Gerund or Infinitive?

In English, whether to use a gerund (the -ing form of a verb) or an infinitive (to + base form of a verb) can depend on the main verb in the sentence, the meaning you want to convey, or fixed expressions. Here are some general rules and examples:
1. After Certain Verbs
Some verbs are typically followed by a gerund, while others are followed by an infinitive.
Verbs Followed by Gerunds:
Enjoy: I enjoy swimming.
Avoid: She avoids talking to strangers.
Mind: Do you mind opening the window?
Verbs Followed by Infinitives:
Decide: He decided to leave early.
Hope: They hope to win the game.
Offer: She offered to help with the project.
2. After Certain Expressions
Certain expressions are followed by a gerund or an infinitive.
Expressions Followed by Gerunds:
Be busy: She is busy preparing for the exam.
It’s no use: It’s no use crying over spilled milk.
Expressions Followed by Infinitives:
It’s important: It’s important to be on time.
It’s easy: It’s easy to see the problem.
3. With Certain Meanings
Sometimes the choice between a gerund and an infinitive changes the meaning of the sentence.
Example with "Stop":
Stop + gerund: He stopped smoking. (He quit smoking.)
Stop + infinitive: He stopped to smoke. (He paused what he was doing in order to smoke.)
Example with "Remember":
Remember + gerund: I remember meeting her last year. (I recall the memory of meeting her.)
Remember + infinitive: Remember to meet her at 5. (Don’t forget to meet her.)
4. After Prepositions
Gerunds are used after prepositions, while infinitives are not.
He is interested in learning new languages.
She is good at drawing.
5. After Certain Adjectives
Infinitives are often used after adjectives to express a reaction or attitude.
She is happy to help.
It’s difficult to understand.
6. With Certain Nouns
Some nouns are followed by infinitives to express necessity or importance.
He made a decision to move to New York.
She gave permission to leave early.
Common Verbs that can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive with a change in meaning:
Forget:
Gerund: He forgot locking the door. (He did it, but he doesn’t remember.)
Infinitive: He forgot to lock the door. (He didn’t do it.)
Regret:
Gerund: I regret saying that. (I’m sorry about what I said.)
Infinitive: I regret to inform you. (I’m sorry to tell you.)
Practice Exercise
Decide whether the gerund or infinitive is correct in each sentence:
She enjoys (to read/reading) novels in her free time.
They decided (to go/going) on a road trip.
He stopped (to chat/chatting) with his neighbor.
I remember (to call/calling) you last night.
It’s no use (to argue/arguing) with him.
Answers:
reading
to go
to chat
calling
arguing
Understanding the distinctions between gerunds and infinitives is crucial for mastering English grammar and ensuring your sentences convey the intended meaning.
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