Sysel obecný - The European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) - Hlas/Voice

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Sysel obecný - The European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus)
Sysel obecný (Spermophilus citellus) je jediný evropský zástupce rodu sysel. Je jako všichni ostatní veverkovití zástupcem řádu hlodavců. Na rozdíl od příbuzné veverky je to hlodavec zemní[2].
Popis
Sysel dorůstá délky okolo 20 centimetrů a dosahuje váhy 200-400 gramů. Má hustý, hnědavý, přiléhavý kožich, velké oči, malé ušní boltce a krátký ocas. Jeho čtyřprsté přední končetiny jsou o hodně kratší než zadní.
Rozšíření
Žije především v jihovýchodní Evropě a Malé Asii, ale místa jeho výskytu zasahují až do Polska a České republiky, kam se rozšířil s nástupem zemědělství. Dříve to byl hojný škůdce, dnes se ale v české přírodě stává vzácností. Existují dvě teorie, proč se tak děje. První hovoří o úbytku přirozených ploch pro jeho výskyt, druhá teorie zastává myšlenku, že hranice výskytu druhů se přirozeně mění, a proto není nezvyklé, že zvířata dočasně nebo trvale zmizí.
Způsob života
Je to denní zvíře. Hloubí si nory, ve kterých spí.
Ochrana
Sysel je kvalifikován jako kriticky ohrožený druh (C1) a podléhá ochraně z celoevropského hlediska (dle zákona č. 114/1992 Sb. a vyhlášky č. 395/1992 Sb.).
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The European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus), also known as the European souslik, is a species from the squirrel family, Sciuridae. It and the speckled ground squirrel (Spermophilus suslicus) are the only European representatives of the genus Spermophilus. Like all squirrels, it is a member of the rodent order.
The European ground squirrel grows to a length of approximately 20 cm (8 in) and a weight of approximately 300 grams (11 oz). It is a diurnal animal, living in colonies of individual burrows in pastures or grassy embankments. The squirrels emerge during the day to feed upon seeds, plant shoots and roots or flightless invertebrates. The colonies maintain sentinels who whistle at the sight of a predator, bringing the pack scurrying back to safety.
Breeding takes place in early summer when a single litter of five to eight young is borne. The European ground squirrel hibernates between autumn and March, the length of time depending on the climate. In preparation they will build up reserves of brown fat during the late summer.
Description
The European ground squirrel is about the size of a brown rat, with an adult measuring 20 to 23 cm (8 to 9 in) and a weight of 240 to 340 g (8.5 to 12.0 oz). It has a slender build with a short bushy tail. The short dense fur is yellowish-grey, tinged with red, with a few indistinct pale and dark spots on the back. The underside is pale with a sandy-coloured abdomen. The large dark eyes are placed high on the head and the small, rounded ears are hidden in the fur. The dental formula is 1/1, 0/0, 2/1, 3/3. The legs are powerful with sharp claws well adapted for digging. Males are slightly larger than females otherwise they look alike.
The European ground squirrel has a shrill alarm call that will cause all other individuals in the vicinity to dive for cover. It also makes various soft chirruping and growling noises.
Distribution and Habitat
The European ground squirrel is endemic to central and southeastern Europe where its range is divided by the Carpathian Mountains. Its range includes land at altitudes of up to 800 metres (2,600 ft) in southern Ukraine, Asia Minor, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia and north as far as Poland.
It needs short turf in order to dig its tunnel system. It finds this on the steppes and in pasture, in dry banks, on sports fields, parks and lawns. Other places with short vegetation that sometimes provides suitable habitat are railway embankments and road cuttings and verges.
Behaviour
The European ground squirrel is a colonial animal and is mainly diurnal. It excavates a branching system of tunnels up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) deep with several entrances. At other places in the home range it digs unbranched bolt holes in which to hide if danger threatens. If alarmed it emits a piercing whistle and when it is out in the open it often sits upright and looks around for predators. These include the weasel, fox, domestic cat and some species of birds of prey. It feeds on grasses, other plants, flowers, seeds, cultivated crops, insects and occasionally the eggs of ground nesting birds or their chicks.
(Wikipedia)

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Ahoj je tady Sysel!

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