon, after which they fly away from each other. Aren't the paths curved from the start?
@@gautamgupta7860 you know the color of the photons are related their frequency. And the frequency is dependant to their energy level. Photons are what light is made out of
I see that there are a lot of questions about virtual photons. Sorry, I did not spend more time on this. Here are a few points that might answer some of your questions:
1) In the Feynman diagram showing the interaction of two electrons with a photon exchange in between - this is a virtual photon. It is important to remember that these are not real photons. They cannot actually be detected. They exist only as the force carrier between charged particles. They allow QED quantization in terms of field excitations.
2) In the Feynman diagram showing electron-positron annihilation, this is a real photon. It can be measured.
3) Regarding the question of how charged particles "know" another charged particle exists, particles have no awareness. The quantum field around charged particles changes such that if they have dissimilar charges, a lower energy state is created in the space between the charges - so the particles move there. Conversely, a higher energy state is created in the the space between similarly charged particles, so the charges move away from each other. I made a video here which may help: czcams.com/video/xZqID1zSm0k/video.html
4) Regarding why the charges exchange photons or what exactly a charge is -- no one knows. It is possible that a future TOE may provide these answers.
Thanks dad!
Thanks this helps a lot. Do we know the mechanism for creating that energy state between the charged particles? Are we able to measure the energy state between the particles experimentally?
I thought my head hurt after watching the video.
Thank you
@@michealmyles269 Is that Russian for Manc?
Dirac was a genius. He predicted antimatter so accurately. 💚💚💚 in the same way as Einstein predicted gravitational lensing, gravitational redshift and gravitational waves 💚💚
Yes a genius among geniuses.
Yep, I would rank Dirac among the 5 greatest physicists of all time.
He actually claimed it was the proton, as no positron was known, only in hindsight did he make the connection, that is
after the discovery of the positron.
@@ArvinAsh In my list, you are the best physicist of 21st century till now!
@@ArvinAsh But he along with his big head physics colleagues gave a very tough time to Feynman when he proposed his ideas.
Arvin Ash: I cannot tell anything with absolute certainty.
QFT: Exactly.
@Brandy Wasay bruh
@Brandy Wasay wrong relative to what?
@Brandy Wasay What Do You mean By Wrong?
@@osufan8278 To itself.
Does “Sergey” originate from ser (spanish “to be”) and “gay”?
Turquoise GoluBoy wagon? ;-)
Wow, it’s awesome to see complicated ideas explained so simply
This is something very hard to find in science especially Physics but Arvin is an exception just like QED expert the late professor and Nobel laureate Professor Richard Feynman who is also known as the great explainer.
Very true !
Please DO NOT SKIP over the explanation of turning a Feynman diagram into a math equation!
That is the part we all desperately need to hear, because nobody does that!
There exist hundreds of videos already showing how to write out a Feynman diagram,
but NONE explaining how that becomes math.
I can quote Feynman:
"The physicist has meaning to all the phrases and there's a very important thing that a lot of people who study physics, but don't come from mathematics don't appreciate: That physics is not mathematics and mathematics is not physics. One helps the other.But, you have to have some understanding of the connection of the words with the real world. If necessary, to at the end translate what you figured out into English, into the world of blocks of copper and glass that you're going to do the experiment with, to find out whether the consequences are true. This is a problem which is not a problem of mathematics at all.I've already mentioned the only other relationship that.. of course it obvious how the mathematical reasoning which have been developed are of great power and are in use for physics. On the other hand, sometimes the physicists' reasoning is useful for mathematicians."
@@felicityc Waste of time quoting Feynman's personal opinion. Doesn't help answer my request/need for more demonstration of how to turn Feynman diagrams into math equations (Lagrangians I assume of some type). Human law is not reality. Human economics is not reality. Those are just ideas, too. They are not the physical things themselves. Yet hypocritically a bunch of conservatard snowflakes & crybaby losers are whining that Biden won the US election fairly & squarely by making up a bunch of ABSTRACT IMAGINARY "illegalities" to complain about.
You are really the best science presenter out there, and that's saying a lot. What I REALLY like is your dissection of the equations, specifically what the terms represent. Mathematics is an art. Choosing symbols and deciding how much to compress into each one such that the result paints a concise picture.
I agree fully! Carefully breaking down equations and explaining their components makes them so much less intimidating haha
I love how you actually show equations and explain terms in it!
You know that part that you do at the end where you enthusiastically promote Square Space and sell a bit of your your soul so that we, your audience, can learn from you, even those of us who cannot afford a formal education… thank you for doing that. Your work is teaching an amateur physicist who is currently writing theories that will change current perceptions.
I am intrigued as to how far you have gotten during the past two years. This recent publication took me about 2 years to research and write: "Ground State Quantum Vortex Proton Model" in Foundations of Physics.
That 2 min introduction in every of your videos was indeed worth to watch. I get a brief intro of what were you about to say on your main focus of the rest of your videos. Great job man.. Many thanks from Malaysia!!!
General Relativity + Quantum Mechanics = General Mechanics
Which is an auto repair shop down the street i live on.
Instructions unclear; Created Quantum Relativity; spacetime is destabilizing into many descrt3 cHп . .: »«»•• ••• •
@xrm160xqw ngl that name sounds sciency
As always brilliant work from you guy’s. Love the smooth transition from the Diagrams to the equations awesome stuff guys. Even at 47 I’m still learning about this stuff and it’s hard to wrap your head around, so that why I love this channel,. Keep up the great work and I’ll see you in the next episode my friends. Stay save all from Denmark 🇩🇰
Thanks. And stay safe buddy.
I have rediscovered physics at 55: I love it ! Arvin is the best !
Another great video Arvin! I must admit I had to watch this a couple of times to get my head around it just because it's not a simple subject, but once again you made it pretty easy to understand and very interesting. I am in awe of the people who are able to formulate these theories about things that most people don't even consider their existence. It's a shame we only get such a short time on this planet as I'd love to see what science has come up with in 500 years.
Glad you enjoyed it! Indeed, it would be nice to be around to see some of these mysteries solved in the future.
By faaaaaaar the most accurate and comprehensive presentasion of QED on youtube.Keep up the great work!!!
Hi, Arvin! Ricardo again. Your clarity is beautiful. Thank you so much for sharing it. Thank you!
Thank you Arvin for the clarity of these videos from the 40's which are still incredibly important. Feynman's most difficult mental computation was for spin angular momentum in a superfluid superconductor. He built mentally magnetic flux tubes through the super fluid pinning lines of flux inside neutron stars. The relative temperature is billions of degrees but to the free electrons approaches relative cold at the pressure down inside the neutron star, thus producing glitches in spin momentum and a slight shift of magnetic strength alters the spin momentum of the mass of spinning neutrons causing either a speed up, slow down, or gradual return to it's previous state of angular momentum. These tremendous forces will be found to produce "fast radio bursts", which happens through spin reduction of the angular momentum. The only area it can be created.
Thank you for making concepts like QED accessible to people like me who never took a physics class. Our universe is truly mind-blowing!
I absolutely have no idea, but i really love watching it
4:27
We don't really throw negative solutions. It just happen that outside of the mathematics community people just throw away "negative" or "non-sense" solutions without closer inspection. This is, I believe, the work of "mathematician" Paul Dirac rather than just a man of conviction.
"That's coming up. Right now!" I admire the entusiasim with which he says this hallmark sentence. From 3.45 onwards, Arvin Ash explains the equation. I am a dud in mathematics. But, even I felt that I understood something. Thumbs up to this great teacher!
I like these short instructive videos. I guess these are made for the intellectually curious and maybe for some serious students who find their professors boring.
Beautiful presentation I’ll rewatch this at least 10 times
Me too
Wow, great balance between being rigorous and explaining it intuitively! I really like that you show the equations and give an idea about what they mean.
Glad it was helpful!
Make this channel fly in the sky because he deserves more than 457k subscribers.
Thanks Arvin for yet another astounding explanation of our understanding of the quantum world!! I mean this with all sincerity you really have brought so much clarity to me of so many of these deep physical theories! Please don’t ever stop doing what you do!
Oh, and thank you for that questionnaire about our preferences on the maths. I saw how you incorporated our answers into the way you explained them in this video! Keep up the good work Arvin! You are my go to guy for all things physics!!
As someone who really benefits from seeing things visually this was outstanding! I love this channel
OMG! I have seen these vertices diagram before many times from various CZcams channels, but I never understood it's technicality. But this video explained it very nicely.
El libro "Jesús Fracasoó y Terminó en Desastre", basado en la ley de la atracción, el autor muestra cómo fue la vida de Jesús. Usa versículos de la biblia ... lo recomiendo, el libro es muy bueno. está en Amazon.
Dear Arvin, what can I say that hasn’t been said? Here goes, you’re content and generous presentation, your character, warmth and enthusiasm are quite simply wonderful. You have the ability to maintain focus and intellectual pace in perfect step so that I can follow along without feeling swamped or overwhelmed. Thank you so much for helping me to understand a small part of reality.
i appreciate that these videos seem to be getting more complex
I might be a relatively new viewer of your content and I do like it a lot. QED is such a topic that intrigues me all the time hence , I appreciate your hard work. Your efforts for providing quality knowledge can be thoroughly seen in this and almost all your videos. On concluding , although I was familiar with this concept before it does provide a good introduction/brief explanation.
your channel is like PBS Spacetime on steroids. I LOVE it!
Awesome, thanks... appreciate the mathematical approach, physics can’t be separated from it...
Arvin, I love how you make ideas easier to understand. Do you have a video explaining why matter curves spacetime?
I made two videos on Quantum gravity recently where I talk about how gravity works. But what exactly gravity is or why matter curves spacetime is not known.
@@ArvinAsh Thanks for the reply. I've seen those (A+). I thought so too, but wasn't 100% sure. Thought maybe I missed something.
The wait is OVER!!!!!!!!!!
:))))))))))
Excellent lecture, Arvin.
Well done.
I await your further lectures.
Wow - outstanding. Absolutely delightful and enlightening by a true master. Thank you for the effort !!
In our macro world we can measure or view directly through our naked eyes maybe thats why in macro world everything is fixed and only one states is present. In the case of micro world we cant measure directly or view it from our naked eyes maybe thats why they can be present in any states. Please share your thoughts Arvin regarding this.
I don't think it is entirely due to observation. See my video on "why don';t tennis balls behave like atoms" for a deeper discussion of this.
Thank you ! Great presentation and excellent audio.
I LOVE ARVIN ASH !!!
Excellent video man. I've been watching your videos since March and learnt a lot from them.
Hi Mr. Arvin. I really enjoy your videos!! Thank you for the consistent high quality videos!!
I have a question in mind... where do the fermions get the energy to exchange the photons in the first place?
Thank you for your time!!
They are virtual photons. It is the quality of the particle called "charge" that causes virtual photon exchange with another charged particle.
Great job :) thanks for good time with your film :)
sir i am from india, and after watching your videos i have started to love quantum physics and wish to work in same in future
Good for you! You can do it. And the world needs more physicists.
Maxwell was a true genius and Arvin Ash is a great presenter and explainer.
I've watched Feynman videos. He doesn't sound at all like the genius he was. More like a NY longshorman! The Feynman diagrams are genius.
The best physicists aren't the cleverest or most knowledgeable but one's that on top of these two can teach what they know...
You deserve 100M subs, love from🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳
Can I get a heart😁😁??
You said exactly what I wanted to say
Such an underrated channel
🧡🤍💚
This is a good one. Nice explanation of Feynman diags and formulation of the equations. Thank you.
Best video of the channel !
Arvin is a treasure. Wanna fix public schools?
Find a million Arvins... a difficulty due to a similar rarity as that Feynman complexity/probability "1%" ratio thing he just described.
I think math would prove a million Arvins do not exist.
If the matter particle moves forward in time and antimatter particle moves backward in time then does it mean matter universe moves from past to future as we do and the antimatter universe moves from future to the past?
The positron does not move backward in time. The math is just the same “as if” a regular electron were going backwards. The arrow in the diagram tracks the ‘electronness’ and the total diagram observes the conservation of fermion number. +1 positron plus -1 electron equals 0 electron (a photon is emitted).
I didn't follow the math till we got to (+1 plus -1) = 0. That I got. That was about it. I did get the Feynman diagrams though. Bless that man; and Arvin too!
I so from Brazil thank you By putting subtitles in Portuguese in your videos in Brazil is complicated so I hope you put more, love your videos, hugs =)
I love this CZcams channel! Always time well spent.
8:10 What causes the electron to emit the virtual particle? How does it detect the presence of the other electron and does it need to know the location of the other electron?
I am so excited for the upcoming video on QCD! :)) and also on a possible future video on Quantum Flavour Dynamics!
alas, flavor is so broken it's barely worth it.
Every time I come here...I learn something new ❤️
Sir your videos are truly awesome keep making such good ones, keep sharing knowledge.....I have seen them all
What I can tell this great video. Next Richard feynman!! How you explain this complex things up. I really understand some how QED. Thanks so much
This is the best thing about Arvin Ash, he explains complicated things so easily 😍
A most excellent presentation!
Thank you!
Wow this is so fascinating! Thank you for sharing! :)
14:30 when you say "QED is accurate to within 1 parts per trillion", what does that mean? Is it predicting the probability of emission/absorption for a certain known system to within one part per trillion? Is it predicting energies to within one part per trillion? Sorry, I got a BS in Nuclear Engineering from UT-Knoxville back in 2010, but this is all still Greek to me. As usual, though, Awesome video Arvin! I greatly appreciate your willingness to teach. You have a gift for describing things so that us laypeople can understand them. Well done.
It has to do with predicted value vs. measured value. The precise calculation I am referring to is the dipole moment of electrons. Here is something right out of Wikipedia:
As of February 2007, the best measurement of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the electron was made by the group of Gerald Gabrielse at Harvard University, using a single electron caught in a Penning trap.[3] The difference between the electron's cyclotron frequency and its spin precession frequency in a magnetic field is proportional to g−2. An extremely high precision measurement of the quantized energies of the cyclotron orbits, or Landau levels, of the electron, compared to the quantized energies of the electron's two possible spin orientations, gives a value for the electron's spin g-factor:
g/2 = 1.00115965218085(76),
a precision of better than one part in a trillion. (The digits in parentheses indicate the standard uncertainty in the last listed digits of the measurement.)
I want to ask Feynman , why he is so genius
I just passed out 10th and now I am moree interested in learning quantum physics stuff butt I just can't understand everything but I hope one day I will be able to grasp this in ma mind
Ash skates right over the continuing problem of renormalization: the practice of jiggering the math so the "astounding" accuracy actually comes out right.
the speed and calmness in voice in those earlier videos was better. the latest ones seem a lil too fast. may be coz i like to listen to them in peace . overall a great channel to subscribe
Arvin could make a video about the warp drive and convince every teen to build one for their science fair.
He did already
czcams.com/video/Imi8-rCicaQ/video.html
As always, very interesting material!
Best science Channel!! Love it👌
Love it! I would be lying if I said I understood everything, but gosh dang, that's pretty interesting!!
Great video incredibly fascinating and mind blowing. Feynman amazing also Dirac Schrodinger even Einstein of course Spacetime curvature matter energy Gravity acceleration etc.also Maxwell prediction from his equations for speed of light amount other incredible phenomenon
Great work, Arvin Ash! I am now wondering how many times these little photons happen over a period of time, and as a result, how much light from photons is in our universe? Math is our friend, and maybe there is an infinity to space and time, but there was so much you flew through so as to give someone like me food for thought for a long time.
I really wouldn't take this photon exchange stuff too seriously. Despite how they're often described, you have to always keep in mind that virtual photons are not real. What happens is when you calculate electromagnetic interactions, you can break the solution down into an infinite series of mathematical terms so that you can calculate them one at a time and add them together. It turns out these terms individually look like their own "interactions" which can be displayed using Feynman diagrams as described in the video. But these interactions aren't really happening. There's no infinite photons being emitted and absobed simultaneously, it's just what this so-called "perturbative expansion" looks like. The only real interaction is the one you get in the end when you add all the terms together (well, you can't add _all_ of them since there are an infinite number, but in the case of QED you can get a very good approximation with only a few terms. QCD is a different matter however, and the calculations get utterly horrible lol.)
@@spinor some plot.
Brilliant work Arvin. Thank you.
Thanks for the great videos man
It looks like time direction is given by whether you are made of particles or antiparticles but in both cases the entropy is seen as increasing.
A great vid. The only issue is that the conventional magnet with such force field lines movement is wrong. It is a spiral of energy wrapping around the magnet N to S. And there is 2 movements of spiral energy. The weaker left hand movement of electrical force - and the stronger right hand movement of magnetic force - electromagnetism. Both spirals work in opposing movements and motions from either the N or S pole.
All energy (wave physics) is a spiraling (and velocity) movement. Think of massive metal shocks on a car or truck. Think of a tinier door spring. Think of a Slinky toy. The sinusoidal movement of wave physics (on a 2D lab scope) does not show that the actual 3D representation that is actually looking sideways at a spiral spring. Look at a stretched out Slinky sideways and you will see wave physics. The higher the frequency of the wave, will be the smaller amplitude of the wave, and the higher velocity of that "particle." Such is the truth, merging wave physics (energy is a wave, Hertz frequency) and particle physics (light and energy are particles, Angstrom lengths). The actual truth is that the whole energy is a spiraling velocity of quark-matter.
The manufacturing of quantum quark randomness in the displayed picture is the actual dark universe's interaction in all 3D (and 4D time) as the space-time fabric, the quantum sponge, the continuum, (the ancient's "aether" ... and the modern cosmology CMBR - cosmic microwave background radiation) pushing out all of the many quark compositions into the physical matter universe. Quarks, mesons, baryons, fermions, leptons, bosons, are all stable ;particles that continue to create physical matter. Unstable quark composites will quickly decay back into quarks and fall back into the dark universe.
Why only moving charges produce magnetic field ?? Could you like to explain it???
@@physicschemistryandquantum810 why??? This is actual question?
I sense you question is asking for some deeper meaning, to which science does not hold any answers, at least for now. Physics is about making models for the world, it can not necessarily tell you why.
@@TheOnlineBlackboard yeah! It is great..to know.. how it work...
Great graphics and script. Thanks!
Your next video should be on entropic gravity because it was second most voted topic on your poll and also I know nothing about it
One of the major oversights to Particles Physics is that it relies on a contradiction, the contradiction being the Area that is Empty "without quanta" AKA "Zero" and yet contradictory to that it is with dimensions implying an area of zero or nothing existing from one surface or boundary to another surface or boundary, "quanta" to the closest other quanta, "A Void where zero is actually not really zero due to the area it occupies, ergo it's a contradiction because an area of nothing must actually equate to an area of zero, anything else is a contradiction.
If we are quantifying a system then we should ignore contradictory Data such as empty space, an area or space must have physical quantifiable attributes to it.
In short, if we refer to any portion or fraction of The Universe, the entire area must be quantifiable with physical attributes no if's and no buts Eg: "Mass/Energy" or Space-Time, two 2 dimensional mathematical models that should never quantify zero being a quanta or worse less than zero AKA Negative.
Facts or mathematics should never EVER contradict they should compliment and sum up always to a whole or 1, ergo we cant contradict ourselves by referring to nothing as if it is with a Length by Width by Height that is greater than zero, nothing should only ever equate to zero period, At the very least particles should be considered as areas of the Universe that are directly abutted to each other, oh and those silly single planed grids your video relied upon are wrong, As the universe is at least 3 dimensional so those single planes should actually model a portion of a gridded Near-Vacuum of a Hypersphere, that has waves propagated through it's gridding which BTW should also make it clear how the potential is propagated through standing waves or "Spheres" as well, and yep.. Because each and every grid must have physical attributes capable of propagating a rise and fall going through it, there obviously is no such thing as Empty space!
And yes a 3D standing wave should look like a Sphere, whilst an energetic or propagated wave is a physical attribute that is propagated outwardly in all directions from it's origin, a PHYSICAL rise and fall propagated through Near-Vacuum and whatever standing waves or "Various Atoms" is the way, lets clarify how a standing wave should be a Sphere,
"Imagine a 3D gridding Of near Vacuum where several grids have been merged from all directions the result is a less energetic Mass, this merger is the fusion of the most energetic mass "Near-Vacuum" into the lightest Atom Hydrogen, "This BTW is how General Relativity should be animated" having the gridding compressed the most at the core of any given mass or sets of Mass, This is where Particle Physics actually should have the figures compliment General Relativity if TOE is to ever be a reality, alas to this day basic obvious physical constructs are invariably overlooked, anyway I digress..
Having established that nothing in fact equates to zero in all dimensions, It should also be noted that there is no such thing as less than nothing, ergo any negative quanta is actually merely a THEORETICAL Quanta sourced "Borrowed", "Imagined" to be sourced from a quanta greater than zero, usually such practice is practiced when ones theory is at a impasse.
In short any theory relying on less than nothing can safely be scoffed at and thus it must be ignored..
You make videos very enjoyable. You have Talent!
Happy Deepawali Arvin and thanks for the great videos!!!
Happy holidays!
I don't know why people don't talk about entropy and uncertainty at the quantum level much. hey Arvin, please make a video on entropic gravity which make more sense than others
They do. It is called Von Neumann entropy. But for entropy to make sense you need an ensemble of particles. So if you do not have that it doesn't make sense to talk about.
@@sumsar01 thank you for your information
ok, so because those small particles move at relatavistic speeds, special relativity applies.
QED combines special relativity with quantum mechanics and Maxwell's equations.
Dirac gave an amazing equation😍😍😍
So this does allow a peek under the hood so to speak with some intuitive sense of the world somewhat intact. But the question that comes up for me is how many photons or virtual photons are carried around by electrons? Are electrons constantly emitting photons and virtual photons? Or do they just do so randomly when they run into a friend?
We love you brother, thank you, you're needed in the world.
I appreciate that.
@@ArvinAsh :)
nice video as always Arvin.. finally a theory that is closer to reality, QED.. I just hope that physicists will target their efforts into theories that make actual predictions that can be tested and not in theories with mathematics that just work- like string theory- and predict 10 dimensions and 10 to the 500 universes but without any future hope of testing it.. I wanted to ask you, do you think that tiny black holes will be created in a lab in our lifetime or the scales are just too tiny for that? SO the question is, is there any hope that we ll find out what happens inside a black hole in the next 30 years or so?
thanku so much for converting complexity into simplicity
THANK YOU for taming the background audio. In previous videos, it sounds like Arvin is in a go-go lounge trying to explain stuff while someone does a pole dance just off camera. Previous videos in which the background audio is left wide open have been ruined. This is because there are both words and sentence fragments in those previous videos that are unintelligible because the background music is so (friggin!) loud. It would be worth the post-producer's time to go back and remix those sound tracks.
I heard you loud and clear. We can't go back and repost the earlier videos - YT does not allow that. But we will be adjusting all future videos. Thanks for the feedback.
I have already solved this In the form of an experiment 🙂🙂🙂 Love Your Videos
Wow. So interesting and important. Thank you. God bless.
I was under the impression that a virtual photon was just a disturbance in the field when two electrons move towards each other. Not a fully formed particle.
Your impression is probably correct since virtual photons are not like real photons. But mathematically, the "disturbance" can be modeled as a photon to explain the interaction of two charged particles.
@@ArvinAsh czcams.com/video/VRvM4L3ppHI/video.html
I guess that the virtual photon is still in doubt or something. Maybe you could do a video on it by itself. Your videos are incredible and I thank you for them.
Thank you for this awesome video!
You can simplify all of reality into 1 sentence: As above, so below.
As you alter your orders of magnitude, you dilate your perception of Time, as Time and Space are interlinked and as you scale down or up, the amount of time and space you occupy also changes.
The forces that 'harmonize/actualize' subatomic particles are unknown to us because the Time/Space scale they occupy is so vastly different as to appear solid; otherwise, our universe as we see/hear/taste/smell/feel it would cease to exist. Thus, the entire sub-atomic scale of the universe is actually closed off to us. We are literally formed out of it (imagine the septillions of atomic interactions happening just inside your brain every picosecond, like billions of galaxies evolving over billions of years) and are a universe that is forming the sub-quantum harmonizations required to form a particle to a higher-scale magnitude level of consciousness.
This is all logical deduction made from observations we have made with our modern science. They are also reflections of ancient philosophy: Gaia, fractals, God-Man relationship.
We are the consciousness of the universe acting on our scale to produce the result required to harmonize and become a 'step in the Pyramid' of ultradimensional consciousness, and we are completely, egotistically, ignorantly unaware of it. (Ancient mankind was not...)
Awesome. Your presentations really help me a lot.
Got some questions:
1. The analogy for e- and e+ interaction was depicted by exchanging TWO basketball, but in the Feynman diagram, there's only one photon. Why?
(Though, exchanging only one basketball would do the job I think)
2. There was fermion conservation by assigning e- = +1 and e+ = -1.
What about boson conservation?
Doesn't it lead to assign a virtual photon with a boson number 0?
3. If there's an uncountable(!) number of the virtual photon is exchanging in reality between two fermions, then where this information is given in the Lagrangian? And, is it uncountable?
These are virtual photon exchanges. They are by definition not measurable.
Man.... deceptively short 16minutes, yet PhD level work required to truly master that knowledge.
Quantum mechanics introduced randomness, yet one of the proposed ways of reconciling the results of Bell's Inequality is "superdeterminism." Explain. I dare you!
8:42 Aren't the paths curved from the start? The electrons don't go in a striaght line and then exchange a photon, after which they fly away from each other. Aren't the paths curved from the start?
Those are space-time diagrams. They do not symbolize movement in the XYZ-plane. But in a spacial and temporal plane instead.
Nobody answered my question if higer frequency signals mean more energy in photons. But you did!
I didn't understand what you are asking
@@gautamgupta7860 you know the color of the photons are related their frequency. And the frequency is dependant to their energy level. Photons are what light is made out of
Of course that's why UV radiation, X-ray and gamma are ionizing and damaging molecules
Yes
THANK YOU DR.ARVIN ASH...!!!