How 4 fundamental constants reveal minimum scales where physics ends: Planck scale
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- čas přidán 20. 05. 2024
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How the Planck scale is derived from the most important fundamental constants in physics. This is where our physics ends. If you wanted to simulate the universe in a computer, you would need to enter about 26 fundamental constants.
15 of these are the rest masses of the fundamental particles of the standard model. 4 are the quark mixing parameters, required to describe the weak nuclear force. 4 are the neutrino mixing parameters. Cosmological constant describing the acceleration present in the universe’s expansion. fine structure constant which describes strength of the electromagnetic force, and the strong coupling constant - which defines the strength of the strong nuclear force.
But 4 are special fundamental constants apply to everything everywhere. The gravitational constant G - It can be thought of as the proportionality factor between the strength of gravity and the masses creating that gravity. It has units of length cubed divided by mass times time squared.
The speed of light, C is like a conversion factor between Mass and energy, or a conversion factor between the time dimension and the three spatial dimensions of our 4 dimensional universe.
Planck’s constant is the fundamental constant that sets the minimum scale of quantum phenomenon. It can be found in just about any quantum mechanics equations. It has units of mass times distance squared divided by time.
Boltzmann’s constant plays a role in determining the amount of vibrational energy contained in the atom related to temperature. It is just the definition of the energy contained in one degree Kelvin and has units of energy per degree.
Using just 3 constants, G, c, and h we can get many Planck scale limits. If we manipulate them mathematically, we get a length. which is the Planck length. It is the minimum length that would be meaningful in quantum mechanics. :
We also get time, which is the Planck time. It is the minimum time that can exist that would be meaningful in quantum physics.
We also get energy by rearranging some of these constants. This is the Planck energy- the maximum energy that could be contained in a cube that had a size of one Planck length.
We can convert this Planck energy into mass by using Einstein’s equation. This represents the maximum mass that a cube of one Planck length could have.
Since these numbers are ubiquitous in physics, physicists often just use what’s called natural units, and set these constants equal to one.
What is the significance of the Planck scale? The Planck length is the shortest length that means anything in the equations of quantum mechanics. This is not to say that something smaller doesn’t exist.
It is the smallest scale that we can theoretically probe with particle accelerators. If string theory is true, then the strings would be as small as the Planck length, and would also be the smallest size of the loops in loops quantum gravity.
Strings would vibrate at minimum time scales of the Planck time. The movement of the spin network in LQG would occur in increments of Planck time. Planck time is the time it takes for light to travel one Planck length.
We have no idea what occurred prior to this time, nor do we have a model for what could have occurred.
Using the word before may in fact be meaningless because time itself started at this point. This would be the true beginning of creation. What lies below the Planck scale? It could be a kind of quantum foam where gravity could fluctuate or be in superposition.
Could space-time be in superposition like other quantum phenomenon? Perhaps, but this would violate some of the current understanding of gravity.
Planck energy converted to Planck mass is really a lot of mass equivalent to energy in a tank of gasoline or petrol in your car.
Some people have used the precision of the constants to argue for fine tuning, that any slight variation would have resulted in conditions which could not have created matter, or life as we know it.
#planckscale
#arvinash
#wherephysicsends
Others counter this argument by saying that, the universe isn’t all that fine tuned for life because by all accounts, almost all the volume of the universe supports no life. Life only occurs on a very limited volume of the universe, namely on very special planets that have just the right conditions. - Věda a technologie
I loved the “yes we won the cosmic lottery, but how many ticket did we have to buy?” closing line. Keep up the good work Arvin!
Explain me please that cosmic lottery.
@@jeminkukadiya5487
RE: "Explain me please that cosmic lottery."
(1) We live in a universe - part of the muliverse - whose physical constants allow time to flow and atoms to interact.
(2) We live in a galactic cluster that is apparently free of antimatter.
(3) We live in a galaxy that has an abundance of interstellar gas from which stars are formed. Also we live in a galaxy that has an abundance of supernovas, in which elements heavier than iron are formed.
(4) We live in a solar system that has a central star that is a G2V type star. This means, amoung other things, that our star does not put out too much high-energy radiation and that it stays stable long enough for life to have evolved on at least one of its planets.
(5) We live on a planet that was gifted with water from comets during the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) about 4 billion years ago. We live on a planet whose average surface temperature cycles around that required for liquid water to exist.
(NOTE: There are many other parameters, as well; these are just enough to get you started.)
@@spaceman081447 From what I know, a human live (our species), did not originate on this planet Earth. There has been live naturally developing on this planet in the course of evolution, however "we as humans" aren't entirely from here.
Weird? Take a look at today's reality and compare it with Sci-fi from 20-30 years.
Of course I cannot provide the source of my information, by any means. Just kidding 🤡 Search what Billy Meier have said about human origin and the history of humankind.
1/137
We live in the Twilight Zone.Face it.
Speaking from 20 years of experience as a teacher, you, sir, are a magnificent one.
wanted to learn about fundamental constants, ended up with existential dread. still great vid!
Welcome to my world!
Don't worry about the basilisk check out Kyle Hill's vid on that
@@ArvinAsh wow!! What a comment 🤣😅😅😁
@@ArvinAsh LMAO 😂.. epic response
As long as I tell myself "I'll get at least one part of this", I can keep going. Questions about what's beyond "the edge" are the most intriguing, that's for sure; any attempts to understand these details are worth the trip. Thanks, once again, @Arvin Ash, for helping us along!
“That’s coming up right now!”. I adore the way you say that with infectious enthusiasm.👌
And straight after some adverts came...
"how many simulations did our overlords create?"
The people who made the simulation, silently observing: *yes*
Rumor has it that GTA6 will be released by 2023
We were hoping Arvin will figure out how to make the next one.
that one guy who saves and reload constantly in games.
my money is on simulation theory.
2020 of s what happens when the simulation gets aware of simulation theory, crank up the weird until they stop worrying about being a simulation
my brain just walked off the Planck
Awesome. Now I know why Max Planck is regarded as the father of quantum physics/mechanics. The foundation he created in physics has done a tonne of good for humanity.
I love your videos, absolutely eductive
Incredible sir love ❤ from India 🇮🇳
I really like the moving graphics where the math manipulations are carried out. Those are elegant and useful. It's nice seeing the units sliding around so you can pause and copy them down and not have to keep checking yourself when you do it on your own.
Craig Wall
Your use of the word "elegant" is absolutely perfect! Good job, Craig!! Keep on keeping on!!!
This is too important to make everyone wait!
This man is a gem. I didn't score well in my Physics exam and I was sad. After watching this I'm better now. I want teacher like you in my college. They always talk about lagging behind in syllabus but actually don't care in explaining the topic intuitively.Thank you very much.
Science and maths is there to try and explain what exists but not why… if you want to understand why we exist… look to the Torah/Bible/ Koran …. 😏
I, for one, would like to thank our ant overlords for choosing these constants.
Sure, could've been worse.
@@ArvinAsh Yes, we could be living in that Rick and Morty alternate universe where peoples' faces and bottoms are swapped.
Well, some think there is only one overlord and he’s called God. And they go to church to thank him. If you think about it, it’s the same thing.
@@slohmann1572 Of course it is the same thing. That's one of the seductive aspects of the simulation hypothesis: the ability to reconcile, at a fundamental level, religions and science - OK, _nerdy_ science so far ^^
@@EcoAku But then the programmer is not God. Who created the programmer's universe? Is it also a simulation? Then who created the one reality that is not a simulation?
The coolest old guy on CZcams
Not that old , chill
I hope he's at least 309 kelvin.
@@KazimirQ7G I don't see why he wouldn't be.
Richard Ly
From my perspective, he's a young man.......it's all relative, my friend.
There very well may be universes where life is not possible, but they don't have anybody there to ask why.
There's no universe like that since life is concuisness and the universe needs concuisness, quantum mechanics proves that
The reason we find ourselves in such a fine tuned universe is because we're here to measure it. Richard Feynman.
@@user-ib1dx4dh3n its not like that
There are various interpretations of q. Mechanics , most having no need of consciousness
Pls. Try to understand what those are before commenting as ‘quantum mechanics proves it ‘ as at many places q. Mechanics is presented as being something mystical
Quantum mechanics is actually fairly intuitive if we understand it
They are sets of rules , and have little to no or nothing to do with consciousness
Luke that is known as anthropic principle
If this is not the only universe, then my intuition is that a finite number of universes is implausible, so there must be infinitely many. I also think this makes a lot more sense anyway, because it's simpler. Such metaphysical hypotheses can't be falsified, as Arvin pointed out, but I often suspect that everything is actually just made out of pure mathematics (and it only seems like reality to us because we're embedded in the maths)... this would suggest that every possible universe exists. Whatever that means :)
Of all the many physics presentations I have seen this is the most understandable. It is the best!
I am not a physicist by no means but this is the most well rounded video I have seen on the question of quantum gravity. I think we do not fully understand the world we live in with two major theories in physics conflicting each other. Think we truly did win the cosmic lottery.
Me listening to Arvin Ash: Like me reading Scientific American as a freshman in high school. Now, a masters in EE and lots of study of science later, I can understand most of the articles in Scientific American. Back in high school, I was very interested but 90% of the article was beyond me.
So - thank you for giving me something to tackle. There were lots of details here I do not understand, but that just means there are many things to learn/investigate. I love your videos.
You read SciAm in High School? A kindred spirit! I did back in the 70s....
@@OscarRuiz-gj3mp Kept at until I understood most or all the articles. Yes. I am a science nerd - and proud of it. Good for you!
Max Planck is an oxymoron
noice :) i guess i need to add dat in my english exam
😂
Haha. Good one!
His kids are named Min and Median
Not always. The planck mass is not the minimum mass and the planck energy is not the minimum energy, it's like 3 gigajoules. And if you're talking about the Planck Temperature, then Max Planck is just redundant.
For everyone who involved making all this videos, you are making great content.👍👍👍👍👍👍
Mr. Ash, Very Impressive video. Packed so much information in just 13 mins. Hands down, one of the best videos I have seen all year. Thank you!
The universe is is the same number of billion of years old as this video is minutes long. Hmm.
@@AMorgan57 Its the Illuminati!!
It felt so satisfying when epsilon(naught) and mu(naught) determine the speed of light. It gives a vibe that everything is connected.
He has an entire video that goes over that relationship you should check it out
"naught", as in zero, not "not"
As always, another great presentation! Thank you, Sir!
Blows my mind. Also blows my mind that I understand. Thanks Arvin Ash!
Hahaha yes, your post is an excellent description of Arvin’s channel😜 he’s a treasure.
What an amazing video! So straight forward and easy to follow. I wish I had these resources when I was back in school 20 years ago. You are an amazing teacher Arvin. Keep 'em coming! 👊
Yeah
Assòuf ❤
Hey 🎉😮😂I'm going for the next big thing today so I will be here waiting for a holographic reunion to come in and we will have a fabulous birthday party
But hey u can call me any
❤ ì þhink the best guitars in the known galaxy are a great awakening of my mind and my brother from another time
You are both clear and concise, which is greatly appreciated. :)
Epic times for visualizing and explaining complex subject matter!! Another great video Arvin and crew!
Arvin speaks like an overall philosopher of science and that makes his videos all the more interesting
Science - means rape
Everyone must watch every single video on this channel. It's full of knowledge and all that explained so well. As I said before on another video of yours, great script and and amazing line to end this one
This was an amazing video!!! I always wondered what made a fundamental constant, well, fundamental and you explained it clearly! I've watched this video 4x already. Mind 🤯
This channel is great for someone that doesn’t have a Phd in physics, you make easy to understand, I think anyway
Splendid explanation! I joined!
I really enjoy your videos. Thank you for taking the time to make them!
Great eye opening, mind bending video as always 🖤
In the library of extraordinary videos you have created, this is one of the best. I'm not smart enough to understand all the math. But I can understand your synthesis of this complex topic. I have been fascinated by the concept of Planck Length and Planck Time for quite awhile, but until this video I was wandering in the woods trying to find the path. Thank you for this amazing description of the fundamentals of our universe.
Thank you. I appreciate that! Glad it was helpful.
Mr.Arvin i have a weird question:. you seem to understand math pretty well. I, on the other hand find them too difficult but i can see the beauty in them. My question is:
If i had to choose one equation to tattoo which would you suggest? I believe, after tattooing myself with it i would *have to* study it and understand it. So, which is THE most important one do you think?
I would say the time-dependent Schrodinger equation
vergil.chemistry.gatech.edu/notes/quantrev/node9.html
@@jacobladder5556 man, this is what i had in mind when asking!!!!
I hope mrArvin sees this and offers bis opinion.
@@sadderwhiskeymann Make that the time-dependent Schrodinger equation
vergil.chemistry.gatech.edu/notes/quantrev/node9.html
Thank you for yet another excellent video Arvin.
Your calm demeaner and your expertise on the subject-matter blend so well and is always so conducive to such an enjoyable learning experience. I look forward to many more videos from you.
Thank you for the kind words. My pleasure!
and I'm subscribed!
SO many people, even experts in the field, misinterpret Planck length and time as being the shortest/smallest thing that can carry information and believe units smaller simply cannot exist, all because it's fundamental. But here it's described properly, possibly a first for the CZcams platform! Thank you so much this!
Exceptionally good one.
Thanks!!
This guy is the final boss of explaining physics. He will explain things that all the other teachers fail to explain.
Amazing video, as usual! Much love from Canary Islands
Love your content. You make science sound interesting and simple.
Finally, a CZcams video about EVERY THING! Well done, Arvin....and everyone involved !!
Sounds like late night pub conversations, sure miss that part of life.
If 'the simulator' exists, he must be thanking you for explaining his work to the uninitiated beings like myself.
As for me, there is nobody up there. The problem with humans is we are contained by and contained within our sensory perception which is bound; The Universe is not obligated to follow any bound.
But that doesn't mean we go about dropping our moral compass and just run a steam roller over the society. Morality exists independent of science.
Another brilliant video, thanks for sharing.
Video was under 14 minutes but I think it took me 30 minutes to watch, because I kept having to pause it to think about the questions it prompted. Wow, this was a good one. Regarding the argument that our universe isn't necessarily well tuned for life (only in places)... it strikes me that there might be a distribution of suitability for life among the various universes, and if that were the case then ours would most likely be one of the more typical ones. I can sort of imagine there being *some* universes out there that are near the end of the curve, and are hospitable to life through most of their internal space. But I can't imagine what they would look like. Now THERE'S a challenge for an author...
Came to learn physics and ended up with an existential crisis
Haha. That's exactly what someone else said. My response was, "Welcome to my world!"
Become an engineer so you can just approximate the constants :-P
Problem solved!
@@tauceti8341 This is big brain time
@@ArvinAsh Your world is mysterious and scary
By the time we come up with a true TOE, it'll probably be when we've found a way to transcend the universe itself lol.
Yes I agree. I think we must form sensors to experience first hand the outer dimensions. Our 5 physical senses + our sense of time is keeping us from knowing more.
Arvin Ash coming!! right now!!
Thanks for the information
Thank you, glad to See your explanations
Fascinating video. 🤙🏼
Is there a team behind this channel? Or is Arvin Ash just one dude?
Definitely a team.
@@ArvinAsh would it be inappropriate to ask where the team’s funding comes from? Just curious if it’s like a school, grant, company or just the CZcams revenue?
Wow! You described the quantum mechanics limit. Btw, i liked the flipping of equations to derive plack length, planck time etc.
Fantastic video! These are always getting better!
Best video so far. Keep up the great work on the channel
I really liked the part where he explained how gravity is the weakest force
Could we say the snowflake of forces?
Hey Arvin can you do a video on quantum electrodynamics?
The prior video was on the subject. Just check out last week's video: czcams.com/video/PutOOpAkjQ4/video.html
@@ArvinAsh I want to see why quantum mechanics is incompatible with general relativity, using mathematical equations
@@omargaber3122 See my recent video on quantum gravity where I answer that question.
Fundamental constants!!
Beautiful!
This is the great video.
Excellent again sir, thank you.
It always seems like the answer is just out of reach, limited by the way we try and make sense of things
Hi Arvin, if the multiverse is real and each Universe has a different set of fundamental constants, wouldn't some of them just seize to exist or result in pure energy, for example, if electromagnetism is stronger than the strong nuclear force protons in the nucleus would repel and atoms couldn't exist? If the speed of light is different, does that not mean that each universe would have a different relativistic speed limit, so effects like time dilation and length contraction happen at different speeds?
Thanks for a great video as usual.
Yes, this appears to be the case. However, I will add this caveat: the speed of light appears to be a fundamental constant, i.e., it has no theoretical basis. We may, however, discover that there is fundamental reason it must be the speed that it is, in which case, it is possible that other universes may be subject to the same fundamental cause.
@@ArvinAsh Thanks @Arvin Ash for this reply
My congratulations for your capacity to explain and for your humility... Eternity bless all!👍🇦🇷
Love this channel. You present it in a way where even a mere physics enthusiast like me can understand it easily. This channel deserves millions of subscribers.
I loved your video. I can only support by posting a positive comment ❤️
If gravity is not a force according to Einstein then why we are searching for graviton and quantum gravity
... Can it not end with the explanation that space-time curve at very small level is negligible ??????
Please .,please please please
Arvin ash answer me
Yes I am also thinking about that
Because this doesn't fulfill the explanation of how we get curvature of spacetime. We are trying to refine a measurement technique really. And to do that we have to be specific. If we see infinitly small processes then maybe we could make these grandiose complex processes happen like "matter traveling at the speed of light". Our goal is to be the masters of this simulation/universe. And if there is a question we can not answer one could never truly become the master, now could they?
why would it end like that
1. Gravity is a force, its just that its mechanism is not yet explainable in terms of QM.
2. Something happens at Plank energies, something happens at the center of a black hole. To describe that something, we will need to, at the very least, be able to explain gravity in terms of QM.
Well because we have managed to describe the other forces in this way using mediator bosons. So it's a natural choice, but it might be wrong. The issue is that the world is quantum, so it may be necessary to find a quantum gravity theory to get the full understanding of the force.
It could indeed be that there is no quantum theory for gravity, but that the concept of GR is correct. This is also the result in the theory of everything Quantum Holonomy Theory, which is really cool.
Arvin Ash, I think I love you. This video concludes with absolute brilliance and good humor!
Love you Mr Arvin!!!
0:15 Star Wars aurebesh language.
Nice Easter egg.
I thought i caught that but then thought "no way..."
Nonono!
It was just wayyyy too short!
The chain of o's in your spelling of the word too is also too short.
@@medexamtoolsdotcom does it really matter? I mean it's youtube, not a school test or something.
@@medexamtoolsdotcom there, happy now?
LWAL Gaming
Take a Valium......it was a mere comment.
@@dr.jamesolack8504oh really? You came a little too late...
Very well explained , thanks for clarifying how fundamental constants shape Universe as we know today
Wow! Arvin. I think this is your best video in CZcams!! Amazing!
Overlords: "You wouldn't believe what did we need to get through to get this simulation from staging to production!"
What quantum fields are made of - stringy membrane or worldsheet of string theory
There is no substance. They are just properties in space-time.
Almighty FSM sayeth all spacetime composed of stringy Ramen
@@ArvinAsh " Only realize the truth.....There is no spoon "
Great video - informative. Intriguing, beautiful to look at. Thanks
Best video ever ! Loved the graphic equation manipulation
If the singularity was “infinite”, then the schwarzschild radius would be big enough to devour the whole universe.
It has infinite density, not infinite mass. Infinitely small point.
*Arvin Ash*
Thanks for the reply!
I always find it interesting that if space itself is infinitely huge then that means we are infinitely small. Or at least until we reach the Planck length.😁
thats why there's a planck limit
Hi Mr. Arvin, its possible individual particles have a halo of darkmatter, like in galaxys, or in the void between nucleos of an atom and the electrons? All the best
@@ArvinAsh ,
First of all, another awesome video. Excellent brain candy.
I've seen many of these types of videos say that when the math says something is infinite, the actual translation is "we don't know". We just don't have a model to explain whatever calculates to infinite (e.g. the center of a black hole). I'm curious if you have a position on that. Do you believe something can be infinitely small or infinitely dense?
I really appreciate scientists that are not arrogant enough to discount the possibility of a divine creator.
No scientist would say there is no possibility for divine creator. Most scientists would say that there is no divine creator that few of us claim to know about.
All regious people deny logic that proof the unlikely ness of god existence but science has open minds they mostly asept the logic that its a possibility
As Server Admin for this particular Universe Simulation, I can attest that the Sim developer is living a life of luxury and wealth in the Metaverse
Even if there is a greater he is not God
Just wow. I love your videos!!
Amazing video as usual!
I will get a heart ❤️❤️
Because
I believe
hmmmmmm :thinking:
No hearts for you for that religious logic!
A heart has to be earned.
@@medexamtoolsdotcom I didn't believe in any religion
When physicists do planking.
well articulated.
Outstanding production and content!
Remember that the more energy you put into a photon, the smaller its wavelength gets, while the more energy you put into a black hole, the larger it gets. The planck energy is just the energy where they cross each other, where that amount of energy results in a photon that's the same size as the black hole with that energy. And that size is, of course, the planck length.
A black hole ejections of ionized plasma at all most the speed of light shows there is a limit of how much energy that is important to knowing the internal size of its limits 5 years and 70 doys before it plays out and others where even longer depending on the timeline and sizes are a factor.
Why have I learned every constant at school but never been taught that the plancks length is derived from other 3...
Its not derived, it was measured
@@aashirwadmishra3706 Nope, it was derived. We cant measure anything that small. Plus he literally showed how it's derived lol
@@TheMuffinMan Ohh can you add the timestamps? Cause as far as I remember, he only showed us the equation E = hv in the video
@@mattmurphy7030 Thats exactly what I meant. Good job
@@aashirwadmishra3706 haha I didnt even realize I said plancks constant. I meant planck length
"EXCELLENT"...... thanks 🙏.
Another great video Arvin!
I’m trying to make a good joke here.
The ground base for physics is a Planck floor.
I hope there is no need to explain this.
...
That's good
Another reminder that everyone in the comments making an assertion is in the leftmost part of the Dunning-Kruger effect, including myself and you
I wish that meme would die.
The delivery of this content is second to none. Best channel on CZcams.
Great video as always!
So good awesome vid!
Thank you very much Sir. I am feeling lucky to watch it first ,,,,,.....
Really good explained in this short time and the best summarizing about what is all about happens to those lengths and their deriving from- great!
Very cool Arvin. Always fun and understandable.
Your videos are usually really good. This one was awesome.
Excellent vid. Loved the 'cosmic lottery' humour that you ended with.
Awesome.... Speechless
THANK YOU DR.ARVIN ASH...!!!
dear Arvin Ash this is the best channel on physics you not only explain the physics but also explain math behind it with exact formulas
Mr Ash, you sir are a gift to the world if not the universe. NOBODY makes science more comprehensible IMHO. Thank you for the fantastic work you do! :)
I'm probably one of the only people who wishes this but I want to live for a really long time and be able to see the advancements in scientific data collection to see what we can find out about the universe. I'm hopeful that one day the curiosity inside of me will be fulfilled and I'll be able to be content with whatever happens after that.
THANK YOU...!!!