Is Dark ENERGY made of PARTICLES? The Quintessence of physics!
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- čas přidán 15. 06. 2024
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REFERENCES:
What are fields? • QFT: What is the unive...
What is a particle? • What Is A Particle? A ...
Higgs mechanism: • What is the ORIGIN of ...
Dynamical DM: arxiv.org/abs/2104.01930
Constant energy density of DM: arxiv.org/abs/2106.09581
Critique of holographic DM: arxiv.org/abs/2102.09816
CHAPTERS:
0:00 - What's the difference between dark energy and dark matter?
1:35 - Great documentary on MagellanTV
2:30 - Cosmological constant solution
7:24 - Dark Energy field solution (Quintessence)
8:29 - The Dark Energy Particle
9:32 - Why haven't we detected the dark matter particle?
10:10 - What is dark energy connection to dark matter
11:12 - The devastating consequence of the dark energy particle
SUMMARY:
Dark energy is different than dark matter. They are both labeled dark because we don’t know what they are. Dark matter does not absorb, reflect or emit any light. It is inferred to exist only because of its gravitational effect on galaxies and galaxy clusters. It's likely matter in the form of particles.
Dark energy is powering the accelerating expansion of the universe. It appears to be the most dominant energy form in our universe - 68% of the total.
Is it possible that dark energy could also be due to some kind of particle? And could dark energy be related to the Higgs boson and dark matter?
Einstein's equation for General Relativity required the addition of a term called the cosmological constant, Lambda to balance the expansion of the universe, so that it remained static. It was thought at the time that the universe had a specific size which did not change.
But after Edwin Hubble showed that most galaxies were moving away from us, the universe had to be expanding, Einstein realized his mistake and called it his “greatest blunder.” But in an astonishing turn of events due to the discovery of the accelerating universe, it turned out that inserting lambda back into Einstein’s equation, could account for the accelerating expansion of the universe.
But what does lambda actually mean? Physically it can be thought of as the energy of empty space, also known as the vacuum energy. Quantum mechanics shows that empty space contains energy. But its value is measured and is something we have to add in by hand.
It's important to note that this value is nowhere near the theoretical prediction of what the energy of the vacuum should be, based on the ground state energy of all the quantum fields, which is about 10^120 times larger. This has been called the worst prediction in the history of physics.
#darkenergy
#cosmological
Nevertheless, the cosmological constant is the simplest solution to dark energy and works well, as long as its value constant. But is it really constant? Some of the newest and most advanced observations seem to indicate that it might not be a constant. If true, this would lead to a solution with dynamical dark energy, or a theory where dark energy changes over time and space.
In this were the case, It could be evidence in favor of viewing dark energy as a field, not as a constant of nature. This is because fields can take on different values in space and time rather than staying constant. We could then imagine dark energy as a scalar field with some potential. This is similar to how the Higgs field works. The Higgs field is also a scalar field, and it has a non zero potential.
The dark energy field is more commonly known as a quintessence field. But anytime you have a fields, you have particles. This is because excess energy in a quantum field, or excitation in the field is what we observe as particles.
So this would point to a particle solution for dark energy. These particles must then interact with matter particles of the standard model to act as a kind of an anti-gravity force.
This called the “quintessence” model of dark energy. But if it exists, why didn’t we detect it? It's effect on matter could be so weak, that we do not have sensitive enough instruments to detect it, or it could also be that such a field does not exist.
Since quintessence fields give rise to particles, such a solution may show a connection to the dark matter particle. They could both be part of a deeper grand unified theory.
An interesting consequence of a dynamical dark energy is that the repulsion could get stronger and stronger as the universe expands. The universe would have a runaway acceleration, such that it would eventually rip everything apart including all matter and all spacetime itself. - Věda a technologie
Great video. Also, it was great meeting you last month!
Hey Mr. Beat...Nice to see you here! I've been checking out your great videos myself.
Whoa two of my favorite educational youtubers from completely different fields meeting… It feels like a avengers youtuber crossover
I love your channel. Your information is accurate and not dumbed down. I feel like I learn something every vid. ☮️
I appreciate that!
Amazing explanation as always! Really, really, it’s one of the best channels on CZcams!
Another fantastic video. Keep the good work Arvin
Great video! Thank you. This covers some of the most profound mysteries of our cosmos, and these questions you have posed, are what I often think about. The Quintessence Field for Dark Energy is an absolutely fascinating theory, it goes to the heart of trying to fully understand the fabric of Space/Time.
another great video, congrats. The english subtitles is a great help for not mother tongue like me, when is hard to understand I pause the video and I read again. Thank you Arvin, bravo from Italy :-)
Glad you liked it! thank you
Great video and great content in you CZcams channel Arvin. Love you ability to explain really deep subjects in a very simple an straightforward way!
Glad you like them!
Compare to 5-min video titled "Time = Quantum Fluctuations. Gravity = Time Dilation. Strong Force = Gravity."
Since dark energy has a gravitational repulsive effect, would a dark energy particle be a candidate for negative mass? I'm asking because a lot of solutions to equations involving stable wormholes and warp-bubbles involve exotic particles with negative mass.
Negative pressure, not negative mass. Negative mass doesn't seem possible. 2 masses would follow one another indefinitely.
Dark energy is a form of energy which we cannot/defined yet, it interacts with gravity by accelerating the expansion of the universe, anything that has mass tends to attract each other due to gravity but due to the presence of dark energy instead of attraction it tends to exert a repulsive effects and if dark energy is grater than we expect it even have the tendency to torn apart the electromagnetic and nuclear forces, and as for stable wormhole and warp drive they warp or distort the space around them using negative gravity and not negative mass, to stabilise a wormhole you would need a negative gravity which would hold the wormhole and prevent it from collapsing it unto itself, and as you said wormholes and warp drive work on the principle of distorting space around them to accelerate an object, in this case spaceships, also even if they do exist there is a possibility that the warp drive would not be able to stop and keeps on accelerating and if it could be stopped then it would destroy the neighbouring space around it, in simply world, warpdrive, hyperdrive, wormholes all require negative gravity not negative mass and its hard to belive that negative mass even existed, but off course it could exist again if String theory, and other multiversal theories turns out to be true after all they are probability that there might be multivers out there where the laws of physics as we know it works in a very different way
The terminology used in the topic of expansion is bad. There is no repulsion between objects, spacetime is expanding carrying matter along with it.
Theoretically yes. But at present dark energy seems to be distance dependent. (The further apart you are, the more the repulsion).
Even if we find dark energy particles, we would not be able to concentrate them in one place to create wormholes or alcubierre drive.
czcams.com/video/8Ut1VikFm18/video.html
Another great video, thanks! 🌷
The graphic demonstrating how gravity and dark energy come to dominate their different regimes by overlaying the equation was really insightful.
0:42 ‘‘‘Dark’ because we don't know...” I liked it how my lecturer, who was a Brit, had put it: “They are called ‘dark’ because we are not illuminated of their nature.” 🙂
I'm glad someone finally covered this in detail. Nice job. It was extremely easy to understand.
Thank you so much Arvin, you are one of, if not the best, science and space teacher on the internet.
Thanks my friend. Much appreciated.
Yes he is the best because PBS sucks!!
Brilliant explanation! Love this dark matter/energy video! Thanks Arvin, my friend!!!
Glad you enjoyed it
Thanks Arvinash for another great video,
Great video ❤ Thanks Alot for the video
Great information. Well done!
Thank you Arvin for all these materials and very interesting subjects presented. 👶
Great video, as always!
Very nice video with compact information.
No question, just mentionning what a great educator you are. Thank you.
This is easily one of the best channels on youtube.
Hi Arvin. Two exceptionally cool things in this video for me. 1. The word quintessence. I remember this from my high school Shakespeare in which Hamlet, pondering humankind, asks "And yet, to me, what is this quintessence of dust?" (a great philosophical question). 2. The equation showing mathematically how gravity dominates at small distances, and the cosmological constant at greater distances. Your style of explaining complex things like this simply makes me feel clever, because realize I am understanding stuff that I would have thought beyond me - the great strength of your channel. My question for you to consider is this: Could you dig a little deeper, maybe in another video, into this "runaway expansion" aspect of quintessence? Maybe answer: How and why does a quintessence theory of dark energy speed up the end of the universe? Is this something faster - and more dramatic - than the ordinary heat death of the universe, expected by our current (and already increasing) rate of expansion? How quick and-or violent is each one? Potential for some cool graphics by your graphics people too.
mathematical theory totally different than observed effect, and no mathematical theory of gravity matches observed reality. Even Einstein couldn't get it right!
Perfect as usual, thank's a lot.
👍thanks
My favorite knowledge provider (one out of the best teacher)
Great video as always! I think that we're still missing so much knowledge that science is just scratching the surface of reality. If somehow we could understand what spacetime is exactly we could find many answers for black holes, dark matter, dark energy... Maybe we could even solve the unification of GR and QM.
At the 6:52 point, Ash notes that lambda has the units of inverse seconds squared. It is actually inverse length squared.
You can state in different units. Inverse length is also valid, but the number would be different. This is because in physics, typically natural units are used. At the end of the day, units are something we define. It’s just important to be be consistent and able to convert between them in using the equations.
@@ArvinAsh this shows why i love Arvin uncle 😊.
@@ArvinAsh What type of natural units were you using? I was researching natural units a few weeks ago and discovered there were multiple different such systems, depending on which constants are set to 1.
I'm not sure if this is the source of the confusion but ... In relativity, distance is often interchangeable with time, using c (speed of light) to translate between the two. You are free to use either, provided you are consistent.
@@destructionman1 You're right, they're interchangeable. Ash made the same comment.
Glad videos like this existed to explain it in simple words simply learning the mathematical equations, even simply for Einstein field equation already gave me enought headache as it is.
Well information. Good show.
Wow thank you this video is really good
great description
Great video, thanks
A wonderful analogy with Newtonian Gravity! Simplifies a lot!
Hello, Mr. Arvin & team, first of all thank you very much for such succicnt description without removing the equations (understanding each component of equations in your video gives me the best satisfaction) of the hypothetical dark energy particle for non-physics people like me.
Secondly, i have 2 questions :-
Q1) What does that '3' depict at 4:10 in the equation?
Q2) Peviously i learned from your videos that, when we try to separate quarks, we encounter the phenomenon of colour confinement? So, my question is, will this phenomenon occur during BIG RIP, if it ever happened?
Thank you for your time. [DiowE]
Is it possible that we could one day utilise the vacuum/zero-point/dark energy? Could we use this to power a vehicle in space for example?
Fantastic video, nicely explained.
Yes, if you could manipulate the quantum foam somehow you should be able to tell the space how to bend itself and create a singularity. This technology could be thousands of years away though, but like he said "we need another Einstein to figure it out for us."
Buddy, how can you so easily outdo yourself so often? Big cheers! I don't see how it could've been any clearer. Even my friends who don't do science might be able to grasp it. You a seriously good explainer, sir!
many thanks
The S Sht / Sure it's easy! Imaginary things are the easiest to understand and explain. You can do it too exactly like Arvin...!🤣😂🤣
@@mikel4879 LOL
Alan Guth talks about the energy of expansion being used to create further pocket universes as infinitum. It’s an interesting theory. Sometimes I wonder if the universe itself is evolving.
This video was about the possibility of DE being a quantum field. I'd love a follow up video considering the ideas of Erik Verlinde where it is information that drives the expansion and not a quantum field
The recent update from the Dark Energy Survey collaboration has an estimation for ω very close to -1
This is expected, if dark energy is due to a constant of Nature ( like Λ in the standard interpretation ). On the other hand , in the Quintessence models this seems like an implausible and weird coincidence . So, despite the various speculative models, it seems that the Cosmological Constant is still the most natural option for dark energy.
Very understandable Arvin, thanks 👍.
There's a conversation we need to have, you know, about the elephant in the room.
Arvin describes how all the galaxies are 'moving' apart, or 'away from each other'. But the thing is, they're not. Most galaxies are not really moving at all, at least not at relativistic speeds, or even 'faster than the c', as is sometimes stated. They appear to be, because the light from them is so redshifted, but that is *not* because they are 'moving' away from us *through* spacetime, it is because the vast expanses of spacetime between us and them is 'expanding', so that light travelling over that expanse becomes progressively more stretched out to longer wavelengths as it travels, until it has been stretched so much, that it is undetectable. That is our cosmic horizon.
Many people will be aware of this, including Arvin himself, of course, but the distinction is important. When we say the universe is expanding, what do we really mean? Is it really getting bigger, or is there just more 'spacetime'? And what, exactly, does that mean? Is there actually 'more' spacetime, or does there just appear to be? Because the galaxies are not actually 'moving', in any real sense of the word, it seems very contradictory to say that the universe is expanding, ie getting 'bigger' when nothing is actually 'moving' away from anything else. Since galaxies are not actually moving, then how can they be said to be 'further apart' with the passing of time?
I do realise that everything we observe tells us this same story, that distant galaxies are exactly that, their light attenuated by billions of light years of 'distance', but that's billions of light years of spacetime, and may not be the same as 'distance' in the way we normally understand it.
There has to be a better description of this, and I'm wondering if it relates to the flow of time.
It is often said that the 'centre' of our universe, is a point in time, rather than a point in space; and in a similar way, I'm wondering if it would be better to describe distant galaxies as being 'distant in time', rather than 'distant in space'. But according to Einstein, space and time are inseparable, they are facets of the same 'thing'. What exactly is this 'thing'? It seems so ambiguous, so difficult to understand, and yet Einstein himself made sense of it, to the extent that he could describe it mathematically in his equations of relativity.
Hey Arvin, could you examine some of these ideas/apparent paradoxes in one of your videos?
I absolutely love your content, and the Bobby Cole outro music just killed me!!
👏👏🚀🚀
The variable speed of light and machs principle allows for a static universe. I think it might be a compelling alternative to what you are proposing.
Really liked it
The word “dark” shows the incredible creativity and eloquence of scientists.
Amazing Video Arvin. so you think Dark Matter and Dark Energy are totally different things? are there any similarities? and please talk about JWST and Eric Lerner's idea which leads to Big bang debunk
I was playing around with some numbers, trying to get an understanding of the scale of 10^120. And apparently the planck length diameter of the visible universe, squared, is less than one order of magnitude different from the vacuum catastrophe.
It's probably just a coincidence, but it's such an oddly precise and seemingly relevant equality, that it feels significant. Pretty sure they fall firmly inside each other's error bars.
Great ending!
The Cosmological Constant has units of 1/s^2... which would be equivalent to hz^2, right? So what are the implications of thinking of it like that? As a frequency value across two time dimensions?
The most intuitive way to explain how or why a particle like a photon (or electron, etc) might behave as an uncertain location particle while also like a polarizable axial or helical wave ''packet'', given that everything in the universe from electrons to solar systems are in orbit with something else pulling them into polarizable axial or helical apparent waves depending on the orientation of their orbits as they travel thru space, is that they’re in orbit with an undetectable dark matter particle pulling them into polarizable axial or helical apparent waves as they travel.
And given that we know we’re in a sea of undetectable dark matter but don’t know where it’s disbursed, we can imagine that they’re in orbit with an undetectable dark matter particle pulling them into polarizable axial or helical apparent waves as they travel where the speed of their orbit determines the wavelength and the diameter is the amplitude which would explain the double slit, uncertainty, etc. No?
I think Einstein's wrong, that time is constant and that dark matter is the limiting factor to the speed of light. I think it’s not 'space-time' bending but rather gravitational and dark matter density variations.
Thanks Marvin
Love your videos...wondering if you had a video about this thought, since i watch cause i don't understand :), " if the universe is infinite or near to it and it is made of 'quintessence' or dark x,
then wouldn't it make sense that the overall sum of gravity from all the infinite/near infinite quintessence would pull apart the universe faster and faster as we have observed? If it isn't infinite, could Lamba be used to calculate a theoretical size of the universe?"
All nice program❤
There are those like Unzicker’s Real Physics channel who offer a different view. That is, variable speed of light, which would adjust the expansion issue.
All kinds ot things can be hypothesized, but there is no evidence for a variable speed.
Is the actual numerical value of the cosmological constant the same number when Einstein used it, verses when we use it today?
If not, is it merely adjusted or corrected... or is it really a completely different constant altogether?
Hi Arvin. Your video at 0:38 and 10:50 reminds me of ancient Indian shastras - Brahma (Dark Matter), Vishnu (Visible Matter) and Mahesh (Dark Energy). Creator, Maintenance and destroyer of Universe. What do you think?
Also, as per the Indian shastras, the destroyer is considered as most powerful (Dark energy 68.5%), then creator ( Dark matter 26.5%) and than maintainer (Visible Matter 5%)
11:57
1. The Big Rip: rips quarks.
2. Confinement: "Am I a joke to you?!"
always love your well researched presentation.
The closer you get to a mass, the slower time flows. Is dark energy a description of this? In the space between galaxies, very little mass, time flows faster & expansion rate increases relative to that in galaxies?
This is a question about gravity and its effect on time. I consider that gravity is caused by the distortion of time and that distortion is caused by energy/matter, especially when it's clumped together. As we know it has been observed that time will dilate in a gravitational field (or conversly gravity gets stronger when time gets dilated). We also know that all the particles of an object, say the earth, combine to make up the gravitational field which we and other orbiting things experience here on and around the earth. If we were to tunnel into the earth, we would begin to get pulled in opposite directions and the gravitational pull that we'd experience would be the vector sum of the gravitational pull of all the particles, direction would play a part. So, as we aproach the center of the earth we would begin to feel less and less gravity (assuming we don't burn up but that's another story). So, in the center of the earth there would be no net gravitational pull. Would there still be time dilation? I would expect so as we are still in a gravity field but that is only an educated assumption.
Great explanations. I enjoyed the clarity of understanding the components of Einsteins equation. It helped to set the context of the problem.
Can you tell me what is gravitation. I don't have any clear understanding!
@@surendranmk5306 can anybody?
@@surendranmk5306
Are you insinuating that gravity doesn’t exist??
@@hupekyser when this question asked to Nobel prize awarded kip thorne ,' it is a meaning less question " he answered!
@@surendranmk5306 so gravity is meaningless?
You're trying to speak in riddles here. But if i had to guess what you're getting at.... God did it?
Hmm. If the expansion became strong enough that it forced quarks apart, but everytime they were forced apart new quarks are created, would the universe eventually be densely packed with quarks and new quarks being created for eternity?
Interesting. That would look like a Big Bang with hyper inflation.
I believe the sphere of causality also shrinks as the range of dark energy’s radius of influence gets smaller, so there would be no space for quarks to form into.
Just like the cells that compose our bodies, and we never know the difference…
I always get existential crisis when thinking about the end of the universe, i know it doesn't make sense as i will be long dead, but i find it sad that at some point there will be no live.
Now after watch this video I am able to understand the 'einstein biggest blunder' because you really show parts and meaning of the equaiton. Thank you.
Could the velocity of light be increasing with time, perhaps because the density of virtual particles it interacts with in space is decreasing? Wouldn't that be interpreted as an accelerating expansion of the universe?
Hello Mr. Ash, only today I found and subscribed your channel (from 🇩🇪), thank to great Sabine Hossenfelder😎 For long I have at least 2 gnarling questions:
(1) How do we actually know that the universe is expanding even in an accelerated way? Red-shifted galaxies we observe can at most tell us an expansion rate in the past. If expansion accelerates this red shift should increase for comparable distances of galaxies closer to us (recent past) than further away. But we can't tell where they are now, and with the same red shift we determine their apparent distance (not at the same time) and their acceleration? Is both even possible? I guess we can't even tell their local velocities or where they are today. With a seeming Hubble "constant" there should be no acceleration, right?
(2) Could Dark Energy or Quintessence be in some means a counteraction to the gravitational local warping of space time in a sense of energy conservation? It seems not, since both energy forms have different dimensions, also in dependence of R. But if Dark energy maybe is a constant energy density of space, where does more space come from?
Welcome aboard. There really is no such thing as "right now" on a cosmic scale. There is no reason to believe that what we are observing in our telescopes has changed in any way over time. If it did, we would be able to observe it.
Regarding your second question, we cannot say that “space is being created”. All we can say is that, on the largest scales, everything is flying away from everything else, which simply means that there is more distance between galaxies today than there was in the past. But this does not mean that any space is being created. Space is not really a thing by itself. If there was nothing in space, there would be no way for us to measure any distances. All we know is that things are moving apart at an accelerated rate over very large distances.
@@ArvinAsh thank you very much for your quick and kind answer! I like to see things the way you are, but it poses questions 😊
So in what sense does expansion accelerates? Rather because the volume increases non-linearly with a constant expansion rate in any given direction ("no reason to believe ... changed in any way over time"). Are you saying we dont see a slower or faster expansion in the data of old/far away galaxies? Since all Hubke flow diagrams I saw show linear trends.
It is always said the "space grid" itself expands accelerating, leading to the great rip, and Dark Energy might be the constant space energy density. So even if space is not created it seems to be filled with more total energy while growing.
Ah... all this is so mind-buggling and fascinating. Thank you again for your great videos!!! 😎❤️🇩🇪
@@ArvinAsh ah, this cool video is giving a brief answer to our data suggestion an accelerating expansion. So the curve is not linear.
czcams.com/video/tXkBfkeJJ5c/video.html
I love this channel 😎
is there any connection with dark energy (increasing rate of universe expansion / doppler red shift) and entropy? Or does (and if so, how does) entropy effect dark matter?
What if the universe is a kinda like a growing/expanding “balloon” with a “soap bubble-like surface” (witch is moving and fluent on the surface just like a soap bubble is and “would explain” that galaxies and stars and planets etc can merge and “move around”)? Everything we see and can interact with is on the surface of the “balloon/soap bubble”.
The galaxies, stars etc are like dots on the surface and “stays together” (what you would call Dark matter - the “balloon/soap bubble” in it self) but would eventually even they themself get “pulled appart” when the “balloon/soap bubble” gets big/stretched enough that it even pulls the dot on the “balloon/soap bubble” apart stretching and stretching as moore and moore “air” (aka Dark energy) makes the “balloon/soap bubble” bigger and bigger.
The “balloon/soap bubble” is also the fabric of spacetime itself. It is stretchable (why I say a “balloon”) in itself and if you put like a “ball/marble” (galaxies, black holes, planets etc) on the surface of the “balloon” with different weight you would get different indents in the fabric of the spacetime (just like we see that they make with gravity in the spacetime fabric - aka the “balloon”).
The “air” in the “balloon/soap bubble” is what we would call Dark energy. You can’t “see” or “interact” with it in a sense (right now but perhaps in the future like “underspace”) as it is the “underlying” thing that makes the “balloon/soap bubble” grow and get bigger and bigger (how big and stretched can and will it get before it eventually perhaps pops if it can?).
It would also “explain” why it would appear that the galaxies far away seems to be moving faster and faster away from us. As the “balloon/soap bubble” gets bigger and bigger the distant between the stretched out galaxies would seem to move faster and faster even thou the “amount of air” blown into the “balloon/soap bubble” is the same at “all” time. The “balloon/soap bubble” keeps getting bigger and bigger and that makes the galaxies far away seem to move faster then they do as the “balloon/soap bubble” in it self is getting bigger and bigger.
Just a thought and a hypothetical theory of mine. /Jan Skogsberg
Hi Arvin, thanks for the video. Is it not possible that the effect of dark matter is an intersection with matter from another universe in a multiverse where different laws apply except for gravity?
There is no evidence of this, and that hypothesis is probably not testable. Anytime a mystery is attempted being explained by other unproven mysteries, it should be taken with a grain of salt.
@@ArvinAsh Many thanks for your response. Ideally the phenomena of dark energy and matter will be explicable within the near future.
Another great vid! 'Repulsive' is a relative term, since objects could seem to be repelled from within when they're actually being attracted from without!? 🙂
L Christian / In reality, is the other way around, because "repulsive" is the universal fundamental phenomenon, and "attraction" is the apparent one, and represents the "reversed", local and temporary dynamic .
1. What are differences and similarities of state of subatomic particles in Big Bang and supermassive black holes?
2. If state of matters are similar how come cooling down temperature exponentially within micro or milli seconds led to formation of electrons, protons etc. after Big Bang and such cooling and aftereffects are not observed in supermassive black holes?
3. 3.3 times solar mass is required to undergo black hole formation after consumption of all fuel. Other stars of lesser mass will be white dwarfs or neutron stars. If mass is so critical for formation of black holes, most of the mass in dead stars away from center will lack minimum mass to affect entire mass turned into black holes. That means centre may be black holes whereas outer layers should be full of neutrons. But I am not aware of such descriptions to date.
Yes the higgs field is where I predict it to be and the higgs field is trapped in what I would describe as a gravity field or the higgs field is the gravity field. In order to have restriction there must be a contrast between the two forces, in other words from a certain perspective they need to run in opposite directions. That can occur if both forces are traveling at the same speed in opposite directions or one is traveling at twice the speed as the other. I prefer the latter that way massless particles can move as fast as they do, which is the difference in speeds and that difference is the speed of light. while massed particles encounter restriction while traveling through the gravity field. This restriction pushes mass together and forms structures.
there's a theory i've heard before that gravity is basically just the effect of dark energy repelling matter away from itself, as opposed to an attractive force between physical objects...reminds me a lot of the things discussed in this video...ties into the use of toroidal field generators for energy production, but still super..."esoteric" lines of study at this point...
The idea that our universe is expanding was first observationally discovered by Edwin Hubble in 1929. Before this discovery, Einstein had introduced the cosmological constant to keep the universe from collapsing under the influence of gravity. Two opposite ideas that exchange importance in waves over time.
Quintessence sounds a lot like the Lumeniferous Aether (an undetected field that permeates all spacetime through which light was once thought to propagate.)
You read my mind lol. Looks like it's just ethers all the way down, or in this case up 😂
dark matter sounds a lot like aether as well
Maxwell's Aether was particulate and relativistic, moving in all directions at the speed of light -- see Whittaker.
Dark energy is a wrong concept. Isn't Dark Energy is being used to ignore the fact that Big Bang didn't create space, and space existed before Big Bang? Space existed before the Big Bang. And therefore, the matter could move into space, and space could come into matter areas. Seemingly, the concept of Dark Energy is a scientific lie because it hides (is being used to hide) the existence of the universe before the Big Bang. If the center of the universe should have a higher density, and matter moves away from the center of the universe, then a Big Bounce would make the required density at the center again as a cyclic process. Seemingly, space causes to continue that process somehow. And there is nothing else that really exists called Dark ENERGY. The density of the space beyond the island universe and inside the island universe is different because there was space beyond the island universe before the Big Bang. Therefore, the galaxies have to move away from each other to balance the density between those areas. Using the word Energy to explain that process is misleading and ignores the fact that Big Bang didn't create all the space. And most people ignore the fact that the universe is gaining space from somewhere. So, using a name like Dark Space to mention the growth of space in the observable universe is better than calling it Dark Energy. General relativity is only a geometric theory and doesn't make the quantum reality.
Aether specifies preferred reference frame, quitessence does not. They are not the same.
What if space itself was actually a particle that we can't interact with, because my understanding of hawking radiation is that space around a black hole is compressed to a point where they become matter anti-matter pairs, anti-matter falls in while the matter escapes. So that would mean that when they attract and annihilate they become "energy", what if this energy is space, that would also mean that there would definitely be a limit to how small of a particle we can observe simply because there would be a point where the particle is smaller than the space that surrounded it.
We clearly haven't understood the medium of space and the possibility of substrata. No only with dark energy but also with gravity.
How do we do physics equations? Coming from an outsider, this may be a dumb question but do we use the order of operations to do these equations or am I missing something?
It is a very good question. I would love to hear an answer from someone more educated than me.
Is with proton decay contraction a possibility
During the big rip, wouldn't the energy required to pull the elementary particles from each other, overpowering gluons, create new particles? If so, I think it makes sense that a "big bang" of matter creation could happen in the same period. You would have fundamental particles being ripped away from each other and created at the same time, which would be ripped apart as well. Then there's the event horizon aspect of space in that time as well. Time would be slowed by the speed of the expansion being so fast as to envelop each point with its own event horizon, and time would cease to be relevant. The presence of so much matter and energy being created may give you an early universe filled with a broiling soup of fundamental particles, much like is theorized a trillionth of a second after the big bang we have studied.
Yes.
@@ArvinAsh Lol. Would that be considered a continuation of this universe or a new one? Also, I like to think how there's a striking similarity between particle pairs creating new pairs with the energy of being ripped apart, and our universe being created from the energy of the old one being ripped apart
I wish we could come up with different names other than Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
If dark energy or matter are actually particles I think they are somehow locked up within spacetime itself. Perhaps if we could create gravitational waves with enough energy spacetime would radiate particles much the way electromagnetism radiates photons.
Gravitoelectromagnetism?!
Q: has anyone considered that the massive difference in figures may be coming from the virtual particles? I mean, sure, they are not "real", but they still need energy and/or mass. This to me sounds like a really straightforward explanation.
Do electron "decay" (longer wave length) by just travelling? If so, do they "decay" in proportional quanta? Because the redshift could be different within each wave length and give the ideia of accelareted expansio... I guess...
If dark energy is an excitation of fields that permeate space and time, thus it is considered as a particle, then how would such force-carrying particle counteract the geometric curvature caused by massive objects (gravity)? Would it pull the fabric of space-time back up and beyond the flatness, as opposed to the depression caused by gravity? Or are there any imagery simplifications that better suit the description of how such would come to be in comparison to what I asked?
Will you explaining this year nobel prize
Nice video! I’ve a question, kind of personal, but I know you’ve studied about most of information you have, still “if” you don’t know everything about a video then from where do you gain information? Like you know 94% but you still need to know rest of 6%
Consultation with physicists
Ok
Think I saw Etienne Klein at the beginning. What a great French Science man he is.
Could time itself be intertwined in some way with the forces of dark matter and/or dark energy?
very well explained!
I think that Dark Energy and Dark Matter could be originating from other realms of dimensions. Maybe information coming into the the physical universe is needed to explain the origin of complex structures like the APT complex but also needed to explain why people outperform AI in open ended problems like an autopilot for a car, unlike closed ended problems like chess and go where no situations will arise outside the rules of the game. Maybe Dark matter is complex matter where intelligence are present in other branes, affecting the physical universe with gravity and also having control over quantum events inside the long term distribution function? Dark energy maybe too?
Great explanation..i've been following you from long time.I hope ur video will definitely help me to know the truth reality of this nature.
You missed to enlighten us on one question, though: at which R do the forces governed by G and Lambda cancel out, for say, the mass of the Erath?
Is it possible that different kind of energy waves when faces resistance of Higgs field while propagation creates subatomic particles of different nature. Is it possible that continuous energy to mass and mass to energy transformation has created the universe?
9:18 also believe that:
1 fire is are spark, electric monopole causes it.
2 water is are wave, magnetic dipole causes it.
3 earth is are mass, mass 3-pole causes it.
4 air is are gravity, gravitational 4-pole causes it.
5 Quintessense is are space-time 5-pole.
So, Johnson noise has to be a by product of some equation? Everything on the left of the equation has has to match on the right side of the equal sign... right?
The analogy I tend to use is:
The Big Bang was like a drop of milk in coffee, slowly but increasingly mixing with what was already there. This would mean that I am partial to branes (and perhaps M theory).
Never forget that models of the universe and mathematical equations used in the models are at best approximations.
I wonder about all the energy that is radiated from all sorts of objects, mostly stars, before they release actual matter back into the universe (supernovas and other machanisms). What happens to this "raw" energy and could it have any effect on the ST expansion acceleration?
There is no such thing as raw energy as you describe it. Surely stars radiate, but this radiation is nothing but electromagnetic radiation, i.e. light. This light isn't visible to our eyes, but physically it's exactly the same as visible light. Electromagnetic radiation, in whatever form, has no effect on the expansion of the universe.
When electromagnetic "waves" lose/expend energy due to the expansion of space or as they "climb out" of a "gravity well", and they get red-shifted, where does that lost energy go?
IF it is dynamical dark energy, then that guy that won the Noble Prize in inflation theory may be right? That in the early universe, very early, dark energy has a repulsive force in the order as predicted by quantum theory? Imagine harnessing that kind of energy.
Thanks for another fascinating video, makes me ponder over whatever I think, know.
Interestingly according to Hinduism the universe is made of Pancha Maha-Bhuta i.e 5 great-elements, only difference, fifth element is 'Space''. These elements cause the universe go-through endless cycles of creation-destruction.