Something weird happens when you keep squeezing
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- čas přidán 12. 11. 2023
- Under extreme pressures, matter defies the rules of physics as we know it.
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Physicists have a pretty good handle on how stuff behaves on the surface of the Earth. But a lot of matter in the universe exists outside this narrow band of relatively low temperatures and pressures. Inside planets and stars, the crushing force of gravity begins to overwhelm the electromagnetic and nuclear forces that keep atoms apart and maintain the shapes of molecules.
What happens next? Scientists (including a consortia of researchers at the NSF’s Center for Matter at Atomic Pressures) are just starting to figure that out. They use a variety of tools (including some humongous lasers) to simulate planetary cores and see what happens. A few standout findings so far:
Water can become a hot black ice that conducts electricity: www.quantamagazine.org/black-...
Hydrogen gas can be compressed down into a shiny metal: www.newscientist.com/article/...
Sodium (a soft, silvery metal at atmospheric pressure) can turn transparent: www.sciencedaily.com/releases...
Presented by the Center for Matter at Atomic Pressures (CMAP) at the University of Rochester,
a National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center, Award PHY-2020249 cmap.rochester.edu/
What happens under extreme pressures deep with planets also influences their ability to foster life. Check out our videos about the search for Earth-like worlds beyond our solar system:
What we found when we went looking for another Earth: • What we found when we ...
How to find a planet you can’t see:
• How to find a planet y...
Here’s a closer look at another giant laser (at the National Ignition Facility):
• This giant laser can s...
To see a classic film that takes a similar approach to understanding distances (from the microscopic to the galactic) check out “Powers of Ten”: • Powers of Ten™ (1977)
This material is based upon work of the Center for Matter at Atomic Pressures (CMAP), supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-2020249. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation.
This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0003856, the University of Rochester, and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority.
This video was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof.
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This was absurdly well produced. Makes me feel like I'm a kid watching a science show on TV again.
I always loved watching science documentaries as a kid.
I second that, the production is top notch.
It kinda looks like it was made for kids.
Yeh worryingly so :D Hope they don't go bust like Vice!
yeah I loved the end with the quick round-up
As a PhD student working on matters at high pressure, I am amazed by the scientific precision and easy-to-follow demonstration. Simply amazing.
Just out of curiosity, do you study/learn/theorize about the types of matter believed to be in neutron stars, like nuclear spaghetti and nuclear pasta? I was kinda hoping Vox would bring it up here, but they didn't :/
@@ryanmcintyre3616 No, the things I study are still made of atoms. I'm not sure if people are able to produce the pressure found in neutron stars, but this certainly is the future of science.
@@yushidong7712 thanks for the info, and, as far as I know, humanity hasn't found a way to reproduce the conditions found in neutron stars.
Atoms contain 99.999999% empty vacuum space. Why matter is not 99.9999% compressible?
I have a question as well. Do you know if any of these materials are predicted to be stable once produced? Is there some hypothetical carbon XII you could make with the weight of jupiter, that you could then remove and use to make things with? If so that opens up a lot of possibilities in the future.
10/10
From Intro to Outro, even perfectly fitting music. Whatever team this scripted and produced, you are clearly perfectionists enjoying themselves.
Literally an outro like an anime or tv show 10/10
I would say the music needed to be a bit lower in volume, but the rest is quite spot on. This was very fun to watch ! :)
Is it something I could find on spotify or was it made exclusively for this video? I got it stuck in my head lol
@@PROVE1202 At 11:12 people who made the music are listed in the credits. Maybe you can find something through their names.
@@HighFlyer96 First off thanks, I did some digging and It seems that it was made specifically for the credits, which is unfortunate
I’m surprised you guys didn’t talk about neutron stars. They’re probably the most dense bunches of matter in the universe after black holes. After reaching the pressures of a neutron star, electrons quite literally FUSE with the protons in the nucleus of an atom turning all protons into neutrons. A neutron star consists of what is known as “nuclear pasta” and it would’ve been cool to see you guys cover that.
The reason they didn't would prob fall under the reasoning that all of that info is purely theoretical and untested, electrons as compared to protons and neutrons, are technically unobserveable, and even now we only have a "good idea" of how they work. Such is the complexity of being tiny.
Because that is theoretical physics we can only observe and predict some calculations. These are real life experiments, where you actually can see the effects of these enormous pressures on every day substances. I think that kept the subjects separated for this reason
Neutron stars are just theory not reality
@@willow7466at 9:00, scientists start to "think" instead of "see", so this video has already strayed into the theoretical physics playground
I have some lumps beneath the skin on the palms of my hand. These formed while I was opening a really tight jar of pickles. I'm pretty sure they're tiny neutron stars because I did squeeze really hard.
Absolute world class science communication
👍
👍
Rite
Fr
👍
I really appreciate you traveling all the way to the center of the sun for this video; really demonstrates your dedication to your work
bro he didn't actually travelled inside the sun bro it's just an animation the real guy is actually just in a green screen bro and he-
@@moonshot3159 If he is in a green screen, why was we wearing SUNglasses? Touché!
Good you set the facts straight!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!@@moonshot3159
@@moonshot3159 if you look closely, the sun is all around him, so he must have travelled through the sun. What do you think spacex has been doing lately? thats how he got there
Bonus points for diving into it during the day. That's honest work!
This was a really friggin well made video. High energy density and high pressure physics are fascinating
This is the first video in a while that actually kept me interested all the way through. Great job, the animation is amazing and such a hard topic was submitted in such simple form
Great video but you should work on repairing your attention span which has clearly been destroyed by social media.
@@FacitOmniaVoluntas.M'lady
@@FacitOmniaVoluntas. yeah I used to only have shorts but now I get recommended 30-minute videos now 😀
Vox turning a new leaf and making science videos now. Love the video btw.
They've been making those for years now. It's how I got to know about them.
@@deathtrap5556same! For me it's the biomimicry video
They’ve been doing that
Nothing new
Implying they're betraying some sort of anti-science stance?
loved the animation style and sound design. thank you for doing such a great job communicating science!
Turn the sound up when he's talking about the weight of Manhattan balanced on a phone, editor had fun with that one.
@@patrickmattin96099:57
lol@@patrickmattin9609
CZcams compression algorithm:
Let me just remove all this detail...
@@patrickmattin9609I thought they were gonna keep going with the scale and show like the entire country of the U.S on a phone lol
This is arguably one of the best videos I've seen on this platform in terms of storytelling and production. Amanzing job!
This video was perfect from start to finish, the topic , how the video was structured, animated and edited, what a masterpiece.
I love how Vox made this highly technical topic interesting to the average people like me. More of this please! 😊
Agree. Accessible to a wide range of audience.
How does it feel to be average ?!
It’s nice that so many can watch and get something out of it
@@speed999-uj5kr could be better, could be worse
@@speed999-uj5kr what's that supposed to mean? some people need exposure and learning for science topics and this is easy to understadna and highly visual
I haven't seen something this amazingly well created from Vox in a while. More please!
I didnt think they would make a titan submersible joke
@@RichestBluezThere even was an implosion sound effect lol
I thought the same! Please, more of this and less politics!!!
So good, I hit subscribe...
When Vox stays away from the woke garbage they actually produce good stuff.
I love these videos, it shows that every expert understands so slightly more than the average person that we all truly know nothing as truth.
I love these kinds of videos, stuffing my head full of little facts I can spout for fun, that are also insanely intresting
I think this is my new favorite vox episode
The story telling
The animations
The graphics
The content
And especially the end
Great job
dont forget THE ROCK
yep, really wondering what's the ending song is
@@anhquang5466 CC says Lump of Coal by Adam Cole
The ending gave me the same feeling I get after a great movie
@@RichardCox0 Exactly what I thought, and why its my new favourite episode!
Super nice job on the animations in this video. Keep up the good work, Vox!
"Good work"
It's pretty telling about the pop-sci genre that there are more comments about the animations than the 45cm wide laser. Lol! In spite of all the cartoons they even barely grazed the surface of discussing this scientific phenomenon . Mentioned electromagnetism once or twice and showed a cartoon guy holding a tower on his hand. Good video for a 3year old maybe?
@@mechez774the video is made for general audiences and is meant to entertain. It’s supposed to incite scientific curiosity in those who aren’t already interested in the concepts. If you already have a baseline knowledge of the subjects and want to know more, u should probably read a paper. This video was never meant to be more than a surface level introduction and it’s made clear through the presentation
well your goal is fruiting
Atoms contain 99.999999% empty vacuum space. Why matter is not 99.9999% compressible?
Well done, what an excellent production. Thank-you!
The very unconventional style of the visuals works perfectly! More please!!
Obviously the visuals were amazing, but lets congratulate the sound design and music as well! Fantastic video!
the whole production was amazing
can't find the song at the end anywhere. anyone got the source?
Sound was great, except for that one echoey room the host was sometimes in. I found it distracting.
@@shivrajtakhell9111 Ditto. CC says "Lump of Coal" but I still can't find the song.
Vox is the one media source that seems like they’re actually trying to improve every time
this video got recommended to me yesterday but I thought it looked a bit "clickbaity", so I just ignored. Today I noticed it was from Vox, which instantly made me change my mind about watching it :P you can't go wrong with a Vox video.
@@Onimirare T, you very well can go wrong with a Vox video but if it's something like this, then it's almost certainly objectively true with no spin.
@@Cecilia-ky3uw
Honestly, I lean more left than I do right and _I_ see your point
@@Onimirareyou most certainly can💀
Thanks, this was really well done. Loved the whole GOTG like credits music at the end :)
This is a really super high quality content, it's such a pleasure to watch, plus it's science, what's not to love. Massive thank you to all the people who are involved in making this video. 😊
I am beyond words for how well-produced this episode was. Would love to work on something like this with team Vox.
Hi, i work with Vox. we would like to hire you.
@@buglenny you're fired.
@@buglennyto be considered for employment we simply need your social sec number, mothers maiden name, and the name of your high school mascot
Well now that they told us they can do it. How? What's that "window" made out of that it can take such pressures? How is that kind of pressure measured. I literally dont believe this.
Shut it down, this CZcams commentator doesn't believe it's real and DESTROYS scientist with logic
This is probably one of the best videos explaining fusion.
None of this is new information. Delete this
Nah it’s pretty boring and slow
This barely explains fusion
@@tigpowerleck998 wow, it must be painful being the flawless illuminated intelligence you are in a world of plebs and amoebae.
@@nearbylegends It provides a lot of the context and background necessary for understanding the process and why it's difficult, which is better than most publications do when they try to explain just fusion
A pure masterpiece of a video! Absolutely amazing work. 👏🏼👏🏼
Holy, the quality of the animation, sound design, the humor and narration are just top tier. I'm not even a native english speaker but that was so well done, i was able to fully understand the subject.
That's a pity we don't have the same medium of work at school, it could give a new interest in science.
The production value of this is off the charts. I loved everything about this episode
Ikr
76th like 1 day ago
Fr
This was by far my favourite Vox video. Please, please, please continue to make quality educational content like this. It was fantastic. That song at the end was the cherry on top.
Agreed!!
I thought so too! Like Jonathan Coulton but straight-up science anthropomorphization... fun without being darkly hilarious. ;-)
This really is a good animation, i hope this kind of style is being made again, and that Titan explosion sound though, nice touch
What an amazing video. I was able to watch it through even though I have severe unmedicated ADHD, something I thought impossible. Thank you.
Eh.. if you have ‘severe ADHD’ you should probably get that medicated?
@@bg-zn4gj Funny catch 22 there, getting medicated for ADHD involves a lot of phone calls, doctors appointments and testing, things which are made significantly more difficult when you have ADHD.
I worked at the Omega facility for10 +years. This has to be one of one of the coolest places I've ever worked. Knowing that you're doing something that is the only place on the planet that is happening. I worked with laser beam shaping and pointing to the target. Witnessed a few bizarre things while I was there as well. At $15K (electricity to charge the capacitor banks) you had to be on your game 110% of the time. Not to mention the years worth of planning by the principle investigators. Very cool.
Hey mate, what kind of strange things if I may ask?
Care to expand on the strange things witnessed?
@@LarryFish3rman or the 110%? How much pressure does it take to get 110% to only be 100%?
he didnt say he was getting any pressure to 110%. he was saying that you needed to alert at all times because it costs $15k per laser shot.... @@brokenrecord3523
@stevefoote9995 I wonder what of kind of insurance policies the scientists running these experiments might take out since they have to plan things months or years before actually getting to do the experiment. Like let's say, for some reason a sensor inside the chamber fails for whatever reason, how do these guys proceed?
Absolutely incredible production quality, a lesson not just to aspiring physicists but also to media students.
ok
@@tamnguyen-bl7jf if you’re ok, we’re ok
It was so nice of you to subject yourself to such extreme pressures for science!
This is the best animated CZcams explainer video I've ever watched.
I really appreciate you all centering a graduate student researcher in this video. They're often the best communicators and the most innovative thinkers (and the ones who do the massive majority of the actual work that goes into research), and it's important to recognize their input and contributions.
Adding to this for those not in the fields, there have been studies, peer reviewed, that showed most scientific breakthroughs are done during that graduate student timeframe - in the normal age range for master's or PhD degrees - and most scientists only lecture or expand on that original discovery.
@@LabGecko This is the period in a scientists life where they are truly scientists per the definition. Their minds are open and for them anything is possible, all theories are questionable, and discovery possibilities endless. Then publishing and tenure grab hold and they literally become the most absolutely closed off, ridged, myopic rubes the world produces. I call this the gotta get mine and keep mine conundrum.
that's a very common but idealistic view of graduate school
I went in with that same misconception and was horribly disappointed at the reality of academic science.
lol keep in mind also that those close minded rubes are managing the grad students' research.
this and all the politics and bad science that results from it is what made me so disappointed & disgusted with academia.
I doubt they’re learning anything else than wokism these days. Even (and especially) in the so-called “prestigious” ones.
"Our sodium hasn't changed much", he says, underwater
Must be a physicist. As a chemist you wouldn't ever sodium into water with you. Not even as a thought experiment.
It's in a ziploc bag
Did I see the Sodium in a Ziploc bag? Na
@@omniportentWe'll get some potassium. K?
That was so cool and interesting! Loved the art style as well
amazing grafics, and direction in general!! The part about the laser generatin pressure its really good. I would add that, in the core of the Sun tho, the pressure alone its not enough for the fussion to happen. The temperature and the tunnel effect have major roles in nuclear fussion. apart of that detail, i had never seen a video of Vox, and if they are all like this, i will be very pleased :o
This felt like watching Natgeo and Discovery in my childhood. Very well put together and was an absolute treat to watch!
2:36 How am I just now finding out that the blobfish we've always seen is one that's surfaced, and they actually look different in their natural environment ._.
Not surprised since it was voted the ugliest fish😂
Deep in water they sigma
Up in air they have 0 rizz
Animations were spot on. Explaining a very complex topic in a down to earth (see what I did there) fashion.
I just wanted to stop watching the video 2 minutes in to appreciate the animations. Great job. Loving it!
3:02 **chef's kiss** Highly condensed joke.
I laughed probably too hard at that part ngl.
I was amazed by the scientific accuracy and easy-to-follow demonstration. As a PhD student working on high pressure topics.
I really appreciate all of you focusing on a graduate student researcher in this video. I have to imagine what it would be like to grow up with this kind of content available?
This video was made for you! Interesting field.
this video felt like a journey
To the team involved in the making of this video, your talent and efforts haven't gone unnoticed and unappreciated. This was very clearly well-made by people who have a deep love for science and a desire to share that love. 10/10 video.
This was so well made. I feel like I'm watching PBS as a kid. Please make more! There can never be enough science communication shows. The animations in the is were absolute perfection!
1:50 In this educational video, we can see multiple Dwayne "The Rock" Johnsons surrounding the phone in a circle. This is because The Rock is such a good actor that he made clones of himself planting his foot into the phone just to demonstrate the physics! Truly an Oscar-Worthy performance!
This is amazingly well made. Astonishing!
This is probably the most unique science topic I’ve ever heard about in a while.
This was exceptional, beautifully covered!
Absolutely love the graphics, storytelling and animation. So much fun and unusually strange.
The rock!
Bill Nye vibes
This just blew my worldview apart & I'm glad. This is AWESOME
Came to comment the same thing many others have shared; this was tremendously well done
This is arguably the best of Vox.
Can you elaborate?
No
i agree
@@KooczsiBecause it's not political
@@nealkelly9757 lol true
11:04 What an ending! Awesome video editor.
I really want to find that song but having no luck!
Same I can't find the song, can someone share the link if they do, closed captions says the name is lump of coal by Adam cole
@@varunguptatallam111 sorry for the kinda slow reply
In the credits ( 11:07 ) of the video it says "Adam Cole" is the Producer/Animator, so the most likely scenario is that he produced just this little bit of song just for this video.
(random thing i noticed: looking at the credits of the video itself, it says " Lump of Coal - Adam *Coal* " but the captions say " Lump of Coal - Adam *Cole* ")
I really like the small detail of the meter going up to the laser's capable limit when the laser is shot.
The creator of the song said that the song was only made for the outro, so yeah. No luck
That was really enjoyable to watch, thank you.
Excellent video. Kudos to those who were involved.
4:10 missed opportunity to animate the rocks in the mantle as The Rock
the pop at 2:57 💀
😂
Been looking for this comment
This is one of the best science videos I've ever watched, 10/10!
Great animations, great storytelling, great subject!
I really love the animation. And the tiny explosion sound at 2:57. "to soon? " nahh!... Its perfectly well made.
Nah I was laughing when I heard that😂😂
I said “too soon” out loud but I was already laughing 😂
*implosion
It's never too soon to remind humanity to think twice about its hubris.
We thought the Titanic taught that lesson. I suppose not.
i was like “bruh 💀”
Dear Vox, please give us a link to the song (Lump of Coal by Adam Cole). Not being able to find the song, is putting a lot of pressure on me!
please ! share with the world more about Adam Coal/Lump of Coal music ! this would become my next favorite artist 🤩
DUDE I AGREE I'VE BEEN LOOKING FOR 6 HOURS ALREADY
Perhaps it is one of their own private songs. Unless they upload it, we won't be able to listen to it in its fullest.
Pretty amazing! I wonder what happens if there was a much more gradual approach from 1 atm to 1B atm instead of the instant single shock, perhaps with much lesser laser pulse energies and at some natural harmonic frequency if the atomic structure would on average be more lined up for a last big wallup hit of laser pulse energy at some threshold to really get a long fusion burn
this is one of the best videos ive ever seen in my life ngl
Love the sound of those people experiencing nearly instantaneous death (explosion sound 2:56) when you mentioned the Titan, followed by the music from Titanic.
Did seem a bit in poor taste
@@williambatley1769 nah
One interesting thing about pressure that you didn’t mention: pressure also dilates spacetime, just like acceleration. Actually neutron stars wouldn't even be able to form without pressure induced spacetime dilation.
This is exactly why vox didn't mention this. Flies right over your head.
@@wateverever3538lmfao
@@wateverever3538so true tho
47 1 17h 39min
That's so weird tho, why does it do that?
that might be the fastest, i have every pressed SUBSCRIBE button ..... keep up the good work Vox.
Literally got yourself a new subscriber on your sarcasm alone.
This is the kind of content we need to get people into science. It's detailed, but still very accessible.
props to the camera man for following him all the way to the center of the sun. That takes a whole other level of skill
Cameraman never dies, so that's helpful as well
They must have gone at night to be safe
He must’ve been under a lot of pressure.
@@alexbermutant28haha, good one
Ha ha
Sound design was on point. HEY I’M WALKING HERE 10:00
Subscribed. Very interesting and well delivered, thank you!
One of the best, if not the best, produced science communication videos I've ever seen. How do we nominate this for an award?
2:51 funny submarine meme hehe
Soooo interesting! Great video and incredibly informative. Love accessible science!
Best video ever. I need a full version of the outro song though!
I loved how you went into detail about the hexagonal shape of Ice and the different Ice-Types. As a Material-Scientist and Crystallography-Major it was amazing to see my (often forgotten) field in broader Media.
Just try not to drop a sample of Ice-9
As a College-Student, maybe you should learn to write without so many Hyphens and Capital-Letters.
@@RagingGeekazoidnah, crystallographers and structural biochemists have this ability that allows them to visualize how proteins rotate from a 3d model. It is like being on meth and shrooms, can't expect them to write after that
As a non-college student, i dont care
9:58 did not not miss that "I'm walkin' here!" :D
Thank you for the video, very interesting subject!
Learned a lot, well done. And thanks for using metric.
There’s so much we don’t know. Scientists studying this interesting stuff deserve all the credit in the world.
2:56 that sound effect was unnecessary 😂
Short: ✅
Informative: ✅
Visually appealing: ✅
Engaging narration: ✅
Reliable sources: ✅
Great video: ✅
Missed a workout yesterday, did two today! Thank you coach!
Fantastic! You keep getting better and better ‼️❤️🇨🇦
That titan implosion sound got my attention.
For real. They didn't have to put it in but it made me startled. 😦
10:05 this really put into perspective how hard it is to make a sustainable fusion reactor
This makes me question what would happen with an out of control fusion reactor, would it destroy earth?
@@fitmotheyapNothing, it's impossible to be out of control, as soon as you lose pressure or temperature, the process stops
The editing is unique and the animation is amazing
Amazing!!!
Thanks for the fantastic content!!!
Water is seriously underrated. A freaking 1 000 000 atmospheric pressure, just blows my mind at how big it really is
Did bro just say water is underrated???
@@Zephyrgaming19 Yes, it is clearly stated in the comment
Follow JIesus and you will not be ashamed.hadwdwd
Iam drinking it
I agree. Water is underrated.
Very well explained, and beautifully paced. All the complex processes unpacked in a fun, easy to understand way. Very well done. These broadcasts are like a throwback to science shows we used to get in the UK back when I was a kid in the dark ages (1960s and 70s).
Follow JIesus and you will not be ashamed.hadwdwd
Please make a full version of the song during the credits!!! It's too good!
This was a fantastic video. Thank you.
Using the actual sound of the sub imploding was very immersive
I love how well animated this is.
It's so simple and easy to digest
Such a great visuals and storytelling!
How nice! Thanks! The content and the animation... Bravo!