The ABSURDITY of Quantum Mechanics at LARGE SCALES!
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- čas přidán 28. 05. 2024
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REFERENCES
Quantum tunneling: • Is Quantum Tunneling t...
Superconductivity: • How do Superconductors...
Quantum entanglement: • Quantum Entanglement E...
Quantum mechanics explained: • What is Quantum Mechan...
Frustrated Total Internal Reflection: tinyurl.com/2myks7ow
CHAPTERS
0:00 Magic is not real, I guess
1:33 My inspiration
2:40 Superposition
4:20 Quantum tunneling
5:37 Heisenberg Uncertainty principle
7:54 Double slit experiment
9:40 Why don't we see quantum behavior at macro scales?
10:45 What is Decoherence
11:20 Real examples of Macro scale quantum physics
SUMMARY
What If our everyday life was based on quantum mechanics? What if macro objects behaved like quantum objects?
If you are in a classroom with 4 chairs, you would appear to a second student, to be sitting on all the seats at once. But as soon as he touches one of the chairs, you appear in one of the seats sitting by yourself. And he is then able to take a seat. You were in a superposition, which is the ability of a quantum object such as a photon, electron, atom or anything sufficiently isolated, to be in multiple positions at the same time until it is measured.
This comes from the Schrodinger equation which contains a term called the wave function. The wavefunction for an object contains all the information that describes the quantum object, such as its position, spin, momentum, etc. Objects can take on almost any value according to the wavefunction prior to measurement. The wavefunction only tells us the probability. But once a measurement is made, the properties of the particle gets fixed to only one of the possible states. Note that a measurement is any kind of interaction and is a physical process that does not require a measurer.
Let’s say you hit a squash ball against the wall in front of you. The ball disappears and shows up on the other side. This phenomenon is known as quantum tunneling. In quantum mechanics, when a quantum object like an electron encounters an energy barrier, like a wall, there is a non zero chance that it will end up on the other side of the wall. This is because its wavfunction extends to all of spacetime, meaning it can in principle end up anywhere, including the other side of the wall.
But can any player hit the squash ball in the first place? If the squash ball is a quantum object, it is subject to the Uncertainty Principle. This principle says that there is a fundamental limit to how precisely we can know certain combinations of properties of a particle, such as its position and momentum. So if the player knows where the ball is, he won't know how fast it's going. And if he knows how fast it's going, we won't know where it is. So taking a swing, he may not hit the ball. This is not due to an observer effect. It’s not a limitation of what we can measure. It is a limitation of what we can know.
If a squash ball machine creates and shoots squash balls onto the wall for practice purposes, you would not actually see any balls coming out of the ball machine. All you would see is balls bouncing off the wall in front of you. What's happening is that the balls coming out of the ball machine are in superposition. They only become localized and visible after they have interacted with the wall in front of you. Before this happens, their location could be anywhere in the court. The various locations would have a probability associated with them. They could even be outside the court due to quantum tunneling.
Why don’t we actually see this in our everyday experience? Why don’t these quantum behaviors appear in our macro world? Do the laws of quantum mechanics apply only at micro scales? No, the laws of quantum mechanics apply to everything. But the effects of quantum mechanics are too small to be noticed.
Subatomic and atomic scale objects act like waves, and so behave like quantum objects. But large objects are made of a huge number of individual waves, since a squash ball is made of almost 10^15 atoms. All these waves of atoms act in a disorganized and random way. Their individual waves interfere with each other, and average out to zero. This disorganized wave-like behavior is called “decoherence” in physics. And this cumulatively results in classical behavior. In order to get a macro object to behave like a quantum object, we would need all its quadrillions of individual waves to be coherent, and behave like one large wave. This is usually not possible.
#quantummechanics
#quantumatlargescales
But you should know that coherence has been achieved in some large molecules consisting of up to 2000 atoms. Other large scale quantum effects include superconductors, Bose-Einstein condensate and superfluids. - Věda a technologie
I cannot express how good you are at explaining this stuff, you deserve so much more!
exactly
Yeah, Like I'm being 14 and understanding all of this says alot
@@user-qz5ox5ov2f This is proof that magic is real
JESUS BSAID SATAN WOULD APPEAR AS AN ANGEL AND DECIEVE MANY THESE ARE MUSLIMS THERE WAS NO GABRIEL ALLAH THE SUN GOD AKBAR THE MOON GOD...
He actually is. Thank you for videos.
I love your emphasis on the Heseinberg uncertainty being a consequence of wave mechanics as opposed to an observer effect. As a physics student I can attest this misconception is everywhere in pop science ! Great video all around.
You mean "woowoo channels" like Destiny?
Saying something is "uncertain" is not an answer to any question.
Saying something has a point origin at an event horizon, at least makes an attempt at a definitive answer.
You might not like the "observer" explanation, but it is a more rigorous definition of reality.
"Limitation of what we can know," vs "limitation of what we can measure" is just semantics. It is the same thing.
@@dialecticalmonist3405 what are you talking about ? its quite obvious you have no scientific training, I'm sorry, read up on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Fourier transforms and an undergrad QM book (I recommend Griffiths) and I think these concepts will be much clearer. This has nothing to do with dialectics, its a mathematical property of wave packets.
I see you are a materialist "scientist."
We don’t really know if it has an effect though
I’ve been a geophysicist for 45 years. I must thank you for re-instilling the sense of wonderment I felt in my younger days. I watch your presentations then find myself pondering it all in those quiet times of contemplation when hiking or cycling.
Your animations about physics are some of the best anywhere. I love how you point to formulas and break them down. How long does it take you to make the animations? Do you do them yourself? Either way it is very impressive.
Thanks. I don't make them myself. I just guide the animators. This ones in this video took about a month by people who know what they are doing.
@@ArvinAsh Can you tell me what would happen if something that is 1inch X 1inch X 1 Inch would behave if the waves were all in coherence?
According to particle physics, why is this impossible or overly difficult to accomplish?
@@thezone5840 An average atom has a radius of 0.1 nanometers. A solid 1'x1'x1' volume would have something on the order of 10^23 atoms, each with their own wave functions that would have to be nearly perfectly in-phase which each other to produce a noticeable effect from our perspective. If you had a ball of 10^23 tangled rubber bands, how difficult would it be to lay out every single one in a neat grid?
@@ArvinAsh Give my respects to the animators and the people involved in the storyboarding . They deserve an applause . 👏
WHY ARE THERE MILLIONS OF QURAN IN THE SEWERS IN MECCA IF IT IS HOLY IT IS NOT..
It should be noted, decoherence is often quoted as a solution to why we never see quantum behavior on macroscopic scales, but this isn't the full story. Decoherence is just a term used to describe what happens when a huge quantum system's many parts interact, both with each other and with their environment. Everything gets scrambled up, and the system's parts begin to behave according to classical probability rules instead of the Born rule. What this does model is the emergence of classical statistical mechanics.
But there is no mechanism that decoherence provides that explains the quantum measurement problem. As a system begins to interact with its environment, the state of the system, at least in principle, remains stuck is a massive entangled superposition, all the way to the macroscopic level. Interactions by themselves do nothing, according to Schrödinger's equation, to force a system to leave a superposition of states. This only appears to happen (for some reason) once the system interacts with measurement devices.
Therefore, it's still an interpretive question, and an unanswered one at that, to ask what the state of the system at large scales.
Good. Thanks.
Can it be explained as entanglement? I think this is something that Susskind is saying. The system under observation gets entangled with the particles of the measuring instrument.
@@b43xoit You may be describing one of two things with the words "entanglement" and "Susskind." One is the idea of Everette's interpretation, which is that the universe splits in some sense. Different branches of the entangled wave function describes different outcomes of a measurement. The other thing you could be referring to is the ER = EPR conjecture from Susskind and Maldacena. So, I'd ask to clarify what specifically you're referencing here.
@@jmcsquared18 I don't know about an entangled wave function having branches; that's farther along than I have studied to. My understanding is that for any given pair of particles, there is no entanglement, full entanglement, or partial entanglement, and these things can be inferred from measurements, at least partially. And when I refer to Leonard Susskind, I'm not referring to the conjecture you cite, necessarily. Just the material he states here on CZcams.
@@b43xoit Then I suppose I'm not sure what specifically you're asking/claiming.
I agree with the other comment here, I cannot express how grateful I am for having discovered you. Really like your style of explaining complex problems.
I am already living the Quantum Mechanical lifestyle, most of the time I know neither where I am nor where I am going.
I love when u say :" right now".👍
Decoherence perfectly describes my mental state 😂
Excellent explanation and video, as always, professor.
That's what I said when he mentioned frustrated total internal reflection lol
This is the first time I have understood why large objects don't act like quantum objects. I was stuck on the idea that it must be a perception problem of different scales of existence but your wave function interference cancelling each other makes sense.
After another 1000 explanation clips or so I just might start to grasp this subject. It's so fascinating but so confusing. Keep up the good work Arvin!
I'm a big fan of you, Arvin! You made everything complex as hell simple as a piece of cake.
ALLAH THE SUN GOD LOLOLOLOL
@@markjapan4062 ALLAH THE GAY LOLLILOLI
Excellent .... take my hat off for you Arvin!!
The most excellent explanation I’ve ever seen on this subject. Congratulations Arvin! Keep going!
I really wish educators were held to a much much higher standard (& compensated as such). Imagine a generation of people, 80+% of which being educated by people somewhere near Arvin's level.
Excellent presentation with utmost insight and clarity, Congratulations Arvin!
I've been waiting for years for someone to make this video.
Thanks Arvin, and what excellent job you do
Content like this is a blessing! Such a unique take on quantum behaviour compared to lectures!
Re the uncertainty principle: I think that's actually one of the least "weird" properties of "quantum world". Because it's simply an inherent property of all waves, not just the wave function.
For example, you can observe a very similar thing with sound: you may have a nice tone, which is a sinusoid wave---so you can easily measure its frequency (wavelength) and that's what defines the pitch. But you can't locate a tone to a singular moment---only to an interval in time during which it sounded. On the other hand, a clap or a gunshot is easily pinned to a moment, but you can't really say what's its pitch; as it's just one sound pressure peak, there's no frequency to it... Same thing.
Very will done, Arvin! I'm reminded of George Gamow's Mr Tompkins series. He did a few short illustrative stories on quantum effects if we could see them such as "Quantum Billiards" and "Quantum Jungles".
Indeed. It was an inspiration.
Thanks for another great video! I love being able to understand the basics of Quantum Mechanics. Oh and great splash page. 😎
Wow! This was amazing and incredibly well done 👏
This video should be in the top-5 videos one should start watching to get familiar with the quantum world. Thank you so much Arvin, you are doing an amazing job in educating us!
Wow!!! Excellent
Thank you for that explanation!🏆
In the example where we shoot waves at the wall, and a ball comes back, it would be more accurate to show that another wave comes back, but from a specific point of the wall.
It is never “not a wave”, the collapse of the wave function is just the beginning of another wave function.
it would be a 3D localized wave, which would be like a fuzzy sphere. What we showed is pretty close imo.
This was the best explanation of the double slit experiment I have ever seen - which really helps drive home quantum phenomena
Except that the double slit is not a quantum phenomenon. A quantum phenomenon either has Planck's constant in it somewhere or it requires multi-quantum correlations like entanglement. ;-)
Love listening to you. Thank you.
Thank you - brilliant presentation of a fascinating subject!
As always a great upload full of insights explained in a simple and interesting way! Thnx!
Great video Mr. Ash , as always. :)
This is beautifully explained. Thank you.
What a great video!! Congrats
Excellent, the best explanation of Quantum Mechanics I have see on CZcams!
You explained that perfectly. I totally get it.thanks so very much!!
What a marvellously clear capture of the information related to the question asked - provides guidance (frameworks) for ongoing and greater explanation in the area. Thank you. You are tops, so very across the material.
Absolutely superb demonstration ! I am sure this will encourage students (young and old) to get into the maths and physics to get a greater understanding and appreciation of quantum mechanics.
Finally. Thank you Arvinash!
Aaahaaa!! Loved it ❤️❤️
Excellent video, as usual!
Very glad that I found this channel,really great topics👍👍
Love these vids on how to simplify and make the hard topics understandable and exciting!
You really deserve so much more subscribers, like at least a million more!
You've got a new subscriber. Amazing contents!
Very nice presentation. Many thanks.
Excellent work. You always make that much awesome video and explain it very intuitively. 👏🔥
This is creative and interesting and funny. Thank you for all that work!
Another excellent video Arvin ! See you in the next video my friend 👍
scuh a beatiful explanation! Thank you
Outstanding as usual.Your videos excite me like a little child wanting to learn the mysteries of the universe.I'd love to meet you in person & discuss physics.
Absolutely fantastic. Thanks for this...I'm a Brazilian subscribed.
Awsome, thank you :)
Bravo! Arvin is amazing.
Very well presented!
Major props to people who play quantum squash, it looks pretty difficult.
There are no such people, unless they can make an infinite number of clones of themselves. :-)
Great video!
Excellent..... thanks 🙏.
This is a brilliant teaching video for the layman’s introduction to this amazing field of research! Thank you for making it!
Thanks. A clear explanation using some examples I haven't seen before.
Great job 👍
Awesome explanation....
Thanks for the excellent presentation. Another analogy for the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle I like to use is detecting audio at different frequencies. You can easily detect the start and stop of a high-pitch noise, light the "high-hat" sound in dance music. Low-frequency tones (20-30Hz) are so spread out that it's far more difficult to tell where they start in time. In typical music, a bass thud is really a short high-pitch impulse followed by the long bass note to give the listener a better sense of when the "beat" starts. Keep up the great videos!
Nice. That's a good analogy. But aren't the low frequency tones generally pressure waves? Or more correctly, sound vibrations are pressure waves. So, can we consider the Energy-time equation of the Heisenberg's Uncertainty to deduce the analogy you have given? Because I think that Position-momentum uncertainty will become vague for understanding this. What do you think?
You are wonderful in explaining and extremely knowledgeable man. Hats off !!!
As a part-time photographer, my way of thinking about the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and not knowing precisely the position and momentum is thus:
If the shutter speed of a camera is thus that there is no blur at all on the per-pixel scale (Planck-length, I guess), then you can see a photo of a perfectly clear moving object, but you can't determine its speed from the photo.
If you have a slower shutter speed, the object will instead be smeared over the picture somewhat, but using the smear and the shutter speed, you can determine how fast it was moving. Even so, the image is blurred, so you can't get a completely clear look at it like you could if the shutter speed completely stopped the motion (and thus didn't allow you to determine the motion).
So with photography, you can never have perfect clarity and know the speed of the object at the same time.
By the way, I'd be happy to see Frustrated Total Internal Reflection get it own video!
I cannot wait until you reach one million subscribers. You deserve it 10 times over. I love your explanations so very much! Thank you very much Arvin. Don't worry it will happen very soon I hope. You are the best physics explanations on the entire you tube by far. Absolutely love you!!!❤❤❤
So nice of you
Excellent visualisation 😊
Great Video. A video on everyday life implications of Delayed Choice Experiment would be super cool.
Dude,
Seriously, you keep my retired engineer mind sharp & wanting more. Keep up the good work. God's speed.
I have never been so excited and confused watching CZcams video
This was a pretty good video, I'm utterly impressed
Arvin can you make a video on how our senses connected to the physical world ? How accurately we perceive the world?
That can be a fascinating subject, I am so sure. For example, dogs can be used to sniff molecules that no technology has to date.
That is largely unknown, but there are some very interesting areas of discovery. For example, grid cells.
Fantastic..loved it dude. Quantum is a tough subject & you pulled it off.
This has been mind blowing 👍👍
Excelente vídeo 👍👌
I'm not done yet with the video, but let me tell you, I've been watching stuff about that uncertainty thing. I'm a real donkey at maths, but somehow I love everything about physics and especially quantum.
First time I kind of grasp why it's not possible to have both position and speed. Great, really great illustrations...
Thoroughly enjoyed this video...thank you Arvin. An incoherent understanding is slightly more coherent due to it.
In the last month or so, I have seen quite a lot of videos on similar topics to this, of which three have been outstanding. Those three include this one.
U nailed it❤️👍
I'm 40, wish this content was available when I was 14. Great work, videos keep getting better - huge fan.
You are one of the first, that I know of, to show quantum weirdness at a human scale. I've been looking out for such videos. Thanks. ❤
This was insightful.
Superb presentation....
What a great, intuitive explanation of why we don't see quantum behavior at our macro level. How is it that after watching dozens of other videos from various creators about the quantum world, this is the first time I've understood the quantum/macro relationship?
Just found this channel, and WOW!
This episode came in the right time i was searching for superposition for weeks and quantum lifes thanks for the episode
Arvin, what a didactically amazing idea!!! I've never seen anything like this before, and such an animation is immensely instructive for looking at the unintuitive wave properties! A tiny nitpick, at 5:50, about the uncertainty principle (UP), it would have been better to say more unambiguously that the UP had been _estimated_ by Heisenberg and _derived_ a few years later; it's simply the Schwarz inequality between conjugate uncertainties in the position and momentum spaces, related by FT-but you know it, whom I'm talking to! I personally know that many physics enthusiasts who try to wrap their heads around QM believe the inequality has been _postulated_ axiomatically, like, for example, the Born rule has. Possibly, the persistent imprecise wording is due to the fact that Heisenberg didn't derive the formula later named after him, as the Stigler's law (formulated and named after Stigler by Merton, naturally) predicts. He only used an order of mag estimation.
Too bad we use imprecise “principle,” “rule,” “postulate” etc. in physics. QM is sheer math, with its complex-valued operators and infinite-dimensional state spaces corresponding to nothing in Nature, that, IMO, it would be less confusing-assuming generously that QM _could be_ less confusing-to use “theorems” and “axioms,” as mathematicians do. “Heisenberg's theorem,” “Born's axiom;” no ambiguity :)
Owning a 5-string bass guitar with an added low B2 string (~125 Hz), I often use it as an example: if the player slides his finger up or down a semitone, changing the length and thus resonant frequency on this slow-vibrating string, how much time does one need to recover a new note-i.e, the change in frequency? The answer is derived (with a few technical assumptions) with FT and the same bounding inequality on the time and frequency domain uncertainties: exactly 1/4 of the period. It's a warm-up math before the full UP derivation. :)
AWESOME VID
Dang son! I love this! And you! Fascinating
Hmm… in the illustrated example of the aircraft seat, the new passenger only seems to determine whether the first seat is occupied.
Surely, there is now still uncertainty about the three remaining seats and their occupancy should still be superposed?
Many thanks teacher
Super explanation sir
Thanks (again) Arvin for this video.
I always wondered why the double slit experiment doesn't work for large objects, but is does for electrons, while electrons do also interfere with their surrounding. Of course an electron is much smaller than a tennis ball, but is has a charge and mass and even the smallest interaction should prevent an object (electron) to come in superposition.
But now I understand that if an object is not a pure wave function because it exists of many waves that are not in sync, it can not be in superposition.
An electron is a single wave, and so behaves like a single wave. A grain of sand is trillions of waves that interfere with each other. It no longer behaves like a wave overall.
Macroscopic quantum mechanics can explains Paranormal things
For example: somatic quantum entanglement explains things like telepathy, observer effect can explains whatever people calls "artistic licenses", and so on
Great video! This was one of the best. Love from Sweden💛💙
Thank you for finally mentioning that measurement does not mean measurement in a literal sense, this used to confuse me so much
I followed the link for the FTIR and I’m trying to understand it. How about a video on this phenomenon? Love your videos!
Great! Perfect video for my doubt for why quantum mechanics doesn't apply for us. Thank you.
Yes.....explained simply but at a very high definition.
It is my understanding of quantum tunneling is this: after hitting the ball, the ball becomes a spread-out wave and when it meets the wall (a stationary wave), if there is no disturbance to the spread-out wave then it passes through.
I don't think there's any "if ... then" connected with tunneling. No way to predict whether it will happen or not.
@@b43xoit It is a probability!
As always, Awesome video Arvin! By the way, I was thinking what would the animation look like when you put a photon detector on the double slit experiment? Like then we’d be able to see the ball coming out off the ball throwing machine and going thru the slit in two straight lines but still creating the interference pattern?
Also for fingers thru glass containing water, I don’t think thats photon demonstrating quantum behavior , thats merely total internal reflection, but I admit it’s a good analogy for Quantum tunneling